CN105334040A - Research test bed for fatigue strength and load spectra of proportional vehicle body under multi-point excitation load - Google Patents

Research test bed for fatigue strength and load spectra of proportional vehicle body under multi-point excitation load Download PDF

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CN105334040A
CN105334040A CN201510848738.8A CN201510848738A CN105334040A CN 105334040 A CN105334040 A CN 105334040A CN 201510848738 A CN201510848738 A CN 201510848738A CN 105334040 A CN105334040 A CN 105334040A
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car body
proportional
actuator
load
test bench
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缪炳荣
张卫华
谭仕发
史艳民
李旭娟
杨忠坤
王名月
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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Abstract

本发明公开一种多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,包括机械部分和电气部分,机械部分包括T型槽实验台、支撑装置、比例车体等;电气部分包括系统主控制器、伺服控制器等。比例车体通过支撑装置连接在T型槽实验台上,支撑装置空腔内设有二系簧垂向作动器,比例车体的两端分别设置设有纵向作动器、纵向减震器,比例车体的两侧分别设有横向作动器及横向减震器,T型槽实验台上布置四个作用于比例车体底板的下部垂向作动器,下部垂向作动器位于比例车体底部中间位置,比例车体顶部设置有顶部垂向作动器。本发明主要用于评估轨道交通车辆铝合金车体的疲劳强度,从而研究车体的疲劳破坏问题。

The invention discloses a test bench for researching fatigue strength and load spectrum of a proportional car body under multi-point excitation load, which includes a mechanical part and an electrical part. Main controller, servo controller, etc. The proportional car body is connected to the T-slot test bench through the supporting device. The secondary spring vertical actuator is installed in the cavity of the supporting device, and the two ends of the proportional car body are respectively equipped with a longitudinal actuator and a longitudinal shock absorber. , the two sides of the proportional car body are respectively provided with transverse actuators and transverse shock absorbers. Four lower vertical actuators acting on the floor of the proportional car body are arranged on the T-slot test bench. The lower vertical actuators are located at The middle position of the bottom of the proportional car body and the top vertical actuator are arranged on the top of the proportional car body. The invention is mainly used for evaluating the fatigue strength of the aluminum alloy car body of rail transit vehicles, so as to study the fatigue damage problem of the car body.

Description

多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台Test bench for fatigue strength and load spectrum research of proportional car body under multi-point excitation load

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及交通设备领域,尤其涉及一种多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台。The invention relates to the field of transportation equipment, in particular to a test bench for researching fatigue strength and load spectrum of a proportional car body under multi-point excitation loads.

背景技术Background technique

目前,铝合金等轻金属大量应用于轨道车辆的制造中,这主要是因为铝合金车体不仅质量轻,易于回收,而且可以满足车体轻量化的迫切需求。但轻量化的铝合金结构设计也存在着一些严重的缺点,比如抗疲劳特性差,在外界随机载荷的激励下容易导致结构疲劳失效。目前,国内外对车体的强度评估大多通过静载荷试验来进行强度评估,同时,现有1:1车体疲劳强度的实验成本过高,而且根据文献,可以发现车体强度试验台除了需要考虑垂向、横向和纵向载荷外,鲜有对车体顶部载荷和设备激振载荷的考虑。At present, light metals such as aluminum alloys are widely used in the manufacture of rail vehicles, mainly because aluminum alloy car bodies are not only light in weight and easy to recycle, but also can meet the urgent needs of lightweight car bodies. However, the lightweight aluminum alloy structure design also has some serious shortcomings, such as poor fatigue resistance, and it is easy to cause structural fatigue failure under the excitation of external random loads. At present, the strength evaluation of the car body at home and abroad is mostly carried out through the static load test. At the same time, the existing 1:1 test cost of the fatigue strength of the car body is too high, and according to the literature, it can be found that the car body strength test bench needs In addition to considering the vertical, lateral and longitudinal loads, there is little consideration of the top load of the car body and the excitation load of equipment.

我国《铁道车辆强度设计及试验鉴定规范》TB/T1335-1996标准规定车辆强度实验标准,规范提到,试验载荷应不小于基本作用载荷值但鉴定标准仍须按基本作用载荷换算,在鉴定强度时将换算应力值按照最大可能组合的原则予以合成。my country's "Railway Vehicle Strength Design and Test Appraisal Specification" TB/T1335-1996 standard stipulates the vehicle strength test standard. The specification mentions that the test load should not be less than the basic action load value, but the appraisal standard must still be converted according to the basic action load. In the appraisal strength The converted stress values will be synthesized according to the principle of the largest possible combination.

我国《铁道客车车体静强度实验方法》TB1806-2006标准规定:客车车体强度评定的标准式——第四强度理论;垂向载荷(包括静载荷和动载荷)、纵向载荷、扭转载荷、侧向力同时作用下,各测点的合成应力应不大于材料的需用应力。顶车载荷即车体承载结构的底架上施加相当于设备重量及整备重量的垂向载荷作用下,各测点的应力应不大于材料的屈服极限,顶车位及其附近结构不产生永久变形;事故载荷下,各测点的应力应不大于材料的屈服极限。my country's "Railway Passenger Car Body Static Strength Test Method" TB1806-2006 standard stipulates: the standard formula for passenger car body strength evaluation - the fourth strength theory; vertical load (including static load and dynamic load), longitudinal load, torsional load, Under the simultaneous action of lateral force, the combined stress at each measuring point shall not be greater than the required stress of the material. The jacking load means that under the action of a vertical load equivalent to the weight of the equipment and the weight of the curb on the underframe of the car body bearing structure, the stress at each measuring point should not be greater than the yield limit of the material, and the jacking space and its surrounding structures will not produce permanent deformation. ; Under the accident load, the stress at each measuring point should not be greater than the yield limit of the material.

我国《200km/h以上速度级铁道车辆强度设计及试验鉴定暂行规定》规定了车辆强度设计中,必要考虑的车辆基本作用载荷有垂向静载荷包括自重、载重和整备重量。其中车体结构自重和旅客(包括自带行李)重量按均布载荷作用在车体底架上;垂向动载荷由垂向静载荷乘以垂向动荷系数而定。垂向动载荷取为垂向静载荷的0.3倍,即垂向动荷系数取为0.3;纵向载荷包括车钩中心线高度上沿纵向作用力和动车牵引在处沿纵向作用的持在牵引力。my country's "Temporary Regulations on Strength Design and Test Appraisal of Railway Vehicles at Speeds Above 200km/h" stipulates that in vehicle strength design, the basic loads of vehicles that must be considered include vertical static loads, including self-weight, load and curb weight. Among them, the self-weight of the car body structure and the weight of passengers (including luggage) act on the underframe of the car body according to the uniform load; the vertical dynamic load is determined by multiplying the vertical static load by the vertical dynamic load coefficient. The vertical dynamic load is taken as 0.3 times of the vertical static load, that is, the vertical dynamic load coefficient is taken as 0.3; the longitudinal load includes the longitudinal force at the height of the center line of the coupler and the holding traction force acting along the longitudinal direction of the motor car traction.

我国《机车车体静强度试验规范》TB/T2541-2010标准规定了评价铁道车辆车体结构强度的静载荷试验方法。该标准中给出了多种载荷试验标准方法:垂直载荷试验、纵向压缩载荷试验、纵向拉伸载荷实验、扭转载荷试验等。在这些试验方法中,垂向载荷试验与疲劳强度直接相关,标准TB/T2541-2010中对于垂直载荷实验提到,垂直载荷试验的载荷为垂直试验载荷,垂直试验载荷的分布应按设备在机车上的布置情况而以分布载荷或集中载荷设置,其中车体自重应按均布载荷设置。垂直试验载荷可用油压装置加载,也可用砝码或重物加载。my country's "Code for Static Strength Test of Locomotive Carbody" TB/T2541-2010 standard stipulates the static load test method for evaluating the structural strength of railway vehicle carbody. The standard provides a variety of standard load test methods: vertical load test, longitudinal compression load test, longitudinal tensile load test, torsional load test, etc. Among these test methods, the vertical load test is directly related to the fatigue strength. As mentioned in the standard TB/T2541-2010 for the vertical load test, the load of the vertical load test is the vertical test load, and the distribution of the vertical test load should be according to the equipment in the locomotive. According to the arrangement on the vehicle, it should be set by distributed load or concentrated load, and the self-weight of the car body should be set according to the uniform load. The vertical test load can be loaded by an oil pressure device, or by weights or heavy objects.

《铁道车辆强度设计及试验鉴定规范》TB/T1335-1996标准、《200km/h以上速度级铁道车辆强度设计及试验鉴定暂行规定》和《机车车体静强度试验规范》TB/T2541-2010标准,均给出了静载荷实验标准,并没有给出疲劳强度实验标准,TB/T1335-1996标准中,规定鉴定强度时,须进行应力换算,垂向静载荷下的应力要考虑动载荷的影响,具体换算公式如下:TB/T1335-1996 "Specifications for Strength Design and Test Appraisal of Railway Vehicles", "Interim Provisions for Strength Design and Test Appraisal of Railway Vehicles at Speeds Above 200km/h" and "Standard Strength Test Specifications for Locomotive Cars" TB/T2541-2010 , both give the static load test standard, and do not give the fatigue strength test standard. In the TB/T1335-1996 standard, it is stipulated that when the strength is identified, the stress conversion must be carried out. The stress under the vertical static load should consider the influence of the dynamic load. , the specific conversion formula is as follows:

σd=σc(1+Kd)σ dc (1+K d )

其中σd为动应力,σc为静应力,Kd为动载荷系数。Among them, σ d is the dynamic stress, σ c is the static stress, and K d is the dynamic load coefficient.

日本JISE7105标准规定了评价铁道车辆车体结构强度的静载荷试验方法。垂向静载荷试验中,除了对应于乘客和设备质量的基本载荷,在车体地板上还要施加等效动载荷(两部分载荷用铁块均匀加载在车体底板),然后测量其应力和变形。从测得的应力中分离出静态应力部分和动态应力部分,根据部件疲劳试验结果绘出Goodman曲线图。再用Goodman曲线图来评价每个结构薄弱点发生疲劳破坏的可能性。The Japanese JISE7105 standard stipulates the static load test method for evaluating the structural strength of railway vehicles. In the vertical static load test, in addition to the basic load corresponding to the mass of passengers and equipment, an equivalent dynamic load (two parts of the load are evenly loaded on the floor of the car body with iron blocks) is applied on the car body floor, and then the stress and out of shape. The static stress part and the dynamic stress part are separated from the measured stress, and the Goodman curve is drawn according to the component fatigue test results. Then use the Goodman curve to evaluate the possibility of fatigue damage at each structural weak point.

《Railwayapplications-Structuralrequirementsofrailwayvehiclebodies》欧洲标准EN12663:2000规定了铁路车辆设计中需考虑的载荷工况包括垂向静载、垂向动载、气动牵引、整体起吊、纵向拉伸、纵向压缩、救援等。通常引起车体疲劳载荷包括加载、卸载循环,轨道不平顺激励,气动载荷和牵引制动载荷等。"Railway applications-Structural requirements of railway vehicle bodies" European standard EN12663:2000 stipulates that the load conditions to be considered in the design of railway vehicles include vertical static load, vertical dynamic load, pneumatic traction, integral lifting, longitudinal tension, longitudinal compression, rescue, etc. The fatigue loads that usually cause the car body include loading and unloading cycles, track irregularities, aerodynamic loads and traction braking loads.

上述几种规范中,都是通过静载荷实验结果评估车体强度,虽然用静载荷试验方法评价疲劳强度简单实用,但是静载荷试验可能发现不了一些潜在的裂纹。In the above-mentioned specifications, the strength of the car body is evaluated by the results of the static load test. Although it is simple and practical to evaluate the fatigue strength by the static load test method, some potential cracks may not be found in the static load test.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明旨在提供一种多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,公开了一种大型的试验装置来模拟真实的动态载荷,能够评估城市交通铝合金车体的疲劳强度,从而研究车体的疲劳破坏问题;利用三个方向的作动器提供激振力,可很好地模拟各方向的动载荷作用;通过高循环次数的激振力作用,致使比例车体产生裂纹,可以此找出疲劳裂纹位置,研究裂纹产生、裂纹扩展规律,并由数据采集仪器记录应力、加速度、位移时程。The present invention aims to provide a test bench for the fatigue strength and load spectrum research of proportional car bodies under multi-point excitation loads, and discloses a large-scale test device to simulate real dynamic loads, which can evaluate the fatigue strength of urban traffic aluminum alloy car bodies , so as to study the fatigue failure of the car body; using the actuators in three directions to provide exciting force, the dynamic load in each direction can be simulated well; Cracks can be used to find out the location of fatigue cracks, study the law of crack generation and crack propagation, and record the stress, acceleration and displacement time history by data acquisition instruments.

为达到上述目的,本发明是采用以下技术方案实现的:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

本发明公开一种多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,包括机械部分和电气部分,其特征在于:所述机械部分包括T型槽实验台、支撑装置、比例车体;所述比例车体通过支撑装置连接在T型槽实验台上,所述支撑装置包括支撑柱和橡胶空气弹簧,所述支撑柱包括空腔,支撑柱下端与T型槽实验台连接,支撑柱顶部连接橡胶空气弹簧,橡胶空气弹簧顶部连接比例车体的底板,二系簧垂向作动器置于支撑柱的空腔内,支撑柱上端面设有与空腔连通的激振孔;比例车体的两端分别设置设有纵向作动器、纵向减震器,比例车体的两侧分别设有横向作动器及横向减震器,所述T型槽实验台上布置四个作用于比例车体底板的下部垂向作动器,所述下部垂向作动器位于比例车体底部中间位置,比例车体顶部设置有顶部垂向作动器;所述电气部分包括安装在比例车体上的传感器,所述电气部分包括传感器,所述传感器连接数据采集仪器,所述数据采集仪器连接计算机,传感器包括加速度传感器、位移传感器和载荷传感器。The invention discloses a test bench for fatigue strength and load spectrum research of a proportional car body under multi-point excitation load, which includes a mechanical part and an electrical part, and is characterized in that the mechanical part includes a T-slot test bench, a supporting device, and a proportional car body The ratio car body is connected on the T-slot test bench through a support device, the support device includes a support column and a rubber air spring, the support column includes a cavity, the support column lower end is connected with the T-slot test bench, and the support The top of the column is connected to the rubber air spring, and the top of the rubber air spring is connected to the bottom plate of the proportional car body. The vertical actuator of the secondary spring is placed in the cavity of the support column, and the upper end of the support column is provided with an excitation hole connected with the cavity; The two ends of the proportional car body are respectively equipped with longitudinal actuators and longitudinal shock absorbers, and the two sides of the proportional car body are respectively equipped with transverse actuators and transverse shock absorbers. Four Acting on the lower vertical actuator of the bottom plate of the proportional car body, the lower vertical actuator is located in the middle of the bottom of the proportional car body, and the top of the proportional car body is provided with a top vertical actuator; the electrical part includes a The sensor on the proportional vehicle body, the electrical part includes a sensor, the sensor is connected to a data acquisition instrument, the data acquisition instrument is connected to a computer, and the sensor includes an acceleration sensor, a displacement sensor and a load sensor.

垂向作动器通过支撑柱上端的激振孔对橡胶空气弹簧施加激振力,激振力通过空气弹簧传递至车体,以模拟真实车体所受的来自二系簧的振动载荷。The vertical actuator exerts an exciting force on the rubber air spring through the exciting hole at the upper end of the support column, and the exciting force is transmitted to the car body through the air spring to simulate the vibration load from the secondary spring on the real car body.

纵向作动器和纵向减震器用于模拟列车牵引、制动过程对车体疲劳强度的影响,横向作动器和横向减震器用于模拟车体所受到的横向振动。The longitudinal actuator and longitudinal shock absorber are used to simulate the influence of train traction and braking process on the fatigue strength of the car body, and the transverse actuator and transverse shock absorber are used to simulate the lateral vibration suffered by the car body.

下部垂向作动器用于模拟列车运行过程中,通风机、主变压器、牵引变流器、废排装置等车下吊挂设备对车体疲劳强度的影响。The lower vertical actuator is used to simulate the influence of under-vehicle suspension equipment such as ventilators, main transformers, traction converters, and waste discharge devices on the fatigue strength of the train body during train operation.

顶部垂向作动器用于模拟空调、受电弓对车体疲劳强度的影响。The top vertical actuator is used to simulate the influence of air conditioner and pantograph on the fatigue strength of the car body.

传感器采集的信号可以用于载荷识别、裂纹识别等试验研究。The signal collected by the sensor can be used for load identification, crack identification and other experimental research.

优选的,所述机械部分还包括端部立柱、侧面立柱和顶部纵梁,所述端部立柱有两根,分别位于比例车体的两端,所述侧面立柱有4根,位于比例车体的两侧面,每一侧面两根,所述顶部纵梁位于比例车体的正上方,顶部纵梁的轴线方向与比例车体的轴线方向相同,顶部纵梁的侧面通过连接板与侧向立柱连接,所述连接板与顶部纵梁、侧向立柱均螺钉连接,以保证实验台架的稳定性,连接板采用薄板,方便侧向立柱位移后更换。Preferably, the mechanical part also includes end columns, side columns and top longitudinal beams, there are two end columns, which are respectively located at the two ends of the proportional vehicle body, and there are four side columns, which are located at the two ends of the proportional vehicle body. Two sides of each side, the top longitudinal beam is located directly above the proportional car body, the axial direction of the top longitudinal beam is the same as the axial direction of the proportional car body, the side of the top longitudinal beam is connected to the lateral column through the connecting plate Connection, the connecting plate is connected with the top longitudinal beam and the lateral column by screws to ensure the stability of the test bench, and the connecting plate is made of a thin plate to facilitate the replacement of the lateral column after displacement.

优选的,所述支撑柱通过螺栓固定在T型槽实验台上,所述T型槽实验台设有与支撑柱底部相适配的横向T型槽和纵向T型槽A激振支撑柱有4个,分别位于高速列车二系簧对应位置;4个支撑柱对应于实际转向架系统空簧位置处,橡胶空气弹簧弹簧起着与实际转向架系统二系悬挂同样的作用。Preferably, the support column is fixed on the T-slot test bench by bolts, and the T-slot test bench is provided with a transverse T-slot and a longitudinal T-slot A that is compatible with the bottom of the support column. 4, respectively located at the corresponding positions of the secondary springs of high-speed trains; the 4 support columns correspond to the positions of the empty springs of the actual bogie system, and the rubber air spring springs play the same role as the secondary suspension of the actual bogie system.

四个下部垂向作动器纵向排布,下部垂向作动器底部通过螺栓与T型槽试验台相连,所述T型槽试验台台面设置有与下部垂向作动器的底部相适配的纵向T型槽B;下部垂向作动器的安装位置可在T型槽B中纵向调整。The four lower vertical actuators are arranged longitudinally, and the bottom of the lower vertical actuator is connected to the T-slot test bench through bolts, and the T-slot test bench is provided with a The matching longitudinal T-slot B; the installation position of the lower vertical actuator can be adjusted longitudinally in the T-slot B.

优选的,所述纵向作动器设置在比例车体的一端,所述纵向减震器设置在比例车体的另一端,纵向作动器和纵向减振器正对,以免引起不平衡力矩;纵向作动器和纵向减振器分别通过螺栓与位于比例车体两端的端部立柱连接。Preferably, the longitudinal actuator is arranged at one end of the proportional vehicle body, the longitudinal shock absorber is arranged at the other end of the proportional vehicle body, and the longitudinal actuator and the longitudinal shock absorber are facing each other so as not to cause an unbalanced moment; The longitudinal actuator and the longitudinal shock absorber are respectively connected with the end columns located at both ends of the proportional car body through bolts.

优选的,所述横向作动器设置在比例车体的一侧,所述横向减震器设置在比例车体的另一侧,横向作动器与横向减震器正对,横向作动器、横向减震器分别通过螺栓连接位于比例车体两侧的立柱,所述立柱下端通过螺栓连接在T型实验台台面上,所述T型实验台台面上设有与立柱下端相适配的纵向T型槽C,立柱设有竖向排布的螺纹孔,可实现作动和减震位置的上下微调。Preferably, the lateral actuator is arranged on one side of the proportional vehicle body, the lateral shock absorber is arranged on the other side of the proportional vehicle body, the lateral actuator is directly opposite to the lateral shock absorber, and the lateral actuator , the transverse shock absorbers are respectively connected by bolts to the columns on both sides of the proportional car body, and the lower ends of the columns are connected to the T-shaped test bench by bolts. Longitudinal T-slot C, the column is provided with vertically arranged threaded holes, which can realize the fine adjustment up and down of the actuation and shock absorption position.

优选的,所述顶部垂向作动器通过螺栓连接顶部纵梁,所述顶部垂向作动器有两个,分别置于实际车体空调和受电弓的安装位置的对应部位,模拟列车运行过程中,空调、受电弓对车体疲劳强度的影响。Preferably, the top vertical actuator is connected to the top longitudinal beam through bolts, and there are two top vertical actuators, which are respectively placed in the corresponding parts of the actual car body air conditioner and pantograph installation position, simulating the train In the process of operation, the influence of air conditioner and pantograph on the fatigue strength of the car body.

优选的,所述纵向减震器、横向减震器均为液压减震器,所述液压减震器外套钢弹簧,所述钢弹簧的两端设有垫圈,垫圈外设有螺母;通过螺母位置的改变,可改变弹簧预紧力,从而改变减震器的刚度。所述下部垂向作动器、顶部垂向作动器、横向作动器、纵向作动器均为液压作动器并采用伺服控制器和液压油泵控制,所述系统主控制器连接伺服控制器,将实测信号取样,根据控制算法转化为电压/电流信号,最后以电流电压信号对伺服控制器发出指令,控制电机的转速及转向,驱动液压油泵,驱动作动器对车体做出位移或压力激振作用。另外,为保证作动器施加作动信号与给定信号的一致性,在作动器上布置有位移和压力传感器,作动信号传回系统控制器,与给定信号的对比,实现控制系统的闭环反馈调节,保证了作动载荷的可控性和准确性。Preferably, both the longitudinal shock absorber and the transverse shock absorber are hydraulic shock absorbers, the hydraulic shock absorber is covered with steel springs, washers are arranged at both ends of the steel spring, and nuts are arranged outside the washers; through the nuts Changing the position changes the spring preload, which in turn changes the stiffness of the shock absorber. The lower vertical actuator, top vertical actuator, lateral actuator, and longitudinal actuator are all hydraulic actuators and are controlled by a servo controller and a hydraulic oil pump. The main controller of the system is connected to the servo control Sampling the measured signal, converting it into a voltage/current signal according to the control algorithm, and finally sending instructions to the servo controller with the current and voltage signal, controlling the speed and steering of the motor, driving the hydraulic oil pump, and driving the actuator to make displacement of the car body or pressure excitation. In addition, in order to ensure the consistency between the actuating signal applied by the actuator and the given signal, displacement and pressure sensors are arranged on the actuator, and the actuating signal is sent back to the system controller, and compared with the given signal, the control system is realized. The closed-loop feedback adjustment ensures the controllability and accuracy of the operating load.

优选的,所述比例车体的材质为6061-T6型铝合金材料,比例车体为CRH380B车体实际尺寸的1:8缩小铝合金焊接框架式结构。Preferably, the material of the proportional car body is 6061-T6 aluminum alloy material, and the proportional car body is a 1:8 reduced aluminum alloy welded frame structure of the actual size of the CRH380B car body.

优选的,所述载荷传感器为应变片,其中一部分应变片分布于靠近比例车体的门、窗四角的位置;在二系簧垂向作动器、下部垂向作动器、顶部垂向作动器、横向作动器、纵向作动器上均布置有位移传感器和压力传感器。Preferably, the load sensor is a strain gauge, wherein a part of the strain gauge is distributed near the four corners of the door and window of the proportional car body; Displacement sensors and pressure sensors are arranged on the actuators, lateral actuators, and longitudinal actuators.

本发明的工作原理:通过对高速列车实测横向、垂向、纵向振动信号进行分析统计,形成载荷谱;将载荷谱数据通过控制系统形成作用力和作用频次关系信号,由控制算法实现信号波形向电流、电压信号转换,最后以电流电压信号对伺服控制器发出指令,控制电机的转速及转向,驱动液压油泵,驱动作动器对车体做出位移或压力激振作用。由数据采集仪器,采集由传感器和应变片传回的数据,计算机存储数据,并对实验数据进行剔除奇异值,消出趋势项,滤波等处理。最后,对数据进行统计分析,从而实现对高速列车车体疲劳强度的等效研究、载荷谱研究、裂纹识别和载荷识别研究。另外,为保证作动器施加作动信号与给定信号的一致性,在作动器上布置有位移和压力传感器,作动信号传回系统控制器,与给定信号的对比,实现控制系统的闭环反馈调节,保证了作动载荷的可控性和准确性。The working principle of the present invention is to form a load spectrum by analyzing and counting the horizontal, vertical and longitudinal vibration signals measured by the high-speed train; the load spectrum data is formed through the control system to form the signal of the relationship between the force and the frequency of action, and the signal waveform direction is realized by the control algorithm. The current and voltage signals are converted, and finally the current and voltage signals are used to issue instructions to the servo controller to control the speed and steering of the motor, drive the hydraulic oil pump, and drive the actuator to make displacement or pressure excitation to the car body. The data acquisition instrument collects the data returned by the sensor and the strain gauge, the computer stores the data, and the experimental data is processed by eliminating singular values, eliminating trend items, and filtering. Finally, statistical analysis is performed on the data, so as to realize the equivalent research, load spectrum research, crack identification and load identification research on the fatigue strength of the high-speed train body. In addition, in order to ensure the consistency between the actuating signal applied by the actuator and the given signal, displacement and pressure sensors are arranged on the actuator, and the actuating signal is sent back to the system controller, and compared with the given signal, the control system is realized. The closed-loop feedback adjustment ensures the controllability and accuracy of the operating load.

调节支撑柱的纵向位置,将比例车体安装在试验台上,可移动的支撑柱位置实现了支撑位置、垂向激励位置的多样化;调节纵向作动器在端部立柱的固定位置,可实现纵向激振点位置的变化;调节侧向立柱的纵向位置以及横向作动器的固定点,可实现横向激振点的改变。Adjust the longitudinal position of the support column and install the proportional car body on the test bench. The position of the movable support column realizes the diversification of the support position and the vertical excitation position; the fixed position of the longitudinal actuator on the end column can be adjusted. Realize the change of the position of the longitudinal excitation point; adjust the longitudinal position of the lateral column and the fixed point of the lateral actuator to realize the change of the lateral excitation point.

通过改变作动器的固定点,可实现不同的激振方式,同时,选取比例车体某方向(如垂向)的动态特性为研究对象,可让另两个方向的作动器停止。试验中,比例车体安装有各种力元传感器(含位移、加速度等)、应力应变片和用于传递信号的信号线。多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,可实现不同轨道车辆的比例车体结构的动强度、动刚度的等效研究,而且通过获取的激励信号以及响应的时间历程,运用现代数字信号处理技术,获取结构频响函数,得到结构系统的物理参数,对结构物理参数进行载荷识别和灵敏度分析,实现结构参数的识别和优化。By changing the fixed point of the actuator, different excitation methods can be realized. At the same time, the dynamic characteristics of a certain direction (such as vertical) of the proportional car body are selected as the research object, and the actuators in the other two directions can be stopped. In the test, the proportional car body is equipped with various force element sensors (including displacement, acceleration, etc.), stress strain gauges and signal lines for transmitting signals. The test bench for fatigue strength and load spectrum research of proportional car body under multi-point excitation load can realize the equivalent research of dynamic strength and dynamic stiffness of proportional car body structure of different rail vehicles, and through the obtained excitation signal and response time history, Using modern digital signal processing technology to obtain the structural frequency response function, obtain the physical parameters of the structural system, carry out load identification and sensitivity analysis on the structural physical parameters, and realize the identification and optimization of structural parameters.

比例车体采用6061-T6型铝合金板焊接而成,重量44.6kg,车体尺寸为3022×407×358mm,其中铝板厚度为4mm,试验台架结构规模小,可以极大地降低动强度实验及载荷识别实验研究的成本。The proportioned car body is welded by 6061-T6 aluminum alloy plate, with a weight of 44.6kg. The car body size is 3022×407×358mm, of which the thickness of the aluminum plate is 4mm. The test bench structure is small, which can greatly reduce the dynamic strength test and Cost of load identification experimental studies.

与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果主要在于:Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention mainly lie in:

一、可以根据高速列车实测载荷数据,将载荷数据缩减,经由系统主控制器,根据控制算法,将实测载荷信号转换为电压电流信号,经由伺服控制器发出指令,控制电机的转速及转向,驱动液压油泵,驱动作动器对车体做出位移或压力激振作用,可实现对高速列车车体疲劳强度、载荷识别、裂纹识别等的等效研究。1. According to the actual load data of the high-speed train, the load data can be reduced. Through the main controller of the system, according to the control algorithm, the actual load signal can be converted into a voltage and current signal, and the servo controller can issue instructions to control the speed and steering of the motor. The hydraulic oil pump drives the actuator to make displacement or pressure excitation to the car body, which can realize the equivalent research on the fatigue strength, load identification and crack identification of the high-speed train car body.

二、可以大幅降低线路实验昂贵的试验成本,本发明主要用于动载荷试验,研究比例车体疲劳裂纹的产生和扩展规律,可以实现不同轨道车辆的比例车体结构强度和疲劳特性的等效性研究,实现车体结构截面尺寸的参数优化分析。2. It can greatly reduce the expensive test cost of line experiments. The present invention is mainly used in dynamic load tests to study the generation and expansion of fatigue cracks in proportional car bodies, and can realize the equivalent of structural strength and fatigue characteristics of proportional car bodies of different rail vehicles Performance research, to realize the parameter optimization analysis of the cross-sectional size of the car body structure.

三、比例车体动强度试验台可以对1:8等比例尺寸车体进行结构振动性、强度和刚度等效性、疲劳特性、结构动载荷识别技术、参数灵敏度等进行详细研究。3. The scale car body dynamic strength test bench can carry out detailed research on structural vibration, strength and stiffness equivalence, fatigue characteristics, structural dynamic load identification technology, parameter sensitivity, etc. for 1:8 scale car bodies.

四、6061-T6型铝合金材料,重量44.6kg,车体尺寸为3022×407×358mm,其中铝板厚度为4mm,试验台架结构规模小,可以极大地降低动强度实验及载荷识别实验研究的成本。4. 6061-T6 aluminum alloy material, weight 44.6kg, car body size 3022×407×358mm, of which the thickness of the aluminum plate is 4mm, the scale of the test bench structure is small, which can greatly reduce the cost of dynamic strength experiment and load identification experiment research cost.

五、数据采集仪器所获取的加速度、位移以及应力信号,可用于车体疲劳强度,裂纹识别和载荷识别研究。5. The acceleration, displacement and stress signals obtained by the data acquisition instrument can be used for research on the fatigue strength of the car body, crack identification and load identification.

综上,本发明所公开的多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,旨在基于所建立的多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,通过对高速列车实测横向、垂向、纵向振动信号进行分析统计,形成载荷谱;将载荷谱数据通过控制系统形成作用力和作用频次关系信号,由控制算法实现信号波形向电流、电压信号转换,最后以电流电压信号对伺服控制器发出指令,控制电机的转速及转向,驱动液压油泵,驱动作动器对车体做出位移或压力激振作用。由数据采集仪器,采集由传感器和应变片传回的数据,计算机存储数据,并对实验数据进行剔除奇异值,消出趋势项,滤波等处理。最后,对数据进行统计分析,从而实现对高速列车车体疲劳强度的等效研究、裂纹识别和载荷识别研究。另外,为保证作动器施加作动信号与给定信号的一致性,在作动器上布置有位移和压力传感器,作动信号传回系统控制器,与给定信号的对比,实现控制系统的闭环反馈调节,保证了作动载荷的可控性和准确性。车体典型位置点安装传感器和应变片,以测试位移、加速度和应变信号,测试信号经由东华采集设备数据,最后传输到计算机,进行分析处理,得到比例车体动态特性和振动特征。另外,高循环次数的激振力致使比例车体产生裂纹,记录裂纹位置以及激振力循环次数,结合所采集数据进行疲劳强度评估。所采集的加速度、位移以及应力信号,用于车体疲劳强度,裂纹识别和载荷识别。To sum up, the test bench for fatigue strength and load spectrum research of proportional car body under multi-point excitation load disclosed in the present invention aims to research test bench for fatigue strength and load spectrum of proportional car body under multi-point excitation load. The horizontal, vertical, and longitudinal vibration signals of high-speed trains are analyzed and counted to form a load spectrum; the load spectrum data is passed through the control system to form a signal of the relationship between the force and the frequency of action, and the control algorithm realizes the conversion of the signal waveform to the current and voltage signals. The current and voltage signals send instructions to the servo controller to control the speed and steering of the motor, drive the hydraulic oil pump, and drive the actuator to make displacement or pressure excitation to the car body. The data acquisition instrument collects the data returned by the sensor and the strain gauge, the computer stores the data, and the experimental data is processed by eliminating singular values, eliminating trend items, and filtering. Finally, statistical analysis is carried out on the data, so as to realize the equivalent research, crack identification and load identification research on the fatigue strength of the high-speed train car body. In addition, in order to ensure the consistency between the actuating signal applied by the actuator and the given signal, displacement and pressure sensors are arranged on the actuator, and the actuating signal is sent back to the system controller, and compared with the given signal, the control system is realized. The closed-loop feedback adjustment ensures the controllability and accuracy of the operating load. Sensors and strain gauges are installed at typical positions of the car body to test displacement, acceleration and strain signals. The test signals are collected by Donghua through equipment data, and finally transmitted to the computer for analysis and processing to obtain the dynamic characteristics and vibration characteristics of the proportional car body. In addition, the excitation force with a high number of cycles causes cracks in the proportional car body, and the crack location and the number of cycles of the excitation force are recorded, and the fatigue strength is evaluated in combination with the collected data. The collected acceleration, displacement and stress signals are used for vehicle body fatigue strength, crack identification and load identification.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的总体示意图;Fig. 1 is the general schematic diagram of the present invention;

图2为机械部分的主视图;Fig. 2 is the front view of mechanical part;

图3为机械部分的左视图;Fig. 3 is the left view of mechanical part;

图4为机械部分的俯视图;Fig. 4 is the top view of mechanical part;

图5为机械部分的横向剖视图;Figure 5 is a transverse sectional view of the mechanical part;

图6为减震器示意;Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the shock absorber;

图7为减震器的局部剖视图;Figure 7 is a partial sectional view of the shock absorber;

图8为支撑柱、二系簧垂向作动器和橡胶空气弹簧的装配示意图;Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the support column, the secondary spring vertical actuator and the rubber air spring;

图9为应变片的典型位置布置示意图;Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a typical position arrangement of strain gauges;

图中:1-端部立柱、2-比例车体、3-传感器、4-应变片、5-纵向作动器、6-支撑柱、7-侧面立柱、8、9、10、11-下部垂向作动器、12-橡胶空气弹簧、13-纵向减震器、14-T型槽试验台、15-顶部横梁、16-横向减震器、17-二系簧垂向作动器、18-横向作动器、19-连接板、20-顶部垂向作动器、21-螺母、22-垫圈、23-钢弹簧、24-密封橡胶、25-活塞杆、26-活塞环、27-活塞头、28-窗角应变花。In the figure: 1-end column, 2-proportional car body, 3-sensor, 4-strain gauge, 5-longitudinal actuator, 6-support column, 7-side column, 8, 9, 10, 11-lower part Vertical actuator, 12-rubber air spring, 13-longitudinal shock absorber, 14-T-slot test bench, 15-top beam, 16-transverse shock absorber, 17-secondary spring vertical actuator, 18-transverse actuator, 19-connecting plate, 20-top vertical actuator, 21-nut, 22-washer, 23-steel spring, 24-sealing rubber, 25-piston rod, 26-piston ring, 27 -piston head, 28-window corner rosette.

具体实施方式detailed description

为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

如图1所示,本发明通过对高速列车实测横向、垂向、纵向振动信号进行分析统计,形成载荷谱;将载荷谱数据通过控制系统形成作用力和作用频次关系信号,由控制算法实现信号波形向电流、电压信号转换,最后以电流电压信号对伺服控制器发出指令,控制电机的转速及转向,驱动液压油泵,驱动作动器对车体做出位移或压力激振作用。由数据采集仪器,采集由传感器和应变片传回的数据,计算机存储数据,并对实验数据进行剔除奇异值,消出趋势项,滤波等处理。最后,对数据进行统计分析,从而实现对高速列车车体疲劳强度的等效研究、裂纹识别和载荷识别研究。另外,为保证作动器施加作动信号与给定信号的一致性,在作动器上布置有位移和压力传感器,作动信号传回系统控制器,与给定信号的对比,实现控制系统的闭环反馈调节,保证了作动载荷的可控性和准确性。As shown in Figure 1, the present invention forms a load spectrum by analyzing and counting the measured lateral, vertical, and longitudinal vibration signals of high-speed trains; the load spectrum data is formed into force and action frequency relationship signals through the control system, and the signal is realized by the control algorithm. The waveform is converted to current and voltage signals, and finally the current and voltage signals are used to issue instructions to the servo controller to control the speed and steering of the motor, drive the hydraulic oil pump, and drive the actuator to make displacement or pressure excitation to the car body. The data acquisition instrument collects the data returned by the sensor and the strain gauge, the computer stores the data, and the experimental data is processed by eliminating singular values, eliminating trend items, and filtering. Finally, statistical analysis is carried out on the data, so as to realize the equivalent research, crack identification and load identification research on the fatigue strength of the high-speed train car body. In addition, in order to ensure the consistency between the actuating signal applied by the actuator and the given signal, displacement and pressure sensors are arranged on the actuator, and the actuating signal is sent back to the system controller, and compared with the given signal, the control system is realized. The closed-loop feedback adjustment ensures the controllability and accuracy of the operating load.

图2-图5所示,本发明的机械部分包括纵向立柱1、比例车体2、横向立柱7、支撑装置、T型槽试验台14等。其中,比例车体2的材质为6061-T6型铝合金材料,比例车体2与实际车体的比例为1:8。侧面立柱7、支撑装置及下部垂向作动器8、9、10、11用螺栓安装在T型试验台14上,可实现横纵移动;横向作动器18、横向减震器16与侧面立柱7之间由螺栓连接,纵向作动器、纵向减震器13与端部立柱1之间由螺栓连接,横向作动器18横向减震器16、纵向作动器、纵向减震器13均可上下调节安装位置;顶部垂向作动器20由螺栓连接在顶部纵梁15底部,其安装位置可纵向调整以适应不同比例尺寸车体。比例车体2通过橡胶空气弹簧12连接在支撑柱6顶部,横向作动器18和横向减震器16安装位置正对,二者作用位置为与车体底板的连接板,顶部垂向作动器20与顶部纵梁15相连,并作用于车体顶板。As shown in FIGS. 2-5 , the mechanical part of the present invention includes a longitudinal column 1, a proportional car body 2, a transverse column 7, a supporting device, a T-slot test bench 14, and the like. Among them, the material of the proportional vehicle body 2 is 6061-T6 aluminum alloy material, and the ratio of the proportional vehicle body 2 to the actual vehicle body is 1:8. The side column 7, the support device and the lower vertical actuators 8, 9, 10, 11 are installed on the T-shaped test bench 14 with bolts, which can realize horizontal and vertical movement; the lateral actuator 18, the lateral shock absorber 16 and the side Columns 7 are connected by bolts, longitudinal actuators, longitudinal shock absorbers 13 and end columns 1 are connected by bolts, transverse actuators 18, transverse shock absorbers 16, longitudinal actuators, longitudinal shock absorbers 13 The installation position can be adjusted up and down; the top vertical actuator 20 is connected to the bottom of the top longitudinal beam 15 by bolts, and its installation position can be adjusted longitudinally to adapt to different proportions and sizes of car bodies. The proportional car body 2 is connected to the top of the supporting column 6 through the rubber air spring 12, and the installation position of the transverse actuator 18 and the transverse shock absorber 16 are facing each other. The device 20 is connected to the roof rail 15 and acts on the roof of the vehicle body.

横向减震器16、纵向减震器13的结构相同,以下统称为减震器,如图6、图7所示,减震器包括活塞杆25和活塞环26,活塞杆25前端连接活塞头27,活塞环26、活塞头27外套钢弹簧23,刚弹簧23的两端布置有垫圈22,垫圈22外为一螺母21,通过螺母21位置的改变,可改变钢弹簧23的预紧力,从而改变减震器的刚度。The transverse shock absorber 16 and the longitudinal shock absorber 13 have the same structure, and are collectively referred to as shock absorbers below. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the shock absorber includes a piston rod 25 and a piston ring 26, and the front end of the piston rod 25 is connected to the piston head 27. The piston ring 26 and the piston head 27 are covered with a steel spring 23. A washer 22 is arranged at both ends of the rigid spring 23, and a nut 21 is outside the washer 22. By changing the position of the nut 21, the pre-tightening force of the steel spring 23 can be changed. Thereby changing the stiffness of the shock absorber.

如图8所示,支撑装置包括支撑柱6,支撑柱6的空腔内布置有二系簧垂向作动器17,支撑柱6的顶面通过螺栓连接橡胶空气弹簧12,橡胶空气弹簧12最终连接到比例车体2底板,一方面传递振动,另一方面吸收振动。As shown in Figure 8, the support device includes a support column 6, a secondary spring vertical actuator 17 is arranged in the cavity of the support column 6, and the top surface of the support column 6 is connected with a rubber air spring 12 by a bolt, and the rubber air spring 12 The final connection to the Scale Body 2 base plate transmits vibrations on the one hand and absorbs them on the other.

动力控制部分包括系统主控制器、伺服控制器、伺服电机、液压油泵、液压油泵等,传感器3、应变片4布置在比例车体上,如图2,传感器3、应变片4连接应变放大器,应变放大器连接数据采集仪器,数据采集仪器连接计算机,传感器和应变片采集数据可存储在计算机中。总体而概之,一方面,载荷谱输入信号通过控制系统,由控制算法实现信号波形向电流、电压信号转换,最后以电流电压信号对伺服控制器发出指令,控制电机的转速及转向,驱动液压油泵,驱动作动器对比例车体2做出位移或压力激振作用。另一方面,为保证作动器施加作动信号与给定信号的一致性,在作动器上布置有位移和压力传感器,作动信号传回系统控制器,与给定信号的对比,实现控制系统的闭环反馈调节,保证了作动载荷的可控性和准确性。The power control part includes the main controller of the system, servo controller, servo motor, hydraulic oil pump, hydraulic oil pump, etc. The sensor 3 and the strain gauge 4 are arranged on the proportional vehicle body, as shown in Figure 2, the sensor 3 and the strain gauge 4 are connected to the strain amplifier. The strain amplifier is connected to the data acquisition instrument, the data acquisition instrument is connected to the computer, and the data collected by the sensor and the strain gauge can be stored in the computer. Generally speaking, on the one hand, the input signal of the load spectrum passes through the control system, and the control algorithm realizes the conversion of the signal waveform to the current and voltage signals, and finally sends instructions to the servo controller with the current and voltage signals to control the speed and steering of the motor, and drive the hydraulic pressure. The oil pump drives the actuator to make displacement or pressure excitation to the proportional car body 2 . On the other hand, in order to ensure the consistency between the actuating signal applied by the actuator and the given signal, displacement and pressure sensors are arranged on the actuator, and the actuating signal is sent back to the system controller, and compared with the given signal, the realization The closed-loop feedback adjustment of the control system ensures the controllability and accuracy of the operating load.

如图9所示,应变片4的典型布置位置为靠近比例车体2的门、窗四角,作动器激振过程中由应变片采集窗角、门角等应力集中位置处的应变情况;可将多个应变片4布置成窗角应变花28。As shown in Figure 9, the typical arrangement position of the strain gauge 4 is the four corners of the door and window near the proportional car body 2, and the strain gauge collects the strain conditions at the stress concentration locations such as the window corner and the door corner during the excitation process of the actuator; A plurality of strain gauges 4 may be arranged as window corner rosettes 28 .

本发明的实际使用方式如下:The actual usage mode of the present invention is as follows:

1、将铝合金比例车体安放在橡胶空气弹簧上,固定作动器位置,并在车身上粘贴应变片,同时安装传感器,布置控制系统链接及采集系统的连接。1. Place the aluminum alloy proportional car body on the rubber air spring, fix the position of the actuator, and paste the strain gauge on the car body, install the sensor at the same time, arrange the connection of the control system and the connection of the acquisition system.

2、首先进行静载荷试验,基本载荷利用钢块均匀施加在地板上。基本载荷对应于乘客和设备质量。满载状态下的应力和位移通过数据采集系统计算得出。2. The static load test is carried out first, and the basic load is evenly applied on the floor with steel blocks. The base load corresponds to the passenger and equipment mass. Stresses and displacements at full load are calculated by the data acquisition system.

3、对车体施加瞬时激振,然后进行频谱分析,测出车体的固有频率。3. Apply instantaneous excitation to the car body, and then perform spectrum analysis to measure the natural frequency of the car body.

4、在开始动态疲劳载荷试验之前,进行预试验以确定作动器激励力的大小。车体在线路上的动态加速运动通过作动器的强迫振动得以再现。车体承受由质量引起的不变载荷和由作动器强迫振动引起的交变载荷。4. Before starting the dynamic fatigue load test, conduct a pre-test to determine the actuator excitation force. The dynamic acceleration movement of the car body on the line is reproduced by the forced vibration of the actuator. The car body bears constant loads caused by mass and alternating loads caused by forced vibration of actuators.

5、使信号通过控制系统,由控制算法实现信号波形向电流、电压信号转换,最后以电流电压信号对伺服控制器发出指令,控制电机的转速及转向,驱动液压油泵,驱动作动器对车体做出位移或压力激振作用。5. Make the signal pass through the control system, and the control algorithm realizes the conversion of the signal waveform to the current and voltage signals, and finally sends instructions to the servo controller with the current and voltage signals to control the speed and steering of the motor, drive the hydraulic oil pump, and drive the actuator to the vehicle. The body makes displacement or pressure excitation.

6、所有测点的应力和变形位移数据信号由东华采集设备获取,并传输至计算机。当检测到有裂纹发生时,记录激振力循环次数,停止试验进行检查。对于很严重的破坏,需进行测量和补焊。继续进行动态疲劳载荷试验至2×106次循环,并全面检查潜在裂纹,记录疲劳裂纹发生位置以及激励力循环次数。6. The stress and deformation displacement data signals of all measuring points are acquired by Donghua acquisition equipment and transmitted to the computer. When a crack is detected, record the number of cycles of the exciting force and stop the test for inspection. For very serious damage, measurement and repair welding are required. Continue to carry out the dynamic fatigue load test to 2×10 6 cycles, check the potential cracks comprehensively, record the fatigue crack occurrence location and the number of excitation force cycles.

根据疲劳裂纹萌生的位置和循环次数,分析疲劳强度,并对应变片采集数据进行分析,统计裂纹发生位置所受应力幅值、均值以及循环次数数据;位移、加速度传感器采集信号用于载荷识别,裂纹识别,获取结构频响函数,得到结构系统的物理参数,对结构物理参数进行载荷识别和灵敏度分析,实现结构参数的识别和优化等方面研究。Analyze the fatigue strength according to the location of fatigue crack initiation and the number of cycles, and analyze the data collected by the strain gauge, and count the stress amplitude, average value, and cycle number data at the crack occurrence location; the signals collected by displacement and acceleration sensors are used for load identification. Crack identification, obtaining the structural frequency response function, obtaining the physical parameters of the structural system, carrying out load identification and sensitivity analysis on the structural physical parameters, and realizing the identification and optimization of structural parameters.

当然,本发明还可有其它多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。Certainly, the present invention also can have other various embodiments, without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and deformations according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes All changes and modifications should belong to the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,包括机械部分和电气部分,其特征在于:所述机械部分包括T型槽实验台、支撑装置、比例车体;所述电气部分包括系统主控制器、伺服控制器。所述比例车体通过支撑装置连接在T型槽实验台上,所述支撑装置包括支撑柱和橡胶空气弹簧,所述支撑柱包括空腔,支撑柱下端与T型槽实验台连接,支撑柱顶部连接橡胶空气弹簧,橡胶空气弹簧顶部连接比例车体的底板,二系簧垂向作动器置于支撑柱的空腔内,支撑柱上端面设有与空腔连通的激振孔;比例车体的两端分别设置设有纵向作动器、纵向减震器,比例车体的两侧分别设有横向作动器及横向减震器,所述T型槽实验台上布置四个作用于比例车体底板的下部垂向作动器,所述下部垂向作动器位于比例车体底部中间位置,比例车体顶部设置有顶部垂向作动器;所述电气部分包括安装在比例车体上的传感器,所述传感器连接数据采集仪器,所述数据采集仪器连接计算机,传感器包括加速度传感器、位移传感器和载荷传感器。1. Proportional car body fatigue strength and load spectrum research test bench under multi-point excitation load, including mechanical part and electrical part, is characterized in that: described mechanical part comprises T-slot test bench, supporting device, proportional car body; The electrical part includes the main controller of the system and the servo controller. The proportional car body is connected on the T-slot test bench through a support device, the support device includes a support column and a rubber air spring, the support column includes a cavity, the lower end of the support column is connected with the T-slot test bench, and the support column The top of the rubber air spring is connected to the bottom plate of the proportional car body, and the vertical actuator of the secondary spring is placed in the cavity of the support column, and the upper end of the support column is provided with an excitation hole connected with the cavity; The two ends of the car body are respectively equipped with longitudinal actuators and longitudinal shock absorbers, and the two sides of the proportional car body are respectively equipped with transverse actuators and transverse shock absorbers. The lower vertical actuator of the bottom plate of the proportional car body is located in the middle of the bottom of the proportional car body, and the top vertical actuator is arranged on the top of the proportional car body; the electrical part includes a The sensor on the vehicle body, the sensor is connected to a data acquisition instrument, the data acquisition instrument is connected to a computer, and the sensor includes an acceleration sensor, a displacement sensor and a load sensor. 2.根据权利要求1所述的多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,其特征在于:所述机械部分还包括端部立柱、侧面立柱和顶部纵梁,所述端部立柱有两根,分别位于比例车体的两端,所述侧面立柱有4根,位于比例车体的两侧面,每一侧面两根,所述顶部纵梁位于比例车体的正上方,顶部纵梁的轴线方向与比例车体的轴线方向相同,顶部纵梁的侧面通过连接板与侧向立柱连接,所述连接板与顶部纵梁、侧向立柱均螺钉连接。2. The proportional car body fatigue strength and load spectrum research test bench under multi-point excitation load according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mechanical part also includes end columns, side columns and top longitudinal beams, and the end columns There are two front columns, which are respectively located at the two ends of the proportional car body; there are four side columns, which are located on both sides of the proportional car body, two on each side; the top longitudinal beam is located directly above the proportional car body, The axial direction of the top longitudinal beam is the same as the axial direction of the proportional car body, and the side of the top longitudinal beam is connected with the lateral column through the connecting plate, and the connecting plate is connected with the top longitudinal beam and the lateral column by screws. 3.根据权利要求1所述的多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,其特征在于:所述支撑柱通过螺栓固定在T型槽实验台上,所述T型槽实验台设有与支撑柱底部相适配的横向T型槽和纵向T型槽A,激振支撑柱有4个,分别位于高速列车二系簧对应位置。3. The proportional car body fatigue strength and load spectrum research test bench under multi-point excitation load according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the support column is fixed on the T-slot test bench by bolts, and the T-slot The test bench is equipped with a transverse T-slot and a longitudinal T-slot A that match the bottom of the support column. There are four excitation support columns, which are respectively located at the corresponding positions of the secondary springs of the high-speed train. 4.根据权利要求1所述的多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,其特征在于:四个下部垂向作动器纵向排布,下部垂向作动器底部通过螺栓与T型槽试验台相连,所述T型槽试验台台面设置有与下部垂向作动器的底部相适配的纵向T型槽B。4. The test bench for fatigue strength and load spectrum research of proportional car body under multi-point excitation load according to claim 1, characterized in that: four lower vertical actuators are arranged longitudinally, and the bottom of the lower vertical actuators passes through The bolts are connected to the T-slot test bench, and the top of the T-slot test bench is provided with a longitudinal T-slot B matching the bottom of the lower vertical actuator. 5.根据权利要求2所述的多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,其特征在于:所述纵向作动器设置在比例车体的一端,所述纵向减震器设置在比例车体的另一端,纵向作动器和纵向减振器正对,纵向作动器和纵向减振器分别通过螺栓与位于比例车体两端的端部立柱连接。5. The proportional car body fatigue strength and load spectrum research test bench under multi-point excitation load according to claim 2, characterized in that: the longitudinal actuator is arranged at one end of the proportional car body, and the longitudinal shock absorber It is arranged at the other end of the proportional car body, the longitudinal actuator and the longitudinal shock absorber are facing each other, and the longitudinal actuator and the longitudinal shock absorber are respectively connected to the end columns located at both ends of the proportional car body through bolts. 6.根据权利要求2所述的多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,其特征在于:所述横向作动器设置在比例车体的一侧,所述横向减震器设置在比例车体的另一侧,横向作动器与横向减震器正对,横向作动器、横向减震器分别通过螺栓连接位于比例车体两侧的立柱,所述立柱下端通过螺栓连接在T型实验台台面上,所述T型实验台台面上设有与立柱下端相适配的纵向T型槽C,立柱设有竖向排布的螺纹孔。6. The test bench for fatigue strength and load spectrum research of proportional car body under multi-point excitation load according to claim 2, characterized in that: the lateral actuator is arranged on one side of the proportional car body, and the lateral shock absorber The actuator is set on the other side of the proportional car body, the transverse actuator and the transverse shock absorber are facing each other, the transverse actuator and the transverse shock absorber are respectively connected to the columns on both sides of the proportional car body through bolts, and the lower ends of the columns pass through The bolts are connected to the top of the T-shaped test bench, and the top of the T-shaped test bench is provided with a longitudinal T-shaped slot C matching the lower end of the column, and the column is provided with vertically arranged threaded holes. 7.根据权利要求2所述的多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,其特征在于:所述顶部垂向作动器通过螺栓连接顶部纵梁,所述顶部垂向作动器有两个,分别置于实际车体空调和受电弓的安装位置的对应部位。7. The test bench for proportional car body fatigue strength and load spectrum research under multi-point excitation load according to claim 2, characterized in that: the top vertical actuator is connected to the top longitudinal beam by bolts, and the top vertical There are two actuators, which are respectively placed in the corresponding parts of the actual car body air conditioner and pantograph installation positions. 8.根据权利要求1所述的多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,其特征在于:所述纵向减震器、横向减震器均为液压减震器,所述液压减震器外套钢弹簧,所述钢弹簧的两端设有垫圈,垫圈外设有螺母;所述下部垂向作动器、顶部垂向作动器、横向作动器、纵向作动器均为液压作动器并采用伺服控制器和液压油泵控制。8. The proportional car body fatigue strength and load spectrum research test bench under multi-point excitation load according to claim 1, characterized in that: the longitudinal shock absorber and the transverse shock absorber are both hydraulic shock absorbers, and the The hydraulic shock absorber is covered with a steel spring, the two ends of the steel spring are provided with washers, and the washers are provided with nuts; the lower vertical actuator, the top vertical actuator, the transverse actuator, and the longitudinal actuator All are hydraulic actuators and are controlled by servo controllers and hydraulic oil pumps. 9.根据权利要求1所述的多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,其特征在于:所述比例车体的材质为6061-T6型铝合金材料,比例车体为CRH380B车体实际尺寸的1:8缩小铝合金焊接框架式结构。9. The proportional car body fatigue strength and load spectrum research test bench under multi-point excitation load according to claim 1, characterized in that: the material of the proportional car body is a 6061-T6 aluminum alloy material, and the proportional car body is The actual size of the CRH380B car body is reduced to 1:8 with aluminum alloy welded frame structure. 10.根据权利要求1所述的多点激励荷载下比例车体疲劳强度及载荷谱研究试验台,其特征在于:所述载荷传感器为应变片,其中一部分应变片分布于靠近比例车体的门、窗四角的位置;在二系簧垂向作动器、下部垂向作动器、顶部垂向作动器、横向作动器、纵向作动器上均布置有位移传感器和压力传感器。10. The test bench for fatigue strength and load spectrum research of proportional car body under multi-point excitation load according to claim 1, characterized in that: the load sensor is a strain gauge, wherein a part of the strain gauge is distributed on the door close to the proportional car body , The position of the four corners of the window; Displacement sensors and pressure sensors are arranged on the secondary spring vertical actuator, the lower vertical actuator, the top vertical actuator, the lateral actuator, and the longitudinal actuator.
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