JP2012175738A - Permanent magnet type rotary electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a permanent magnet type rotary electric machine which can operate at a variable speed over a wide range from a low speed to a high speed, have high efficiency in the whole operation range from the low speed to the high speed, and reduce the capacity of a power element of an inverter.SOLUTION: The permanent magnet type rotary electric machine is characterized in: forming magnetic poles of a rotor using two or more kinds of permanent magnet differing in recoil magnetic permeability; forming the rotor by arranging the plurality of magnetic poles in a rotor icon core; arranging a stator at an outer periphery of the rotor across an air gap; providing the stator with an armature icon core and an armature winding; and reversibly changing a magnetic flux amount of the permanent magnets constituting the magnetic poles of the rotor with a magnetic field produced by the armature winding. Consequently, a reverse magnetic field operates on the respective permanent magnets in a weak field magnetic region of high-speed rotation, but permanent magnets having small recoil magnetic permeability do not have large change of magnetic flux because of their characteristics. Permanent magnets having large recoil magnetic permeability, however, have great decrease of magnetic flux as the reverse magnetic field operates on them.

Description

  In this embodiment of the present invention, two or more types of permanent magnets are used, and the amount of magnetic flux of at least one of the permanent magnets is reversibly changed to enable variable speed operation in a wide range from low speed to high speed. The present invention relates to a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine.

  In a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine in which a permanent magnet is built in a rotor, the interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is always generated with a constant strength, so that the induced voltage by the permanent magnet increases in proportion to the rotational speed. Therefore, when variable speed operation is performed from low speed to high speed, the induced voltage (back electromotive voltage) by the permanent magnet becomes extremely high at high speed rotation. When the induced voltage by the permanent magnet is applied to the electronic part crystal of the inverter and exceeds the withstand voltage, the electronic part crystal breaks down. For this reason, it is conceivable to perform a design in which the amount of magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is reduced so as to be equal to or lower than the withstand voltage, but in that case, the output and efficiency in the low speed region of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine are reduced.

  In other words, when performing variable speed operation close to running output from low speed to high speed, the flux linkage of the permanent magnet is constant, so in the high speed rotation range, the voltage of the rotating electrical machine reaches the upper limit of the power supply voltage and the current required for output is It stops flowing. As a result, the output is greatly reduced in the high-speed rotation region, and further, it cannot be driven in a wide range up to the high-speed rotation.

JP 2006-280195 A Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-296080

Design and control of embedded magnet synchronous motor, Yoji Takeda et al., Ohm

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, enables variable speed operation in a wide range from low speed to high speed, and can achieve high efficiency in the entire operation range from low speed to high speed. An object of the present invention is to obtain a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine that can also reduce the amount of electric power.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine of the embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic pole of the rotor is formed by using two or more kinds of permanent magnets having different recoil permeability, and this magnetic pole is rotated. A plurality of rotors are arranged in the core of the rotor to form a rotor, and a stator is disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor via an air gap. The stator is provided with an armature core and an armature winding. The magnetic flux amount of the permanent magnet constituting the magnetic pole of the rotor is reversibly changed by the magnetic field generated by the winding.

Sectional drawing for 1 pole of the rotor of Example 1 of this invention The graph which shows the magnetic characteristic of two types of magnets from which the recoil permeability of Example 1 of this invention differs Sectional drawing for 1 pole of the rotor of the modification of Example 1 of this invention The rotor perspective view of Example 2 of the present invention. Conceptual diagram of permanent magnet arrangement and magnetic flux waveform during low-speed rotation in Example 3 of the present invention Conceptual diagram of permanent magnet arrangement and magnetic flux waveform at high speed rotation of Example 3 of the present invention Sectional drawing for 1 pole of rotor of Example 4 of this invention Sectional drawing for 1 pole of rotor of Example 5 of this invention Sectional drawing for 1 pole of the rotor of the modification of Example 5 of this invention Sectional drawing for 1 pole of rotor of Example 6 of this invention Cross-sectional view of a magnetized yoke structure during magnetization to obtain a permanent magnet of Example 6 of the present invention Structural sectional drawing of the modification of the magnetizing yoke at the time of magnetization for obtaining the permanent magnet of Example 6 of the present invention

  Embodiments of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Although the rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment has been described with eight poles, the present invention can be similarly applied to other numbers of poles.

Example 1
[1-1. Basic configuration]
The configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one pole of a rotor 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the first embodiment is composed of a rotor core 2, a stator 3, a permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability, and a permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability. The permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability and the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability may be magnets having different recoil permeability, such as a material, a manufacturing method, and a method of imparting magnetic characteristics of the magnet. Is free.

  In the rotor core 2, the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability and the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability are arranged in a straight line in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic pole center of the magnetic pole portion. That is, the permanent magnet 4 having a large recoil permeability and the permanent magnet 5 having a small recoil permeability are arranged in parallel on the magnetic circuit. At the same time, the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability is disposed on the side of the rotor 2 in the rotation direction with respect to the magnetic pole center of the magnetic pole portion, and the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability is the magnetic pole portion. It arrange | positions on the rotation direction delay side of the rotor 2 on the basis of the magnetic pole center. At this time, the magnetic pole central axis direction in the magnetic pole part is d-axis, and the central axis direction between the magnetic poles in the magnetic pole part is q-axis.

  The permanent magnet 4 forming the magnetic pole part with a small recoil permeability and the permanent magnet 5 with a large recoil permeability arranged in a straight line in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic pole center of the magnetic pole part. You may arrange in a shape or U shape. In FIG. 1, the number of permanent magnets 4 having a small recoil permeability and the number of permanent magnets 5 having a large recoil permeability are one, but two or more can be used.

  A conductive member is disposed around the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability. As shown in FIG. 1, as the conductive member, a conductive coating layer 8 obtained by coating the surface of the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability with a conductive material may be provided. As a modification of the present embodiment, instead of the conductive coating layer 8 as a conductive member, as shown in FIG. 2, the conductive member is made of a conductive member in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability. A short-circuit coil 9 can also be provided.

  A stator 3 is provided on the outer periphery of the rotor core 2 through an air gap. Although not shown, this stator has an armature core and an armature winding. A magnetic field is generated by the current flowing through the armature winding. The armature winding is connected to a power supply system provided outside the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine. In the power supply system, an electric power necessary for driving the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine is supplied using an inverter. The withstand voltage of the electronic components used in this inverter can withstand the induced electromotive voltage when the rotor reaches maximum rotation with the linkage magnetic flux minimized by reversibly changing the magnetic pole of the rotor. It shall be possible.

[1-2. Characteristics of permanent magnets with different recoil permeability]
The characteristics of two types of permanent magnets having different recoil permeability will be described. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the magnetic characteristics of two types of magnets A and B having different recoil permeability.

  In FIG. 3, the recoil permeability is represented by the slope of the BH curve of the magnet. In the magnet A having an ideal square IH curve, the recoil permeability is 1. Further, in the magnet B having an inclined IH curve, the recoil permeability is larger than 1. Therefore, the permanent magnet showing the magnetic characteristics of the magnet A is used as the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability, and the permanent magnet showing the magnetic characteristics of the magnet B is used as the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability. be able to.

  The recoil permeability of a magnet that is completely magnetized with respect to a general magnet material is approximately 1, and it is difficult to obtain a magnet having a large recoil permeability characteristic. However, since the alnico magnet is in a fully magnetized state and the recoil permeability is about 3 or so, the characteristics of the magnet B in FIG. 3 are shown. Therefore, the same effect can be obtained even if a permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability, such as an alnico magnet, having a recoil permeability larger than 1 is used as the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability.

  Further, as the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability, a bonded magnet including a nanocomposite magnet powder having a hard magnetic phase having a high coercive force and a soft magnetic phase having a high residual magnetic flux density can be used. In such a bond magnet, the recoil permeability can be easily increased by adjusting the volume ratio of the soft magnetic phase in the nanocomposite magnet powder, so that the same effect as that of the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability can be obtained. Can do.

[1-3. Features of fully magnetized magnets and incompletely magnetized magnets]
The fully magnetized magnet and the incompletely magnetized magnet will be described.

  A magnet of a general magnetic material such as a neodymium (NdFeB) magnet among the magnet materials shows the magnetic characteristics of the magnet A of FIG. 3 when the magnet is completely magnetized. On the other hand, when the magnetic material is incompletely magnetized, the characteristics of the magnet B in FIG. 3 are shown. Therefore, the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability is a completely magnetized magnet (hereinafter referred to as a fully magnetized magnet), and the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability is an incompletely magnetized magnet (hereinafter referred to as a magnet). , Incompletely magnetized magnets).

  Such a fully magnetized magnet and an incompletely magnetized magnet can be incorporated into the rotor 1 after magnetizing a magnet with a predetermined magnetic force. It is also possible to construct a rotor by incorporating a magnet to become the rotor core 2 and thereafter perform magnetization (post-magnetization). By performing this post-magnetization, the magnet before magnetization can be incorporated into the rotor, and the working efficiency can be greatly improved as compared with inserting the magnet after magnetization.

[1-4. Basic action]
Next, the operation of the first embodiment will be described.
The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine having the configuration as in this embodiment changes the amount of magnetic flux of the incompletely magnetized magnet according to the rotational speed of the rotor. The total number of flux linkages in the rotor 1 is the sum of the magnetic flux generated from the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability and the magnetic flux generated from the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability.

  In the low-speed rotation region, the operating points of the magnets are the operating points A and B of the magnet A (the operating point of the permanent magnet having a small recoil permeability) and the operating of the magnet B (the permanent magnet having a large recoil permeability) in FIG. Point) operating point A. That is, in the BH curves of the magnets A and B, the operating point has a high magnetic flux density, and a large torque can be obtained.

  On the other hand, in the high-speed rotation region, a weak magnetic field control is performed to suppress the induced voltage. In the weak magnetic field control, a magnetic field is generated by passing a current whose phase is further advanced than the current phase for obtaining a necessary torque. This magnetic field acts as a reverse magnetic field on the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability of the rotor 1 and the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability. Accordingly, the operating points of the fully magnetized magnet 3 and the incompletely magnetized magnet 4 move from the operating point A to the operating point B, respectively. That is, in the BH curves of the magnets A and B, the operating point has a low magnetic flux density, and the number of flux linkages can be reduced. Therefore, the induced voltage induced by the stator coil can be suppressed.

[1-5. Action of permanent magnet 5 with large recoil permeability]
The magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet 5 in which the recoil permeability is increased by the magnetic field by the weakening magnetic field control is significantly lower than the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet 4 in which the recoil permeability is decreased. That is, by using the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability, it is possible to reduce the current when performing the weakening magnetic field control, and therefore it is possible to reduce the copper loss when performing the weakening magnetic field control.

  Further, the demagnetizing field of the weak magnetic field control generates a harmonic magnetic flux, and an increase in the voltage generated by the harmonic magnetic flux creates a limit of the voltage reduction by the weak magnetic flux control. However, since the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability requires less current when performing weakening magnetic field control, an increase in harmonic magnetic flux can be suppressed. Further, it is possible to suppress an increase in iron loss due to the harmonic magnetic flux, a decrease in efficiency in the middle / high speed range, or a vibration due to the harmonic magnetic flux.

[1-6. Action of conductive member]
Next, the operation of the conductive member will be described. In general, in an inverter, a short-time pulse current may occur during switching. In such a case, unexpected irreversible demagnetization or magnetization may occur, the recoil permeability may change, and the above effects may not be obtained. In particular, the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability causes irreversible demagnetization with a small reverse magnetic field as compared with the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability.

  On the other hand, by arranging a conductive member around the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability, the pulsed magnetic flux generated by the pulsed current as described above has a large recoil permeability. When trying to pass through the permanent magnet 5, a current flows through the conductive coating so as to prevent the magnetic flux from changing. Thereby, the irreversible magnetizing or demagnetizing of the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability can be prevented.

[1-7. effect]
The effect of the first embodiment as described above is that the total interlinkage magnetic flux amount of the fully magnetized magnet 3 having a large recoil permeability and the incompletely magnetized magnet having a small recoil permeability is reduced by a weak magnetic field current. Can be reduced by. As a result, an increase in loss due to field weakening control at high speed rotation can be minimized, and operation can be performed with high efficiency. Moreover, since the reverse magnetic field can be reduced during low-speed rotation, the total flux linkage returns to the original.

  Thus, since the total flux linkage can be adjusted according to the operating conditions, it is possible to operate with high efficiency over a wide range from low speed to high speed. At the same time, by using a magnet having a low recoil permeability, the d-axis magnetization current required for changing the flux linkage can be reduced, so that the power element and power supply capacity for operating the rotating electrical machine can be reduced.

(Example 2)
[2-1. Constitution]
The configuration of the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is an oblique view of the rotor 1 showing Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

  In Example 2, the radial cross section of the rotor 1 is the same as that in FIG. 1, but the rotor iron core 2 is divided into two in the axial direction. That is, the rotor core 2 is composed of a rotor core 2A and a rotor core 2B.

  In the rotor 1 configured as described above, the magnet position of the rotor core 2A is arranged such that the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability is arranged on the angle side with respect to the rotation direction, and the recoil permeability is small on the delay side. The permanent magnet 4 is arranged. As for the magnet position of the other rotor core 2B, the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability is arranged on the angle side with respect to the rotation direction, and the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability is arranged on the delay side. .

[2-2. Effect]
In the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine configured as described above, a skew effect can be obtained in addition to the effects of the first embodiment. That is, by combining two rotor cores 2A and 2B having different magnetic flux distributions, the magnetic flux distribution on the surface of the rotor 1 becomes a waveform closer to a sine wave. Thereby, in the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment, the harmonic iron loss is reduced, and high-efficiency operation becomes possible.

(Example 3)
[3-1. Constitution]
Example 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of the permanent magnet arrangement of Example 3 of the present invention and the magnetic flux waveform at low speed rotation, and FIG. 6 is the concept of the permanent magnet arrangement of Example 3 of the present invention and the magnetic flux waveform at high speed rotation. FIG.

  In the third embodiment, the positions of the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability and the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability in the first embodiment are changed. In the third embodiment, the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability is disposed in the central portion in the rotation direction of the magnetic pole part, and the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability is formed of the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability. Arrange before and after the rotation direction.

[3-2. Effect]
In the permanent magnet rotating electric machine configured as described above, since a large reverse magnetic field is not applied to each magnet during low rotation, each magnet generates a magnetic flux A corresponding to the operating point A in FIG. Therefore, the magnetic flux waveform is a substantially rectangular magnetic flux waveform as shown in the upper part of FIG. On the other hand, at the time of high-speed rotation, when a weak magnetic field control is performed, a reverse magnetic field is applied to each magnet, the operating point of each magnet is the position of the operating point B in FIG. 3, and the recoil permeability arranged on both sides is The magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 that becomes large suddenly decreases, and the magnetic flux waveform becomes a magnetic flux waveform closer to a sine wave than a rectangular wave, as shown in the upper part of FIG.

  Therefore, in the field weakening region of high-speed rotation, by performing field weakening, the incompletely magnetized magnets on both sides reversibly demagnetize, resulting in a magnetic flux distribution waveform that is closer to a sine wave than a rectangular wave, and harmonic iron loss is reduced. Therefore, highly efficient operation is possible.

Example 4
[4-1. Constitution]
Example 4 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of one rotor pole according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

  In the configuration of the fourth embodiment, in one magnetic pole of the rotor core 2, a permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability and a permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability are arranged in the radial direction in the central portion in the rotation direction of the magnetic pole. One magnetic pole is formed by arranging them in an overlapping manner. That is, the magnetic pole is formed by arranging the permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability and the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability in series. Further, a stator 3 composed of a stator iron core having a coil is disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor 1 through a gap, and the rotor 1 is rotated by a magnetic field formed by energizing the stator coil. Let

[4-2. Effect]
In the rotating electric machine according to the fifth embodiment configured as described above, as in the other embodiments, when the rotational speed reaches the high speed rotation region, the field weakening control, that is, the current phase is set to suppress an increase in the induced voltage due to the permanent magnet in the rotor 1. Control to superimpose the advanced current is performed. This field weakening control acts on the permanent magnet in the rotor 1 as a reverse magnetic field.

  This effect is the same as in the fifth embodiment, and the incompletely magnetized magnet 4 is weakened by a reverse magnetic field by field weakening control, and the amount of flux linkage generated from the rotor 1 is reduced. As in the other embodiments, it is possible to reduce the loss, reduce the loss, and enable high-efficiency operation. However, the fully magnetized magnet 5 and the incompletely magnetized magnet 4 are overlapped in the radial direction to rotate the magnetic pole By disposing in the center, the circumferential dimension of the magnet can be reduced, and multipolarization is possible.

(Example 5)
[5-1. Constitution]
A fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a radial cross-sectional view of one rotor pole according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

  In the configuration of the fifth embodiment, in one magnetic pole of the rotor core 2, a permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability and a permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability are overlapped in the radial direction at the center of the magnetic pole in the rotation direction. The permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability is arranged on both the advance side and the delay side in the rotational direction to constitute a magnetic pole. Further, a stator 3 composed of a stator iron core having a coil is disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor 1 through a gap, and the rotor 1 is rotated by a magnetic field formed by energizing the stator coil. Let

  FIG. 9 is a radial cross-sectional view of one rotor pole showing the configuration of another rotating electrical machine according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. A permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability is arranged in the center of the magnetic pole in the rotational direction, and a permanent magnet 4 having a small recoil permeability and a permanent magnet having a large recoil permeability on both the forward side and the delayed side in the rotational direction. The magnetic poles are configured by overlapping 5 in the radial direction. Further, a stator 3 composed of a stator iron core having a coil is disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor 1 through a gap, and the rotor 1 is rotated by a magnetic field formed by energizing the stator coil. Let

[5-2. Effect]
In the rotating electric machine according to the fifth embodiment configured as described above, as in the other embodiments, when the rotational speed reaches the high speed rotation region, the field weakening control, that is, the current phase is set to suppress an increase in the induced voltage due to the permanent magnet in the rotor 1. Control to superimpose the advanced current is performed. This field weakening control acts on the permanent magnet in the rotor 1 as a reverse magnetic field. Similarly in the fifth embodiment, the incompletely magnetized magnet 4 is weakened by a reverse magnetic field by field weakening control, and the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux generated from the rotor 1 is reduced, so that the field weakening current is small. The loss is reduced and high-efficiency operation is possible as in the other embodiments.

  Furthermore, when the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability is arranged at the center of the magnetic pole, it is less susceptible to the reverse magnetic field when generating the maximum torque for low-speed rotation, and the maximum torque can be maintained large. In addition, when the permanent magnet 5 having a large recoil permeability is arranged not at the center of the magnetic pole rotation direction but at the rotation side advance side and the delay side of the rotor 1, the change width of the total interlinkage magnetic flux amount should be increased. Therefore, the loss reduction effect in the high-speed rotation region is increased.

(Example 6)
[6-1. Constitution]
A sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 10 is a radial cross-sectional view of the magnetic poles for one pole of the rotor of the rotating electrical machine according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

  In the sixth embodiment, in one magnetic pole of the rotor core 2, the magnetic pole is composed of an integral permanent magnet 6. This integral permanent magnet 6 has a partially incompletely magnetized portion 6A and a completely magnetized portion 6B, and the recoil permeability varies depending on the location. The conductive plate 11 is disposed on one side or both sides of the surface perpendicular to the magnetization direction of the portion to be the incompletely magnetized magnet 6A.

  The permanent magnet 6 having a different recoil permeability depending on the location may constitute a permanent magnet by partially changing the magnet material or operating the particle or magnetic orientation. Thereafter, the permanent magnet is magnetized to partially have an incompletely magnetized portion and a completely magnetized portion, whereby the recoil permeability can be changed depending on the location.

[6-2. Method of magnetizing permanent magnet 6]
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a magnetizing method for magnetizing the permanent magnet 6 having the incompletely magnetized portion 6A and the fully magnetized portion 6B according to the sixth embodiment.

  Magnetization method for permanent magnet 6 having partially incompletely magnetized portion 6A and fully magnetized portion 6B, magnetizing sandwiching permanent magnet 6 between trapezoidal magnetized yoke 7A and planar magnetized yoke 7B I do. In this case, since the magnetizing yoke 7A has a trapezoidal shape, the portion where the permanent magnet 6 and the trapezoidal yoke 7A and the yoke 7B are in close contact with each other becomes a completely magnetized portion 6B, and the trapezoidal yoke 7A The portion that is not in contact becomes the incompletely magnetized portion 6A.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining another magnetizing method for magnetizing the permanent magnet 6 having the incompletely magnetized portion 6A and the fully magnetized portion 6B of the sixth embodiment. As a method for magnetizing the permanent magnet 6, the magnetizing yoke 7 </ b> C is magnetized by sandwiching the permanent magnet 6 between the magnetizing yoke 7 </ b> C having a convex central portion and a lower end and a flat yoke 7 </ b> D. At this time, by adopting a configuration in which the copper plate 11 is arranged in the lower portion of the magnetized yoke 7A and the yoke 7D, the magnetic field for magnetization is reduced and applied to the portion where the copper plate 11 is arranged. The portion becomes the incompletely magnetized portion 6A.

[6-3. Effect]
In the rotating electric machine according to the sixth embodiment configured as described above, as in the other embodiments, when the rotational speed reaches the high speed rotation region, the field weakening control, that is, the current phase is set to suppress an increase in the induced voltage due to the permanent magnet in the rotor 1. Control to superimpose the advanced current is performed. This field weakening control acts on the permanent magnet in the rotor 1 as a reverse magnetic field. Similarly in the sixth embodiment, the incompletely magnetized magnet 4 is weakened by a reverse magnetic field by field weakening control, and the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux generated from the rotor 1 is reduced, so that the field weakening current is small. The loss is reduced and high-efficiency operation is possible as in the other embodiments.

  In the sixth embodiment, since the copper plate 11 is disposed in a portion of the integral permanent magnet 6 made of a uniform magnet material in a portion where incomplete magnetization is desired, the permanent magnet is disposed on the rotor core 2 of the rotor 1. Magnetization after incorporating 6 is possible, and manufacturability is simplified.

(Other examples)
Although the eight-pole rotating electric machine is shown in the first to seventh embodiments, the present invention is naturally applicable to rotating electric machines having other numbers of poles such as four poles and twelve poles. It goes without saying that the position and shape of the permanent magnets change somewhat depending on the number of poles, and the operation and effect can be obtained in the same manner.
Moreover, in the permanent magnet which forms a magnetic pole, the definition which distinguishes a permanent magnet with recoil permeability is made. Therefore, if the magnet has a different recoil permeability, the same operation and effect can be obtained regardless of the material, the manufacturing method, how to obtain the magnetic characteristics, and the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Rotor 2 ... Rotor core 2A ... Rotor core A
2B ... Rotor core B
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Stator 4 ... Permanent magnet with which recoil permeability becomes small 5 ... Permanent magnet with which recoil permeability becomes large 6 ... Permanent magnet 6A which has incompletely magnetized part ... Incomplete magnet with incompletely magnetized part Magnetized portion 6B ... Completely magnetized portion of magnet having incompletely magnetized portion 7 ... Magnetized yoke 7A ... Magnetized yoke 7B ... Magnetized yoke 7C ... Magnetized yoke 7D ... Magnetized yoke 8 ... Conductive coating 9 ... Short-circuit coil 10 ... Permanent magnet 11 ... Copper plate

Claims (20)

The rotor magnetic pole is formed using two or more types of permanent magnets having different recoil permeability,
A plurality of these magnetic poles are arranged in the rotor core to form a rotor,
Place the stator through the air gap on the outer periphery of this rotor,
This stator is provided with an armature core and an armature winding,
A permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine that reversibly changes the amount of magnetic flux of a permanent magnet constituting the magnetic pole of the rotor by a magnetic field generated by the armature winding.   2. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein two or more types of permanent magnets having different recoil permeability are arranged in series and / or in parallel on a magnetic circuit to form a magnetic pole of a rotor. .   The said permanent magnet arrange | positioned in parallel on a magnetic circuit is substantially linear, arrange | positioned in V shape or U shape, and forms the magnetic pole of a rotor, The Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. Permanent magnet type rotating electric machine.   The permanent magnet located on the rotation direction advance side is a permanent magnet having a large recoil permeability, and the permanent magnet on the rotation direction delay side is a permanent magnet having a small recoil permeability. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to the item. In the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, having a rotor core that is divided into two or more parts in the axial direction.
A permanent magnet rotating electrical machine characterized in that magnets having different recoil permeability are arranged differently in a rotor core divided in the axial direction.   The permanent magnet per pole of the rotor is divided into three or more parts, the permanent magnet arranged in the center of the magnetic pole is a permanent magnet having a small recoil permeability, and the permanent magnets arranged on both sides thereof are a permanent magnet having a large recoil permeability. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine is provided.   The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the permanent magnet per pole of the rotor is configured and arranged by superposing permanent magnets having different recoil permeability.   The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the permanent magnet per one pole of the rotor, both a series circuit and a parallel circuit are formed in one magnetic pole.   A magnet with a large recoil permeability and a magnet with a small recoil permeability are arranged in the direction of magnetization in the center of the rotation direction of the magnetic pole, and a magnet with a small recoil permeability is arranged on both the advance side and the lag side of the rotation direction. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 8, wherein   A permanent magnet with a small recoil permeability is placed in the center of the magnetic pole in the rotation direction, and a magnet with a large recoil permeability and a magnet with a small recoil permeability are placed in the magnetization direction on both the forward and backward sides in the rotational direction. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 8.   The permanent magnets having different recoil permeability are NdFeB-based permanent magnets, and are composed of a completely magnetized permanent magnet and an incompletely magnetized permanent magnet. Permanent magnet type rotating electric machine.   The incompletely magnetized permanent magnet is coated with a conductive member, or a short-circuit coil is disposed so as to surround the incompletely magnetized magnet. Permanent magnet type rotating electric machine.   A rotor is constructed by incorporating a magnet that becomes an incompletely magnetized magnet after magnetizing with a conductive plate or coil on the surface and a magnet that becomes a fully magnetized magnet after magnetizing into the rotor core. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 12, wherein the fully magnetized magnet and the fully magnetized magnet are post-magnetized.   The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the permanent magnets arranged on the magnetic poles are integrated permanent magnets having different recoil permeability depending on locations.   15. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 14, wherein the integrated billing magnet having different recoil permeability depending on the location is composed of a magnet magnetized so as to be partially incompletely magnetized. .   A conductive coating or a conductive plate or a short-circuit coil is arranged on one side or both sides of a surface perpendicular to the magnetization direction of the part of the integral permanent magnet that becomes an incompletely magnetized magnet, and the conductive coating The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to claim 15, wherein the rotor is configured by being arranged in a rotor core together with a magnet not provided with a conductive plate or a short-circuited coil, and is subsequently magnetized.   Integrated permanent magnets with different recoil permeability depending on the location are partially magnetized by partially changing the magnet material or by manipulating the grain boundary or magnetic orientation to form a permanent magnet. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 14, wherein a magnet having a magnet is configured and arranged.   The permanent magnet is magnetized from one side or both sides of the permanent magnet using a trapezoidal or stepped yoke with a convex center shape, thereby partially magnetizing the partially magnetized portion. The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 15, wherein the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine is formed.   The permanent magnet has a partially incompletely magnetized portion that is magnetized in a state where a conductive plate or coil is disposed in a portion that is to be incompletely magnetized when magnetized. The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to claim 15. When the rotor reaches the maximum rotation speed while reversibly changing the magnetic pole magnet to minimize the flux linkage, the induced electromotive force generated by the permanent magnet is less than the withstand voltage of the inverter electronic component that is the power supply for the rotating electrical machine. The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein

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