CN105340875A - 一种标本保存液及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种标本保存液及其制作方法，所述保存液主要由山梨酸钾、工业乙醇、甘油、50％戊二醛和水制成。制成的保存液不含甲醛，挥发慢，无刺激性气味，毒性很低，安全性高，保存效果好，使标本色泽好，较长时间保存不会发生霉变，标本质地柔软。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种标本保存液及其制作方法，特别是一种标本保存液及其制作方法。
技术背景
人体解剖学是一门直观性很强的形态科学，其实验教学活动与尸体标本密不可分。解剖学课程，教师主要用标本示教讲解，学生通过观看标本学习，所使用的人体标本为游离的散装标本，主要是用保存液进行保存。
现有的保存液主要是福尔马林保存液，福尔马林溶液注射到人体的血管中可以防止尸体的腐败。福尔马林标本保存液，有着很好的固定作用，这是由于甲醛与标本蛋白质的官能团大量结合，长期放置又进一步聚合形成多聚甲醛。这个过程使之在蛋白质肽链间形成了适度的交联，既能杀菌，又能保持标本的组织形态。但是，甲醛、苯类已被世界卫生组织确定为致癌物质，被列为高毒化学品，会强烈刺激眼睛、皮肤、呼吸道黏膜等，最终造成免疫功能异常、肝损伤及神经中枢系统受到影响，将导致胎儿畸形、白血病、慢性呼吸道疾病、鼻咽癌、女性月经紊乱、急性精神抑郁症等疾病，对人体健康造成了严重的威胁。同时由于福尔马林沸点低，故在室温时极易挥发，随着温度的上升挥发速度加快，散发出强烈的刺激性气味，严重污染实验室环境。随着时间的推移，空气中甲醛浓度还不断升高，对医学、生物学和动物学工作者的健康造成了严重威胁。此外，经甲醛溶液长期保存的标本，会发生霉变、黄变、标本变硬等现象。甲醛溶液也会因甲醛的挥发而浓度降低，对细菌的抑制效果降低，逐步失去保存标本的功能。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于，提供一种标本保存液及其制作方法。所述保存液不含甲醛，挥发慢，无刺激性气味，毒性很低，安全性高，不会污染实验环境，保存效果好，较长时间保存不会发生霉变，标本质地柔软，且色泽好。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案实现：一种标本保存液，按重量份计算，主要由山梨酸钾0.01-5份、工业乙醇1-30份、甘油0.01-8份、50％戊二醛0.01-8份和水60-100份制成。
前述的标本保存液，按重量份计算，主要由山梨酸钾0.1-1份、工业乙醇10-20份、甘油0.5-1.5份、50％戊二醛0.5-1.5份和水70-90份制成。
前述的标本保存液，按重量份计算，主要由山梨酸钾0.25-0.75份、工业乙醇12-18份、甘油0.8-1.2份、50％戊二醛0.8-1.2份和水75-85份制成。
前所述的标本保存液，按重量份计算，主要由山梨酸钾0.5份、工业乙醇15份％、甘油1份、50％戊二醛1份和水82.5份制成。
一种前述的标本保存液的制作方法，取上述原料，混匀，即得。
本发明所述标本保存液主要由山梨酸钾、工业乙醇、甘油、50％戊二醛和水制成，其中，山梨酸钾(学名己二烯-(2，4)-酸钾；2,4-己二烯酸钾)，是无色至白色鳞片状结晶或结晶性粉末，无臭或稍有臭味。有很强的抑制腐败菌和霉菌作用，并因毒性远比其他防腐剂为低，故已成为世界上最主要的防腐剂。在酸性条件下能充分发挥防腐作用，中性时作用甚低。山梨酸(钾)能有效地抑制霉菌，酵母菌和好氧性细菌的活性，还能防止肉毒杆菌、葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌等有害微生物的生长和繁殖，但对厌氧性芽孢菌与嗜酸乳杆菌等有益微生物几乎无效，其抑止发育的作用比杀菌作用更强，从而达到有效地延长食品的保存时间，并保持原有食品的风味。其防腐效果是同类产品苯甲酸钠的5-10倍。工业乙醇一般为无色透明液体，易燃易挥发，略带酒的芳香气味。工业乙醇溶于水、甲醇、乙醚和氯仿。能溶解许多有机物和若干无机物。具有吸湿性，能与水形成共沸混合物。甘油是无色味甜澄明黏稠液体。无臭。有暖甜味。能从空气中吸收潮气，也能吸收硫化氢、氰化氢和二氧化硫。难溶于苯、氯仿、四氯化碳、二硫化碳、石油醚和油类。气相色谱固定液(最高使用温度75℃，溶剂为甲醇)，分离分析低沸点含氧化合物、胺类化合物、氮或氧杂环化合物，能完全分离3-甲基吡啶(沸点144.14℃)和4-甲基吡啶(沸点145.36℃)，适用于水溶液的分析、溶剂、气量计及水压机缓震液、软化剂、抗生素发酵用营养剂、干燥剂、润滑剂、制药工业、化妆品配制、有机合成、塑化剂。可与水以任何比例溶解，低浓度丙三醇溶液可做润滑油对皮肤进行滋润(开塞露)。戊二醛，分子式为C5H8O2，带有刺激性气味的无色透明油状液体，溶于热水。高浓度戊二醛对眼睛、皮肤和粘膜有强烈的刺激作用。戊二醛属高效消毒剂，具有广谱、高效、低毒、对金属腐蚀性小、受有机物影响小、稳定性好等特点。适用于医疗器械和耐湿忌热的精密仪器的消毒与灭菌。
与现有技术相比，本发明采用上述原料制成保存液，保存液不含甲醛，挥发慢，无刺激性气味，毒性很低，安全性高，不会污染实验环境，保存效果好，较长时间保存不会发生霉变，标本质地柔软，色泽好，达到了发明目的。
申请人进行了下列实验，可证明本发明具有有效的效果；
实验例1甲醛含量检测
1检测项目
1.1保存液1：本发明标本保存液，按实施例1进行制作。
1.2保存液2：市售5％福尔马林保存液。
2检测方法
分别取保存液1和保存液2，于第2周、第4周、第8周和第12周对保存液1和保存液2中甲醛的含量进行检测，记录检测值，结果见表1.
表1甲醛检测值单位：mg/m3
由表可知，本发明标准保存液中不含甲醛，故对人体无危害，也不会污染实验室环境。
实验例2保存效果考察
1考察项目
1.1保存液1：本发明标本保存液，按实施例1进行制作。
1.2保存液2：市售5％福尔马林保存液。
2考察方法
分别取保存液1和保存液2，取同批标本，分别用保存液1和保存液2将标本淹没，分别于6个月和12个月后开盖观察，结果如表2和表3.
表26个月后开盖观察结果
表312个月后开盖观察结果
由表2和表3可知，本发明保存液放置6个月和12个月后标本色泽较淡，接近肤色，即标本色泽好，无霉变，无气味，湿度高达92％，液面下降较少仅下降2-4mm，故挥发慢，且标本质地柔软，而市售5％福尔马林保存液则易发生颜色变化，色泽较深，为深褐色，即标本发生了较大的色变，还发生了霉变，湿度较低，仅有56％，有刺激性气味，液面下降高达10mm，且标本质地偏硬。
实验例3抑菌效果考察
1检测项目
1.1保存液1：本发明标本保存液，按实施例1进行制作。
1.2保存液2：市售5％福尔马林保存液。
2检测方法
分别取保存液1和保存液2，制成相同浓度的悬浊液，检测其对常见的四种细菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌)的抑制效果，计算抑制率，结果见表4.
表4对常见的四种细菌的抑制率
由表可知，本发保存液对常见四种细菌的抑制效果较好，抑制率高达99.60％以上。
下面结合实施例对发明作进一步的说明，但并不作为对本发明限制的依据。
具体实施方式：
实施例1.
配方：山梨酸钾0.5g、工业乙醇15g％、甘油1g、50％戊二醛1g和水82.5g。
工艺：取上述原料，混匀，即得。
实施例2.
配方：山梨酸钾0.75g、工业乙醇18g、甘油1.2g、50％戊二醛1.2g和水85g。
工艺：取上述原料，混匀，即得。
实施例3.
配方：山梨酸钾0.25g、工业乙醇12g、甘油0.8g、50％戊二醛0.8g和水80g。
工艺：取上述原料，混匀，即得。
Claims (5)
1.一种标本保存液，其特征在于：按重量份计算，主要由山梨酸钾0.01-5份、工业乙醇1-30份、甘油0.01-8份、50％戊二醛0.01-8份和水60-100份制成。
2.如权利要求1所述的标本保存液，其特征在于：按重量份计算，主要由山梨酸钾0.1-1份、工业乙醇10-20份、甘油0.5-1.5份、50％戊二醛0.5-1.5份和水70-90份制成。
3.如权利要求2所述的标本保存液，其特征在于：按重量份计算，主要由山梨酸钾0.25-0.75份、工业乙醇12-18份、甘油0.8-1.2份、50％戊二醛0.8-1.2份和水75-85份制成。
4.如权利要求3所述的标本保存液，其特征在于：按重量份计算，主要由山梨酸钾0.5份、工业乙醇15份％、甘油1份、50％戊二醛1份和水82.5份制成。
5.一种如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的标本保存液的制作方法，其特征在于：取上述原料，混匀，即得。
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| CN107183004A (zh) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-22 | 上海于泽生物科技有限公司 | 一种解剖标本防腐保存液 |
| CN109042621A (zh) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-21 | 张炳强 | 一种大体标本专用短期防腐液及其制备方法 |
| CN109169634A (zh) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-11 | 内蒙古科技大学包头医学院 | 人体解剖学内脏标本的保存液 |
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| CN104904706A (zh) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-09-16 | 青岛农业大学 | 一种无甲醛动物标本固定液及其制备方法 |
| CN105052891A (zh) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-11-18 | 内蒙古科技大学包头医学院 | 解剖学内脏标本的长期保存方法 |
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| CN104904706A (zh) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-09-16 | 青岛农业大学 | 一种无甲醛动物标本固定液及其制备方法 |
| CN105052891A (zh) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-11-18 | 内蒙古科技大学包头医学院 | 解剖学内脏标本的长期保存方法 |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107183004A (zh) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-22 | 上海于泽生物科技有限公司 | 一种解剖标本防腐保存液 |
| CN109042621A (zh) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-21 | 张炳强 | 一种大体标本专用短期防腐液及其制备方法 |
| CN109169634A (zh) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-11 | 内蒙古科技大学包头医学院 | 人体解剖学内脏标本的保存液 |
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