CN105322677A - Switched reluctance motor - Google Patents
Switched reluctance motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105322677A CN105322677A CN201510714214.XA CN201510714214A CN105322677A CN 105322677 A CN105322677 A CN 105322677A CN 201510714214 A CN201510714214 A CN 201510714214A CN 105322677 A CN105322677 A CN 105322677A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a switched reluctance motor, relates to the technical field of body structures of switched reluctance motors, in particular to structures of stator teeth or rotor teeth. One side of each rotor tooth is reduced in the circumferential direction and the other side is amplified in the circumferential direction; or one side of each stator tooth is reduced in the circumferential direction and the other side is amplified in the circumferential direction; each rotor tooth is not symmetrical with any radial line of the motor; and each stator tooth is not symmetrical with any radial line of the motor. According to the switched reluctance motor, the stator teeth do not have a radially symmetric center line geometrically or the rotor teeth do not have the radially symmetric center line geometrically; the target of improving the power density of the motor in a rotating direction can be achieved; and meanwhile, mechanical vibration of the switched reluctance motor is also reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the body construction technical field, particularly stator tooth of switched reluctance machines or the structure of rotor tooth.
Background technology
Switched reluctance machines is because its simple stator and rotor sructure, without copper loss of rotor, non-carbonate, to be regarded as in buncher the most applicable electric automobile and other are to reliability, efficiency, and high speed has the one of the motor type of the various application of requirement.Wherein electric automobile application is the most noticeable at present, has very large economic benefits and social effect.
Switched reluctance machines relies on the air-gap field of the saliency formation of the saliency and rotor tooth form of stator profile of tooth for reducing the motion of reluctance path rotor driven, static non-loaded time under single-phase winding power, the direction of motion is the direction that the geometric center of stator tooth be wound around towards winding is alignd with nearest rotor tooth geometric center.The profile of tooth of general stator and the profile of tooth of rotor are all designed to respective radial geometric center lines symmetrical, can ensure that rotor clockwise direction is consistent with motor performance characteristic when counterclockwise rotating like this.
Moment of torsion on switch reluctance machine rotor is that the attraction of rotor tooth near the stator tooth that is alternately wound around this phase winding by each phase stator electrical current duration of existence or repulsive force produce.When electric current exists, square being directly proportional of instantaneous torque and electric current, and inductance is to rate of change dL/d θ=(Lmax-Lmin)/(the θ max – θ min) of rotor electrical degree, is directly proportional.If when wishing that the profile of tooth of motor changes the characteristic changing moment of torsion to some extent, generally also just go symmetrically to change the gradient of rotor profile of tooth and the width of tooth top and tooth paddy.Switched reluctance machines is controlled by how to manipulate phase current at the average torque of a certain whole period be energized mutually.General rational manipulation, such as under electronic operating mode, it is the negative torque contrary with its direction of motion that the time period of quite large percentage in during this should be avoided to appear at epitrochanterian as far as possible; This is because the average torque during whole energising is only the key affecting Motor torque speed characteristic curve.The fluctuation of instantaneous torque is high-frequency signal relatively, is substantially filtered by the moment of inertia filtering of rotor and load, and the average torque level stayed is only the real moment of torsion basis acted on armature spindle.This point, is even more important as under normal speed in fair speed, because inverse electromotive force is enough large, arbitrarily rises greatly, in order to obtain maximum moment of torsion, can not have the means that PWM regulates again as during low speed to prevention electric current; Employing total head controls, and obtain the maximum average torque potentiality of motor in conjunction with the rational angle of flow and the pass angle of rupture, this normal speed and its peak torque level determine the rated power of motor.Because under this operating mode, the waveform of moment of torsion changes in a big way with rotor-position, the concept of co-energy can be utilized, from 0, rise to by the magnetic field intensity in the BH curve of motor that magnetic density is maximum to be returned area that track that magnetic field intensity is 0 surrounds and weigh Power Exchange under the energy exchange of motor and normal speed.In order to increase this area, need the point having more now large magnetic field intensity low value in rising trace as much as possible.
The power density requirements of motor in electric automobile is higher for common electric machine, people wish that the material of same cost and the motor of same volume size can export more moment of torsion to load, for switching magnetic-resistance, be that its average torque ability of motor of the same volume material of requirement is larger in fact.Since be average torque, that nature and percentage have relation.If we can not change the size of maximal phase inductance (Lmax) and minimum phase inductance (Lmin), the level of stator current can not be changed, but we can change the relative percentage of positive torque effect, so can change the size of average torque; The requirement so improving power density just becomes the problem how increasing useful rotor-position constant interval.The present invention sets about realizing breaking through from this point.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to propose a kind of switched reluctance machines that can promote power of motor density in one rotational direction.
The present invention can have following three kinds of technical schemes.
Scheme one: the present invention includes stators and rotators, the stator tooth that uniform shape is identical on stator, the rotor tooth that uniform shape is identical on rotor, it is characterized in that the side of each rotor tooth is cut down in its circumferential direction, opposite side increases in its circumferential direction.Any radial transmission line of each rotor tooth to motor itself is asymmetric.
Scheme two: the present invention includes stators and rotators, the stator tooth that uniform shape is identical on stator, the rotor tooth that uniform shape is identical on rotor, it is characterized in that the side of each stator tooth is cut down in its circumferential direction, opposite side increases in its circumferential direction.Any radial transmission line of each stator tooth to motor itself is asymmetric.
Scheme three: the present invention includes stators and rotators, the stator tooth that uniform shape is identical on stator, the rotor tooth that uniform shape is identical on rotor, it is characterized in that the side of each rotor tooth is cut down in its circumferential direction, opposite side increases in its circumferential direction; The side of each stator tooth is cut down in its circumferential direction, and opposite side increases in its circumferential direction; Each rotor tooth is cut down side and each stator tooth side of increasing and is all clockwise direction side in the circumferential, or is all counter clockwise direction side.Any radial transmission line of each rotor tooth to motor itself is asymmetric, and any radial transmission line of each stator tooth to motor itself is asymmetric.
It is more than the present invention that three kinds of technical schemes are all that stator tooth does not geometrically exist radial symmetric center line to self or rotor tooth does not geometrically exist radial symmetric center line to self, all can realize the object of lifting motor power density in one rotational direction, also reduce the mechanical oscillation of switched reluctance machines simultaneously.
Scheme one is: when the radial geometric center lines of rotor tooth to oneself is symmetrical, stator tooth does not exist radial symmetric center line to oneself.
Scheme two is: when the radial geometric center lines of stator tooth to oneself is symmetrical, rotor tooth does not exist radial symmetric center line to oneself.
Scheme three is: stator tooth is to oneself there is not geometrically radial symmetric center line, and rotor tooth does not exist the radial geometric center lines to oneself yet simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be in existing motor stator tooth and rotor tooth all respectively with the initial Lmin position view that respective radial centre lines is symmetrical centre.
Fig. 2 be in existing motor stator tooth and rotor tooth all respectively with the alignment Lmax position view that respective radial centre lines is symmetrical centre.
Fig. 3 be in existing motor stator tooth and rotor tooth all respectively with the end Lmin position view that respective radial centre lines is symmetrical centre.
Fig. 4 is that inductance, electric current and the moment of torsion that in existing motor, stator tooth and rotor tooth are symmetrical centre with respective radial centre lines all respectively changes the oscillogram in one-period with rotor-position under normal speed.
Fig. 5 be the inductance of structure of the present invention, electric current and moment of torsion under normal speed with the oscillogram in rotor-position change one-period.
Fig. 6 is the rotor-position figure that the magnetic resistance under technical solution of the present invention one condition starts obviously to reduce.
Fig. 7 is the minimum rotor-position figure of the magnetic resistance under technical solution of the present invention one condition.
Fig. 8 is the rotor-position figure that the magnetic resistance of the former symmetrical profile of tooth of arrival under technical solution of the present invention one condition starts obviously to increase.
Fig. 9 is the rotor-position figure that the magnetic resistance under technical solution of the present invention one condition starts obviously to increase.
Figure 10 is the rotor-position figure that the magnetic resistance under technical solution of the present invention two condition starts obviously to reduce.
Figure 11 is the minimum rotor-position figure of the magnetic resistance of the former symmetrical profile of tooth of arrival under technical solution of the present invention two condition.
Figure 12 is the minimum rotor-position figure of the magnetic resistance under technical solution of the present invention two condition.
Figure 13 is the rotor-position figure that the magnetic resistance under technical solution of the present invention two condition starts obviously to increase.
Figure 14 is the structural representation under technical solution of the present invention three condition.
Embodiment
One, concrete scheme of the present invention:
1, as shown in Figure 6, the present invention includes stators and rotators, the stator tooth 1 that uniform shape is identical on stator, the rotor tooth 1 that uniform shape is identical on rotor.Each stator tooth 1 symmetrically designs with respective radial centre lines 3.But the side of each rotor tooth 2 is cut down in its circumferential direction, and opposite side increases in its circumferential direction.Each rotor tooth 2 that the present invention is formed itself is asymmetric to any radial transmission line of motor.
In Fig. 6, dotted portion 7 is two sides of the rotor tooth 2 symmetrically designed with respective radial centre lines 4.
2, as shown in Figure 10, the present invention includes stators and rotators, the stator tooth 1 that uniform shape is identical on stator, the rotor tooth 1 that uniform shape is identical on rotor.Each rotor tooth 2 symmetrically designs with respective rotor tooth top radial centre lines 4.But the side of each stator tooth 1 is cut down in its circumferential direction, and opposite side increases in its circumferential direction.Each stator tooth 1 that the present invention is formed itself is asymmetric to any radial transmission line of motor.
In Figure 10,3 is the radial centre lines of the stator tooth 1 of former symmetric design.
3, as shown in figure 14, the present invention can also be: the present invention includes stators and rotators, the stator tooth that uniform shape is identical on stator, the rotor tooth that uniform shape is identical on rotor.The side of each rotor tooth 2 is cut down in its circumferential direction, and opposite side increases in its circumferential direction; The side of each stator tooth 1 is cut down in its circumferential direction, and opposite side increases in its circumferential direction; And the reduction side of each rotor tooth 2 and the amplification side of each stator tooth 1 are all counterclockwise side in the circumferential.
The reduction side of each rotor tooth and the amplification side of each stator tooth also can be all clockwise direction side (scheming to omit) in the circumferential.
Two, principle analysis:
Fig. 1,2, be provided with by stators and rotators in the motor of 3, the stator tooth that uniform shape is identical on stator, the rotor tooth that uniform shape is identical on rotor, each stator tooth or rotor tooth are all designed to respective radial geometric center lines symmetrical.The some stator tooths 1 discussed and some rotor tooths 2 are all about radial symmetric, and stator tooth 1 is symmetrical relative to stator tooth top radial centre lines 3, and rotor tooth 2 is symmetrical relative to rotor tooth top radial centre lines 4.
In Fig. 1 to Fig. 3,5 and 6 radial centre lines being respectively two stator slots of stator tooth 1 both sides.
Fig. 1 gives from maximum reluctance position under diagram direction of rotation, and minimum phase inductance (Lmin) position starts the region that will enter magnetic resistance minimizing.At this moment rotor tooth top radial centre lines 4 and stator slot radial centre lines 5 are alignd, and the air-gap separation between this position stator to rotor is maximum.
Fig. 2 is that rotor tooth 2 moves one to distance from the original position Fig. 1, and now rotor tooth top radial centre lines 4 and stator tooth top radial centre lines 3 are alignd, and at this moment magnetic resistance is minimum, and phase inductance is maximum, has arrived Lmax.
Fig. 3 be rotor tooth 2 continue to have advanced to rotor tooth top radial centre lines 4 align next stator slot radial centre lines 6 time, phase inductance has been reduced to again minimum value Lmin.So far, this phase control end cycle.
Under normal speed this phase inductance with the rotational angle of rotor tooth 2 change as shown in Figure 4, the waveform and the torque waveform that also have phase current that show in the diagram simultaneously.In Fig. 4, θ 1 is the position that Fig. 1 rotor is corresponding, and θ 3 is positions that Fig. 3 rotor is corresponding, and θ 3-θ 1 represents the electric cycle 360 degree in rotor rotation; θ 2 is positions that Fig. 2 rotor is corresponding.
If the profile of tooth of stator rotor is symmetrical, so θ 2-θ 1 is 180 electrical degrees; θ 3-θ 2 is also 180 electrical degrees; As can be seen from Figure 4: the average torque level in the normal speed next electricity cycle can only be change the merit angle of turn-on and turn-off thus the waveform of change electric current and level under symmetrical profile of tooth condition; In order to the studied proposition of the various effort of this object worldwide is made an issue of from electric machine controller, make an issue of from design of electrical motor.
But change the relative position of θ 2 to also there not being proposition so far thus causing the phase place span of inductance rising stage to be different from the design of the phase place span of inductance decrement phase.Moment of torsion negative in Fig. 4 occupies rear half 180 degree of cycle (because having phase current to appear at the inductance gradient interval of decline) of a part, is the control program being forced in order to overall average moment of torsion is larger take.This is mainly because the magnetic flux in winding needs to get back to 0 before the next cycle starts, and negative voltage is applied on winding, but magnetic flux decline needs the time.Generally consider from torque maximization target, the strategy of optimized controller be negative pressure not too early appear on winding, allow some negative torques to occur but forward current and moment of torsion obtain higher starting point.Even if negative torque occurs, its level is very little for the positive-torque level of front half cycle, if ignored, the moment of torsion mean value in whole cycle is determined the area that phase place changes by the moment of torsion of positive half cycle.But under symmetrical profile of tooth condition, the phase place excursion that this area is corresponding is limited in again within 180 degree.
The average level of the positive-torque the phase region from the starting position of Lmin to Lmax is defined as Tp_average, Lmax change in location to Lmin phase region between negative torque average level be defined as Tn_average, average torque T_average=((Tp_average*(θ 2-θ 1 under the so whole cycle))-(Tn_average*(θ 3-θ 2)))/(θ 3-θ 1), when profile of tooth is symmetrical, T_average=(Tp_average-Tn_average)/2.
If but we can break through and allow the position of θ 2 move toward the position being greater than 180, so we can obtain larger average torque, and do not need to change current waveform and control strategy.
If for example θ 2 distance theta 1 is 240 degree, that T_average=2/3*Tp_average-1/3*Tn_average.
In view of Tn_average is always much little relative to Tp_average, if ignored further, compare the moment of torsion that we roughly can obtain 4/3 times with symmetrical profile of tooth; If Tn_average is 10% of Tp_average, we roughly obtain the moment of torsion of 1.407 times.
As increased the size of θ 2 in the diagram, and maintain the waveform of mean forward current and level substantially constant, will draw as shown in Figure 5.Core concept of the present invention changes electric machine structure exactly, makes θ 2-θ 1 be not equal to 180 degree, the symmetry of rotor between cog to destroying.There is θ 2-θ 1 to be greater than 180 degree under this direction that rotor must be caused to rotate, and be less than 180 degree under another direction.When motor is along when being greater than that corresponding to 180 degree, direction rotates, the average torque potentiality of motor can be increased, and when another direction rotates, its moment of torsion potentiality are cut down.
For the electric automobile application of normal domestic, torque demand maximum under actual driving cycles appears at when climbing to dead ahead; The tailstock is not needed up to climb the slope of same angle during reversing.To also have when running at high speed under overcoming forward travel that moment of torsion design requirement that windage brings also refers to, not requiring even not allow reversing back under same high speed.With such understanding, under another direction that the present invention brings, moment of torsion potentiality have been not just problems by the feature of cutting down.
Suppose that motor size keeps identical under symmetric teeth and asymmetric tooth.Fig. 6 to Fig. 9 provides a kind of stator tooth and keeps symmetrical to the radial centre lines of oneself, but rotor tooth is no longer to the legend of the radial centre lines symmetry of oneself.
In Fig. 6 to Fig. 9,5 and 6 radial centre lines being respectively two stator slots of symmetric figure stator tooth 1 both sides of discussion.Dotted portion 7 is the part of existing symmetric figure rotor tooth 2.
In Fig. 7, the stator corresponding to magnetic resistance minimum position is the same with keeping the motor of rotor profile of tooth symmetry to the gas length of rotor, so just can ensure that the level of maximal phase inductance L max is substantially constant.Rotor tooth simultaneously in Fig. 6 does not change the length of maximum air gap, does not change the level of minimum phase inductance Lmin yet.Like this, the average torque Tp_average of motor can remain unchanged substantially under corresponding optimal control angle, and the phase difference of just this torque level effect significantly changed accounts for the percentage in whole cycle.As can be seen from Figure 7 the rotor radial center line under former symmetrical profile of tooth need continue to depart from certain angle along direction of rotation just can reach minimum reluctance position, this means that new rotor tooth form structure allows Lmax appear on the position of distance Lmin more than 180 electrical degrees.
Fig. 8 is presented at original rotor tooth form symmetric condition lower rotor part and leaves under the phase magnetic resistance that to overlap with stator tooth starts the position obviously increased, and new asymmetric rotor also has and the intersection of stator tooth, and magnetic resistance is also smaller, and inductance is also in Lmax region.
Fig. 9 is the position arrived after unsymmetrical tooth profile rotor of the present invention further rotates β angle from the position of Fig. 8, and motor arrives the phase place that oneself magnetic resistance enlarges markedly.
Figure 10 to Figure 13 gives a kind of rotor tooth and keeps symmetrical to the radial centre lines of oneself, but stator tooth is no longer to the legend of the radial centre lines symmetry of oneself.In these legends, stator tooth one end unfilled corner increases air gap, and the other end increases the level that angle maintains maximum induction value and symmetrical next sample of profile of tooth.
In Figure 10 to 13,4 is the radial centre lines of symmetrical rotor tooth 2, and 1 be the stator tooth that will discuss, and 3 is the radial centre lines of the stator tooth 1 of symmetry in prior art, and 5 and 6 is the stator slot radial centre lines in stator tooth 1 both sides.
Rotor relative to stator diverse location state diagram respectively as shown in Figure 10 to Figure 13, wherein Figure 10 is the rotor-position that phase inductance starts obviously to increase, than under former symmetrical profile of tooth slightly close to stator tooth a bit; Figure 11 is the rotor position that magnetic resistance is minimum under former symmetrical stator profile of tooth, but affects due to the air gap of unfilled corner, and present magnetic resistance is not minimum under this position; Figure 12 is the rotor-position that under present asymmetric stator profile of tooth, magnetic resistance is minimum, and increases angle coverage rate and overlap, and compares add an electrical degree β with Figure 11 position; Figure 13 is that rotor further rotates the original position leaving stator increasing angle coverage rate, and now magnetic resistance gets back to maximum horizontal.
If stator tooth does not have the radial symmetric center line of oneself, and rotor tooth does not have the situation of the radial symmetric center line of oneself yet, at this moment gets on to consider that result is similar from the effect of average torque.
The vibration noise of switched reluctance machines is caused by many factors, assuming that during the action indifference of peripheral control circuits, motor is also mainly limited by rotor tooth close to stator tooth and leave in the process of stator tooth, the size of the radial component of tooth between cog active force and frequency thereof.When frequency and size and motor itself mechanical resonance parameter close to time just there will be the periodically obviously deformation occur more serious machinery noise problem of rotor size and stator dimensions.Under symmetrical profile of tooth, the active force between the position stator tooth that magnetic resistance is minimum and rotor tooth becomes radial load completely.And due to the impact of the physical dimension of tooth in asymmetric situation, no matter always the magnetic line of force in rotor or stator silicon steel sheet and between radial transmission line rotor-position how to have angle.Radial load can be cut down well when designing proper, reduce noise.In addition under Fig. 6 position, due to rotor unfilled corner, stator tooth to Fig. 7 situation of its attraction and non-unfilled corner than soft, show as dL/d θ in two teeth process close to each other smaller, positive torque is initial occurs that period instantaneous torque is smaller, so also gathering way of tangential forces can be reduced, the stress response reducing material and the noise caused thereof.In Figure 12, the existence of β causes Stator forces to have individual cos β decay doubly just to act on tooth 1 bottom it, and the situation of Fig. 6 is also similar.
Claims (3)
1. a switched reluctance machines, comprises stators and rotators, the stator tooth that uniform shape is identical on stator, the rotor tooth that uniform shape is identical on rotor, and it is characterized in that the side of each rotor tooth is cut down in its circumferential direction, opposite side increases in its circumferential direction.
2. a switched reluctance machines, comprises stators and rotators, the stator tooth that uniform shape is identical on stator, the rotor tooth that uniform shape is identical on rotor, and it is characterized in that the side of each stator tooth is cut down in its circumferential direction, opposite side increases in its circumferential direction.
3. a switched reluctance machines, comprises stators and rotators, the stator tooth that uniform shape is identical on stator, the rotor tooth that uniform shape is identical on rotor, and it is characterized in that the side of each rotor tooth is cut down in its circumferential direction, opposite side increases in its circumferential direction; The side of each stator tooth is cut down in its circumferential direction, and opposite side increases in its circumferential direction; Each rotor tooth is cut down side and each stator tooth side of increasing and is all clockwise direction side in the circumferential, or is all counter clockwise direction side.
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| CN201510714214.XA CN105322677A (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2015-10-29 | Switched reluctance motor |
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| CN201510714214.XA CN105322677A (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2015-10-29 | Switched reluctance motor |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105846562A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-10 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Novel switch magnetic reluctance motor |
| CN106341021A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-01-18 | 深圳市配天电机技术有限公司 | Electric vehicle, wheel, switched reluctance motor thereof and switched reluctance motor system |
| CN107104569A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-08-29 | 杭州同孚环保科技有限公司 | A kind of motor of use coil permanent magnet combination stator |
| CN109831085A (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2019-05-31 | 深圳市配天电机技术有限公司 | Switched reluctance machines, electric car and electrical equipment |
| CN111510047A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-07 | 电子科技大学 | Switched reluctance motor vibration and noise reduction method based on motor structural characteristics |
| CN113765245A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-07 | 浙江皇冠电动工具制造有限公司 | Switched reluctance motor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106341021A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-01-18 | 深圳市配天电机技术有限公司 | Electric vehicle, wheel, switched reluctance motor thereof and switched reluctance motor system |
| CN106385118A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-02-08 | 深圳市配天电机技术有限公司 | Electric vehicle, wheel and switched reluctance motor |
| CN106451984A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-02-22 | 深圳市配天电机技术有限公司 | Electric vehicle, wheel and switched reluctance motor |
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| CN105846562A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-10 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Novel switch magnetic reluctance motor |
| CN107104569A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-08-29 | 杭州同孚环保科技有限公司 | A kind of motor of use coil permanent magnet combination stator |
| CN107104569B (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2023-04-25 | 杭州同孚环保科技有限公司 | Motor adopting coil permanent magnet combined stator |
| CN109831085A (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2019-05-31 | 深圳市配天电机技术有限公司 | Switched reluctance machines, electric car and electrical equipment |
| CN111510047A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-07 | 电子科技大学 | Switched reluctance motor vibration and noise reduction method based on motor structural characteristics |
| CN111510047B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2023-03-10 | 电子科技大学 | Switched reluctance motor vibration and noise reduction method based on motor structural characteristics |
| CN113765245A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-07 | 浙江皇冠电动工具制造有限公司 | Switched reluctance motor |
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Application publication date: 20160210 |
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