CN105318770A - 歧管、特别是用于冷却系统的冷却器中的歧管 - Google Patents

歧管、特别是用于冷却系统的冷却器中的歧管 Download PDF

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CN105318770A
CN105318770A CN201510602501.1A CN201510602501A CN105318770A CN 105318770 A CN105318770 A CN 105318770A CN 201510602501 A CN201510602501 A CN 201510602501A CN 105318770 A CN105318770 A CN 105318770A
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cooler
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D·斯佐斯泰克
G·罗曼斯基
A·贝德克
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Valeo Autosystemy Sp zoo
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05375—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with particular pattern of flow, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
    • F28F9/0214—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only longitudinal partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0224—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
    • F28F2225/08—Reinforcing means for header boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/16—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes extruded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/32—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for limiting movements, e.g. stops, locking means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2280/00—Mounting arrangements; Arrangements for facilitating assembling or disassembling of heat exchanger parts
    • F28F2280/04—Means for preventing wrong assembling of parts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

一种歧管(1)，特别用于冷却系统的冷却器(19)中，其包括壳体(4)，该壳体为具有封闭轮廓的单一元件、且具有至少一个限定在其中的纵向通道(5)，且壳体(4)的一个表面上还具有多个槽(10)，其中槽(10)与纵向通道(5)流体连通。歧管(1)还包括施加于壳体(4)上的覆盖轮廓件(2)，其在与对应于壳体(4)的槽(10)位置的位置处具有多个槽(3)，并且固定地连接于壳体(4)。歧管(1)的两个元件的槽(3，10)适于接收冷却器(19)的管(17)，同时纵向通道(5)在其表面(6)上具有能够与冷却器(19)的管(17)抵靠的止挡装置(8)。

Description

歧管、特别是用于冷却系统的冷却器中的歧管
技术领域
本发明涉及一种歧管，特别是用于冷却系统的冷却器中的歧管。
背景技术
已知的如US2003/0155109A1中，歧管(manifolds)由两个部件构成，也即内壳和适用于内壳且在内壳上折弯的覆盖轮廓件。那两个元件均具有多个相应的槽，以使得冷却组件/供应冷却介质的管插入，其中管仅插入覆盖轮廓件中。内壳具有限定于其中的供冷却介质流动的通道。然而，该技术方案导致需要使用所谓的“末端成型”工序，举例说使插入管的末端变薄从而仅管的该变薄的部分插入覆盖轮廓件的槽中，同时其未变薄的部分邻接于覆盖轮廓件以保持管的渗透性。因此管的制造更加复杂，且此外在末端成型工序中，管通道中(特别是两端的管)可能会发生不可控的阻塞或变形，这不利于冷却器的热效率。
本发明的目的是提供一种歧管，尽管其较深地插入歧管中，但通过避免冷却组件的管的任何额外的工序的需求，且同时保证冷却组件的管在任何情形下的渗透性，其更加简单，且更便宜地制造。
发明内容
上述的目的通过权利要求1及其从属权利要求的歧管达成。歧管包括壳体，其为具有封闭轮廓的一体元件，并且提供有至少一个限定在其中的纵向通道，且壳体的一个表面上具有多个槽。槽与至少一个纵向通道流体连通。歧管还包括施加于壳体上的覆盖轮廓件，且其在对应于壳体的槽位置的位置处具有多个槽。覆盖轮廓件固定地连接于且封闭壳体，覆盖轮廓件的槽适于接收冷却器管。根据本发明的歧管，其特征在于：壳体的至少一个纵向通道在其表面上具有能够与冷却器管抵靠的止挡装置，且壳体的槽也适于接收冷却器管。
如此发明的歧管更加简单且容易制造。通过使用止挡装置从而不需要使用机床制造冷却器管的末端且保证了管本身的入口/出口一直暴露，由此提供气体冷却器组件的最大渗透性。此外，管的末端不与可选的电镀部件，也就是覆盖轮廓件接触。由于那些原因，与毛细效应有关的镀层材料的通道在其液态时的堵塞风险(变多的熔化的焊料进入槽)变的不那么重要。此外，管接收于壳体内部的事实使得在部件的最终连接之前，包括根据本发明的歧管的气体冷却器组件已经相当坚硬，同时其个体的元件相对于彼此固定，其也一定程度的有利于组件的所有部件彼此之间的永久的连接，举例说通过钎焊。
附图说明
本发明在如下附图的实施例中示出，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的第一实施例的歧管的分解透视图。
图2示出了根据本发明的第一实施例的组装的歧管的透视图。
图3示出了根据本发明的第一实施例的引入了扁平管的歧管的横截面视图。
图4示出了图3的细节(detail)A。
图5示出了根据本发明的第二实施例的引入了扁平管的歧管的横截面视图。
图6示出了图5的细节(detail)B。
图7示出了具有根据本发明的歧管的气体冷却器组件。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的歧管1包括端盖或覆盖轮廓件2以及内壳4。覆盖轮廓件2由板制成，优选地板为铝和/或其合金，具有0.8mm至2mm、优选为1mm的厚度，通过压制工艺以及实际上折叠内壳4的外部形状的方式折弯制成。通过覆盖轮廓件2的这种构造从而易于制造。由铝和/或其合金制成的覆盖轮廓件2可在其一侧或两侧电镀，且具有设置于单列的多个槽3，在歧管1的使用中，气体冷却器19的扁平管17插入槽中。槽3为精确制造的槽，从而具有内部通道的扁平管17能紧密地接收于这些槽3中。
内壳4具有封闭中空轮廓，其为一体的元件，其通过挤压工艺制造，具有厚而实心的壁，用于承受高运行压力，轮廓内部包括两个分离的用于冷却介质流动的纵向通道5a和5b。通道5a和5b相互间通过加强弓部7隔开，从而加强内壳4和整个歧管1的构造的强度。内壳4在其内部、也就是在通道5a和5b的表面6a、6b上也具有止挡元件8，插入的扁平管17与其相抵靠。在本实施例中，止挡元件8构成为沿着通道5a和5b从它们的表面6a、6b朝向通道5a和5b的内部延伸的突起8a的形式。此外，内壳4在相应于覆盖轮廓件2中的槽3的位置处也具有多个槽10，其中槽10不需要如覆盖轮廓件2的槽3按照精确的尺寸制造，即，槽10的尺寸不必一定完全匹配于扁平管17的尺寸，槽10只要具有大于或者至少相同于扁平管17的尺寸已足够，所以槽3也一样。这导致扁平管17宽松地接收于槽10且紧密地接收于槽3中。槽10可通过使用铣锯(millingsaw)的工艺而制成，该工艺不需要精确，从而以那种方式的内壳4能简单而便宜地制造。此外，槽10与内壳4的通道5a、5b流体连通。正如覆盖轮廓件2，内壳4优选也由铝和/或其合金制成。
如图2所示，覆盖轮廓件2覆盖且折弯于内壳4上，特别是超过其角部9，从而优选地，内壳4的外表面之一的较大的部分、优选地与具有槽10的表面相反的外露面12构成为保持不被覆盖轮廓件2覆盖。当然，覆盖轮廓件2不需要遮盖内壳4的几乎全部或全部的表面。覆盖轮廓件2至少遮盖槽10所在的内壳4的表面已足够，在现在正在描述的优选实施例的情况中，在这种情况下覆盖轮廓件2没有覆盖内壳4的大部分，其中内壳4不再位于折弯的覆盖轮廓件2内部，相反地，这两个元件相邻。覆盖轮廓件2纵向延伸越过内壳4的轮廓，也即越过壳体的末端14以形成用于挡板/插塞16的座15，其中挡板/插塞优选为铝和/或其合金制成，用于密封内壳4的末端14和整个歧管1。然而，在另一个实施例中，不需要形成这样的座，这种情况下两个覆盖轮廓件12以及内壳4的末端互相对准，从而插塞16抵靠在那两个元件上。覆盖轮廓件2和内壳4通过在钎焊炉中钎焊而连结在一起且互相相对密封，同时也相对于插塞16密封。这形成了这些部件之间的所有接触边缘的密封。以这种方式组装的歧管1具有实质上长方形的截面。
根据本发明的歧管1用在气体冷却器组件19中时，其间延伸有肋18的扁平管17被引入歧管1的两个部件的槽3，10中。管首先紧密地接收于槽3中，接着宽松地插入槽10中且抵靠于内壳4中的止挡元件18，由此它们进入内壳4的进一步移动被止挡。这也导致扁平管17的出口/入口不会被通道5a、5b的表面6a、6b阻挡/封闭。这样的构造也允许整个气体冷却器组件的精确以及简单的组装，且其保证以这种方式被组装的组件的部件在钎焊之前/之中不会旋转或相对于彼此移动，同时不需要使用所谓的“末端成型”工序。扁平管17通过在扁平管17和覆盖轮廓件2之间、也就是环绕槽3的钎焊而固定至以及密封至歧管1。
图5和6示出了根据本发明的歧管1的第二实施例。根据该实施例的歧管1的基本设计与图1-4的第一实施例相同。然而，在这种情况下，内壳4仅具有单独的一个与槽10流体连通的纵向通道5，且因此只有一个纵向通道5的表面6，即，内壳4的内部没有通过加强弓部7被分成两个隔离的通道5a，5b。组装好的歧管1具有类似于圆柱的构造，且由于这样的构造自然会承受较高的压力并且管的直径不大(为数/数十毫米数量级)，因而加强弓部7的使用不是必需的。在该实施例中，止挡元件8为设置在内壳4的内表面上，即，槽10处纵向通道5的表面6的凹口(notch)8b的形式。此外，内壳4包括其外表面上槽10附近的两个相反的纵向凸起11。这些凸起11为用在加强歧管1的密封工序和将其部件连接至一起的工序中的主要的焊接点。通过使用凸起11获得组件，因此，至少这两个凸起11和内壳4与越过管的整个长度的覆盖轮廓件2接触，从而提供了正确以及有效的焊接。此外，凸起11改进了覆盖轮廓件2在内壳4上折弯的效果。
图7示出了冷却系统的气体冷却器组件，其使用根据本发明的歧管1。气体冷却器19的右手侧上设置有两个独立的歧管1，其中一个用于供应冷却介质至冷却器，另一个用于排出该冷却介质。这些歧管1在没有被覆盖轮廓件2遮盖的暴露面12上具有连接至冷却介质的外部回路的孔/端口13。这些开口流体连通于内壳4的通道5、5a、5b。气体冷却器19在左手侧示出的歧管1不包括这些开口13，因此其仅仅是气体冷却器组件19中的一个中间元件，即，冷却介质在组件的右手侧流入歧管1中的一个，流过扁平管的一部分，流入组件左手侧的歧管1，接着再次流入扁平管17，并从组件的右手侧的另一个歧管1流出。在气体冷却器组件19的另一个实施例中，组件的每一侧有一个歧管1，每一个歧管上都具有孔/端口13，且歧管中的一个为入口歧管，同时另一个为出口歧管。类似地，可以在组件的每一侧设置一个歧管1，其中一个歧管没有孔/端口13，另一个有两个孔/端口13用于供给和排出冷却介质。
应当注意的是可以对本发明的上述实施例之间的技术特征做出替代。举例说，在具有两个独立通道5a、5b的内壳4中可使用凹口8a、8b的形式的止挡元件8，在具有仅一个通道5的内壳4中，可使用凸起8a形式的止挡元件8。也不需要使用两个止挡元件8，在很多实际应用中一个足以，此外，这些与槽10关联的元件的位置可以改变，也就是临近槽10或与它们间隔一定距离。也可以将多个歧管1连接成一个较长的歧管，这种情况下，使用没有插塞16的歧管，且将它们牢固地依次连接，且只有最端部的歧管被插塞16封闭。

Claims (10)

1.一种歧管(1)，特别是用于冷却系统的冷却器(19)中的歧管，所述歧管包括：
壳体(4)，其为具有封闭轮廓的单一元件、并且具有至少一个限定在其中的纵向通道(5)，且所述壳体(4)的一个表面上还具有多个槽(10)，所述槽(10)与所述至少一个纵向通道(5)流体连通；并且一覆盖轮廓件(2)施加于所述壳体(4)上，所述覆盖轮廓件在对应于所述壳体(4)的所述槽(10)位置的位置处具有多个槽(3)，所述覆盖轮廓件(2)固定地连接到所述壳体(4)、且密封所述壳体，所述覆盖轮廓件(2)的所述槽(3)适于接收所述冷却器(19)的管(17)；
其特征在于，
所述至少一个纵向通道(5)在其表面(6)上具有能够与所述冷却器(19)的所述管(17)抵靠的止挡装置(8)；且所述壳体(4)的所述槽(10)也适于接收所述冷却器(19)的所述管(17)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的歧管，其特征在于，所述止挡装置(8)为在所述至少一个纵向通道(5)的所述表面(6)上的相对的凸起(8a)的形式，所述凸起(8a)朝向所述至少一个纵向通道(5)的内部、且设置在所述壳体(4)的所述槽(10)处。
3.根据权利要求1所述的歧管，其特征在于，所述止挡装置(8)为在所述至少一个纵向通道(5)的所述表面(6)上的凹口(8b)的形式，所述凹口(8b)设置在所述壳体(4)的所述槽(10)处。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的歧管，其特征在于，所述壳体(4)的所述槽(10)的尺寸为至少等于或者大于所述覆盖轮廓件(2)的所述槽(3)的尺寸。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的歧管，其特征在于，所述至少一个纵向通道(5)包括被加强弓部(7)隔开的两个通道(5a，5b)，每个所述通道(5a，5b)在其表面(6a，6b)上均具有自身的止挡装置(8)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的歧管，其特征在于，所述覆盖轮廓件(2)是如此施加于所述壳体(4)上的，即其中所述壳体(4)的一个表面(12)被暴露，所述表面(12)具有与所述至少一个纵向通道(5)流体连通的至少一个端口(13)，其用于连接到冷却介质的外部回路。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的歧管，其特征在于，所述覆盖轮廓件(2)和所述壳体(10)两者均由铝和/或铝合金制成，并且通过钎焊的方式而互相连接。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的歧管，其特征在于，在其两端均由插塞(16)封闭。
9.根据权利要求8所述的歧管，其特征在于，所述插塞(16)也由铝和/或铝合金制成，且其也通过钎焊的方式而联接至所述覆盖轮廓件(2)和所述壳体(10)。
10.一种冷却器(19)，其包括根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的歧管(1)。
CN201510602501.1A 2014-06-26 2015-06-26 歧管、特别是用于冷却系统的冷却器中的歧管 Pending CN105318770A (zh)

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