CN107764570B - Multifunctional quarter vehicle suspension characteristic test experiment table - Google Patents
Multifunctional quarter vehicle suspension characteristic test experiment table Download PDFInfo
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- CN107764570B CN107764570B CN201711204239.0A CN201711204239A CN107764570B CN 107764570 B CN107764570 B CN 107764570B CN 201711204239 A CN201711204239 A CN 201711204239A CN 107764570 B CN107764570 B CN 107764570B
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention relates to a suspension characteristic test experiment table, in particular to a multifunctional quarter vehicle suspension characteristic test experiment table which can be used for air spring characteristic test and air suspension vibration characteristic research. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, safe use, low manufacturing difficulty and cost, maximum simulation of the vibration reduction characteristics of the two-degree-of-freedom 1/4 suspension and accurate experimental result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a suspension characteristic test experiment table, in particular to a multifunctional quarter vehicle suspension characteristic test experiment table which can be used for air spring characteristic test and air suspension vibration characteristic research.
Background
Comfort is one of the important performance properties of a vehicle, and is related to the natural vibration characteristics of the vehicle, which are related to the characteristics of the suspension system. The main function of the suspension is to transmit all forces and moments acting between the wheels and the body, and to alleviate the impact load transmitted to the body by uneven road surfaces, attenuate the vibrations caused thereby, ensure the comfort of the occupants, and reduce the dynamic loads of trucks and bodies. The suspension elastically links the frame and the wheels, relates to various service performances of the automobile, and is one of the three most important assemblies of the vehicle. The suspension system is an important guarantee of riding comfort of the vehicle and running safety of the vehicle, so that research and development of a test experiment table capable of researching the characteristics of the suspension system has very important significance.
However, the existing quarter vehicle suspension test bench has the following disadvantages and shortcomings: (1) Most of the existing test bed tests a small-sized vehicle suspension system, and the suspension test system for large-sized agricultural equipment is rare at present; (2) The existing experiment bench has complex structure and higher manufacturing difficulty and cost; (3) Most of the existing experiment tables can only carry out single two-degree-of-freedom suspension characteristic experiments or single-degree-of-freedom experiments, and the experiment cost is relatively wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that a model machine is high in cost, suspension characteristic parameters are difficult to obtain, experimental study is difficult and the like when a real-vehicle suspension system experimental study is carried out on some large-scale, intelligent and high-end agricultural vehicles, the invention aims to provide a multifunctional quarter-vehicle suspension characteristic test experiment table which can simulate the actual working conditions of a suspension to the greatest extent through reasonable layout and design, obtain the response characteristics of the suspension under different working conditions and optimize and improve the suspension parameters based on the response characteristics.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a multifunctional quarter vehicle suspension characteristic test experiment table, which comprises a gantry frame, a mechanical platform 2, a combined spring damping shock absorber 3, a non-sprung mass base 4, a spring bottom supporting plate 5, a suspension component 6, a spring top supporting plate 7, a guide post 8, a linear bearing 9 for sprung mass guiding, a loading box 10, a guide beam 15, a guide bearing mounting plate 16, a non-sprung mass loading plate mounting bolt 18, a servo actuator 21 and a shock absorber connecting plate 24;
the gantry frame comprises a vibrating table base 22 horizontally arranged on the ground and a pair of longitudinal beams 1 vertically fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the upper surface of the vibrating table base 22;
the cylinder body of the servo actuator 21 is vertically fixedly connected to the middle part of the upper surface of the vibrating table base 22, and the piston rod of the servo actuator 21 extends upwards;
the mechanical platform 2 is fixedly connected with the upper end of a piston rod of the servo actuator 21;
the top of the combined spring damping shock absorber 3 is fixedly connected with a shock absorber connecting plate 24, and the bottom of the combined spring damping shock absorber is fixedly connected with the mechanical platform 2;
the mechanical platform 2 is fixedly connected with a linear bearing mounting plate 19;
the shock absorber connecting plate 24 is connected with the spring bottom supporting plate 5 through the unsprung mass base 4;
the unsprung mass loading plate mounting bolt 18 includes a threaded portion and a smooth cylindrical portion;
the threaded parts of the two symmetrically arranged unsprung mass loading plate mounting bolts 18 are vertically fixedly connected with the shock absorber connecting plate 24 and the spring bottom supporting plate 5, and the smooth cylindrical parts are inserted into the unsprung mass guiding linear bearings 20 arranged on the linear bearing mounting plates 19;
the bottom of the suspension component 6 is fixedly connected with the spring bottom supporting plate 5, and the top of the suspension component is fixedly connected with the spring top supporting plate 7;
the spring top supporting plate 7 is of a triangular structure, and three corners of the upper surface of the spring top supporting plate and the lower surface of the loading box 10 corresponding to the three corners are provided with guide post mounting seats 17;
the middle part of the lower end surface of the guide beam 15 is fixedly connected with a guide bearing mounting plate 16;
the shape of the guide bearing mounting plate 16 is the same as that of the spring top supporting plate 7, three corners of the guide bearing mounting plate 16 are provided with guide post insertion holes 161 corresponding to the guide post mounting seats 17, guide bearing mounting holes 163 are formed in the periphery of the guide post insertion holes 161, and the linear bearings 9 for sprung mass guide are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the guide bearing mounting plate 16 through bolts passing through the guide bearing mounting holes 163;
the guide post 8 passes through the guide post insertion hole 161 and the linear bearing 9 for guiding the sprung mass and is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the spring top supporting plate 7 and the guide post mounting seat 17 of the lower surface of the loading box 10 respectively.
The suspension member 6 is an air spring, a coil spring, a hydro-pneumatic spring or a damper.
The guide beam 15 includes a guide beam mounting plate 151, a guide beam body 152, and a guide beam positioning plate 154; two guide beam mounting plates 151 are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the guide beam main body 152 and fixedly connected with the longitudinal beam 1 through bolts; the guide beam positioning plate 154 is disposed in the middle of the lower end surface of the guide beam main body 152 and is fixedly connected with the guide bearing mounting plate 16 through bolts.
A guide beam reinforcing plate 153 is provided between the guide beam mounting plate 151 and the guide beam main body 152.
A plurality of groups of sprung mass loading plates 11 which are arranged in a stacked mode are fixedly connected in the loading box 10 through sprung mass loading plate mounting bolts 14.
Each group of load plates 11 is spaced apart by spacer blocks.
The power of the servo actuator 21 is from a hydraulic system, an electromagnetic system or a mechanical system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the combined spring damping shock absorber is selected to equivalent tire rigidity and damping, so that the structure of the experiment bench is simplified, the manufacturing difficulty and cost are reduced, and the vibration damping characteristic of the two-degree-of-freedom 1/4 suspension can be simulated to the greatest extent;
2. the frame of the rack main body adopts a gantry frame structure consisting of two longitudinal beams, a cross beam and a vibrating table base, and has the advantages of stable structure and strong bearing capacity;
3. through the sprung mass and the unsprung guide device, when the suspension rack is excited by the actuator, the suspension rack only moves in the vertical direction, and the motion in the rolling and pitching directions is transmitted to the vibration table base through the rack main body frame, so that the safety of the suspension characteristic experiment and the accuracy of the experiment result are ensured;
4. the experiment table provided by the invention belongs to a multifunctional suspension vibration experiment table, wherein the main component parts of the experiment table are reserved with mounting positions for different types of experiments, and through selective mounting of the main component parts, multiple experiments such as a two-degree-of-freedom 1/4 suspension characteristic experiment, a single-degree-of-freedom 1/4 suspension characteristic experiment and a spring characteristic experiment can be performed, so that the experiment cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-functional quarter vehicle suspension characteristic test bench according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of unsprung mass loading plate mounting bolts 18;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the guide beam 15;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the guide bearing mounting plate 16;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a single degree of freedom suspension characterization test mode of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a spring characteristic test mode of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:
1 longitudinal beam 2 mechanical platform
3 combined spring damping vibration damper 4 unsprung mass base
5 spring bottom support plate 6 suspension member
7 spring top support plate 8 guide post
Linear bearing 10 loading box for 9-spring-loaded mass guidance
12 heightened longitudinal beam of 11-spring-loaded mass loading plate
13 crossbeam 14 sprung mass loading plate mounting bolt
15 guiding beam 151 guiding beam mounting plate
152 guide beam main body 153 guide beam reinforcing plate
154 guide beam positioning plate 16 guide bearing mounting plate
161 guide post jack 162 guide beam mounting hole
163 guide bearing mounting hole 17 guide column mounting seat
18 unsprung mass loading plate mounting bolt 19 linear bearing mounting plate
20 non-sprung mass guiding linear bearing 21 servo actuator
22 vibrating table base 23 jack-prop
24 shock absorber connecting plate
a thread length of unsprung mass loading plate mounting bolt
Length of non-working area of non-sprung mass loading plate mounting bolt
c total length of unsprung mass loading plate mounting bolt
d diameter of unsprung mass loading plate mounting bolt
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
A multifunctional test experiment table for testing the suspension characteristics of a quarter vehicle comprises a two-degree-of-freedom suspension characteristic test mode, a single-degree-of-freedom suspension characteristic test mode and a spring characteristic test mode.
As shown in fig. 1, the two-degree-of-freedom suspension characteristic test mode experiment table includes a gantry frame, a mechanical platform 2, a combined spring-damper 3, a unsprung mass base 4, a spring bottom support plate 5, a suspension member 6, a spring top support plate 7, a guide post 8, a linear bearing for sprung mass guiding 9, a loading box 10, a guide beam 15, a guide bearing mounting plate 16, a unsprung mass loading plate mounting bolt 18, a servo actuator 21, and a damper connecting plate 24.
The gantry frame comprises a vibrating table base 22 horizontally arranged on the ground, a pair of longitudinal beams 1 vertically fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the upper surface of the vibrating table base 22, a heightened longitudinal beam 12 fixedly connected to the upper end of the longitudinal beam 1, and a cross beam 13 vertically fixedly connected to the upper end of the heightened longitudinal beam 12.
The guide beam 15 is horizontally arranged and fixedly connected with the longitudinal beam 1 of the gantry frame in an adjustable position.
The cylinder body of the servo actuator 21 is vertically fixedly connected to the middle part of the upper surface of the vibrating table base 22, and the piston rod of the servo actuator 21 extends upwards.
The mechanical platform 2 is fixedly connected with the upper end of a piston rod of the servo actuator 21 through a flange and bolts.
The top of the combined spring damping shock absorber 3 is fixedly connected with a shock absorber connecting plate 24 through bolts, and the bottom of the combined spring damping shock absorber is fixedly connected with the mechanical platform 2 through bolts.
The upper surface of the mechanical platform 2 is fixedly connected with a linear bearing mounting plate 19.
The damper connecting plate 24 is connected to the spring bottom support plate 5 located above it through the unsprung mass base 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the mounting bolt 18 of the unsprung mass loading plate is a bolt guiding integrated structure, which is not only the mounting bolt of the unsprung mass loading plate, but also the guiding column of the unsprung mass, and comprises a threaded part and a smooth cylindrical part; the total length c is 600mm, the thread length a is 260mm, the length b of the non-processing area is 80mm, and the diameter d is 30mm.
The threaded parts of the two symmetrically arranged unsprung mass loading plate mounting bolts 18 vertically penetrate through the shock absorber connecting plate 24 and the spring bottom supporting plate 5 and are fastened through bolts to simulate unsprung mass in a suspension; the smooth cylindrical portion of the unsprung mass loading plate mounting bolt 18 is inserted into the unsprung mass guiding linear bearing 20 mounted on the linear bearing mounting plate 19 for ensuring that the unsprung mass is only vertically moved.
The bottom of the suspension component 6 is fixedly connected with the spring bottom supporting plate 5, and the top is fixedly connected with the spring top supporting plate 7.
The suspension member 6 is an air spring, a coil spring, a hydro-pneumatic spring or a damper.
The spring top support plate 7 has a triangular structure, and three corners on the upper surface and the lower surface of the loading box 10 corresponding to the three corners are respectively provided with a guide post mounting seat 17 for fixing the guide post 8.
As shown in fig. 3, the guide beam 15 includes a guide beam mounting plate 151, a guide beam body 152, and a guide beam positioning plate 154. Two guide beam mounting plates 151 are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the guide beam main body 152 and fixedly connected with the longitudinal beam 1 through bolts; the guide beam positioning plate 154 is disposed in the middle of the lower end surface of the guide beam main body 152 and is fixedly connected with the guide bearing mounting plate 16 through bolts. Preferably, a guide beam reinforcing plate 153 is provided between the guide beam mounting plate 151 and the guide beam main body 152.
As shown in fig. 4, the shape of the guide bearing mounting plate 16 is the same as that of the spring top supporting plate 7, guide post insertion holes 161 are formed in the three corners of the guide bearing mounting plate 16 corresponding to the guide post mounting seats 17, guide bearing mounting holes 163 are formed around the guide post insertion holes 161, and bolts pass through the guide bearing mounting holes 163 to fixedly connect the linear bearings 9 for sprung mass guiding to the upper surface of the guide bearing mounting plate 16; a guide beam mounting hole 162 is provided in the middle of the guide bearing mounting plate 16 for bolting with the guide beam positioning plate 154.
The guide post 8 passes through the guide post insertion hole 161 and the linear bearing 9 for guiding the sprung mass and is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the spring top supporting plate 7 and the guide post mounting seat 17 of the lower surface of the loading box 10 respectively.
A plurality of groups of sprung mass loading plates 11 which are arranged in a stacked mode are fixedly connected in the loading box 10 through sprung mass loading plate mounting bolts 14, and each group of sprung mass loading plates 11 are separated by a heightening block.
The combined spring damping shock absorber 3 is used for simulating the tire of the suspension to be tested, so that the size of the experiment bench can be effectively reduced, the structure of the experiment bench is simplified, and the experiment bench can be ensured to truly reflect the characteristics of the suspension.
The longitudinal beam 1 is reserved with a plurality of bolt holes, the installation position of the guide beam can be selected according to the specific size of the test piece, the situation that the longitudinal beam needs to be replaced again when different suspension characteristic tests are carried out is avoided, and the experiment cost is saved.
The power of the servo actuator 21 is from a hydraulic system, an electromagnetic system or a mechanical system.
As shown in fig. 5, the combined spring damper 3 of the test bench of the two-degree-of-freedom suspension characteristic test mode is removed, the unsprung mass base 4 is directly mounted on the machine platform 2, the linear bearing mounting plate 19 and the unsprung mass guide linear bearing 20 are removed, and the mounting position of the guide beam 15 is adjusted, thereby forming the test bench of the single-degree-of-freedom suspension characteristic test mode.
As shown in fig. 6, the loading box 10, the sprung mass loading plate 11 and the sprung mass guiding linear bearing 9 are removed, and the three guide posts 8 are replaced with the top posts 23, and the mounting positions of the guide beams 15 are adjusted, on the basis of the experiment table of the single degree of freedom suspension characteristic test mode shown in fig. 5, thereby forming the experiment table of the spring characteristic test mode.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
when a two-degree-of-freedom suspension characteristic test experiment was performed, as shown in fig. 1. In the rest state, the piston rod of the servo actuator 21 is in a fully extended state. When the suspension characteristic test is carried out, the sprung mass loading plate 11 and the spring bottom supporting plate 5 which are the same as the sprung mass and the unsprung mass of the tested suspension are required to be loaded according to the sprung mass and the unsprung mass; a power system (e.g., a hydraulic system) of the servo actuator 21 is activated to adjust the piston position of the servo actuator 21 so that the spring height reaches the equilibrium height and remains stationary. At this time, the sprung mass guiding linear bearing 9 is located at the intermediate position of the guide post 8.
The motion excitation of the piston rod of the servo actuator 21 is adjusted according to the suspension characteristics (stiffness characteristics, damping characteristics, vibration damping characteristics, etc.) to be tested. At this time, the piston rod drives the combined spring damping vibration absorber 3 to vibrate, and vibration is transmitted to the unsprung mass base 4 and the spring bottom supporting plate 5 through vibration reduction of the combined spring damping vibration absorber 3. The unsprung mass base 4 and the spring bottom support plate 5 follow the piston rod only in a vertical direction by the linear bearing mounting plate 19 and the unsprung mass guide linear bearing 20. The spring bottom support plate 5 further transfers motion to the suspension member 6, through the cushioning of the spring, and to the spring top support plate 7. The spring top support plate 7 drives the guide post 8 and the loading box 10 up and down. The guide beam 15, the linear bearing 9 for sprung mass guide and the guide bearing mounting plate 16 can ensure that the loading box 10 and the sprung mass loading plate 11 only do vertical movement, thereby ensuring the safety of the experimental process.
As shown in fig. 5, the combined spring damper 3 is removed, the unsprung mass base 4 is directly mounted on the mechanical platform 2, the linear bearing mounting plate 19 and the linear bearing for unsprung mass guiding 20 are removed, and the mounting position of the guide beam 15 is adjusted, so that a single degree-of-freedom suspension characteristic test mode experiment table is formed. When the single degree of freedom suspension characteristic test experiment is carried out, the piston rod of the servo actuator 21 is in a complete telescopic state in a static state. In performing the test, the sprung mass loading plate 11 having the same mass as the sprung mass of the suspension to be tested is loaded, and the power system (e.g., hydraulic system) of the servo actuator 21 is activated to adjust the piston position of the servo actuator 21 so that the spring height reaches the equilibrium height and remains stationary. At this time, the sprung mass guiding linear bearing 9 is located at the intermediate position of the guide post 8.
The motion excitation of the piston rod of the servo actuator 21 is adjusted according to the suspension characteristics (stiffness characteristics, damping characteristics, vibration damping characteristics, etc.) to be tested. At this time, the piston rod vibration is transmitted to the unsprung mass base 4 and the spring bottom support plate 5. The spring bottom support plate 5 further transfers motion to the suspension member 6, through the cushioning of the spring, and to the spring top support plate 7. The spring top support plate 7 drives the guide post 8 and the loading box 10 up and down.
As shown in fig. 6, the loading box 10, the sprung mass loading plate 11, and the sprung mass guiding linear bearing 9 are removed, and the three guide posts 8 are replaced with the top posts 23, and the mounting positions of the guide beams 15 are adjusted, on the basis of the experiment table of the single degree of freedom suspension characteristic test mode of fig. 5, to form a spring characteristic experiment table device. In the rest state, the piston rod of the servo actuator 21 is in a fully extended state. In performing the spring characteristic test, a power system (e.g., a hydraulic system) of the servo actuator 21 is activated to adjust the piston position of the servo actuator 21 so that the spring height reaches the equilibrium height and remains stationary. The motion excitation of the piston rod of the servo actuator 21 is adjusted according to the spring characteristics to be tested. At this time, the piston rod vibration is transmitted to the unsprung mass base 4 and the spring bottom support plate 5. The spring bottom support plate 5 further transfers the motion to the suspension member 6 and the top post 23 and finally to the guide beam 15.
Claims (5)
1. A multifunctional quarter vehicle suspension characteristic test experiment table is characterized in that: the experiment table comprises a gantry frame, a mechanical platform (2), a combined spring damping shock absorber (3), a non-sprung mass base (4), a spring bottom supporting plate (5), a suspension component (6), a spring top supporting plate (7), a guide column (8), a linear bearing (9) for guiding the sprung mass, a loading box (10), a guide beam (15), a guide bearing mounting plate (16), a non-sprung mass loading plate mounting bolt (18), a servo actuator (21) and a shock absorber connecting plate (24);
the gantry frame comprises a vibrating table base (22) horizontally arranged on the ground and a pair of longitudinal beams (1) vertically fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the upper surface of the vibrating table base (22);
the cylinder body of the servo actuator (21) is vertically fixedly connected to the middle part of the upper surface of the vibrating table base (22), and the piston rod of the servo actuator (21) extends upwards;
the mechanical platform (2) is fixedly connected with the upper end of a piston rod of the servo actuator (21);
the top of the combined spring damping shock absorber (3) is fixedly connected with a shock absorber connecting plate (24), and the bottom of the combined spring damping shock absorber is fixedly connected with a mechanical platform (2);
the mechanical platform (2) is fixedly connected with a linear bearing mounting plate (19);
the shock absorber connecting plate (24) is connected with the spring bottom supporting plate (5) through the unsprung mass base (4);
the unsprung mass loading plate mounting bolt (18) includes a threaded portion and a smooth cylindrical portion;
the threaded parts of two symmetrically arranged unsprung mass loading plate mounting bolts (18) are vertically fixedly connected with a shock absorber connecting plate (24) and a spring bottom supporting plate (5), and smooth cylindrical parts are inserted into linear bearings (20) for unsprung mass guiding, which are mounted on a linear bearing mounting plate (19);
the bottom of the suspension component (6) is fixedly connected with a spring bottom supporting plate (5), and the top of the suspension component is fixedly connected with a spring top supporting plate (7);
the spring top supporting plate (7) is of a triangular structure, and three corners of the upper surface of the spring top supporting plate and the lower surface of the loading box (10) corresponding to the three corners are provided with guide column mounting seats (17);
the middle part of the lower end surface of the guide beam (15) is fixedly connected with a guide bearing mounting plate (16);
the shape of the guide bearing mounting plate (16) is the same as that of the spring top supporting plate (7), guide column insertion holes (161) are formed in the three corners of the guide bearing mounting plate (16) corresponding to the guide column mounting seats (17), guide bearing mounting holes (163) are formed in the periphery of the guide column insertion holes (161), and the linear bearing (9) for sprung mass guide is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the guide bearing mounting plate (16) through bolts penetrating through the guide bearing mounting holes (163);
the guide post (8) passes through the guide post insertion hole (161) and the linear bearing (9) for guiding the sprung mass and is fixedly connected with the guide post mounting seat (17) on the upper surface of the spring top supporting plate (7) and the lower surface of the loading box (10) respectively;
the suspension component (6) is an air spring, a coil spring, a hydro-pneumatic spring or a shock absorber;
a plurality of groups of sprung mass loading plates (11) which are arranged in a stacked mode are fixedly connected in the loading box (10) through sprung mass loading plate mounting bolts (14).
2. The multi-function quarter vehicle suspension characteristic test bench according to claim 1, wherein: the guide beam (15) comprises a guide beam mounting plate (151), a guide beam main body (152) and a guide beam positioning plate (154); the two guide beam mounting plates (151) are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the guide beam main body (152) and fixedly connected with the longitudinal beam (1); the guide beam positioning plate (154) is arranged in the middle of the lower end face of the guide beam main body (152) and is fixedly connected with the guide bearing mounting plate (16) through bolts.
3. The multi-functional quarter vehicle suspension characteristic test bench according to claim 2, wherein: a guide beam reinforcing plate (153) is arranged between the guide beam mounting plate (151) and the guide beam main body (152).
4. The multi-function quarter vehicle suspension characteristic test bench according to claim 1, wherein: the load plates (11) of each group are separated by a heightening block.
5. The multi-function quarter vehicle suspension characteristic test bench according to claim 1, wherein: the power of the servo actuator (21) is from a hydraulic system, an electromagnetic system or a mechanical system.
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| CN108692956A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-10-23 | 杭州亿恒科技有限公司 | Double crossbeam Vehicle Suspension Vibration experimental rigs and method |
| CN109556892B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-07-17 | 重庆程顺汽车配件制造有限公司 | Device for testing automobile shock absorber |
| CN111307474B (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2022-04-19 | 清友(苏州)汽车技术有限公司 | Method for testing vibration isolation performance of automotive suspension spring gasket based on MTS loading device |
| CN114061932A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-18 | 上海新纪元机器人有限公司 | Multilayer floating test board |
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