CN105340118B - 卷型电极组件及包含其的二次电池 - Google Patents
卷型电极组件及包含其的二次电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105340118B CN105340118B CN201480034287.8A CN201480034287A CN105340118B CN 105340118 B CN105340118 B CN 105340118B CN 201480034287 A CN201480034287 A CN 201480034287A CN 105340118 B CN105340118 B CN 105340118B
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明公开了卷型电极组件和包含该卷型电极组件的二次电池,所述卷型电极组件包含折叠在一起的第一电极、第二电极和置于电极之间的隔膜,其中所述第一电极具有未涂布部和连接在所述未涂布部上的第一电极极耳,所述未涂布部表示第一电极的未被活性材料涂布的一部分,且将至少双折叠层的隔膜置于所述第一电极极耳与所述第二电极之间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及卷型电极组件及包含其的二次电池,更具体地,本发明涉及如下的卷型电极组件及包含其的二次电池,所述卷型电极组件具有提高的安全性,用于防止因在高倍率放电期间由正极或负极极耳生成的热导致的隔膜损坏或两个电极之间的短路。
本申请要求2013年11月12日在韩国提交的韩国专利申请10-2013-0137083号的优先权,并通过引用将其公开内容并入本文中。
另外,本申请要求2014年11月12日在韩国提交的韩国专利申请10-2014-0157429号的优先权,并通过引用将其公开内容并入本文中。
背景技术
近来,对储能技术的关注日益增加。随着储能技术的应用领域已扩大到移动电话、便携式摄像机、便携式计算机甚至是电动车辆,正在努力增大对电化学装置的研究和开发。在这一方面,电化学装置受到了最多的关注。其中,可充电二次电池的开发受到了特别关注。近年来,为了提高电池的容量密度和比能量,已经进行了深入的研究和开发以设计新型电极和电池。
在目前可用的二次电池中,开发于90年代早期的锂二次电池因其比使用水性电解液的传统电池诸如Ni-MH电池、Ni-Cd电池、H2SO4-Pb电池等更高的工作电压和高得多的能量密度的优点而受到了大量关注。
通常,如下设计锂二次电池,使得将由正极、负极和置于正极与负极之间的隔膜组成的堆叠或折叠结构的单元电池埋入由金属罐或层压片制成的电池壳中,然后向电池壳中注入或倒入电解液。
基于其结构,将构成二次电池的正极/隔膜/负极结构的电极组件大体分为卷型(折叠型)电极组件和堆叠型电极组件。通过在隔膜置于正极与负极之间的条件下将涂布有活性材料的长片型正极和负极进行折叠而制造折叠型电极组件(卷绕),且通过在隔膜置于正极与负极之间的条件下以顺序次序将具有预定尺寸的多个正极和负极进行堆叠而制造堆叠型电极组件。卷型电极组件具有易于制造和每单位重量能量密度高的优点。
具有卷型电极组件的二次电池不仅会因为在高倍率放电期间由电极极耳特别是负极极耳所生成的热而导致的隔膜的收缩而使得隔膜受损,而且还会因为电极活性材料与隔膜在半熔融状态下的粘附而使得隔膜受损。结果,由于在卷型电极组件中的负极与正极之间的接触而导致将会发生短路的可能性高。
因此,为了解决所述问题,仍然需要开发如下的卷型电极组件及包含其的二次电池,所述卷型电极组件具有防止因电极极耳生成的热而导致的正极与负极之间短路的提高的稳定性。
发明内容
技术问题
本公开旨在提供具有提高的稳定性的卷型电极组件及包含其的二次电池。
技术方案
为了实现以上目的,根据本发明的一方面,提供包含折叠在一起的第一电极、第二电极和置于电极之间的隔膜的卷型电极组件,其中所述第一电极具有未涂布部和连接在所述未涂布部上的第一电极极耳,所述未涂布部表示第一电极的未被活性材料涂布的一部分,且将至少双折叠层的隔膜置于所述第一电极极耳与所述第二电极之间。
可以将所述第一电极极耳布置在所述第一电极的两个端部和所述第一电极的中间部中的至少一个上。
第一电极可以为负极且第二电极可以为正极,或者第一电极可以为正极且第二电极可以为负极。
可以从中心部按顺序放置隔膜/第一电极极耳/第一电极/隔膜/隔膜/第一电极/隔膜/第二电极,从而对卷型电极组件进行折叠。
隔膜可以包含多孔聚合物基材,或可以包含多孔聚合物基材和在多孔聚合物基材的至少一个表面上形成的多孔涂层,所述多孔涂层包含无机粒子和有机粒子中的至少一种粒子和粘合剂聚合物。
多孔聚合物基材可以为多孔聚合物膜基材或多孔聚合物非织造基材。
多孔聚合物膜基材可以为聚烯烃类多孔聚合物膜基材。
聚烯烃类多孔聚合物膜基材可以由如下形成:聚乙烯;聚丙烯;聚丁烯;聚戊烯;聚己烯;聚辛烯;乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、戊烯、4-甲基戊烯、己烯和辛烯中的至少两种的共聚物;或它们的混合物。
聚烯烃类多孔基材可以由选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯和聚戊烯中的任意一种聚合物形成。
为了实现所述目的,根据本发明的另一方面,提供包含卷型电极组件和接收所述卷型电极组件的壳的二次电池。
所述壳可以为圆筒形、棱柱形或袋形。
二次电池可以为圆筒形二次电池,其还包含由圆筒形罐制成的壳,联接到圆筒形罐的顶部开口以密封所述罐的盖组件,以及插入罐与盖组件之间的垫圈。
盖组件可以包含形成正极端子的顶盖,和置于顶盖之下的安全性弯曲件,其具有与垫圈接触的另一个表面的一部分,且电连接至电极组件。
盖组件还可以包含置于顶盖与安全性弯曲件之间的正温度系数(PTC)装置。
有益效果
根据本发明的示例性实施方案,提供如下的卷型电极组件及包含其的二次电池,所述卷型电极组件具有提高的安全性,防止因在高倍率放电期间由正极或负极极耳生成的热而导致的隔膜损坏或两电极之间的短路。
也就是说,根据本发明的示例性实施方案,将至少两个折叠层的隔膜和第一电极置于第一电极极耳与第二电极之间,以阻止由第一电极极耳生成的热传输到与第一电极极耳接触的隔膜,并且防止因全部所述至少两个折叠层的隔膜的损坏而导致的第一电极与第二电极之间的直接接触。
另外,即使包围第一电极极耳的隔膜因由外力诸如冲击或压缩造成的机械损坏而破裂,在所述至少两个折叠层的隔膜和围绕第一电极极耳的第一电极存在的情况下,根据本发明的示例性实施方案的卷型电极组件也可以阻碍第一电极与第二电极之间的接触。
附图说明
附图说明本公开的优选实施方式并且与前述公开一起用于提供对本公开的技术主旨的进一步理解,因此本公开不解释为限于所述附图。
图1为卷型电极组件的横截面图。
图2为根据现有技术的卷型电极组件的中心部的详细图。
图3为根据本发明的示例性实施方案的卷型电极组件的中心部的详细图。
图4和图5为具有根据本发明的示例性实施方案的卷型电极组件的圆筒形二次电池的横截面图。
具体实施方式
下文中,将参照附图对本公开进行详细说明。在说明前应理解,在说明书和附属权利要求书中使用的术语不应解释为普通和字典的意思,而应该在允许发明人为了最好的解释而适当地定义术语的原则的基础上,基于对应于本公开的技术方面的意思和概念进行解释。
另外,在此提出的描述只是仅用于说明目的的优选实施例,不是为了限制公开的范围,因此应该理解,在不背离公开的主旨和范围的条件下可以完成其它等价和修改。
通常,通过将正极、负极和隔膜进行堆叠和折叠来制造在例如现有技术的圆筒形电池中使用的卷型电极组件。在图1中示出了这种电极组件。
参照图1,通过折叠制造的卷型电极组件100具有第一电极、第二电极和置于所述电极之间的隔膜的折叠堆叠结构110,折叠的卷型电极组件具有连接至第一电极的一处以上未涂布部(未示出),即未被第一电极活性材料涂布的部分的第一电极极耳130,和连接至第二电极的一处以上未涂布部(未示出)的第二电极极耳120。
近来,随着二次电池在混合动力车辆(HV)、电动车辆(EV)或储能中的应用,需要在大容量环境中使用二次电池,因此二次电池在尺寸和容量方面持续增加。
充放电通过在二次电池中的电化学反应而持续重复发生,因此在大容量二次电池的情况下,在充放电期间的热生成显著增加。
具体地,参照说明现有技术的卷型电极组件200的图2,在高倍率放电期间从第一电极极耳240生成热,并且因该热生成现象,与第一电极极耳相邻的隔膜230收缩并被损坏,结果由于第一电极220与第二电极210之间的接触而导致在卷型电极组件200中发生短路。
为了解决该问题,根据本发明的一方面,提供包含折叠在一起的第一电极、第二电极和置于电极之间的隔膜的卷型电极组件,其中所述第一电极具有未被活性材料涂布的一部分(下文中称为未涂布部)和连接在所述未涂布部的第一电极极耳,且将至少两个折叠层的隔膜置于所述第一电极极耳与所述第二电极之间。
参照图3,示出根据本发明的示例性实施方案的卷型电极组件。也就是说,卷型电极组件300包含折叠在一起的第一电极320、第二电极310和置于电极之间的隔膜330,其中将在第一电极未涂布部(未示出)上形成的第一电极极耳340设置在折叠的卷型电极组件的中心部,且将所述至少两个折叠层的隔膜置于第一电极极耳340与第二电极310之间。
相反,在第一电极极耳/第一电极/隔膜/第二电极以顺序次序放置的条件下对如在图2中示出的根据现有技术的卷型电极组件进行折叠,当第一电极极耳产生热量时,仅单层的隔膜被置于第一电极与第二电极之间,所述第一电极具有连接至其的第一电极极耳。结果,当由第一电极极耳产生的热量进行传输时,单层的隔膜因热而收缩,并且当热量持续进行传输或热量达到高温时,隔膜最终被损坏并且不能发挥防止第一电极与第二电极之间直接接触的功能,导致第一电极与第二电极之间的短路现象。
然而,在第一电极极耳/第一电极/隔膜/隔膜/第一电极/隔膜/第二电极从中心部以顺序次序放置的条件下对如在图3中示出的根据本发明的示例性实施方案的卷型电极组件进行折叠。因为将所述至少两个折叠层的隔膜和第一电极置于第一电极极耳与第二电极之间,所以所述卷型电极组件的特征在于:借助于所述至少两个折叠层的隔膜和第一电极,所述电极组件具有有效地阻挡由第一电极极耳产生的热量的结构,显著地减少全部所述至少两个折叠层的隔膜损坏的可能性,由此从根本上防止第一电极与第二电极之间的直接接触。
另外,当围绕第一电极极耳的隔膜因由外力如冲击或压缩造成的具有卷型电极组件的二次电池的机械损坏而破裂时,在所述至少两个折叠层的隔膜和围绕第一电极极耳的第一电极存在的情况下,根据本发明的示例性实施方案的卷型电极组件可以阻碍第一电极与第二电极之间的接触。
第一电极极耳可以连接到未涂布部(即第一电极的未被电极活性材料涂布的一部分),且第一电极可以具有至少一处未涂布部。例如,可以将未涂布部设置在第一电极的两个端部和在两个端部之间的任意中间部中的至少一个上。结果,可能会存在至少一个与未涂布部的数目相对应的第一电极极耳。
也就是说,根据本发明的示例性实施方案的卷型电极组件可以具有布置在如图3中所示电极组件的中心部处,以及折叠的电极组件的外部或在中心部与外部之间的任意中间部处的第一电极极耳,在这种情况下,可以将所述至少两个折叠层的隔膜置于第一电极极耳与离第一电极极耳最近的第二电极之间。
在这种情况下,隔膜可以包含多孔聚合物基材,或可以包含多孔聚合物基材和在多孔聚合物基材的至少一个表面上形成的多孔涂层,多孔涂层包含无机粒子和有机粒子中的至少一种粒子和粘合剂聚合物。
多孔聚合物基材可以采用多孔聚合物膜基材或多孔聚合物非织造基材。作为多孔聚合物膜基材,可以使用聚烯烃类多孔聚合物膜基材,所述聚烯烃多孔膜基材不限于特定的类型,只要其为在本领域中通常使用的即可,且可以包括但不限于例如聚乙烯诸如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE);聚丙烯;聚丁烯;聚戊烯;聚己烯;聚辛烯;乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、戊烯、4-甲基戊烯、己烯和辛烯中的至少两种的共聚物;或它们的混合物。聚烯烃多孔聚合物膜基材在例如80℃~130℃的温度下具有关闭功能。
另外,可以使用包括聚酯以及聚烯烃的各种聚合物制造多孔聚合物膜基材。另外,可以以至少两个膜层的堆叠结构形成多孔聚合物膜基材,可以由如上所述的聚合物例如聚烯烃和聚酯单独或以组合方式形成各个膜层。
从如下纤维可以制造多孔聚合物非织造基材,所述纤维使用包括如上所述的聚烯烃类聚合物的聚合物或其他具有更高耐热性的聚合物例如聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。可以由纤维单独或以组合方式制造多孔聚合物非织造基材。
可以基于期望的目的对多孔聚合物膜基材的材料或形状进行不同选择。
对多孔聚合物基材的厚度没有特别限制,但优选厚度为1μm~100μm,更优选5μm~50μm,并且对多孔聚合物基材的孔径和孔隙率没有特别限制,但孔径和孔隙率分别优选为0.01μm~50μm和10%~95%。
另外,隔膜还可以包含在多孔聚合物基材的至少一个表面上形成的多孔涂层。
多孔涂层包含无机粒子和有机粒子中的至少一种粒子和粘合剂聚合物,具体地,当填充粒子并且粒子相互接触时,在这种状态下,粒子通过粘合剂聚合物相互结合,从而在粒子之间形成间隙体积,并且在粒子之间的间隙体积变成空隙空间以形成孔。
也就是说,粘合剂聚合物使粒子相互粘附以维持粒子的结合状态,例如粘合剂聚合物连接并保持粒子。另外,多孔涂层的孔是利用形成空隙的粒子之间的间隙体积形成的孔,这是由如下粒子所形成的空间,所述粒子基本上以粒子的密排(closed packed)或密堆(densely packed)结构进行表面接触。利用稍后要注入的电解液填充这样的孔结构,填充的电解液可以通过多孔涂层的孔提供电池工作所必需的锂离子的移动用通道。
多孔涂层的厚度没有特别限制,但可以为0.01μm~20μm,孔径和孔隙率没有特别限制,但孔径可以为0.001μm~10μm,且孔隙率可以为10%~99%。孔径和孔隙率主要取决于所用粒子的尺寸,当使用例如粒径为小于或等于1μm的粒子时,得到的孔显示约1μm以下的尺寸。
无机粒子没有特别限制,只要其电化学稳定即可。也就是说,可能用于本发明的无机粒子没有特别限制,只要其在所应用的电化学装置的工作电压范围内(例如对Li/Li+为0~5V)不引起氧化和/或还原反应即可。特别地,当使用能够传输离子的无机粒子时,电化学装置中的离子电导率增加,有助于性能提高。另外,当将具有高介电常数的无机粒子用作所述无机粒子时,这种无机粒子可以有助于电解质盐例如锂盐在液体电解质中的离解度的增加,且可以提高电解液的离子电导率。
作为非限制性实例,无机粒子包括具有大于或等于5、优选大于或等于10的高介电常数的无机粒子,能够传输锂离子的无机粒子,或其混合物。
作为非限制性实例,介电常数大于或等于5的无机粒子包括BaTiO3、Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(PZT)、Pb1-xLaxZr1-yTiyO3(PLZT)、PB(Mg3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3(PMN-PT)、二氧化铪(HfO2)、SrTiO3、SnO2、CeO2、MgO、NiO、CaO、ZnO、ZrO2、Y2O3、Al2O3、TiO2、SiC或其混合物。
在说明书中,‘能够传输锂离子的无机粒子’指的是包含锂原子且具有传输锂离子但不储存锂的功能的无机粒子,作为非限制性实例,能够传输锂离子的无机粒子包括磷酸锂(Li3PO4)、磷酸钛锂(LixTiy(PO4)3,0<x<2,0<y<3)、磷酸钛铝锂(LixAlyTiz(PO4)3,0<x<2,0<y<1,0<z<3)、(LiAlTiP)xOy类玻璃(0<x<4,0<y<13)如14Li2O-9Al2O3-38TiO2-39P2O5、钛酸镧锂(LixLayTiO3,0<x<2,0<y<3)、硫代磷酸锗锂(LixGeyPzSw,0<x<4,0<y<1,0<z<1,0<w<5)如Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4、氮化锂(LixNy,0<x<4,0<y<2)如Li3N、SiS2类玻璃(LixSiySz,0<x<3,0<y<2,0<z<4)如Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2、P2S5类玻璃(LixPySz,0<x<3,0<y<3,0<z<7)如LiI-Li2S-P2S5或其混合物。
无机粒子在透气性、热收缩特性和剥离强度方面是有利的,且在与粘合剂聚合物的粘合方面是优异的。
作为非限制性实例,有机粒子可以包括由诸如如下的各种聚合物制成的粒子:聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、三聚氰胺类树脂、酚类树脂、纤维素、改性纤维素(羧甲基纤维素)、聚丙烯、聚酯(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)、聚苯硫醚、聚芳酰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺和丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸乙酯的交联聚合物)。有机粒子可以由至少两种聚合物制成。
无机粒子或有机粒子的尺寸没有限制,但各自可以独立地为0.001μm~10μm以形成具有均一厚度且具有合适孔隙率的涂层。
粘合剂聚合物不限于特定的类型,只要其起到连接无机粒子或有机粒子且稳定地保持它们的作用即可,并且作为非限制性实例可以单独或以组合方式包括聚偏二氟乙烯-共-六氟丙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯-共-三氯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酸丁酯、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯-共-乙酸乙烯酯、聚环氧乙烷、乙酸纤维素、乙酸丁酸纤维素、乙酸丙酸纤维素、氰乙基普鲁兰多糖(cyanoethylpullulan)、氰乙基聚乙烯醇(cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol)、氰乙基纤维素、氰乙基蔗糖(cyanoethylsucrose)、普鲁兰多糖、羧甲基纤维素、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物和聚酰亚胺。
基于重量,粒子与粘合剂聚合物的组成比可以为例如50:50~99:1,或70:30~95:5。当粒子对粘合剂聚合物的含量过低时,隔膜的热安全性的改善可能会降低,并且由于粒子之间间隙体积的形成不足,孔径和孔隙率降低,导致最终电池性能降低。相反,当粒子对粘合剂聚合物的含量过高时,多孔涂层的耐剥离性可能会降低。
通过在多孔聚合物基材的至少一个表面上涂布浆料,随后进行干燥可以形成多孔涂层,所述浆料不仅包含如上所述的粒子和粘合剂,而且还包含用于均匀地分散它们的溶剂。在这种情况下,可用的溶剂的非限制性实例可以包括丙酮、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、氯仿、二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)、环己烷、水或其混合物。
通过如下制造卷型电极组件:在顺序次序放置第一电极极耳/隔膜的条件下形成隔膜/第一电极的堆叠结构,在堆叠结构上远离堆叠结构的一端的内部堆叠第二电极,且在所述至少两个折叠层的隔膜在如上所述的第一电极极耳与第二电极之间缠绕的条件下对它们进行折叠。
在这种情况下,第一电极可以为负极且第二电极可以为正极,且第一电极可以为正极且第二电极可以为负极。在实践中,在高倍率放电期间由电极极耳产生热量,特别是在电池的内部成份中,具有尤其高阻抗的负极极耳生成绝大多数热量。因此,需要对电极极耳,尤其更重要的是对负极极耳的热生成问题进行控制,但这一问题不一定要限于负极极耳,热生成现象在正极极耳中仍然成为问题。
对正极和负极两者均无特别限制,且通过经由本领域中众所周知的方法将电极活性材料粘合至电极集电器,从而可以制造电极。
在电极活性材料中,作为非限制性实例,正极活性材料包括在电化学装置的正极中常用的普通正极活性材料,特别地,优选使用锂锰氧化物、锂钴氧化物、锂镍氧化物、锂铁氧化物或其锂复合氧化物。
作为非限制性实例,负极活性材料包括在电化学装置的负极中常用的普通负极活性材料,特别地,优选锂吸附材料诸如锂金属或锂合金、碳、石油焦、活性炭、石墨或其它碳。正极集电器的非限制性实例包括由铝、镍或其组合制成的箔,负极集电器的非限制性实例包括由铜、金、镍或铜合金或其组合制成的箔。
根据本发明的一方面,提供二次电池,所述二次电池包含所述卷型电极组件;和接收所述卷型电极组件的壳。
壳不限于特定的形状,且可以具有设计为接收卷型电极组件的任意形状,例如可以使用圆筒形、棱柱形或袋形。结果,基于其中接收卷型电极组件的壳的形状,卷型电极组件可以形成为具有圆形或椭圆形横截面。
盖组件可以包含形成正极端子的顶盖;和置于顶盖之下的安全性弯曲件,其具有与垫圈接触的另一个表面的一部分,所述安全性弯曲件电连接至电极组件。另外,盖组件还可以包含置于顶盖与安全性弯曲件之间的正温度系数(PTC)装置。
图4和5为根据本发明的示例性实施方案的二次电池、具体为圆筒形二次电池的横截面图。
参照图4,根据本发明的示例性实施方案的圆筒形二次电池包含电池罐420、在电池罐420中接收的卷型电极组件430、联接至电池罐420的顶部的盖组件410、设置在电池罐420的前端以安装盖组件410的卷边部(beading part)440和用于密封电池的翻边部(crimping part)450。
电极组件430具有如下结构:其中在隔膜置于正极与负极之间的条件下以卷绕形式对正极和负极进行折叠,且正极具有连接的正极引线431以连接至盖组件410,负极具有连接的负极引线(未示出)以连接至电池罐420的底部。
盖组件410具有以顺序次序将如下的一个放在另一个顶部的堆叠结构:形成正极端子的顶盖411、在电池中的压力升高时中断电流和/或排出气体的安全性弯曲件412、使安全性弯曲件412与电流中断装置414除特定区域以外电绝缘的绝缘构件413以及与连接至正极的正极引线431连接的电流中断装置414。另外,盖组件410配备有垫圈415,在这种状态下,盖组件410被安装在电池罐420的卷边部440上。因此,在正常工作条件下,通过正极引线431、电流中断构件414和安全性弯曲件412将电极组件430的正极连接至顶盖411以允许导电。
另外,参照图5,根据本发明的示例性实施方案的圆筒形二次电池包含卷型电极组件510、接收卷型电极组件510的电池罐520、联接至电池罐520的顶部开口以密封电池罐的盖组件530和置于电池罐与盖组件之间的垫圈560。
另外,可以将中心销550插入电极组件的中心。将中心销插入核心中以在试图以卷绕形式折叠电极组件时允许更容易的折叠,且起到固定和支撑电极组件的作用。
中心销可以由钢金属诸如不锈钢(SUS)制成以给予预定的刚度,目的是在将外部冲击诸如坠落或压缩施加至电池时防止中空内部结构的变形,所述中心销可以由柔性金属、金属氧化物或聚合物制成。
因此,中心销可以由选自但不限于如下中的至少一种制成:不锈钢、铜、钽、钛、铝、铌、锌、锡、钽氧化物、钛氧化物、铝氧化物、铌氧化物、锌氧化物、锡氧化物、铜氧化物、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
中心销可以具有中空结构,在这种情况下,可以作为用于排出由二次电池的充放电和工作期间的内部反应生成的气体的通道。
在这种情况下,为了安装盖组件530,配备设置在电池罐520的前端的卷边部540和用于密封电池的翻边部541。
卷型电极组件510具有如下结构:其中在隔膜513置于正极与负极之间的条件下以卷绕形式对正极511和负极512进行折叠,且通常正极511具有连接的正极引线511a以连接至盖组件530,且负极512具有连接的负极引线512a以连接至电池罐520的底部。
另外,盖组件530具有顶盖,其密封电池罐的开口以及形成正极端子;PTC装置580,其借助于在电池中的温度升高时增加的阻抗来中断电流且布置为与顶盖接触;和安全性弯曲件590,其在电池中的压力升高时中断电流和排出气体,所述安全性弯曲件590布置为使得一个表面与PTC装置接触且另一个表面的一部分与垫圈接触,并且电连接至电极组件。另外,盖组件530还可以具有与正极极耳511a连接的电流中断装置600。盖组件530被固定在电池罐520的顶部的开口中,且被安装在电池罐520的卷边部540上。
在电池罐520内部,接收卷型电极组件510和电解液(未示出)。
在本发明的电极组件中可使用的电解液可以为其中将盐溶解或离解在有机溶剂中的电解液,所述盐具有由例如A+B-表示的结构,其中A+为碱金属阳离子诸如Li+、Na+、K+或其组合,B-为阴离子诸如PF6 -、BF4 -、Cl-、Br-、I-、ClO4 -、AsF6 -、CH3CO2 -、CF3SO3 -、N(CF3SO2)2 -、C(CF2SO2)3 -或其组合,且有机溶剂包括但不限于碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二丙酯(DPC)、二甲亚砜、乙腈、二甲氧基乙烷、二乙氧基乙烷、四氢呋喃、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、γ-丁内酯,或它们的混合物。基于最终产品的制造过程和需要的物理性质,可以在电池制造过程的任意适当的步骤中实施电解液的倒入。也就是说,可以在电池组装前或在电池组装的最终步骤中实施电解液的倒入。
附图标记
100、200、300、430、510:卷型电极组件
110:第一电极、第二电极和置于电极之间的隔膜的堆叠结构
120:第二电极极耳
130、240、340:第一电极极耳
210、310:第二电极
220、320:第一电极
230、330:隔膜
420、520:电池罐
410、530:盖组件
411:顶盖
412、590:安全性弯曲件
414、600:电流中断装置
413:绝缘构件
414:电流中断构件
415、560:垫圈
431:正极引线
440、540:卷边部
450、541:翻边部
511:正极
511a:正极极耳
512:负极
512a:负极极耳
550:中心销
580:PTC装置
Claims (12)
1.一种卷型电极组件,所述卷型电极组件包含折叠在一起的第一电极、第二电极和置于电极之间的隔膜,
其中所述第一电极具有未涂布部和连接在所述未涂布部上的第一电极极耳,所述未涂布部表示第一电极的未被活性材料涂布的一部分,所述第一电极极耳置于卷型电极组件的中心部和卷型电极组件的外部,且配置所述隔膜使得将至少双折叠层的隔膜置于所述第一电极极耳与离所述第一电极极耳最近的所述第二电极之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的卷型电极组件,其中所述第一电极为负极,且所述第二电极为正极。
3.根据权利要求1所述的卷型电极组件,其中所述第一电极为正极,且所述第二电极为负极。
4.根据权利要求1所述的卷型电极组件,其中所述隔膜包含多孔聚合物基材,或包含多孔聚合物基材和在所述多孔聚合物基材的至少一个表面上形成的多孔涂层,所述多孔涂层包含无机粒子和有机粒子中的至少一种粒子和粘合剂聚合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的卷型电极组件,其中所述多孔聚合物基材为多孔聚合物膜基材或多孔聚合物非织造基材。
6.根据权利要求5所述的卷型电极组件,其中所述多孔聚合物膜基材为聚烯烃类多孔聚合物膜基材。
7.根据权利要求6所述的卷型电极组件,其中所述聚烯烃类多孔聚合物膜基材由如下形成:聚乙烯;聚丙烯;聚丁烯;聚戊烯;聚己烯;聚辛烯;乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、戊烯、4-甲基戊烯、己烯和辛烯中的至少两种的共聚物;或它们的混合物。
8.一种二次电池,所述二次电池包含:
权利要求1~7中任一项的卷型电极组件;和
接收所述卷型电极组件的壳。
9.根据权利要求8所述的二次电池,其中所述壳为圆筒形、棱柱形或袋形。
10.根据权利要求8所述的二次电池,其中所述二次电池为圆筒形二次电池,所述圆筒形二次电池还包含:
由圆筒形罐制成的壳,
联接到所述圆筒形罐的顶部开口以密封所述罐的盖组件,和
插入所述罐与所述盖组件之间的垫圈。
11.根据权利要求10所述的二次电池,其中所述盖组件包含:
形成正极端子的顶盖;和
置于所述顶盖之下的安全性弯曲件,所述安全性弯曲件具有与所述垫圈接触的另一个表面的一部分,且电连接至所述电极组件。
12.根据权利要求11所述的二次电池,其中所述盖组件还包含置于所述顶盖与所述安全性弯曲件之间的正温度系数(PTC)装置。
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