CN105327244A - 一种含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105327244A CN105327244A CN201510893238.6A CN201510893238A CN105327244A CN 105327244 A CN105327244 A CN 105327244A CN 201510893238 A CN201510893238 A CN 201510893238A CN 105327244 A CN105327244 A CN 105327244A
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Abstract
本发明属于中药领域，涉及一种含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的中药组合物及其制备方法，该中药组合物包括以下重量份数的制备原料：艾叶22-29、桉叶19-27、积雪草14-21、马齿苋16-21、孩儿茶13-19、川芎14-20、当归10-15、枸杞11-17、高良姜9-16、白蔹5-11、地榆7-13、鲜地黄10-15以及甘草6-13。本发明的中药组方合理，协同作用强，具有清热解毒、活血祛瘀、清除腐毒和生肌长皮的功效，在清除腐毒的同时疏通血脉经络，可以加快皮肤的自身代谢，使毒素和细菌能够快速排出疮口，同时进一步增强机体免疫力，增强对细菌、真菌的抵抗力，避免伤口愈合后再度感染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域，尤其涉及一种含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
褥疮又名压疮(压迫性溃疡)，是局部组织常期受压，持续缺血、缺氧、营养不良而致局部组织溃烂、坏死，是临床常见的并发症之一。中医称为“席疮”，乃因久病气血大亏，长期卧床，局部受压以致血气运行失常，经络阻塞，无以荣肤所致，如不及时救治，肉腐骨露合并感染，严重时引起败血症，导致死亡。
与中成药相比，传统的西医换药时多应用消毒剂或抗生素，虽然能够有效的控制细菌，但也不可避免的抑制了创面细胞的健康再生，从而导致创面愈合非常慢，病情迁延不愈，影响患者的生活和工作。
中药治疗褥疮的主要原则是清热解毒、活血祛瘀、去腐生肌，促进坏死组织排出，加快肉芽组织生长，将坏死组织清除体外，改善创面周围组织的微循环，增加局部血流，同时能促进残存上皮细胞组织生长，祛腐生肌，激活机体内源性清创过程，表现为无痛清创，对正常组织无副作用，填充伤口窦道及腔隙，防止伤口塌陷，减轻疼痛，吸收伤口渗液。
中国专利申请201510239732.0公开了一种用于治疗褥疮的中药药膏，该药膏由以下原料制得：黄柏10-12、血竭3-4、紫草2-4、黄芪8-10、白芷5-6、苍术2-4、当归8-10、党参4-5、白蔹2-4、制乳香5-6、没药9-10、川芎3-4、天花粉2-4、鹿角霜6-7、白芍4-6、炒山甲3-4、炒皂角刺1-3、红藤6-8、虎杖4-5、牡丹皮9-11、艾叶2-4、酒黄连4-5、制马钱子8-10、琥珀2-4、人面子叶2-4、以及大茶药根1-3。该药膏在治疗褥疮方面具有一定的疗效，但是该药物治疗褥疮疗程长，中药组方复杂，治疗成本高。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中治疗褥疮的药物存在愈合慢、治疗时间长和治疗成本高的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的中药组合物，以解决上述问题。同时，本发明还提供该中药组合物的制备工艺。
本发明的中药组合物包括以下重量份数的制备原料：艾叶22-29、桉叶19-27、积雪草14-21、马齿苋16-21、孩儿茶13-19、川芎14-20、当归10-15、枸杞11-17、高良姜9-16、白蔹5-11、地榆7-13、鲜地黄10-15以及甘草6-13。
进一步地，所述中药组合物包括以下重量份数的制备原料：艾叶22、桉叶19、积雪草14、马齿苋16、孩儿茶13、川芎14、当归10、枸杞11、高良姜9、白蔹5、地榆7、鲜地黄10以及甘草6。
进一步地，所述中药组合物包括以下重量份数的制备原料：艾叶29、桉叶27、积雪草21、马齿苋21、孩儿茶19、川芎20、当归15、枸杞17、高良姜16、白蔹11、地榆13、鲜地黄15以及甘草13。
进一步地，所述中药组合物包括以下重量份数的制备原料：艾叶26、桉叶24、积雪草17、马齿苋18、孩儿茶15、川芎18、当归12、枸杞14、高良姜13、白蔹9、地榆11、鲜地黄12以及甘草9。
另外，本发明还提供了一种含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的中药组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：按本发明中药组方称取各味中药材；
S2：将艾叶、桉叶、积雪草、马齿苋、孩儿茶以及川芎，分别粉碎，混合后加上述药材总重量8-12倍量的浓度为65-80%乙醇，浸泡6-12小时，回流提取2-3次，每次2-6小时，过滤，滤渣备用，合并滤液，减压蒸馏除去乙醇，在55-60℃条件下浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.25的浓缩液；
S3：将当归、枸杞、高良姜、白蔹、地榆、鲜地黄以及甘草分别粉碎，与步骤S2的滤渣混合，加入上述药材总重量6-9倍量的水，煎煮2-3次，每次1-3小时，过滤，合并滤液，在55-60℃条件下浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.25的浓缩液；
S4：将步骤S2和步骤S3中得到的浓缩液合并，混合均匀，在55-60℃条件下浓缩至相对密度为1.30-1.35的稠膏，即为中药浸膏；
S5：往步骤S4得到的中药浸膏中添加适当的辅料，制成制剂。
本发明的中药组合物优选制成散剂、软膏剂或凝胶剂，便于患者使用。
本发明中药组合物中所用组分的来源、性味、归经及功效：
艾叶：本品为菊科植物艾的干燥叶；味苦，性温；归肝、脾、肾经；散寒止痛、温经止血。
桉叶：本品为为桃金娘科植物蓝桉的叶；味苦，性温；归肺、胃、脾、肝经；疏风解表、清热解毒、化痰理气、杀虫止痒。
积雪草：本品为伞形科植物积雪草的干燥全草；味苦，性寒；归肝、脾、肾经；清热利湿、解毒消肿。
马齿苋：本品为马齿苋科植物马齿苋的干燥地上部分；味酸，性寒；归肝、大肠经；清热解毒、凉血止血。
孩儿茶：本品为豆科植物儿茶的枝干或茜草科植物儿茶钩藤的枝叶煎汁浓缩而成的干燥浸膏；味苦涩，性凉；入心、肺；清热、化痰、止血、消食、生肌、定痛。
川芎：本品为伞形科植物川芎的干燥根茎；味辛，性温；归肝、胆、心包经；活血行气、祛风止痛。
当归：本品为伞形科植物当归的干燥根；味甘，性温；归肝、心、脾经；补血活血、调经止痛、润肠通便。
枸杞：本品为茄科植物宁夏枸杞的干燥成熟果实；味甘，性平；归肝、肾经；滋补肝肾、益精明目。
高良姜：本品为姜科植物高良姜的干燥根茎；味辛，性热；归脾、胃经；温胃散寒、消食止痛。
白蔹：本品为葡萄科植物白蔹的干燥块根；味苦、性微寒；归心、胃经；清热解毒、消痈散结。
地榆：本品为蔷薇科植物地榆或长叶地榆的干燥根；味苦，性微寒；入肝、大肠经；凉血止血、解毒敛疮。
鲜地黄：本品为为玄参科植物地黄的新鲜根茎；味甘苦，性微寒；入心、肝、肾经；清热、凉血、生津。
甘草：本品为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥根；味甘，性平；归心、肺、脾、胃经；补脾益气，清热解毒，祛痰止咳，缓急止痛，调和诸药。
本发明中药组方的组方分析：
本发明中药组方是以艾叶、桉叶为君药，散寒止痛、疏风解表、清热解毒；以积雪草、马齿苋、孩儿茶、川芎为臣药，解毒消肿、生肌、祛风止痛；以当归、枸杞、高良姜、白蔹、地榆、鲜地黄为佐药，补血活血、消食止痛、解毒敛疮；以甘草为使药，使诸药协同配合，相辅相成，共同达到解毒消肿、活血祛瘀、生肌长皮等功效，对褥疮有十分显著的治疗效果。
与现有技术相比，本发明的中药组合物在治疗褥疮方面具有清热解毒、活血祛瘀、清除腐毒和生肌长皮的功效，在清除腐毒的同时疏通血脉经络，可以加快皮肤的自身代谢，使毒素和细菌能够快速排出疮口，同时进一步增强机体免疫力，增强对细菌、真菌的抵抗力，避免伤口愈合后再度感染。并且本发明提供的制备方法简便易行、适用范围广、毒副作用小、易于推广应用。
具体实施方式
本领域技术人员应理解，以下实施例中所公开的技术代表本发明人发现的在本发明的实践中发挥良好作用的技术。然而，在所公开的具体实施方案中可以做出许多改变，并仍然获得相同或相似的结果，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。
实施例1
本发明实施例1中药组合物包括以下重量份数的制备原料：艾叶25、桉叶23、积雪草18、马齿苋19、孩儿茶16、川芎17、当归12、枸杞14、高良姜12、白蔹8、地榆10、鲜地黄12以及甘草10。
制备方法
S1：按本发明中药组方称取各味中药材；
S2：将艾叶、桉叶、积雪草、马齿苋、孩儿茶以及川芎，分别粉碎，混合后加上述药材总重量10倍量的浓度为75%乙醇，浸泡9小时，回流提取3次，每次4小时，过滤，滤渣备用，合并滤液，减压蒸馏除去乙醇，在60℃条件下浓缩至相对密度为1.25的浓缩液；
S3：将当归、枸杞、高良姜、白蔹、地榆、鲜地黄以及甘草分别粉碎，与步骤S2的滤渣混合后加入药材总重量8倍量的水，煎煮3次，每次2小时，过滤，合并滤液，在60℃条件下浓缩至相对密度为1.24的浓缩液；
S4：将步骤S2和步骤S3中得到的浓缩液合并，混合均匀，在60℃条件下浓缩至相对密度为1.35的稠膏，即为中药浸膏；
S5：添加适当的辅料，利用现代通用的中药制剂技术，将S4所得中药浸膏制成软膏剂，折合生药含量为7.53g生药/管。
实施例2
本发明实施例2中药组合物包括以下重量份数的制备原料：艾叶22、桉叶19、积雪草14、马齿苋16、孩儿茶13、川芎14、当归10、枸杞11、高良姜9、白蔹5、地榆7、鲜地黄10以及甘草6。
制备方法如实施例1类似，制成凝胶剂。
实施例3
本发明实施例3中药组合物包括以下重量份数的制备原料：艾叶29、桉叶27、积雪草21、马齿苋21、孩儿茶19、川芎20、当归15、枸杞17、高良姜16、白蔹11、地榆13、鲜地黄15以及甘草13。
制备方法如实施例1类似，制成散剂。
实施例4
本发明实施例4中药组合物包括以下重量份数的制备原料：艾叶26、桉叶24、积雪草17、马齿苋18、孩儿茶15、川芎18、当归12、枸杞14、高良姜13、白蔹9、地榆11、鲜地黄12以及甘草9。
制备方法如实施例1类似。
药效学实验
一、本发明中药组合物治疗豚鼠褥疮模型试验
1.试验材料:
1.1、试验动物：雄性豚鼠，体重（275±25）g，由南京医科大学动物实验中心提供。
1.2、试验药品：实施例4制备的含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的软膏，马应龙麝香痔疮膏，国药准字为：Z42021920，购于马应龙药业集团股份有限公司。
2．建立动物模型：对60只豚鼠进行麻醉、皮肤消毒，以俯卧位固定，在靠近背部脊柱的左侧切开一长约3cm的口子，植入经高压灭菌的4.0cmx2.5cmx0.05cm不锈钢钢板，缝合切口，并包扎伤口，用绷带固定。豚鼠术后单笼喂养，观察ld。24h后用的4.0cmx2.5cmx1.0cm磁铁压迫创面（5h/d），休息12h循环1次，总压迫时间10h，记录褥疮的形成面积与分度等级。将动物单独分笼，喂养及管理条件一致。
3.试验方法：豚鼠褥疮模型形成后第2天，将豚鼠随机分为3组，分别为正常组、阳性对照组和实施例4组，各组处理如下：
正常组：用0.9%氯化钠清洗伤口后，不做其他处理；
阳性对照组：用0.9%氯化钠清洗伤口后，将马应龙麝香痔疮膏涂于伤口处；
实施例4组：用0.9%氯化钠清洗伤口后，将实施例4制备的含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的软膏涂于伤口处；
上述操作每天涂抹1次，用药14天后判断效果。
4．观察指标：
根据褥疮分期标准，治愈为伤口消失，表皮愈合；好转为伤口缩小80%，肉芽新鲜，生长好，水肿消退，渗液少；无效为伤口缩小50%，肉芽生长不良或有脓性渗液。
5．试验结果
表1豚鼠褥疮治疗效果及愈合天数比较
注：与正常组比较，△△P＜0.01。
由表1可知，使用本发明实施例4制备的含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的软膏在10天左右伤口基本愈合，而且治愈率达到75%，无效率为0，证明本发明制备的褥疮软膏对褥疮具有显著的治疗效果。
二、本发明中药组合物的临床试验
1.临床研究对象
选取100例患有褥疮的临床志愿患者，其中男60例，女40例，年龄48-88岁，患者在治疗前疮面直径1~30cm，溃疡期68例，深度溃疡期32例；将100例患者随机分为2组，分别为治疗组和对照组，每组50人。两组患者性别、年龄、病情程度及临床表现经统计学处理差异无显著性，具有可比性。
2.试验药物及试验方法
治疗组：涂抹本发明实施例4制备的含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的软膏，每天换药1次，每次0.52-1.04g，连续观察14天。
对照组：创面周围皮肤用75%酒精消毒，创面用0.1%新洁尔灭清洁，尽量剪除坏死组织，然后敷以紫草油纱布，以无菌纱布覆盖包扎，其他与观察组相同。
3.疗效标准
参照中医药管理局实施的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》并结合本研究的具体情况拟定。
痊愈：创口愈合，无炎性渗出，疮面缩小，有新生肉芽组织生成及上皮组织覆盖；
有效：创口感染控制，疮面缩小>80%，有肉芽组织生成，但创口未完全愈合；
无效：治疗前后创口对比无明显改善，未见肉芽生长，创面缩小<40%。
4.试验结果
表2两组临床疗效比较(%)
5.试验结论
试验结果显示，本发明制备的含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的软膏在治疗褥疮方面具有显著的效果，痊愈率达到76%，总有效率达到96%，明显优于对照组的效果。临床试验结果表明，本发明制备的含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的软膏在治疗褥疮方面具有显著的技术优势，可以作为临床治疗褥疮药物推广应用。
Claims (6)
1.一种含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述中药组合物包括以下重量份数的制备原料：
艾叶22-29、桉叶19-27、积雪草14-21、马齿苋16-21、孩儿茶13-19、川芎14-20、当归10-15、枸杞11-17、高良姜9-16、白蔹5-11、地榆7-13、鲜地黄10-15以及甘草6-13。
2.如权利要求1所述的含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述中药组合物包括以下重量份数的制备原料：
艾叶22、桉叶19、积雪草14、马齿苋16、孩儿茶13、川芎14、当归10、枸杞11、高良姜9、白蔹5、地榆7、鲜地黄10以及甘草6。
3.如权利要求1所述的含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述中药组合物包括以下重量份数的制备原料：
艾叶29、桉叶27、积雪草21、马齿苋21、孩儿茶19、川芎20、当归15、枸杞17、高良姜16、白蔹11、地榆13、鲜地黄15以及甘草13。
4.如权利要求1所述的含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述中药组合物包括以下重量份数的制备原料：
艾叶26、桉叶24、积雪草17、马齿苋18、孩儿茶15、川芎18、当归12、枸杞14、高良姜13、白蔹9、地榆11、鲜地黄12以及甘草9。
5.如权利要求1所述的含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述中药组合物被制成散剂、软膏剂或凝胶剂。
6.如权利要求1-4任一所述的含有艾叶的治疗褥疮的中药组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述中药组合物的制备方法包含下述步骤：
S1：按本发明中药组方称取各味中药材；
S2：将艾叶、桉叶、积雪草、马齿苋、孩儿茶以及川芎，分别粉碎，混合后加上述药材总重量8-12倍量的浓度为65-80%乙醇，浸泡6-12小时，回流提取2-3次，每次2-6小时，过滤，滤渣备用，合并滤液，减压蒸馏除去乙醇，在55-60℃条件下浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.25的浓缩液；
S3：将当归、枸杞、高良姜、白蔹、地榆、鲜地黄以及甘草分别粉碎，与步骤S2的滤渣混合，加入上述药材总重量6-9倍量的水，煎煮2-3次，每次1-3小时，过滤，合并滤液，在55-60℃条件下浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.25的浓缩液；
S4：将步骤S2和步骤S3中得到的浓缩液合并，混合均匀，在55-60℃条件下浓缩至相对密度为1.30-1.35的稠膏，即为中药浸膏；
S5：往步骤S4得到的中药浸膏中添加适当的辅料，制成制剂。
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| CN114191483A (zh) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-18 | 杨坤英 | 一种治疗压疮的去腐生肌散剂及其制备方法 |
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