CN105331954A - 铝合金气缸盖表面处理方法 - Google Patents

铝合金气缸盖表面处理方法 Download PDF

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CN105331954A
CN105331954A CN201510641886.2A CN201510641886A CN105331954A CN 105331954 A CN105331954 A CN 105331954A CN 201510641886 A CN201510641886 A CN 201510641886A CN 105331954 A CN105331954 A CN 105331954A
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郑志勋
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Wuhu Yongyu Autocar Industrial Co Ltd
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    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铝合金气缸盖表面处理方法,包括步骤:电解工序:在设置于电解槽内的电解液中,对气缸盖进行电解;浸泡工序:将电解后的气缸盖放入防护液中进行浸泡;固化工序:将浸泡后的气缸盖进行固化,使气缸盖表面形成保护膜;所述电解液中,硫酸钠浓度为15g/L,氧化锌浓度为3g/L,过氧化钠浓度为3g/L,十二烷基磺酸钠浓度为2g/L,余量为水。本发明的铝合金气缸盖表面处理方法,可以使气缸盖获得表面干净的外观,并且气缸盖内孔道的粘砂也可以去除,避免喷丸产生的发黑或发灰外表,同时获得防霉斑的保护膜,保护膜具有良好的耐高变色、耐腐蚀的性能,获得光亮美观的气缸盖,同时使气缸盖具备防腐蚀防霉斑效果。

Description

铝合金气缸盖表面处理方法
技术领域
本发明属于发动机技术领域,具体地说,本发明涉及一种铝合金发动机气缸盖表面处理方法。
背景技术
铝合金气缸盖是小型桥车通用的发动机零部件,与铸铁气缸盖相比,其具有比重轻,铸造、加工难度低的优点,在小型汽车中获得广泛的应用。
铝合金气缸盖的成分一般为铝硅合金,具有铸造性能良好、力学性能较高的优势,但合金中硅含量也为表面处理带来了困难。
目前,针对铝合金气缸盖的表面处理,主要采用喷砂或喷丸处理,为了节约成本,喷砂或喷丸用的原材料,砂或钢丸都采用重复使用的方式。
重复利用的砂或钢丸其表面粘有大量油,在这些丸或砂喷打到铝合金气缸盖表面时,导致铝合金气缸盖表面发黑或发灰,没有金属色泽,外表不美观。同时喷砂或喷丸处理的铝合金气缸盖表面也不具备防腐蚀效果,在产品库存时,导致铝合金表面产生腐蚀霉斑。而产生霉斑的铝合金气缸盖无法获得客户的签证接收。
为了避免霉斑产生,铝合金表面通常采用铬酸盐转化液进行处理。铝合金的六价铬的化合物的化学转化处理有许多,如由美国化学颜料公司发明的阿更便洛丁法,采用铬酸盐处理所形成的转化膜,具有优越的耐蚀性,但是在该转化液中含有有害的铁氰酸钾、剧毒致癌物六价铬污染环境,其生产对环境要求高,废水处理繁杂、昂贵。此外,由于形成的保护膜中含有六价铬,故从生产环境、使用安全的角度考虑,世界各国都在强制取消铬酸盐处理工艺。当今世界最受关注的欧盟2003年2月颁布,2006年7月1日实施的《关于在电子电器设备中限制使用某些有害物质》的RoHS指令,规定2006年7月1日起,进入欧盟市场的新电子电器产品应不含包括六价铬等六种有害物质,其目的在于提高报废电子电器产品的回收及再循环率、减少电子电器产品废料对水源和土壤引起的二次污染、保障社会的可持续发展。美国汽车协会和美国的一些州也正在讨论在汽车部件上禁止使用六价铬转化膜,并在2007年正式立法
综上所述,不管是单一的喷丸处理还是喷丸和铬酸盐混合处理技术,铝合金气缸盖都存在较大的弊端,气缸盖表面不够光亮,也不具备防腐蚀效果。
发明内容
本发明提供一种铝合金发动机气缸盖表面处理方法,目的是获得光亮美观的气缸盖,同时使气缸盖具备防腐蚀防霉斑效果。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:铝合金气缸盖表面处理方法,包括步骤:
(1)电解工序:在设置于电解槽内的电解液中,对气缸盖进行电解;
(2)浸泡工序:将电解后的气缸盖放入防护液中进行浸泡;
(3)固化工序:将浸泡后的气缸盖进行固化,使气缸盖表面形成保护膜;
所述电解液中,硫酸钠浓度为15g/L,氧化锌浓度为3g/L,过氧化钠浓度为3g/L,十二烷基磺酸钠浓度为2g/L,余量为水。
所述电解工序中,电解电流密度约1-2A/dm2
所述电解工序中,电解时间为3-6分钟。
所述防护液为溶胶凝胶溶液。
本发明的铝合金气缸盖表面处理方法,可以使气缸盖获得表面干净的外观,并且气缸盖内孔道的粘砂也可以去除,避免喷丸产生的发黑或发灰外表,同时获得防霉斑的保护膜,保护膜具有良好的耐高变色、耐腐蚀的性能,获得光亮美观的气缸盖,同时使气缸盖具备防腐蚀防霉斑效果。
具体实施方式
下面通过对实施例的描述,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,目的是帮助本领域的技术人员对本发明的构思、技术方案有更完整、准确和深入的理解,并有助于其实施。
本发明提供了一种铝合金发动机气缸盖表面处理方法,包括步骤:
(1)电解工序:在设置于电解槽内的电解液中,对气缸盖进行电解;
(2)浸泡工序:将电解后的气缸盖放入防护液中进行浸泡;
(3)固化工序:将浸泡后的气缸盖进行固化,使气缸盖表面形成保护膜。
具体地说,本发明的处理方法主要适用于铝合金材质的发动机气缸盖,电解工序中,采用电解法清理铝合金气缸盖表面的疤痕、粘砂、污点,电解法具有处理干净、并且可以有效去除铸件内孔道的粘砂的作用。
作为优选的,电解工序采用的电解液中,硫酸钠浓度为15-20g/L,氧化锌浓度为2-5g/L,过氧化钠浓度为3-4g/L,十二烷基磺酸钠浓度为1-2g/L,余量为水。
作为优选的,电解工序中,电解电流密度为1-2A/dm2,电解时间为3-6分钟,采用电解时铝合金气缸盖的表面会产生气泡去除疤痕、粘砂等污物。电流不宜过大,过大的电流会导致产品表面发黑,电流过小则反应不充分,清理不干净。
电解完成后,将铝合金气缸盖从电解槽中提拉出来,然后采用高压气流喷除气缸盖表面挂水,并将气缸盖自然晾干。
浸泡工序中,采用浸涂法将整个清洗干净的气缸盖浸入防护液中,浸泡一段时间后再将气缸盖提拉出来。
作为优选的,浸泡工序中,采用的防护液为SO2-Al2O3溶胶凝胶溶液。浸泡工序中,浸泡时间为30秒。
固化工序中,将气缸盖提拉出来后,采用高压气枪吹掉气缸盖表面多余的溶胶凝胶挂量,并将气缸盖自然晾干,进行固化,使气缸盖表面形成可防止铝合金变色、发霉的透明保护膜,获得具有金属光泽的铝合金气缸盖;SO2-Al2O3溶胶凝胶溶液的混合保护具有耐高温性能,在气缸盖装机使用后,还可以起到保护的效果,延迟铝合金的使用寿命。
作为优选的,防护液的成分为SO2和Al2O3,按重量百分比计为SO285%、Al2O315%。防护液不采用通常的化学转化膜,不含致癌物六铬价,不含剧毒铁氰酸钾,采用环保的溶胶凝胶保护膜法,是绿色环保的技术应用。防护液的制备过程如下:
a、将20公斤九水硝酸铝溶于30L水中,搅拌3~5min;
b、先后加入16L正硅酸乙酯、5L冰醋酸、60L无水乙醇、5L盐酸、2L乙二醇;
c、再将反应釜温度调节为80摄氏度,搅拌10min,保温2h,陈化12h。
d、所得溶液为澄清液体,微带黄色,有粘稠感。溶液中的颗粒表面基团相互交联,形成网格状的分子结构,溶胶凝胶由Al、Si和O原子互联而成。
作为优选的,本发明的处理方法中,需定期采用活性炭将电解液中的油污去除,具体操作为,将10g/L的活性炭导入电解液中,搅拌20分钟,采用过滤机将电解液过滤。定期检测电解液的浓度,对电解液进行补偿,达到浓度标准。
实施例一
本实施例提供了一种铝合金发动机气缸盖的表面处理方法,包括如下的步骤:
(1)电解工序:在设置于电解槽内的电解液中,对气缸盖进行电解;
电解液中,硫酸钠浓度为15g/L,氧化锌浓度为3g/L,过氧化钠浓度为3g/L,十二烷基磺酸钠浓度为2g/L,余量为水;电解电流密度为1A/dm2,电解时间5分钟。
(2)浸泡工序:将电解后的气缸盖放入防护液中进行浸泡30秒;
(3)固化工序:将气缸盖提拉出来后,采用高压气枪吹掉气缸盖表面多余的溶胶凝胶挂量,并将气缸盖自然晾干,进行固化,使气缸盖表面形成可防止铝合金变色、发霉的透明保护膜,获得具有金属光泽的铝合金气缸盖。
实施例二
本实施例提供了一种铝合金发动机气缸盖的表面处理方法,包括如下的步骤:
(1)电解工序:在设置于电解槽内的电解液中,对气缸盖进行电解;
电解液中,硫酸钠浓度为18g/L,氧化锌浓度为3.5g/L,过氧化钠浓度为4g/L,十二烷基磺酸钠浓度为1g/L,余量为水;电解电流密度为2A/dm2,电解时间4分钟。
(2)浸泡工序:将电解后的气缸盖放入防护液中进行浸泡30秒;
(3)固化工序:将气缸盖提拉出来后,采用高压气枪吹掉气缸盖表面多余的溶胶凝胶挂量,并将气缸盖自然晾干,进行固化,使气缸盖表面形成可防止铝合金变色、发霉的透明保护膜,获得具有金属光泽的铝合金气缸盖。
以上对本发明进行了示例性描述。显然,本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制。只要是采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性的改进;或未经改进,将本发明的上述构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的,均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.铝合金气缸盖表面处理方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
(1)电解工序:在设置于电解槽内的电解液中,对气缸盖进行电解;
(2)浸泡工序:将电解后的气缸盖放入防护液中进行浸泡;
(3)固化工序:将浸泡后的气缸盖进行固化,使气缸盖表面形成保护膜;
所述电解液中,硫酸钠浓度为15g/L,氧化锌浓度为3g/L,过氧化钠浓度为3g/L,十二烷基磺酸钠浓度为2g/L,余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金气缸盖表面处理方法,其特征在于,所述电解工序中,电解电流密度约1-2A/dm2
3.根据权利要求1所述的发动机气缸盖表面处理方法,其特征在于,所述电解工序中,电解时间为3-6分钟。
4.根据权利要求1所述的发动机气缸盖表面处理方法,其特征在于,所述防护液为溶胶凝胶溶液。
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