CN105318829B - Axial direction distribution six sensitive grid full-bridges, the three interdigital metal strain plate of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid - Google Patents
Axial direction distribution six sensitive grid full-bridges, the three interdigital metal strain plate of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of axial direction distribution six sensitive grid full-bridges, three interdigital metal strain plate of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid, including substrate and six sensitive grids being fixed thereon, each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the axis of all sensitive segments is in the parallel lines in same plane；It is axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally along sensitive segment axis direction in the plane；Horizontal zero deflection axially has deviation between each sensitive grid center, and each sensitive grid is left three sensitive grids, the first from left sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, a right sensitive grid and right three sensitive grids from left to right vertically by its center；It is in interdigital arrangement respectively between the left side, middle part and two, the right sensitive grid, each sensitive grid all-in resistance changing value under same strain is in 3：1：4：4：1：3.The present invention can measure left three sensitive grids and the axial single order local derviation of right three sensitive grid centers simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor field, especially a kind of metal strain plate.
Background technology
The operation principle of metal resistance strain gauge is resistance strain effect, i.e. wire is in effect strained, its electricity
Resistance occurs to change accordingly with the size of mechanically deform occurred (stretching or compression).The theoretical formula of resistance strain effect
It is as follows:
Wherein R is its resistance value, and ρ is metal material resistivity, and L is metal material length, and S is metal material sectional area.
Wire is bearing to strain during mechanically deform occurs, and ρ, L, S three will change, so as to cause gold
Belong to the change of material resistance value.When metal material is stretched, length increase, sectional area reduces, resistance value increase；When compressed
When, length reduces, and sectional area increase, resistance value reduces.Therefore, as long as the change of resistance value can be measured, wire can be known
Strained situation.Metal material resistance change rate formula can be exported by relevant knowledges such as formula (1) and the mechanics of materials
Wherein Δ R is resistance variation amount, and Δ L is the change of metal material length on pulling force or pressure action direction
Amount, ε are that the strain in same direction is usually referred to as axial strain, and K is metal material ga(u)ge factor.
In actual applications, metal resistance strain gauge is pasted onto to the table of Sensor Elastic Element or tested machine components
Face.When the flexible member in sensor or tested machine components are produced strain by active force, foil gauge thereon is pasted onto
Identical mechanically deform occurs therewith, causes strain sheet resistance that corresponding change occurs.At this moment, resistance strain gage is just by mechanical quantity
Be converted to the variable quantity output of resistance.
But we are also required to understand the partial derivative of workpiece strain sometimes, for example there are three kinds of occasions, but not limited to this below
Three, it is necessary to use workpiece surface strain partial derivative：
First, due to nearby occurring that strain is concentrated, and often occurs damaging it first as workpiece at workpiece shapes mutation
Place, the strain partial derivative near at shape mutation is monitored, can intuitively obtain strain intensity at this.
Second, largely existed by comer pieces in building, bridge, plant equipment, the relevant knowledge of the mechanics of materials is taught that, bending
The axial strain of beam surface is directly proportional to section turn moment, and the axial first-order partial derivative of section turn moment is directly proportional to section shearing strain,
Exactly section shearing strain can be known by the axial first-order partial derivative of surface axial strain, and the shearing strain can not use foil gauge
Arrived in workpiece surface direct measurement；
3rd, when applied elasticity research workpiece strains, internal strain is decided by partial differential equation, and equation solution needs
Boundary condition, and workpiece surface strain partial derivative is exactly one of boundary condition, this is that general foil gauge can not provide.
In addition, to some positions of workpiece, such as the position such as at the shaft shoulder, part edge, due to the mutation of geomery, its
Bigger change often accordingly be present in strain.However, just due to the mutation of geomery so that more difficult placement in general at this
Foil gauge is, it is necessary to the product of a kind of inclined marginal position of energy measuring strain piece rather than center position strain local derviation.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of that existing metal strain plate can not detect strain local derviation, the present invention provides one kind and can measured
The axial direction distribution of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid of energy effective detection surface strain axial direction local derviation should be changed
Six sensitive grid full-bridges, three interdigital metal strain plate, particularly measuring workpiece corner, edge etc. has size restriction site to foil gauge
Axial single order local derviation.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of axial direction distribution six sensitive grid full-bridges, three interdigital metal of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid
Foil gauge, including substrate, the metal strain plate also include six sensitive grids, and the both ends of each sensitive grid connect one and drawn respectively
Pin, six sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate；
Each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the both ends of the sensitive segment are changeover portion, and the sensitive segment is in thin
Strip, the changeover portion are in tubbiness shape, and the resistance of the sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of the changeover portion, same strain state
Under the increased resistance value of the sensitive segment be much larger than the increased resistance value of the changeover portion, the increased resistance value of the changeover portion connects
It is bordering on 0；
All cross section centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, and the sensitive segment axis is straight line section, institute
In stating the diameter parallel of each sensitive segment in six sensitive grids and being generally aligned in the same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, edge
The sensitive segment axis direction is axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally；Its both sides resistance value be present on each sensitive segment
An equal cross section, take the cross-section centroid position and formed place sensitive segment by nominal mass of the sensitive segment resistance value
Nominal particle, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is collectively forming are the center of sensitive grid；
Zero deflection in the horizontal between six sensitive grid centers, there is deviation in the axial direction；Six sensitive grids are pressed in sensitive grid
The order of heart position, be followed successively by from left to right vertically left three sensitive grids, the first from left sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid,
A right sensitive grid and right three sensitive grids；Distance is Δ x between left three sensitive grid centers and middle left sensitive grid center1, middle left sensitivity
Distance is also Δ x between grid center and a right sensitive grid center1；Distance between the first from left sensitive grid center and middle right sensitive grid center
For Δ x2, distance is also Δ x between middle right sensitive grid center and right three sensitive grid centers2；Left three sensitive grid centers are sensitive with the first from left
The distance at grid center is Δ x3, the distance at middle left sensitive grid center and middle right sensitive grid center is Δ x4, a right sensitive grid center with
Distance is Δ x between right three sensitive grid centers5, and meet Δ x4-Δx3=Δ x5-Δx4=Δ x2-Δx1；
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, is in interdigital arrangement between left three sensitive grids and the first from left sensitive grid, a middle left side is quick
It is in interdigital arrangement to feel between grid and middle right sensitive grid, is in interdigital arrangement between right three sensitive grids and a right sensitive grid；
Left three sensitive grids, the first from left sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, a right sensitive grid and right three sensitive grids
Sensitive segment all-in resistance is in 3：1：4：4：1：3 proportionate relationship, left three sensitive grids, the first from left sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitivity
The all-in resistance changing value of the sensitive segment of grid, a right sensitive grid and right three sensitive grids sensitive segment under identical strain is also in 3：1：4：
4：1：3 proportionate relationship.
Accordingly, left three sensitive grids of connecting are sensitive with a right sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, series connection the first from left sensitive grid and the right side three
Grid, middle right sensitive grid just form four bridge arms of measuring bridge.
Further, all shape of cross section sizes of each sensitive segment are consistent, take the axis point midway of each sensitive segment
And the nominal particle of place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, left three sensitive grid, the first from left are sensitive
Grid, middle left sensitive grid, the sensitive segment total length of three sensitive grids of middle right sensitive grid, a right sensitive grid and the right side are in 3：1：4：4：1：3
Proportionate relationship.The program is a kind of scheme that can be selected, as long as to meet its both sides resistance value equal for the position of nominal particle
Cross section position of form center can or other positions.
Further, two pins of left three sensitive grid are respectively positioned on the right side of the sensitive grid, and right three sensitive grids
Two pins are respectively positioned on the left side of the sensitive grid.Purpose be the distance that reduces left three sensitive grid centers to foil gauge left side edge with
And right three sensitive grid centers are to the distance of foil gauge right side edge.
Further, the sensitive segment axial length of relatively middle sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and left three sensitive grids can it is shorter and
Cross direction profiles can be closeer.Purpose is to reduce left three sensitive grid centers into the distance of foil gauge left side edge and right three sensitive grids
Distance of the heart to foil gauge right side edge.
Among six sensitive grids, except being in interdigital arrangement between above-mentioned three pairs of sensitive grids, without between other sensitive grids
Interdigital arrangement.The interdigital arrangement refers to：Two sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis institute in the plane, vertical with sensitive segment axis
The sensitive segment of two sensitive grids distribution straggly on direction, the order occurred respectively to the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in this direction and time
Number is not limited.
Using the linear relationship between metal material increased resistance value and strain, this foil gauge is as common foil gauge
It can be used for measuring strain.On the other hand, according in numerical differentiation theory, (such as Yi Fengkang is compiled, National Defense Industry Press 1978
December in year publishes《Numerical computation method》Page 21 (1.4.11)-(1.4.14) formulas make equidistant interpolation analysis) on single order local derviation
Circular, the numerical computation method of f (x, y) x directions first-order partial derivative is as follows：
Wherein x1=x0+ h, x2=x1+ h, it is (x to pay special attention to above formula2, y) position first-order partial derivative value formula, the formula
Smaller truncated error is o (h2) be step-length square higher order indefinite small.By being generally acknowledged that sensitive gate resistance in formula (2) engineering
Variable quantity direct ratio and the strain at sensitive grid center, with reference to each sensitive gate resistance and the ratio of the resistance change under same strain
The resistance of example relation, left three sensitive grids and a right sensitive grid and the resistance value for subtracting middle left sensitive grid, then divided by left three sensitive grids
The distance at center and a right sensitive grid center is the axial single order numerical value local derviation of strain, is that a left side three is quick according to theoretical this of numerical differentiation
Feel the axial single order numerical value local derviation of grid centers, equally, the resistance of right three sensitive grids and the first from left sensitive grid and to subtract the middle right side quick
Feel the resistance value of grid, then divided by right three sensitive grid centers and the first from left sensitive grid center distance it is inclined for the axial single order numerical value strained
Lead, according to numerical differentiation it is theoretical this be right three sensitive grid centers axial single order numerical value local derviation.Above-mentioned left three sensitive grid and
The axial single order local derviation of right three sensitive grid centers can measure simultaneously.Therefore the advantage of the foil gauge is that its both sides is available
The axial single order local derviation at the position that general foil gauge can not be measured due to size limitation in measurement workpiece corner, edge etc..
It should be noted that keeping left three sensitive grids, the first from left sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, the right side one quick in technique
It is in 3 to feel the variable quantity of grid and right three sensitive grid changeover portion all-in resistances and changeover portion resistance under external strain：1：4：4：1：3
Numerical relation is to heighten measurement accuracy, also can conduct if the resistance of changeover portion and the lower resistance change of strain be can not ignore
Systematic error is eliminated in detection.
Further, the metal strain plate also includes cover plate, and the cover plate is covered in the sensitive grid and substrate.
Further, the sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
Further, the substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos base bottom, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
Six sensitive grid left, center, right are arranged in substrate.It is of course also possible to it is other arrangements.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in：Foil gauge can the left three sensitive grid centers of effective detection and the right side three be quick simultaneously
Feel the surface strain axial direction single order local derviation of grid center Liang Ge positions, the particularly measurable corner of workpiece of the arranged on left and right sides of foil gauge
Fall, edge etc. has the axial single order local derviation of size restriction site to foil gauge.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is axial direction distribution six sensitive grid full-bridges, the three interdigital metal of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid
The schematic diagram of foil gauge.
Fig. 2 is axial direction distribution six sensitive grid full-bridges, the three interdigital metal of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid
Foil gauge top view.
Fig. 3 is measuring bridge schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
1~Fig. 3 of reference picture, a kind of axial direction six sensitive grids of distribution of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid are complete
Three interdigital metal strain plate of bridge, including substrate, the metal strain plate also include six sensitive grids, the both ends point of each sensitive grid
Not Lian Jie a pin, fix six sensitive grids in the substrate；
Each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the both ends of the sensitive segment are changeover portion, and the sensitive segment is in thin
Strip, the changeover portion are in tubbiness shape, and the resistance of the sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of the changeover portion, same strain state
Under the increased resistance value of the sensitive segment be much larger than the increased resistance value of the changeover portion, the increased resistance value of the changeover portion connects
It is bordering on 0；
All cross section centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, and the sensitive segment axis is straight line section, institute
In stating the diameter parallel of each sensitive segment in six sensitive grids and being generally aligned in the same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, edge
The sensitive segment axis direction is axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally；Its both sides resistance value be present on each sensitive segment
An equal cross section, take the cross-section centroid position and formed place sensitive segment by nominal mass of the sensitive segment resistance value
Nominal particle, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is collectively forming are the center of sensitive grid；
Zero deflection in the horizontal between six sensitive grid centers, there is deviation in the axial direction；Six sensitive grids are pressed in sensitive grid
The order of heart position, be followed successively by from left to right vertically left three sensitive grids, the first from left sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid,
A right sensitive grid and right three sensitive grids；Distance is Δ x between left three sensitive grid centers and middle left sensitive grid center1, middle left sensitivity
Distance is also Δ x between grid center and a right sensitive grid center1；Distance between the first from left sensitive grid center and middle right sensitive grid center
For Δ x2, distance is also Δ x between middle right sensitive grid center and right three sensitive grid centers2；Left three sensitive grid centers are sensitive with the first from left
The distance at grid center is Δ x3, the distance at middle left sensitive grid center and middle right sensitive grid center is Δ x4, a right sensitive grid center with
Distance is Δ x between right three sensitive grid centers5, and meet Δ x4-Δx3=Δ x5-Δx4=Δ x2-Δx1；
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, is in interdigital arrangement between the left side three sensitive grids of a left side and the first from left sensitive grid, in
It is in interdigital arrangement between left sensitive grid and middle right sensitive grid in portion, is in interdigital cloth between the right three sensitive grids of the right side and a right sensitive grid
Put；
Left three sensitive grids, the first from left sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, a right sensitive grid and right three sensitive grids
Sensitive segment all-in resistance is in 3：1：4：4：1：3 proportionate relationship, left three sensitive grids, the first from left sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitivity
The all-in resistance changing value of the sensitive segment of grid, a right sensitive grid and right three sensitive grids sensitive segment under identical strain is also in 3：1：4：
4：1：3 proportionate relationship.
Accordingly, left three sensitive grids of connecting are sensitive with a right sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, series connection the first from left sensitive grid and the right side three
Grid, middle right sensitive grid just form four bridge arms of measuring bridge.
Further, all shape of cross section sizes of each sensitive segment are consistent, take the axis point midway of each sensitive segment
And the nominal particle of place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, left three sensitive grid, the first from left are sensitive
Grid, middle left sensitive grid, the sensitive segment total length of three sensitive grids of middle right sensitive grid, a right sensitive grid and the right side are in 3：1：4：4：1：3
Proportionate relationship.The program is a kind of scheme that can be selected, as long as to meet its both sides resistance value equal for the position of nominal particle
Cross section position of form center can or other positions.
Further, two pins of left three sensitive grids are respectively positioned on the right side of the sensitive grid, and two of right three sensitive grids
Pin is respectively positioned on the left side of the sensitive grid.Purpose is the distance and the right side for reducing left three sensitive grid centers to foil gauge left side edge
Distance of the three sensitive grid centers to foil gauge right side edge.
Further, the sensitive segment axial length of relatively middle sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and left three sensitive grids can it is shorter and
Cross direction profiles can be closeer.Purpose is to reduce left three sensitive grid centers into the distance of foil gauge left side edge and right three sensitive grids
Distance of the heart to foil gauge right side edge.
The six sensitive grid full-bridge tridents of axial direction distribution of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid of the present embodiment
Refer to metal strain plate, including substrate 1, the metal strain plate also include six sensitive grids, the both ends of each sensitive grid connect respectively
A pin is connect, six sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate 1.
It is quick that left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, the right side one can be fixed on substrate 1
Grid 6 and right three sensitive grids 7 are felt, for shape, the positions and dimensions for keeping each sensitive grid to fix；Substrate 1 is very thin, so as to by test specimen
It is quick that the strain on surface is accurately transfer to left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, the right side one
Feel grid 6 and right three sensitive grids 7.Substrate 1 can be glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos base bottom, metallic substrates and interim base
Bottom.Generally with cohere, weld, substrate is fixed on the tested position of test block by the mode such as ceramic spraying.It can be also printed in substrate 1
Some are used for the lines of foil gauge positioning.
Cover plate is made of materials such as paper or glue, be covered in left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, in
In right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6, right three sensitive grids 7 and substrate 1, play the protective layer of protection against the tide, corrosion protection, loss prevention etc..
Pin 8 is used to connect sensitive grid and measuring circuit, left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, in
Right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and right three sensitive grids 7 respectively have two pins 8, pair with foil and membrane type foil gauge, pin 8 with
Its sensitive grid 2 of a left side three connected, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and the right side three are quick
Sense grid 7 combine as a whole.Two pins of left three sensitive grids 2 are 8-1 and 8-2, and two pins of the first from left sensitive grid 3 are 8-3 and 8-
4, two pins of middle left sensitive grid 4 are 8-5 and 8-6, and two pins of middle right sensitive grid 5 are 8-7 and 8-8, a right sensitive grid 6
Two pins be 8-9 and 8-10, two pins of right three sensitive grids 7 are 8-11 and 8-12.Pin 8-1 and 8-2 are respectively positioned on a left side
The right side of three sensitive grids 2, it is therefore an objective to reduce the distance that left three sensitive grids 2 arrive foil gauge left side edge；Pin 8-11 and 8-12 is equal
Positioned at the left side of right three sensitive grids 7, it is therefore an objective to reduce the distance that right three sensitive grids 7 arrive foil gauge right side edge.
Left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and the right side three are sensitive
Grid 7 can be wire form, foil, diaphragm type, thick-film type according to its metal sensitive material and the difference of processing technology.No matter which kind of
Left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, the thickness of three sensitive grids 7 of middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and the right side
Spend equal very little so that left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and the right side
The axial length of three sensitive grids 7 depends on the deformation of workpiece with it and changed.It is of the invention basic it is critical that Zuo Sanmin
Feel the cooperation between grid 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and right three sensitive grids 7,
There are following main points：
First, six sensitive grids are arranged in substrate, are referred to as left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitivity
Grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and right three sensitive grids 7.
Second, left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and the right side
Three sensitive grids 7 can be divided into multiple sensitive segments 9 and multiple changeover portions 10, and each sensitive segment 9 is connected to form sensitivity by each changeover portion 10
Grid.Comparatively, sensitive segment 9 is elongated in shape, resistance is larger and its resistance is more sensitive to straining；The changeover portion 10 is basic
In tubbiness shape so that the resistance very little of the changeover portion and insensitive to straining, under working condition resistance variations close to 0,
Therefore the summation of sensitive segment resistance is essentially the all-in resistance of single sensitive grid.Fig. 2 is marked in more detail from apparent angle
Sensitive segment 9 and changeover portion 10.
3rd, the sensitive segment 9 of each sensitive grid is in elongated strip, and all cross section centres of form composition of each sensitive segment 9 is quick
Feel section axis, the axis of sensitive segment 9 is straight line section, the diameter parallel of each sensitive segment 9 and is generally aligned in the same plane.Each
Projection of shape of all cross sections of sensitive segment 9 along sensitive segment axis direction is consistent.Take the axis point midway of each sensitive segment
And the nominal particle of place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is common
The centroid position of formation is the center of sensitive grid.
4th, left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and the right side
The sensitive segment total length of three sensitive grids 7 is in 3：1：4：4：1：3 proportionate relationship, left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, a middle left side are quick
The sensitive segment all-in resistance for feeling grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and right three sensitive grids 7 is in 3：1：4：4：1：3 ratio is closed
System, left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and right three sensitive grids 7
The all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain is also in 3：1：4：4：1：3 proportionate relationship.Accordingly, series connection is left
Three sensitive grids 2 and a right sensitive grid 6, middle left sensitive grid 4, series connection the first from left sensitive grid 3 and right three sensitive grids 7, middle right sensitive grid 5 are just
Four bridge arms of measuring bridge are formed well.
5th, overlook left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6
With right three sensitive grids 7, they are respectively provided with symmetry axis and symmetrical overlapping of axles (x-axis in Fig. 2), left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid
3rd, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and 7 respective sensitive segment 9 of right three sensitive grid all with the symmetry axis
Parallel, the sensitive segment 9 of each sensitive grid is distributed on this axial symmetry.Therefore, it can be said that left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3,
Middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and the sensitive grid 7 of the right side three are coaxial, that is, detect equidirectional strain and a left side
Three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, the center of three sensitive grids 7 of middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and the right side
In x-axis, there is axial deviation at their center without lateral deviation for position.According to the top view of foil gauge in Fig. 2, Zuo Sanmin
The sensitive segment 9 of sense grid 2 has lateral symmetry axle yL3, the center of left three sensitive grids 2 is in x-axis and yL3The intersection point of axle, the first from left sensitive grid 3
Sensitive segment 9 have lateral symmetry axle yL1, the center of the first from left sensitive grid 3 is in x-axis and yL1The intersection point of axle, the sensitivity of middle left sensitive grid 4
Section 9 has lateral symmetry axle yML, the center of middle left sensitive grid 4 is in x-axis and yMLThe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of middle right sensitive grid 5 have
Lateral symmetry axle yMR, the center of middle right sensitive grid 5 is in x-axis and yMRThe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of a right sensitive grid 6 have transverse direction right
Claim axle yR1, the center of a right sensitive grid 6 is in x-axis and yR1The intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of right three sensitive grids 7 have lateral symmetry axle
yR3, the center of right three sensitive grids 7 is in x-axis and yR3The intersection point of axle.
6th, distance is Δ x between the left center of three sensitive grids 2 and the center of middle left sensitive grid 41, middle left sensitive grid 4
Distance is also Δ x between center and the center of a right sensitive grid 61；The center of the first from left sensitive grid 3 and the center of middle right sensitive grid 5
Between distance be Δ x2, distance is also Δ x between the center of middle right sensitive grid 5 and the center of right three sensitive grids 72；Left three sensitive grids
The distance at 2 center and the center of the first from left sensitive grid 3 is Δ x3, the center of the center of middle left sensitive grid 4 and middle right sensitive grid 5
Distance is Δ x4, distance is Δ x between the center of a right sensitive grid 6 and the center of right three sensitive grids 75, and meet Δ x4-Δx3
=Δ x5-Δx4=Δ x2-Δx1, as shown in Figure 2.As shown in Figure 2, each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and a left side left side three is quick
It is in interdigital arrangement to feel between grid 2 and the first from left sensitive grid 3, is in interdigital arrangement between left sensitive grid 4 and middle right sensitive grid 5 in middle part,
It is in interdigital arrangement between the right one sensitive grid 6 of the right side and right three sensitive grids 7, without the interdigital arrangement between other sensitive grids.The fork
Refer to arrangement to refer to：Each sensitive segment 9 axis institute of two sensitive grids in the plane, with two sensitive grids in sensitive segment axis vertical direction
Sensitive segment distribution straggly, the order and number occurred respectively to the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in this direction be not limited.By
In left three sensitive grids 2, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, a right sensitive grid 6 and right three sensitive grids 7
Relative position is ensured relatively accurately to be secured by foil gauge production technology, and this is also that the present invention can detect workpiece strain axially
One of key of partial derivative.
In summary, left three sensitive grids 2 of the present invention, the first from left sensitive grid 3, middle left sensitive grid 4, middle right sensitive grid 5, the right side one are quick
The all-in resistance changing value for feeling sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of grid 6 and right three sensitive grids 7 is also in 3：1：4：4：1：3
Proportionate relationship, each sensitive grid central cross zero deflection axially have a deviation, the center of left three sensitive grids 2 with middle left sensitive grid 4
Distance is Δ x between the heart1, distance is also Δ x between the center of middle left sensitive grid 4 and the center of a right sensitive grid 61；The first from left is sensitive
The distance between the center of middle right sensitive grid 5 at grid center 3 is Δ x2, the center of middle right sensitive grid 5 with right three sensitive grids 7
Distance is also Δ x between the heart2；The distance at the center and the center of the first from left sensitive grid 3 of left three sensitive grids 2 is Δ x3, middle left sensitive grid
The distance at 4 center and the center of middle right sensitive grid 5 is Δ x4, the centers of the center of a right sensitive grid 6 and right three sensitive grids 7 it
Between distance be Δ x5, and meet Δ x4-Δx3=Δ x5-Δx4=Δ x2-Δx1。
It is R to make the resistance of the first from left sensitive grid 3 under free stateL0, the middle right resistance of sensitive grid 5 is RM0, the right resistance of three sensitive grid 7
For RR0, should there is RL0+RR0=RM0=R0.When the foil gauge of the present invention is placed in into certain surface strain, the resistance of the first from left sensitive grid 3
For R0+ΔRL, the middle resistance of sensitive grid 4 is R0+ΔRM0, the right resistance of three sensitive grid 7 is R0+ΔRR；On the other hand, the first from left sensitive grid 3
And the center of right three sensitive grids 7 is located at x-axis and y in Fig. 2 respectivelyLIntersection point and x-axis and yRIntersection point, at a distance of 2 Δs on axial direction
x2.Formula (3) using the relation and numerical differentiation of sensitive gate resistance and surface strain has：
WhereinFor the center of right three sensitive grids 7, εLFor the strain at the center of the first from left sensitive grid 3, εMIt is quick for the middle right side
Feel the strain at the center of grid 5, εRFor the strain at the right center of three sensitive grid 7.This is the present embodiment measurement surface strain axial direction
The principle of local derviation.Pay special attention to, the numerical differentiation that above formula is calculated is the strain axial direction single order of the center of right three sensitive grids 7
Local derviation, the position are the right side of foil gauge, therefore have and be easy to measurement workpiece corner, edge etc. to have size limit to foil gauge
The advantage of the axial single order local derviation at position processed.With reference to Fig. 2, it is noted that the middle sensitive grid 4 of sensitive segment 9 of right three sensitive grids 7 it is quick
Feel section 9 it is short (in actual figure 2 above the length of sensitive segment 9 of right three sensitive grids 7 for the sensitive segment 9 of middle right sensitive grid 5 half), laterally
The sensitive segment 9 of upper right three sensitive grid 7 arranges that closeer (hop count of the sensitive segment 9 of right three sensitive grids 7 is quick for the middle right side in actual figure 2 above
Feel the sensitive segment 9 of grid 5 3/2 times of hop count), and the pin 8-11 and 8-12 of right three sensitive grids 7 be arranged in right three sensitive grids 7
Left side, its purpose is to reduce the right center of three sensitive grid 7 as far as possible to the distance of foil gauge right side edge, in order to further send out
Wave above-mentioned advantage.Equally, left three sensitive grids 2, middle left sensitive grid 4 and a right sensitive grid 6 can coordinate the left center of three sensitive grid 2 of calculating
The strain axial direction first-order partial derivative of position；Arranged in length increasing transverse direction by the sensitive segment 9 for shortening left three sensitive grids 2 close
Degree, and by the pin arrangement of left three sensitive grids 2 and the right side of the sensitive grid, the left center of three sensitive grid 2 is reduced as far as possible to foil gauge
The distance of left side edge.The strain axial direction single order local derviation of the center of above-mentioned right three sensitive grid 7 and the left centre bit of three sensitive grid 2
The strain axial direction first-order partial derivative put can measure simultaneously.
Electric bridge is coordinated to can be used for measuring strain, strain axial single order local derviation the present embodiment, it is assumed that bridge input voltage is
ui, output voltage uo, the schematic diagram of measuring bridge is shown in Fig. 3.When without workpiece effects of strain, each arm resistance of electric bridge is according to up time
Pin direction is respectively labeled as R1、R2、R3、R4, in the also electric bridge where these sign flag resistance in the case of will not obscuring.Often
The sensitive grid or resistance of foil gauge can be laid on individual electric bridge.It is identical with general foil gauge arrangement, if in multiple bridge arms
Upper placement sensitive grid, the requirement of order, strain difinite quality to each installation position.During without workpiece effects of strain, the output of electric bridge
Voltage equation is
Now, it is desirable to bridge balance i.e. uo=0, then it must is fulfilled for so-called bridge balance condition R1R3-R2R4=0,
The electric bridge of use further meets
R1=R2=R3=R4, (6) because, first, when meeting condition (6), according to relevant theoretical foil gauge sensitivity most
It is high；Second, the method for measuring strain or the axial local derviation of strain is required to condition (6) establishment.When foil gauge strains with the external world
When straining, above-mentioned bridge balance condition is typically no longer set up, now
Due to Δ Ri＜ ＜ RiFirst ≈ of (i=1,2,3,4) event is set up, and second ≈ works as Δ R1-ΔR2With Δ R3-ΔR4
Jack per line or contrary sign but | Δ R1-ΔR2| with | Δ R3-ΔR4| not in close proximity to when set up, the reasonable selection foil gauge in engineering
Installation position can be realized completely.It is generally available the voltage measurement strain of formula (7) acquisition；Can convolution to straining axial local derviation
(4) and formula (7), reasonable design arrange each bridge arm sensitive grid and resistance, such as bridge arm R1Right sensitive grid 5, bridge arm R in arrangement2String
Right three sensitive grids 7 of connection arrangement and the first from left sensitive grid 3, remaining bridge arm configuration substitutional resistance, can obtain with the right center of three sensitive grid 7
Strain the linear magnitude of voltage u of axial single order local derviationo, the voltage is that small-signal need to be amplified.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of axial direction six sensitive grid full-bridge of distribution, three interdigital metal of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid should
Become piece, including substrate, it is characterised in that：The metal strain plate also includes six sensitive grids, the both ends difference of each sensitive grid
A pin is connected, six sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate；
Each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the both ends of the sensitive segment are changeover portion, and the sensitive segment is in elongate strip
Shape, the changeover portion are in tubbiness shape, and the resistance of the sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of the changeover portion, institute under same strain state
The increased resistance value for stating sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of the changeover portion, the increased resistance value of the changeover portion close to
0；
All cross section centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, and the sensitive segment axis is straight line section, and described six
The diameter parallel of each sensitive segment and it is generally aligned in the same plane in individual sensitive grid, sensitive segment axis determined in plane, along described
Sensitive segment axis direction is axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally；It is equal to there is its both sides resistance value on each sensitive segment
A cross section, take the cross-section centroid position and using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass formed where sensitive segment name
Particle, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is collectively forming are the center of sensitive grid；
Zero deflection in the horizontal between six sensitive grid centers, there is deviation in the axial direction；Six sensitive grids press sensitive grid centre bit
The order put, it is followed successively by left three sensitive grids, the first from left sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid, the right side one from left to right vertically
Sensitive grid and right three sensitive grids；Distance is Δ x between left three sensitive grid centers and middle left sensitive grid center1, in middle left sensitive grid
Distance is also Δ x between the heart and a right sensitive grid center1；Distance is Δ between the first from left sensitive grid center and middle right sensitive grid center
x2, distance is also Δ x between middle right sensitive grid center and right three sensitive grid centers2；In left three sensitive grid centers and the first from left sensitive grid
The distance of the heart is Δ x3, the distance at middle left sensitive grid center and middle right sensitive grid center is Δ x4, a right sensitive grid center and right three
Distance is Δ x between sensitive grid center5, and meet Δ x4-Δx3=Δ x5-Δx4=Δ x2-Δx1；
Each sensitive segment axis determined in plane, is in interdigital arrangement between the left side three sensitive grids of a left side and the first from left sensitive grid, in middle part
It is in interdigital arrangement between left sensitive grid and middle right sensitive grid, is in interdigital arrangement between the right three sensitive grids of the right side and a right sensitive grid,
Without the interdigital arrangement between other sensitive grids；
Left three sensitive grids, the first from left sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, the sensitivity of three sensitive grids of middle right sensitive grid, a right sensitive grid and the right side
Section all-in resistance is in 3：1：4：4：1：3 proportionate relationship, left three sensitive grids, the first from left sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, middle right sensitive grid,
The sensitive segment of a right sensitive grid and right three sensitive grids all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment under identical strain is also in 3：1：4：4：
1：3 proportionate relationship.
2. the six sensitive grid full-bridges of axial direction distribution of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1
Three interdigital metal strain plates, it is characterised in that：All shape of cross section sizes of each sensitive segment are consistent, take each sensitive segment
Axis point midway and the nominal particle that place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, described left three is sensitive
Grid, the first from left sensitive grid, middle left sensitive grid, the sensitive segment total length of three sensitive grids of middle right sensitive grid, a right sensitive grid and the right side are in 3：
1：4：4：1：3 proportionate relationship.
3. six sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2
Three interdigital metal strain plate of full-bridge, it is characterised in that：Two pins of left three sensitive grid are respectively positioned on the right side of the sensitive grid,
And two pins of right three sensitive grids are respectively positioned on the left side of the sensitive grid.
4. six sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2
Three interdigital metal strain plate of full-bridge, it is characterised in that：The sensitive segment axle of relatively middle sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and left three sensitive grids
Can be shorter to length and cross direction profiles can be closeer.
5. six sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2
Three interdigital metal strain plate of full-bridge, it is characterised in that：The metal strain plate also includes cover plate, and the cover plate is covered in described quick
Feel in grid and substrate.
6. six sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2
Three interdigital metal strain plate of full-bridge, it is characterised in that：The sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
7. six sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of the measurable bilateral biasing central axial local derviation of sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2
Three interdigital metal strain plate of full-bridge, it is characterised in that：The substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos base bottom or gold
Belong to substrate.
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Effective date of registration: 20201026 Address after: 510000 unit 2414-2416, building, No. five, No. 371, Tianhe District, Guangdong, China Patentee after: GUANGDONG GAOHANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OPERATION Co.,Ltd. Address before: The city Zhaohui six districts Chao Wang Road Hangzhou city Zhejiang province Zhejiang University of Technology No. 18 310014 Patentee before: ZHEJIANG University OF TECHNOLOGY Effective date of registration: 20201026 Address after: No.12, Jiangjia village, Miaoqiao, Tangqiao town, Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Wu Yongfen Address before: 510000 unit 2414-2416, building, No. five, No. 371, Tianhe District, Guangdong, China Patentee before: GUANGDONG GAOHANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OPERATION Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20230724 Address after: No.12, Miaoqiao Jiangjia village, Tangqiao town, Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Zhangjiagang Haoshang Doors and Windows Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.12, Miaoqiao Jiangjia village, Tangqiao town, Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: Wu Yongfen |
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