CN105319402B - A kind of microresistivity survey grip device and application method for detecting damage of metal material - Google Patents
A kind of microresistivity survey grip device and application method for detecting damage of metal material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105319402B CN105319402B CN201510015880.4A CN201510015880A CN105319402B CN 105319402 B CN105319402 B CN 105319402B CN 201510015880 A CN201510015880 A CN 201510015880A CN 105319402 B CN105319402 B CN 105319402B
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Abstract
A kind of microresistivity survey grip device and application method for detecting damage of metal material.For detecting the microresistivity survey grip device of damage of metal material by two pieces of test specimen stator, two probe, two pieces of probe stator, two screw rod, eight nuts for being used to fix test specimen stator and probe stator for concatenating test specimen stator and probe stator for fixing probe for measuring metal specimen resistance for fixing metal specimen（With pad）, two pieces be used for the insulation spacer composition that is insulated between test specimen and test specimen stator.Probe can be fixed on test piece end by a kind of microresistivity survey grip device for detecting damage of metal material, ensure the stability of resistance measurement reading, detect the faint change of metal specimen resistance under load or environmental activity, the accuracy and precision of measurement is improved, to characterize the damage of metal material with resistance variations.The present invention is applied to micro resistance and micro resistance measure of the change field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to micro resistance and the technical field of micro resistance measure of the change, is specifically that one kind is become by detecting micro resistance
Change to characterize the resistance measurement grip device of damage of metal material evolution, and introduce the user of this resistance measurement grip device
Method.
Background technology
Metal and its alloy material use usually as structural material, the component being made from it under arms during be subjected to
The effect of various complex loads and environment, thus its mechanical property is in a process gradually degraded.Material damage detects not
Only it is the basis that structural intergrity is assessed, and the basis of engineering machinery and structural damage tolerance design.Therefore, for metal material
Material is in various simple or complex loads（Stretching, compression, bending, torsion and combinations thereof loading）What the hierarchical loading under effect was damaged
Measurement, the measurement especially damaged under creep, fatigue, creep-fatigue interaction and the measurement that is damaged under environmental activity just into
For the theoretical basic work with application of Strength of Metallic Materials.On the characterizing method of damage of metal material, can both use
The changes of the mechanical property parameters, mechanical performance parameter of metal material is measured, and Physical Properties of Metallicmateriais can also be used to join
Several change is measured.The change of metal material microstructure has accuracy and sensitiveness caused by resistance is to damage, and
The resistance measurement of metal material is simple and easy, thus the damage of metal material based on electric-resistivity method is characterized and is used widely.But
During resistance is measured, because test specimen resistance itself is small, the smaller spy of resistance change after test specimen loading or environmental activity
Point, if not using the resistance measurement fixture specially designed, very big difficulty can be brought to the measurement of micro resistance.
Under the load modes such as hierarchical loading, fatigue, creep loading or environmental activity, the resistance of metal specimen is that process becomes
Change amount is, it is necessary to take multiple measurements.In general measuring method is that two probes are directly ridden over into the both ends of test specimen, or rides over examination
Part test section graticule opening position.But the method for this measurement resistance cannot be guaranteed that each probe rides over same position, together
When, always shake or disturbed by other extraneous factors during human hand held probe.The uncertainty of probe location, probe are surveyed in test specimen
The shake at position and the slip in surface of test piece are measured, can cause the unstable of resistance readings, the degree of accuracy of resistance measurement and essence
Exactness is not high, it is difficult to differentiates the faint change of resistance under load or environmental activity.Therefore, it is necessary to design a kind of effective detection gold
Belong to the microresistivity survey grip device of material damage, and introduce the application method of the device, to the initial value of accurate measurement test specimen
Resistance and the current resistance under load or environmental activity, the damage of metal material is characterized using resistance change rate
Hinder evolutionary process.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of microresistivity survey grip device and application method for detecting damaged metal, has operation letter
It is single, data stability is good, measuring accuracy is high, accuracy of measurement is high, measurement error is small, the advantages of having a wide range of application.
A kind of microresistivity survey grip device for detecting damage of metal material of the present invention includes：Two pieces are used to fix metal examination
The upper test specimen stator 2 of part 1 and lower test specimen stator 3（The material of test specimen stator 2 and 3 is metal, 2 and 3 equal centre punch of stator
Hole）；Two probes 4 and 5 for being used to measure metal specimen resistance；Two pieces of upper probe stator 6 and tests for being used to fix probe
Pin stator 7（The material of probe stator 6 and 7 is metal；The 6 and 7 equal centre punching of probe stator, aperture are less than probe nib
Upper boss diameter, and aperture is more than probe pen body diameter）；Two are used to concatenate upper and lower test specimen stator（2 and 3）With it is upper and lower
Probe stator（6 and 7）Screw rod 8 and screw rod 9；Two nuts 10 and nut 11 for being used for fixed upper test specimen stator 2（Nut
Configure pad）；Two nuts 12 and nut 13 for being used for fixed lower test specimen stator 3（Nut configures pad）；Two are used for admittedly
Surely the nut 14 and nut 15 of upper probe stator 6（Nut configures pad）；Two nuts for being used for fixed lower probe stator 7
16 and nut 17（Nut configures pad）；Two pieces be used for the upper insulation spacers 18 that are insulated between test specimen and test specimen stator 6 and 7 and
Lower insulation spacer 19, insulation spacer centre punching, aperture be less than test specimen stator 2 and 3 aperture and with probe tip diameter phase
When to ensure relative slip that probe 4 and 5 effectively contacts with test specimen and prevents probe between test specimen end face.
The present invention provides a kind of application method for the microresistivity survey grip device for detecting damage of metal material, using as follows
Technical scheme.
Step 1: test specimen is placed on vertically between upper test specimen stator 2 and lower test specimen stator 3, rotation test specimen is fixed
Piece nut 10,11,12,13, test specimen stator 2 and lower test specimen stator 3 is set slowly to draw close, until the upper He of test specimen stator 2
Lower test specimen stator 3 fixes specimen holder, and ensures axis, upper test specimen stator 2 and the lower test specimen stator 3 of test specimen 1
The central through hole line of centres, upper insulation spacer 18 and the lower line of the 19 central small hole line of centres of insulation spacer three overlap.
Step 2: the syringe needle of probe 4 passes through the central small hole of insulation spacer 18 and slowly close to test specimen, until probe just connects
Contact test specimen, rotating probe stator nut 14,15, move probe stator 6, probe 4 is fixed, with prevent probe 4 with
Test specimen comes off, and ensures the stability that probe 4 contacts with test specimen.
Step 3: the syringe needle of probe 5 passes through the central small hole of insulation spacer 19 and slowly close to test specimen, until probe just connects
Contact test specimen, rotating probe stator nut 16,17, move probe stator 7, probe 5 is fixed, with prevent probe 5 with
Test specimen comes off, and ensures the stability that probe 5 contacts with test specimen.
Step 4: probe is picked out by wire, coordinate sense resistance bridge circuit, measure the initial resistance resistance of metal specimen
Value.
Step 5: reversely rotating probe stator nut 16,17 successively, probe stator 7 is unclamped, by probe tip and examination
Part separates；Test specimen stator nut 12,13 is reversely rotated, test specimen stator 3 is unclamped, test specimen is taken out.
Step 6: by specimen holder in Material Testing Machine, fatigue, creep, creep-fatigue interaction experiment are carried out, or
Person's temperature, corrosive atmosphere experiment.
Step 7: the test specimen for undergoing certain load history or environmental activity lower a period of time is taken out, repeat step one, step
Rapid three.
Step 8: probe is picked out with wire, after coordinating sense resistance bridge circuit, measurement to undergo load or environmental activity
The current resistance of metal specimen, calculate resistance change rate.
Step 9: repeat step five, Step 6: Step 7: step 8, measure gold under different loads or environment course successively
Belong to test specimen resistance, record each secondary resistance test data, until test specimen reaches damage tolerance and failed.
The present invention is a kind of microresistivity survey grip device and application method for detecting damage of metal material, with prior art
Compare, innovative point of the present invention and beneficial effect include the following aspects.
1. the present invention in terms of detection micro resistance and micro resistance change, has simple to operate, measurement resistance data stability
Well, the characteristics of measuring accuracy is high.Resistance has accuracy and sensitiveness to metal material microstructure change caused by damage,
Under load or environmental activity, the resistance of test specimen is a change in process amount, it is necessary to take multiple measurements.Metal specimen it is initial
Resistance very little, and the current resistance of test specimen after certain load or environmental activity is undergone compared with initial resistance resistance,
Its variable quantity is smaller.Using the resistance measurement grip device, it is ensured that each probe contacts with test specimen in same position, probe
Fixed in test piece end, avoid the shake of probe and the slip in surface of test piece, ensure that resistance is read during measurement test specimen resistance
Several stability, the accuracy of microresistivity survey can be effectively improved.
2. a kind of microresistivity survey grip device for detecting damage of metal material of the present invention coordinates sense resistance electric bridge electricity
Road, it can both reduce due to test method, measuring instrument used, the subjective factor of the control of experimental condition and experimenter in itself
Caused by resistance measuring system error, can also prompt experimenter in strict accordance with microresistivity survey grip device application method and
Microresistivity survey testing regulations is handled affairs, and avoids the human error during microresistivity survey as far as possible, and it is micro- to improve metal material test specimen
The degree of accuracy of resistance measurement.
A kind of 3. microresistivity survey grip device and the application method scope of application for detecting damage of metal material of the present invention
Extensively, metal specimen is not only suitable in various simple or complex loads（Stretching, compression, bending, torsion and combinations thereof loading）Effect
Under hierarchical loading damage measurement, be also applied for the survey that metal specimen is damaged under creep, fatigue, creep-fatigue interaction
Amount；The measurement that metal specimen is damaged under normal temperature static load or Under Dynamic Load is not only suitable for, it is quiet in high temperature to be also applied for metal specimen
The measurement damaged under load or Under Dynamic Load；The measurement that metal specimen is damaged under load effect is not only suitable for, is also applied for metal
The measurement that test specimen damages under environmental activity.
On the whole, a kind of microresistivity survey grip device and application method for detecting damage of metal material of the present invention, tool
There is the advantages of simple to operate, data stability is good, measuring accuracy is high, accuracy of measurement is high, measurement error is small, can promote should
For the damage check of metal material test specimen under various load or environmental activity, the minor variations of metal material resistance are tracked, it is sharp
The damage of metal material is characterized with resistance change rate.The present invention is applied to micro resistance and micro resistance measure of the change field.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall structure figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is overall structure side view.
Fig. 3 is overall structure profile.
Fig. 4 is the three-view diagram of test specimen stator 2.
Fig. 5 is the three-view diagram of test specimen stator 3.
Fig. 6 is probe stator 6（7）Three-view diagram.
1-metal specimen, 2-upper test specimen stator, 3-lower test specimen stator, 4,5-probe, 6-upper probe are fixed
Piece, 7-lower probe stator, 8-left screw rod, 9-right screw rod, 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-nut, 18-upper exhausted
Edge pad, 19-lower insulation spacer.
Test result figure according to embodiments of the present invention Fig. 7.
Embodiment
A kind of microresistivity survey grip device and application method for detecting damage of metal material, available for real-time measurement metal
Resistance variations situation of the test specimen under load or environmental activity, to characterize the damage development process of metal specimen.Below in conjunction with
Embodiment and referring to the drawings, is expanded on further the present invention.
Embodiment 1.
A kind of microresistivity survey grip device and application method for detecting damage of metal material, for measuring fatigue damage examination
Middle test specimen resistance variations situation is tested, characterizes the damage development process of test specimen.
Step 1: test specimen is positioned axially between upper test specimen stator 2 and lower test specimen stator 3, test specimen two ends
Center is respectively aligned to the center of insulation spacer 18 and lower insulation spacer 19, rotation test specimen stator nut 10,11,12,
13, test specimen stator 2 and lower test specimen stator 3 is slowly drawn close, up to upper test specimen stator 2 and lower test specimen stator 3 will
Specimen holder is fixed, and ensure test specimen 1 axis, upper test specimen stator 2 and the lower central through hole line of test specimen stator 3, on
Insulation spacer 18 and the lower line of the 19 central small hole line of centres of insulation spacer three overlap.
Step 2: the syringe needle of probe 4 passes through the central small hole of insulation spacer 18 and slowly close to test specimen, until probe just connects
Contact test specimen, rotating probe stator nut 14,15, move probe stator 6, probe 4 is fixed, with prevent probe 4 with
Test specimen comes off, and ensures the stability that probe 4 contacts with test specimen.
Step 3: the syringe needle of probe 5 passes through the central small hole of insulation spacer 19 and slowly close to test specimen, until probe just connects
Contact test specimen, rotating probe stator nut 16,17, move probe stator 7, probe 5 is fixed, with prevent probe 5 with
Test specimen comes off, and ensures the stability that probe 5 contacts with test specimen.
Step 4: probe is picked out by wire, coordinate precision resister measuring instrument QJ57 type D.C. resistance electric bridges（Measurement
Scope is the Ω of 0.01 μ Ω ~ 1111.10）, measure the initial resistance resistance of test specimen.
Step 5: reversely rotating probe stator nut 16,17 successively, probe stator is unclamped, by probe tip and examination
Part separates；Test specimen stator nut 12,13 is reversely rotated, test specimen stator is unclamped, test specimen is taken out.
Step 6: by specimen holder on fatigue tester, fatigue test is carried out.
Step 7: every certain tired cycle, fatigue test machine clamp is unclamped, test specimen is taken out, repeat step one, step
Three, probe is picked out with wire, coordinates QJ57 type D.C. resistance electric bridges, after the certain tired cycle of measurement experience, test specimen it is current
Resistance.
Step 8: repeat step five, Step 6: step 7, test specimen resistance hinders under measurement experience different fatigue cycle successively
Value, records each secondary test data, until test specimen reaches damage tolerance and failed.
Step 9: handling test data, corresponding different fatigue cycle, the resistance change rate of test specimen are calculated, and adopt
The damage development process of metal material is characterized with resistance change rate.
Under Cyclic Load, the microstructure of material can change, i.e., cyclic loading causes the damage of material.This
The generation of a little microdefects, becomes the parameters such as modulus of elasticity, effective bearing area, density and the resistance of material
Change.Injury toleranceDDefinition be
D=1-(A/A 0) (1)
In formula,ATo be damaged rear effective bearing area,A 0For impaired preceding effective bearing area.
For high-cycle fatigue test, if assuming, impaired front and rear piece lengths and resistivity keep constant, according to resistance with
The relation of cross-sectional area, it can obtain
D=1-(R 0/R)= ΔR/(R 0+ΔR) (2)
In formula,RTo be damaged rear test specimen resistance,R 0For impaired preceding test specimen resistance, ΔR=R-R 0To be damaged front and rear resistance variations
Amount.
Metal Material Fatigue accumulated damage evolutionary process is described using Chaboche damage models, i.e.,
dD/dN={σ a/[b(1-D)]} β (1-D)-β1 (3)
In formula,NTired cycle is represented,σ aFor stress amplitude,bWithb 1For material constant, andb=B 0(1-b 1 σ m),B 0Withb 1For
Material constant,σ mFor mean stress.
Formula (3) is integrated, obtained
D=1-[1-(1+β+β 1)(σ a/b) β N]1/(1+β+β1) (4)
According to the primary condition of fatigue damage（N=0,D=0）With final value condition（N=N f,D=1；N fFor fatigue life）, formula (4)
It is rewritable to be
D=1-[1-(N/N f)]1/(1+β+β1) (5)
Formula (2) is substituted into formula (5), can be obtained
ΔR/R 0= [1-(N/N f)]-1/(1+β+β1)-1 (6)
Formula (6) is the damage of metal material EVOLUTION EQUATION characterized with resistance change rate.
High-cycle fatigue test is carried out to certain titanium alloy test specimen, the resistance change rate collected changes experiment number with tired cycle
According to symbol " ■ " in such as Fig. 7 Suo Shi.Applying equation (6) carries out nonlinear regression analysis to test data, and its damage development curve is such as
It is shown in solid in Fig. 7.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. microresistivity survey grip device for detecting damage of metal material, it is characterised in that including：Test specimen stator, both sides symmetrically have two to be used for the fixed via that screw rod passes through, and its center has one to lead to for probe The through hole crossed, two pieces of test specimen stators apply pressure to fix test specimen by being contacted with test specimen two ends to test specimen；Probe, two probes contact with test specimen two ends to measure the resistance of test specimen, probe nib upper circular boss diameter respectively More than the diameter of probe pen body；Probe stator, both sides symmetrically have two to be used for the fixed via that screw rod passes through, and center has one to be used to fix probe Through hole, to block probe nib upper boss, probe is contacted with test specimen；Screw rod, test specimen stator and probe stator are integrally fixed by nut.
- 2. microresistivity survey grip device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also include：Insulation spacer, the felt pad Piece is fixed together with test specimen stator, and there is the aperture for being easy to probe to pass through at center, between test specimen and measured material device Insulation.
- 3. microresistivity survey grip device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that insulation spacer central small hole aperture is with visiting Pin needle diameter is suitable, to prevent the relative slip between probe and test specimen.
- 4. microresistivity survey grip device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that test specimen stator central through hole aperture should More than insulation spacer small aperture, probe tip is passed through test specimen stator central through hole, avoid probe from consolidating with test specimen Stator is in contact.
- 5. microresistivity survey grip device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that probe stator central through hole aperture should It is less than probe nib upper boss diameter more than probe pen body diameter so that probe pen body can pass through probe stator Central through hole, and probe nib upper boss and can is blocked by probe stator central through hole.
- 6. microresistivity survey grip device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that test specimen stator and probe fix length of a film Degree and width ratio are 4 to 1, and test specimen stator width have to be larger than the characteristic size of test piece end cross section.
- 7. a kind of application method for the microresistivity survey grip device for detecting damage of metal material, it comprises the steps：Step 1: between test specimen is placed on into two pieces of test specimen stators, test specimen stator nut is rotated, adjusts two pieces of test specimen stators Distance, test specimen is fixed, and ensures in test specimen axis, the both ends test specimen stator central through hole line of centres, insulation spacer The line of heart small hole center line three overlaps；Step 2: the probe stator for having installed probe is inserted in into two standing screws, probe passes through test specimen stator respectively Central through hole and insulation spacer central small hole contact with test specimen, rotating probe stator nut, adjustment two panels probe stator Distance, probe tip is fixed on test specimen；Step 3: probe is picked out with wire, coordinate sense resistance bridge circuit, measure the initial resistance resistance of metal specimen；Step 4: reversely rotating probe stator nut successively, probe stator is unclamped, probe tip is separated with test specimen；Instead To rotation test specimen stator nut, test specimen stator is unclamped, test specimen is taken out；Step 5: by specimen holder in Material Testing Machine, fatigue, creep, creep-fatigue interaction experiment, Huo Zhewen are carried out Degree, corrosive atmosphere experiment；Step 6: the test specimen for undergoing certain loading sequence or environmental activity lower a period of time is taken out, repeat step one, step Two；Step 7: probe is picked out with wire, coordinate sense resistance bridge circuit, metal under load or environmental activity is undergone in measurement The current resistance of test specimen, calculate resistance change rate；Step 8: repeat step four, Step 5: Step 6: step 7, measure metal under different loads or environment course successively and try Part resistance, each secondary resistance test data are recorded, until test specimen reaches damage tolerance and failed.
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| CN201510015880.4A CN105319402B (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2015-01-13 | A kind of microresistivity survey grip device and application method for detecting damage of metal material |
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| CN201510015880.4A CN105319402B (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2015-01-13 | A kind of microresistivity survey grip device and application method for detecting damage of metal material |
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| CN105319402B true CN105319402B (en) | 2018-03-09 |
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| CN110044740B (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2021-12-24 | 东南大学 | Method, application, device and clamp for measuring corrosion fatigue damage law of cable steel wire |
| CN111208325A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-05-29 | 东南大学 | Four-end measuring clamp capable of achieving accurate positioning |
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