CN105316458A - 一种金属热处理工艺的改进方法 - Google Patents

一种金属热处理工艺的改进方法 Download PDF

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CN105316458A
CN105316458A CN201410287472.XA CN201410287472A CN105316458A CN 105316458 A CN105316458 A CN 105316458A CN 201410287472 A CN201410287472 A CN 201410287472A CN 105316458 A CN105316458 A CN 105316458A
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treatment process
thermal treatment
spring
tempering
improvement method
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唐莉娟
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种金属热处理工艺的改进方法。用60Si↓[2]CrVa钢制的弹条,是通过中频感应加热温度为950~1150℃弯制成型并淬火,其回火加热温度为490~650℃。采用本发明给出的热处理工艺加工弹条,不仅弹条的强度高,韧性好,耐疲劳寿命长,而且缺口敏感性小。

Description

一种金属热处理工艺的改进方法
技术领域
本发明属于金属热处理工艺的改进。
背景技术
弹条是一种用来将钢轨固定在混凝土轨枕上的弹性扣件,它是用φ13~14mm圆钢棒热弯成形,并经热处理而制成的。常用的弹条是用55Si2Mn、60Si2Mn或60Si2MnA钢制造,它适用于一般铁路运输(列车轴重20T,行车速度≤100Km/h,每个扣件初始扣压力不小于7.5KN,疲劳寿命大于200万次)。由于铁路向高速重载方向发展,对弹条的力学性能有较高的要求。根据国际招标(TCBW-92401)书中的技术文件要求,扣件使用条件为:在机车(电力、三轴)轴重25T,车辆轴重23T,行车速度160Km/h(客车)以上条件下使用,并要求每个扣件初始扣压力不小于10KN,疲劳寿命大于500万次。对于国际招标书中要求的使用条件,常用的弹条是达不到要求的。既使是选用各种力学性能均较好的材料,利用现有淬火加热温度为850℃,回火温度为410~480℃的处理工艺仍存在弹条韧性差,在受力较大时易断裂。另外由于该钢强度高,故缺口敏感性强,而钢材表面不可避免地,或多或少地存在一些缺陷,如果在上述温度范围内回火,则当弹条在交变载荷作用下因应力集中,在弹条表面缺陷处易产生疲劳裂纹,裂纹将会迅速扩展而造成弹条断裂。因此,使弹条的疲劳寿命大大降低。
发明内容
本发明的技术要点是:用60Si2CrVA钢制的弹条,是通过中频感应加热温度为950~1150℃弯制成型并淬火,其回火加热温度为490~650℃。采用本发明给出的处理工艺加工弹条,不仅弹条的强度高,韧性好,耐疲劳寿命长,而且缺口敏感性小。采用本发明的热处理工艺生产的弹条,经检测部门采用美国MTS810疲劳试验机(25KN档/位移控制)、Sin波。精度:读出值误差≤3%)对其进行的单件疲劳试验(试验条件:在弹条扣压钢轨处施加12KN的垂直荷载后,沿加载方向施加0.5mm位移,反向0.8mm位移,位移全振幅1.3mm),结果表明:经1200万次疲劳试验后,在工具显微镜下(7~10倍)观察试验危险断面表面周围,未发现裂纹等异常情况,弹条残余变形0.7mm,与575万次疲劳后观察到的残余变形值相同,表明疲劳循环次数575万次至1200万次期间,残余变形没有发展。残余变形0.7mm,折合扣压力损失为0.84KN,达到国际同类产品先进水平。将表面具有6处折迭(折迭深度范围在0.05~1.1mm)的60Si2CrVA弹条采用本发明的热处理工艺处理后,按上述单件疲劳试验条件进行500万次疲劳试验后未发生断裂,对其剖样并制成全相试样,然后用OLYMPUSPME3金相显微镜在1000倍下观察,折迭尖端并未向金属内部发展。组装疲劳试验:试验条件:将两根高度截短为120mm的60Kg/m钢轨(短轨)置于45°倾角的加力架上,在中央施加20-140KN垂直力。试验结果:经200.26万次疲劳后,试验各部件(每组4件弹条)均没有破损,轨距扩大量为1.5mm。
具体实施方式
弹条的热处理工艺过程是这样的:将所下的条料,经加热弯制成型并淬火,然后通过回火加热及表面处理得产品。其热处理工艺是用中频输出功率为140~185KW的中频感应加热淬火,加热时间掌握在15~50秒,加热温度950~1150℃,淬火温度(弹条进入淬火槽时的温度)≥850℃,淬火冷却介质温度为20~80℃。弹条回火加热温度为490~650℃,回火加热时间为65~80分钟,其回火冷却介质是发黑液,回火冷却介质温度≤80℃。

Claims (2)

1.一种金属热处理工艺的改进方法,即60Si2CrVA钢制弹条热处理工艺,其特征是用60Si2CrVA钢制的弹条,是通过中频感应加热温度为950~1150℃弯制成型并淬火,其回火加热温度为490~650℃。
2.按照权利要求1所述的热处理工艺,其特征是用中频输出功率为140~185KW的中频感应加热淬火,加热时间掌握在15~50秒,回火加热时间为65~80分钟。
CN201410287472.XA 2014-06-25 2014-06-25 一种金属热处理工艺的改进方法 Pending CN105316458A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20160210