CN105341534A - 防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域,涉及一种防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂;还涉及一种上述防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的制备方法。本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,由下列质量份数的各组分组成:菖蒲36-42份、甘薯30-35份、皂荚28-35份、金银花28-34份、桃叶28-34份、地榆27-34份、薰衣草25-33份、半枝莲24-32份、五味子24-30份、菌陈21-27份、败酱草21-27份、灯心草根20-26份、川层草19-27份、儿茶19-25份、大蒜14-21份、白花蛇舌草12-20份等。本发明能有效预防和治疗鹦鹉鱼白点病的发生。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域,尤其涉及一种防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂;本发明还涉及一种上述防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们的生活水平的提高,物质生活极大的丰富,人们对休闲娱乐生活的要求越来越明显,在家里或庭院中养些色彩艳丽的观赏鱼是最好的选择,因为饲养观赏鱼几乎不占用空间;经济费用可以依人而定;条件相对简单,有水即可。养殖观赏鱼不仅可以修身养性,陶冶情操,水中所释放出来的负离子和水蒸气还可过滤和湿润空气,给人营造出良好的生活环境。
鹦鹉鱼(学名:Amphilophus)或称鹦嘴鱼,鹦鹉鱼,学名洛神颈鳍鱼,隆头鱼科的属类,俗称有鹦哥鱼、鹦嘴鱼、红楔鲷等,是生活在珊瑚礁中的热带鱼类。鹦鹉鱼颜色跟鹦鹉一样绚丽闻名,体色不一,同种中雌雄差异很大,成鱼和幼体鱼之间差别也很大。因其色彩艳丽,嘴型酷似鹦鹉嘴型而得名。鹦鹉鱼因其绚丽的体色而深受观赏鱼爱好者的喜爱。
白点病是一种最常见的鱼类寄生虫病,多发于秋末春初水温较低的季节鲤科和慈鲷科的热带鱼较易感染。白点病也叫小瓜虫病,小瓜虫虫体呈球形,全身披有纤毛,直径约0.8mm,为肉眼可见的小白点。在水温18-23℃的情况下,小瓜虫常寄生在鱼的皮下、尾鳍和鳃部,吸食鱼体组织的营养,并刺激鱼体分泌大量粘液,因此在鱼体表形成一个个白色脓泡,遍布鱼全身。热带鱼患此病时,表现在鱼鳍上先出现白点,鱼儿显得精神呆滞、漂浮于水面,很少活动,或者常在水草、砂石旁侧身迅速游动蹭痒。严重时,导致鱼体周身密布白点、停止摄食、肌体消瘦、呼吸困难直至死亡,病程一般约为5-10天。如果遇到温度骤变或鱼抵抗力不足的情况下,鹦鹉鱼就会大规模爆发白点病。鹦鹉鱼白点病不仅影响鹦鹉鱼的观赏性,而且还会导致鹦鹉鱼的死亡进而带来严重的经济损失。目前,治疗白点病的通常采用的手段是换水撒盐或用硝酸亚汞或用孔雀石绿药浴,用食盐浸泡的缺点是其效果有限、且治愈率低,不能使鹦鹉鱼迅速恢复健康,治愈周期长,无法有效解决问题;而用硝酸亚汞或用孔雀石绿毒性太大,不仅会污染环境,而且对鹦鹉鱼的毒副作用大,此外,硝酸亚汞或用孔雀石绿对珊瑚和无脊椎动物也有很大毒性,不能直接在珊瑚缸内下药,需要在独立检疫缸里进行,操作较为繁琐。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,其原料组分均为绿色纯天然原料,且使用方便,能有效预防和治疗鹦鹉鱼白点病的发生。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案,一种防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,由下列质量份数的各组分组成:菖蒲36-42份、甘薯30-35份、皂荚28-35份、金银花28-34份、桃叶28-34份、地榆27-34份、薰衣草25-33份、半枝莲24-32份、五味子24-30份、菌陈21-27份、败酱草21-27份、灯心草根20-26份、川层草19-27份、儿茶19-25份、半柱花18-25份、红蓼16-25份、白药子15-23份、白术15-21份、紫花地丁15-21份、大蒜14-21份、白花蛇舌草12-20份、马齿苋12-19份、生姜12-17份、竹盐11-17份、蜂蜜9-17份、蚯蚓粉15-22份、沙蚕粉15-21份、鱿鱼粉12-18份、鱼油10-18份。
优选地,所述防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,由下列质量份数的各组分组成:菖蒲39份、甘薯33份、皂荚32份、金银花30份、桃叶30份、地榆31份、薰衣草30份、半枝莲28份、五味子27份、菌陈24份、败酱草24份、灯心草根23份、川层草23份、儿茶22份、半柱花22份、红蓼20份、白药子19份、白术18份、紫花地丁18份、大蒜18份、白花蛇舌草16份、马齿苋15份、生姜14份、竹盐15份、蜂蜜12份、蚯蚓粉18份、沙蚕粉18份、鱿鱼粉15份、鱼油15份。
优选地,所述防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,由下列质量份数的各组分组成:菖蒲40份、甘薯33份、皂荚31份、金银花31份、桃叶32份、地榆30份、薰衣草28份、半枝莲28份、五味子27份、菌陈25份、败酱草25份、灯心草根22份、川层草23份、儿茶22份、半柱花21份、红蓼21份、白药子18份、白术18份、紫花地丁17份、大蒜17份、白花蛇舌草16份、马齿苋16份、生姜15份、竹盐14份、蜂蜜13份、蚯蚓粉20份、沙蚕粉18份、鱿鱼粉15份、鱼油14份。
本发明的各组分功效解析如下:
菖蒲可防疫驱邪,是极好的“绿色农药”,可有效防治稻飞虱、稻叶蝉、稻螟蛉、蚜虫、红蜘蛛等虫害。甘薯性味甘平、无毒,可补脾胃、养心神、益气力、通乳汁、除宿瘀脏毒,甘薯独有的脱氢表雄甾酮,可以预防结肠癌和乳腺,甘薯能提高机体的免疫能力。皂荚含三萜皂甙(皂荚甙、皂荚皂甙)、鞣质、蜡醇、廿九烷、豆甾醇、谷甾醇等,有祛痰、开窍的功能,皂荚中所含有的皂苷素是三萜烯类和低聚糖,有消炎、抗溃疡、抗病变效果,还有抗癌和提高艾滋病免疫力等功效。金银花性甘寒气芳香,甘寒清热而不伤胃,芳香透达又可祛邪,金银花既能宣散风热,还善清解血毒,用于各种热性病,如身热、发疹、发斑、热毒疮痈、咽喉肿痛等症,均效果显著,金银花含有绿原酸、木犀草素苷等药理活性成分,对溶血性链球菌、金黄葡萄球菌等多种致病菌及上呼吸道感染致病病毒等有较强的抑制力,另外还可增强免疫力、抗早孕、护肝、抗肿瘤、消炎、解热、止血(凝血)、抑制肠道吸收胆固醇等,其临床用途非常广泛,可与其它药物配伍用于治疗呼吸道感染、菌痢、急性泌尿系统感染、高血压等40余种病症。桃叶味苦,性平,适用于疟疾,痈疖,痔疮,湿疹,阴道滴虫等症的治疗。地榆性微寒、味苦,地榆具有止血凉血、清热解毒、收敛止泻及抑制多种致病微生物和肿瘤的作用,可治疗吐血、血痢、烧灼伤、湿疹、上消化道出血、溃疡病大出血、便血、崩漏、结核性脓疡及慢性骨髓炎等疾病。薰衣草中的芳樟醇能抑制17种细菌(包括革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌)、10种真菌的生长,而且薰衣草具有神经保护作用。半枝莲有凉血解毒,散瘀止痛,消肿和清热利湿之功效。五味子敛肺,滋肾,生津,收汗,涩精,治肺虚喘咳,口干作渴,自汗,盗汗,劳伤羸瘦,梦遗滑精,久泻久痢。菌陈主风湿寒热邪气,茵陈有显著利胆作用,并有解热、保肝、抗肿瘤和降压等作用。败酱草清热解毒,祛瘀排脓,能杀菌杀虫消炎,可用于阑尾炎、痢疾、白点病、肝炎、眼结膜炎、产后瘀血腹痛、痈肿疔疮等。灯心草根可杀菌抑菌。川层草治痢疾,小便痛,脚软无力,身疼发热,喉痛,蛇咬伤,痈疖肿疬。儿茶用于跌扑伤痛,外伤出血,吐血衄血,疮疡不敛,湿疹、湿疮,肺热咳嗽。半柱花能清热解毒;利湿止痒;消肿止痛,主痢疾;疮疡;湿疹;皮肤瘙痒;毛虫刺伤;跌打。红蓼祛风除湿;活血;截疟,主风湿痹痛;痢疾;腹泻;吐泻转筋;水肿;脚气;痈疮疔疖;蛇虫咬伤;小儿疳积疝气;跌打损伤;疟疾。白药子能祛风止痛;凉血止血,主咽喉肿痛;热毒痈肿;风湿痹痛;腹痛;泻痢;吐血;衄血;外伤出血。白术具有健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎的功效,用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。紫花地丁凉血消肿,清热利湿的作用,主治疔疮,痈肿,瘰疬,黄疸,痢疾,腹泻,目赤,喉痹,毒蛇咬伤。大蒜性温味辛,温中健胃,消食理气,解毒杀虫,消肿止痛,止泻止痢,治肺,驱虫,此外还有温脾暖胃,治痈疽肿毒,白秃癣疮,痢疾泄泻,肺痨顿咳,蛔虫蛲虫,饮食积滞,脘腹冷痛,水肿胀满。白花蛇舌草清热解毒、消痛散结、利尿除湿。马齿苋主目盲白霄,利大小便,去寒热,杀诸虫,止渴,破症结痈疮,和多年醋滓,当利下恶物,去白虫。生姜对伤寒杆菌及霍乱弧菌有强烈的杀菌作用,对毛癣菌有抑制作用,生姜中所含的姜醇和姜酚具有杀灭软体动物和杀灭血吸虫的作用,可用于治疗血吸虫病,而且具有明显的镇痛作用,生姜性暖,可促进血液循环的畅通。竹盐具有抗菌、消炎、中和毒素的作用。蜂蜜味甘、性平,归脾、肺、心、胃、大肠经,具有滋阴润燥、补虚润肺、解毒、调和诸药的作用。蚯蚓体内还含有丰富的维生素D、以及钙和磷等矿物质元素,蚯蚓体内含有地龙素、地龙解毒素、黄嘌呤、抗组织胺和维生素B等多种药用成分,而且蚯蚓味道鲜美,对多数鱼类具有诱食作用。沙蚕具有抗氧化,抗菌,抗辐射,抗病毒,抗疲劳,防癌,调节免疫,延缓衰老的功效,而且肉质鲜美,是鱼类的重要饵料之一。鱿鱼肉质肥嫩可口,不仅能为鱼类补充能量,而且具有诱食作用。鱼油可以为鹦鹉鱼补充能量,也对鹦鹉鱼具有诱食作用。蚯蚓粉、沙蚕粉、鱿鱼粉和鱼油对鹦鹉鱼具有协同诱食作用。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的制备方法,该防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取菖蒲、甘薯、皂荚、金银花、桃叶、地榆、薰衣草、大蒜、生姜,总重量记为1份,加入8份纯化水,40-50℃浸泡1h,得浸泡液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的浸泡液加热至沸腾后煮沸2h,分离取出煎出液,继续向药材内加入4份的纯化水,加热至沸腾后继续煮沸1.5h,合并两次煎出液即为提取液;
(3)按照配比分别称取白术、紫花地丁、白花蛇舌草和马齿苋,装入球磨机研磨2h,过80目筛,得研磨粉;
(4)按照配比称取半枝莲、五味子、菌陈、败酱草、灯心草根、川层草、儿茶、半柱花、红蓼和白药子,并混合,在混合药粉中加入重量为混合药粉总重量的二分之一的蛤粉,加入蛤粉后在120~160℃行进炒制,炒制完成后,去除蛤粉,然后放入粉碎机中粉碎并过100目筛,得粉碎粉;
(5)将步骤(2)得到的提取液及步骤(3)得到的研磨粉、步骤(4)所得的粉碎粉放置于超临界萃取仪中的萃取釜中,利用二氧化碳作为介质进行萃取,萃取釜压力为40Mpa,萃取温度为45℃,分离器压力12Mpa,分离器温度为70℃,萃取2小时,得到萃取液;
(6)按照配比分别称取竹盐、蜂蜜、蚯蚓粉、沙蚕粉、鱿鱼粉和鱼油,并与步骤(5)所得的萃取液混合均匀,即得目标物。
所述蚯蚓粉的制备方法为:将清洗干净的蚯蚓冷冻干燥至彻底干燥后冰上研磨,再过50目筛,得蚯蚓粉。冷冻干燥的优点是在干燥过程中不会使蚯蚓中所含的活性物质失活,冰上研磨的优点是降低研磨时因不断的搅动而产生热量,以保持温度、保护组织。
所述沙蚕粉的制备方法为:将清洗干净的沙蚕冷冻干燥至彻底干燥后冰上研磨,再过50目筛,得沙蚕粉。冷冻干燥的优点是在干燥过程中不会使沙蚕中所含的活性物质失活,冰上研磨的优点是降低研磨时因不断的搅动而产生热量,以保持温度、保护组织。
用法用量:将本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料以1:45-1:15的重量比混合均匀后投喂,优选地,本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料的重量比为1:30。
制备方法中,将菖蒲、甘薯、皂荚、金银花、桃叶、地榆、薰衣草、大蒜、生姜原料药经纯化水浸泡一段时间,药材变软,细胞膨胀,有效成分容易被煎出,并且药材含有淀粉、蛋白质,经浸泡后,防止在煎煮时,药材表面的淀粉糊化,蛋白质凝固,堵塞药材表面的毛细孔道,使在煎煮时水分进不去,有效成分不易被煎出,影响药物疗效;浸泡后煎煮可以改变药物的刺激性作用,较温和的作用于鹦鹉鱼,促进鹦鹉鱼对药物的吸收;将白术、紫花地丁、白花蛇舌草和马齿苋研磨的目的是使药材中的淀粉、蛋白质在后续步骤更充分的析出;超临界萃取、浸泡、浓缩步骤最大限度的保留本发明中各组分的有效成分。利用蛤粉对半枝莲、五味子、菌陈、败酱草、灯心草根、川层草、儿茶、半柱花、红蓼和白药子进行炒制,降低原料的凉性,矫正不良气味,有利于鱼的吸收,并且蛤粉炒制可增强原料的杀菌消炎的作用。
由于本发明的饲料添加剂中含有的鱼油不仅能为鹦鹉鱼补充能量而且具有诱食作用,蚯蚓和沙蚕味道鲜美、鱿鱼粉可改善饲料整体口感,蚯蚓粉、沙蚕粉、鱿鱼粉和鱼油对鹦鹉鱼具有协同诱食作用,因此本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂可改善基础饲料的口感,刺激鹦鹉鱼的味蕾,诱导鹦鹉鱼摄食添加了本发明的饲料添加剂的基础饲料,因此本发明的饲料添加剂中的能增强鹦鹉鱼免疫力和抵抗力、对小瓜虫具有显著杀虫效果和免疫效果的成分能进入鹦鹉鱼体内,并发挥其相应的作用。
本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,是根据白点病的发病原理,选择的合适的组分,并将其有机结合,具有显著的协同增效效果,最大限度地发挥各组分的功能。本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的组分均为绿色环保原料,对环境无毒无害,不含有化学药品或抗生素,而且本发明的制剂对鹦鹉鱼白点病的治愈效果好,治愈率高,使患病的鹦鹉鱼的成活率达到90%以上,用药1-2天后,鹦鹉鱼身上的白点即可全部消失。此外,本发明使用起来较为安全,对鹦鹉鱼损伤小,能较温和的作用于鹦鹉鱼,使用本发明的治疗鹦鹉鱼白点病的制剂后,鹦鹉鱼健康恢复快,用药2-4天,鹦鹉鱼即可恢复正常活动,游资矫健,摄食完全正常。此外,本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂还能有效预防鹦鹉鱼白点病的发生。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的各组分中,菖蒲可防疫驱邪,是极好的“绿色农药”,可有效防治稻飞虱、稻叶蝉、稻螟蛉、蚜虫、红蜘蛛等虫害。甘薯性味甘平、无毒,可补脾胃、养心神、益气力、通乳汁、除宿瘀脏毒,甘薯独有的脱氢表雄甾酮,可以预防结肠癌和乳腺,甘薯能提高机体的免疫能力。皂荚含三萜皂甙(皂荚甙、皂荚皂甙)、鞣质、蜡醇、廿九烷、豆甾醇、谷甾醇等,有祛痰、开窍的功能,皂荚中所含有的皂苷素是三萜烯类和低聚糖,有消炎、抗溃疡、抗病变效果,还有抗癌和提高艾滋病免疫力等功效。金银花性甘寒气芳香,甘寒清热而不伤胃,芳香透达又可祛邪,金银花既能宣散风热,还善清解血毒,用于各种热性病,如身热、发疹、发斑、热毒疮痈、咽喉肿痛等症,均效果显著,金银花含有绿原酸、木犀草素苷等药理活性成分,对溶血性链球菌、金黄葡萄球菌等多种致病菌及上呼吸道感染致病病毒等有较强的抑制力,另外还可增强免疫力、抗早孕、护肝、抗肿瘤、消炎、解热、止血(凝血)、抑制肠道吸收胆固醇等,其临床用途非常广泛,可与其它药物配伍用于治疗呼吸道感染、菌痢、急性泌尿系统感染、高血压等40余种病症。桃叶味苦,性平,适用于疟疾,痈疖,痔疮,湿疹,阴道滴虫等症的治疗。地榆性微寒、味苦,地榆具有止血凉血、清热解毒、收敛止泻及抑制多种致病微生物和肿瘤的作用,可治疗吐血、血痢、烧灼伤、湿疹、上消化道出血、溃疡病大出血、便血、崩漏、结核性脓疡及慢性骨髓炎等疾病。薰衣草中的芳樟醇能抑制17种细菌(包括革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌)、10种真菌的生长,而且薰衣草具有神经保护作用。半枝莲有凉血解毒,散瘀止痛,消肿和清热利湿之功效。五味子敛肺,滋肾,生津,收汗,涩精,治肺虚喘咳,口干作渴,自汗,盗汗,劳伤羸瘦,梦遗滑精,久泻久痢。菌陈主风湿寒热邪气,茵陈有显著利胆作用,并有解热、保肝、抗肿瘤和降压等作用。败酱草清热解毒,祛瘀排脓,能杀菌杀虫消炎,可用于阑尾炎、痢疾、白点病、肝炎、眼结膜炎、产后瘀血腹痛、痈肿疔疮等。灯心草根可杀菌抑菌。川层草治痢疾,小便痛,脚软无力,身疼发热,喉痛,蛇咬伤,痈疖肿疬。儿茶用于跌扑伤痛,外伤出血,吐血衄血,疮疡不敛,湿疹、湿疮,肺热咳嗽。半柱花能清热解毒;利湿止痒;消肿止痛,主痢疾;疮疡;湿疹;皮肤瘙痒;毛虫刺伤;跌打。红蓼祛风除湿;活血;截疟,主风湿痹痛;痢疾;腹泻;吐泻转筋;水肿;脚气;痈疮疔疖;蛇虫咬伤;小儿疳积疝气;跌打损伤;疟疾。白药子能祛风止痛;凉血止血,主咽喉肿痛;热毒痈肿;风湿痹痛;腹痛;泻痢;吐血;衄血;外伤出血。白术具有健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎的功效,用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。紫花地丁凉血消肿,清热利湿的作用,主治疔疮,痈肿,瘰疬,黄疸,痢疾,腹泻,目赤,喉痹,毒蛇咬伤。大蒜性温味辛,温中健胃,消食理气,解毒杀虫,消肿止痛,止泻止痢,治肺,驱虫,此外还有温脾暖胃,治痈疽肿毒,白秃癣疮,痢疾泄泻,肺痨顿咳,蛔虫蛲虫,饮食积滞,脘腹冷痛,水肿胀满。白花蛇舌草清热解毒、消痛散结、利尿除湿。马齿苋主目盲白霄,利大小便,去寒热,杀诸虫,止渴,破症结痈疮,和多年醋滓,当利下恶物,去白虫。生姜对伤寒杆菌及霍乱弧菌有强烈的杀菌作用,对毛癣菌有抑制作用,生姜中所含的姜醇和姜酚具有杀灭软体动物和杀灭血吸虫的作用,可用于治疗血吸虫病,而且具有明显的镇痛作用,生姜性暖,可促进血液循环的畅通。竹盐具有抗菌、消炎、中和毒素的作用。蜂蜜味甘、性平,归脾、肺、心、胃、大肠经,具有滋阴润燥、补虚润肺、解毒、调和诸药的作用。蚯蚓体内还含有丰富的维生素D、以及钙和磷等矿物质元素,蚯蚓体内含有地龙素、地龙解毒素、黄嘌呤、抗组织胺和维生素B等多种药用成分,而且蚯蚓味道鲜美,对多数鱼类具有诱食作用。沙蚕具有抗氧化,抗菌,抗辐射,抗病毒,抗疲劳,防癌,调节免疫,延缓衰老的功效,而且肉质鲜美,是鱼类的重要饵料之一。鱿鱼肉质肥嫩可口,不仅能为鱼类补充能量,而且具有诱食作用。鱼油可以为鹦鹉鱼补充能量,也对鹦鹉鱼具有诱食作用。蚯蚓粉、沙蚕粉、鱿鱼粉和鱼油对鹦鹉鱼具有协同诱食作用。
(2)制备方法中,将菖蒲、甘薯、皂荚、金银花、桃叶、地榆、薰衣草、大蒜、生姜原料药经纯化水浸泡一段时间,药材变软,细胞膨胀,有效成分容易被煎出,并且药材含有淀粉、蛋白质,经浸泡后,防止在煎煮时,药材表面的淀粉糊化,蛋白质凝固,堵塞药材表面的毛细孔道,使在煎煮时水分进不去,有效成分不易被煎出,影响药物疗效;浸泡后煎煮可以改变药物的刺激性作用,较温和的作用于鹦鹉鱼,促进鹦鹉鱼对药物的吸收;将白术、紫花地丁、白花蛇舌草和马齿苋研磨的目的是使药材中的淀粉、蛋白质在后续步骤更充分的析出;超临界萃取、浸泡、浓缩步骤最大限度的保留本发明中各组分的有效成分。利用蛤粉对半枝莲、五味子、菌陈、败酱草、灯心草根、川层草、儿茶、半柱花、红蓼和白药子进行炒制,降低原料的凉性,矫正不良气味,有利于鱼的吸收,并且蛤粉炒制可增强原料的杀菌消炎的作用。
(3)由于本发明的饲料添加剂中含有的鱼油不仅能为鹦鹉鱼补充能量而且具有诱食作用,蚯蚓和沙蚕味道鲜美、鱿鱼粉可改善饲料整体口感,蚯蚓粉、沙蚕粉、鱿鱼粉和鱼油对鹦鹉鱼具有协同诱食作用,因此本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂可改善基础饲料的口感,刺激鹦鹉鱼的味蕾,诱导鹦鹉鱼摄食添加了本发明的饲料添加剂的基础饲料,因此本发明的饲料添加剂中的能增强鹦鹉鱼免疫力和抵抗力、对小瓜虫具有显著杀虫效果和免疫效果的成分能进入鹦鹉鱼体内,并发挥其相应的作用。
(4)本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,是根据白点病的发病原理,选择的合适的组分,并将其有机结合,具有显著的协同增效效果,最大限度地发挥各组分的功能。本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的组分均为绿色环保原料,对环境无毒无害,不含有化学药品或抗生素,而且本发明的制剂对鹦鹉鱼白点病的治疗效果好,治愈率高,使患病的鹦鹉鱼的成活率达到90%以上,用药1-2天后,鹦鹉鱼身上的白点即可全部消失。
(5)本发明使用起来较为安全,对鹦鹉鱼损伤小,能较温和的作用于鹦鹉鱼,使用本发明的治疗鹦鹉鱼白点病的制剂后,鹦鹉鱼健康恢复快,用药2-4天,鹦鹉鱼即可恢复正常活动,游资矫健,摄食完全正常。此外,本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂还能有效预防鹦鹉鱼白点病的发生。
具体实施方式
以下的实施例便于更好地理解本发明,但并不限定本发明。下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
实施例1
一种防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,由下列质量份数的各组分组成:菖蒲36份、甘薯32份、皂荚30份、金银花30份、桃叶28份、地榆27份、薰衣草25份、半枝莲24份、五味子24份、菌陈21份、败酱草21份、灯心草根22份、川层草20份、儿茶19份、半柱花18份、红蓼16份、白药子15份、白术15份、紫花地丁15份、大蒜14份、白花蛇舌草12份、马齿苋12份、生姜12份、竹盐11份、蜂蜜10份、蚯蚓粉15份、沙蚕粉15份、鱿鱼粉12份、鱼油13份。
上述防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取菖蒲、甘薯、皂荚、金银花、桃叶、地榆、薰衣草、大蒜、生姜,总重量记为1份,加入8份纯化水,40-50℃浸泡1h,得浸泡液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的浸泡液加热至沸腾后煮沸2h,分离取出煎出液,继续向药材内加入4份的纯化水,加热至沸腾后继续煮沸1.5h,合并两次煎出液即为提取液;
(3)按照配比分别称取白术、紫花地丁、白花蛇舌草和马齿苋,装入球磨机研磨2h,过80目筛,得研磨粉;
(4)按照配比称取半枝莲、五味子、菌陈、败酱草、灯心草根、川层草、儿茶、半柱花、红蓼和白药子,并混合,在混合药粉中加入重量为混合药粉总重量的二分之一的蛤粉,加入蛤粉后在120~160℃行进炒制,炒制完成后,去除蛤粉,然后放入粉碎机中粉碎并过100目筛,得粉碎粉;
(5)将步骤(2)得到的提取液及步骤(3)得到的研磨粉、步骤(4)所得的粉碎粉放置于超临界萃取仪中的萃取釜中,利用二氧化碳作为介质进行萃取,萃取釜压力为40Mpa,萃取温度为45℃,分离器压力12Mpa,分离器温度为70℃,萃取2小时,得到萃取液;
(6)按照配比分别称取竹盐、蜂蜜、蚯蚓粉、沙蚕粉、鱿鱼粉和鱼油,并与步骤(5)所得的萃取液混合均匀,即得目标物。
所述蚯蚓粉的制备方法为:将清洗干净的蚯蚓冷冻干燥至彻底干燥后冰上研磨,再过50目筛,得蚯蚓粉。
所述沙蚕粉的制备方法为:将清洗干净的沙蚕冷冻干燥至彻底干燥后冰上研磨,再过50目筛,得沙蚕粉。
实施例2
一种防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,由下列质量份数的各组分组成:菖蒲38份、甘薯30份、皂荚28份、金银花28份、桃叶27份、地榆27份、薰衣草27份、半枝莲25份、五味子26份、菌陈22份、败酱草23份、灯心草根20份、川层草19份、儿茶20份、半柱花18份、红蓼16份、白药子15份、白术16份、紫花地丁16份、大蒜14份、白花蛇舌草14份、马齿苋12份、生姜12份、竹盐12份、蜂蜜9份、蚯蚓粉18份、沙蚕粉16份、鱿鱼粉12份、鱼油10份。
本实施例的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,由下列质量份数的各组分组成:菖蒲42份、甘薯35份、皂荚35份、金银花33份、桃叶34份、地榆33份、薰衣草33份、半枝莲32份、五味子30份、菌陈27份、败酱草27份、灯心草根26份、川层草26份、儿茶25份、半柱花25份、红蓼24份、白药子23份、白术21份、紫花地丁21份、大蒜20份、白花蛇舌草20份、马齿苋19份、生姜17份、竹盐17份、蜂蜜16份、蚯蚓粉22份、沙蚕粉20份、鱿鱼粉18份、鱼油18份。
本实施例的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4
一种防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,由下列质量份数的各组分组成:菖蒲40份、甘薯34份、皂荚34份、金银花34份、桃叶32份、地榆34份、薰衣草32份、半枝莲30份、五味子30份、菌陈27份、败酱草26份、灯心草根26份、川层草27份、儿茶25份、半柱花24份、红蓼25份、白药子22份、白术21份、紫花地丁21份、大蒜21份、白花蛇舌草20份、马齿苋18份、生姜16份、竹盐16份、蜂蜜17份、蚯蚓粉22份、沙蚕粉21份、鱿鱼粉16份、鱼油16份。
本实施例的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例5
一种防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,由下列质量份数的各组分组成:菖蒲39份、甘薯33份、皂荚32份、金银花30份、桃叶30份、地榆31份、薰衣草30份、半枝莲28份、五味子27份、菌陈24份、败酱草24份、灯心草根23份、川层草23份、儿茶22份、半柱花22份、红蓼20份、白药子19份、白术18份、紫花地丁18份、大蒜18份、白花蛇舌草16份、马齿苋15份、生姜14份、竹盐15份、蜂蜜12份、蚯蚓粉18份、沙蚕粉18份、鱿鱼粉15份、鱼油15份。
本实施例的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例6
本发明第六个具体实施方式中饲料成分及其制备方法如下:
一种防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,由下列质量份数的各组分组成:菖蒲40份、甘薯33份、皂荚31份、金银花31份、桃叶32份、地榆30份、薰衣草28份、半枝莲28份、五味子27份、菌陈25份、败酱草25份、灯心草根22份、川层草23份、儿茶22份、半柱花21份、红蓼21份、白药子18份、白术18份、紫花地丁17份、大蒜17份、白花蛇舌草16份、马齿苋16份、生姜15份、竹盐14份、蜂蜜13份、蚯蚓粉20份、沙蚕粉18份、鱿鱼粉15份、鱼油14份。
本实施例的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实验结果
对比实验1
试验场地选在青岛某渔场,为了验证本发明的治疗效果,对患有白点病的鹦鹉鱼进行试验:
对照组的处理如下:每吨水放入0.5kg-1kg的食盐,每12小时换水一次,换水后按相同比例加入食盐,直至病鱼痊愈。
实验A组的处理如下:将本发明实施例1的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料以1:30的重量比混合均匀后投喂,直至病鱼痊愈。
实验B组的处理如下:将本发明实施例2的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料以1:30的重量比混合均匀后投喂,直至病鱼痊愈。
实验C组的处理如下:将本发明实施例3的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料以1:30的重量比混合均匀后投喂,直至病鱼痊愈。
实验D组的处理如下:将本发明实施例4的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料以1:30的重量比混合均匀后投喂,直至病鱼痊愈。
实验E组的处理如下:将本发明实施例5的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料以1:30的重量比混合均匀后投喂,直至病鱼痊愈。
实验F组的处理如下:将本发明实施例6的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料以1:30的重量比混合均匀后投喂,直至病鱼痊愈。
实验结果见表1:
表1本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂治疗效果
实验结果表明:本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,是根据白点病的发病原理,选择的合适的组分,并将其有机结合,具有显著的协同增效效果,最大限度地发挥各组分的功能。本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的组分均为绿色环保原料,对环境无毒无害,不含有化学药品或抗生素,而且本发明的制剂对鹦鹉鱼白点病的治愈效果好,治愈率高,使患病的鹦鹉鱼的成活率达到90%以上,用药1-2天后,鹦鹉鱼身上的白点即可全部消失。此外,本发明使用起来较为安全,能较温和的作用于鹦鹉鱼,对鹦鹉鱼损伤小,使用本发明的治疗鹦鹉鱼白点病的制剂后,鹦鹉鱼健康恢复快,用药2-4天,鹦鹉鱼即可恢复正常活动,游资矫健,摄食完全正常。
对比实验2
以正常饲养组为空白对照组。实验组处理如下:
实验a组:将本发明实施例1的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料以1:45的重量比混合均匀后投喂,连续投喂20天。
实验b组:将本发明实施例2的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料以1:45的重量比混合均匀后投喂,连续投喂20天。
实验c组:将本发明实施例3的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料以1:45的重量比混合均匀后投喂,连续投喂20天。
实验d组:将本发明实施例4的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料以1:45的重量比混合均匀后投喂,连续投喂20天。
实验e组:将本发明实施例5的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料以1:45的重量比混合均匀后投喂,连续投喂20天。
实验f组:将本发明实施例6的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂与市售基础饲料以1:45的重量比混合均匀后投喂,连续投喂20天。
实验开始时,每个处理组放入健康鹦鹉鱼10只,按上述处理饲养20天后,在每个处理组中加入1只患有白点病的鹦鹉鱼,一周后观察并记录感染状况。结果见表2:
表2本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂预防白点病的效果
由表2可见,本发明的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂能有效降低鹦鹉鱼白点病的发病概率,能提高鹦鹉鱼的免疫力,对白点病的发生具有很好的预防作用。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进,这些改进应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,其特征在于:由下列质量份数的各组分组成:菖蒲36-42份、甘薯30-35份、皂荚28-35份、金银花28-34份、桃叶28-34份、地榆27-34份、薰衣草25-33份、半枝莲24-32份、五味子24-30份、菌陈21-27份、败酱草21-27份、灯心草根20-26份、川层草19-27份、儿茶19-25份、半柱花18-25份、红蓼16-25份、白药子15-23份、白术15-21份、紫花地丁15-21份、大蒜14-21份、白花蛇舌草12-20份、马齿苋12-19份、生姜12-17份、竹盐11-17份、蜂蜜9-17份、蚯蚓粉15-22份、沙蚕粉15-21份、鱿鱼粉12-18份、鱼油10-18份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,其特征在于:所述防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,由下列质量份数的各组分组成:菖蒲39份、甘薯33份、皂荚32份、金银花30份、桃叶30份、地榆31份、薰衣草30份、半枝莲28份、五味子27份、菌陈24份、败酱草24份、灯心草根23份、川层草23份、儿茶22份、半柱花22份、红蓼20份、白药子19份、白术18份、紫花地丁18份、大蒜18份、白花蛇舌草16份、马齿苋15份、生姜14份、竹盐15份、蜂蜜12份、蚯蚓粉18份、沙蚕粉18份、鱿鱼粉15份、鱼油15份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,其特征在于:所述防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂,由下列质量份数的各组分组成:菖蒲40份、甘薯33份、皂荚31份、金银花31份、桃叶32份、地榆30份、薰衣草28份、半枝莲28份、五味子27份、菌陈25份、败酱草25份、灯心草根22份、川层草23份、儿茶22份、半柱花21份、红蓼21份、白药子18份、白术18份、紫花地丁17份、大蒜17份、白花蛇舌草16份、马齿苋16份、生姜15份、竹盐14份、蜂蜜13份、蚯蚓粉20份、沙蚕粉18份、鱿鱼粉15份、鱼油14份。
4.一种权利要求1-3中任一项所述的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取菖蒲、甘薯、皂荚、金银花、桃叶、地榆、薰衣草、大蒜、生姜,总重量记为1份,加入8份纯化水,40-50℃浸泡1h,得浸泡液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的浸泡液加热至沸腾后煮沸2h,分离取出煎出液,继续向药材内加入4份的纯化水,加热至沸腾后继续煮沸1.5h,合并两次煎出液即为提取液;
(3)按照配比分别称取白术、紫花地丁、白花蛇舌草和马齿苋,装入球磨机研磨2h,过80目筛,得研磨粉;
(4)按照配比称取半枝莲、五味子、菌陈、败酱草、灯心草根、川层草、儿茶、半柱花、红蓼和白药子,并混合,在混合药粉中加入重量为混合药粉总重量的二分之一的蛤粉,加入蛤粉后在120~160℃行进炒制,炒制完成后,去除蛤粉,然后放入粉碎机中粉碎并过100目筛,得粉碎粉;
(5)将步骤(2)得到的提取液及步骤(3)得到的研磨粉、步骤(4)所得的粉碎粉放置于超临界萃取仪中的萃取釜中,利用二氧化碳作为介质进行萃取,萃取釜压力为40Mpa,萃取温度为45℃,分离器压力12Mpa,分离器温度为70℃,萃取2小时,得到萃取液;
(6)按照配比分别称取竹盐、蜂蜜、蚯蚓粉、沙蚕粉、鱿鱼粉和鱼油,并与步骤(5)所得的萃取液混合均匀,即得目标物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述蚯蚓粉的制备方法为:将清洗干净的蚯蚓冷冻干燥至彻底干燥后冰上研磨,再过50目筛,得蚯蚓粉。
6.根据权利要求4所述的防治鹦鹉鱼白点病的饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述沙蚕粉的制备方法为:将清洗干净的沙蚕冷冻干燥至彻底干燥后冰上研磨,再过50目筛,得沙蚕粉。
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