CN105308317A - Large-capacity electric power storage system using thermal energy/chemical potential - Google Patents
Large-capacity electric power storage system using thermal energy/chemical potential Download PDFInfo
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- CN105308317A CN105308317A CN201380077281.4A CN201380077281A CN105308317A CN 105308317 A CN105308317 A CN 105308317A CN 201380077281 A CN201380077281 A CN 201380077281A CN 105308317 A CN105308317 A CN 105308317A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/005—Electro-chemical actuators; Actuators having a material for absorbing or desorbing gas, e.g. a metal hydride; Actuators using the difference in osmotic pressure between fluids; Actuators with elements stretchable when contacted with liquid rich in ions, with UV light, with a salt solution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a large-capacity electric power storage system using saline water, the system being capable of separating saline water into high-density saline water and fresh water and storing them using surplus power, during a low load, and producing power using the density difference between the high-density saline water and fresh water when power consumption increases rapidly, i.e. during a peak load. A super-large-capacity power storage system using saline water comprises: a condensation device for condensing/separating saline water and supplying condensed saline water and fresh water; a condensed saline water storage device and a fresh water storage device for storing the condensed saline water and fresh water supplied from the condensation device, respectively; a salinity difference power generation device connected to the condensed saline water storage device and the fresh water storage device to generate power using the density difference between the condensed saline water and fresh water; and a saline water storage device for storing saline water, which has passed through the salinity difference power generation device, and supplying the condensation device with saline water.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the large-capacity power storage system using heat energy and chemical potential, more specifically, relate to the large-capacity power storage system using salt solution, described large-capacity power storage system can use excess power salt solution to be separated into highly enriched salt solution and fresh water to store it between low-load period, and during peak load, utilize the difference in the concentration between highly enriched salt solution and fresh water to produce electric power (there is the power consumpiton increased rapidly during described peak load), and use used heat to raise the temperature of salt solution and fresh water to improve chemical potential in conventional equipment.
Background technique
In centralized generating (such as thermal power generation or nuclear power generation), there is a shortcoming, that is, in order to meet peak power requirements, usually should prepare large-scale non-firm power in advance, even if the running rate of equipment can reduce.
In addition, the new renewable energy sources of wind-power electricity generation, solar energy power generating etc. is used to be not suitable for reliably powering, this is because electricity according to the fluctuation change of weather very greatly.
Therefore, for centralized generating, the problem in line with the object of preparing for peak power requirements and in order to solve the power supply of the instability caused by environmental factor in the generating using new renewable energy sources, needs a kind of large-capacity power storage system.
As the large-capacity power storage system of current use, there are the generating of battery (lead storage battery, network attached storage (NaS), lithium ion battery, metal-air battery, redox flow batteries etc.), pumping-up type, compressed air energy storage (CAES), vast capacity, flywheel and superconducting magnetic stored energy (SMES) etc.
Above-described large-capacity power storage system is except pumping-up type generating and CAES, other all needs high initial investment cost and in storage capacity, has restriction (being less than 1GW), is difficult to the large-capacity power storage system being used as GW rank thus.
In addition, the pumping-up type generating with low initial investment cost causes a problem, that is, because the risk of the restriction in addressing and disturbance ecology system, himself is built is (the Korea patent registration No.10-102056) that difficulty is done.
In addition, there is restriction in CAES in use, this is because need to find enough solid ground to carry out store compressed air (Korean Patent openly announces No.10-2011-7026187).
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
Consider problem mentioned above, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of large-capacity power storage system, heat energy is stored to make the maximizing efficiency of chemical potential storage system by utilizing the used heat in power station, the waste gas of diesel generator or other heating medium simultaneously, described large-capacity power storage system in centralized generating and can use in the generating of new renewable energy sources the power demand and supply that solve instability, and this is unlike the Conventional mass power storage system at room temperature using salt solution in related domain.
Technological scheme
To achieve these goals, provide the vast capacity power storage system using salt solution, comprise: concentrator, described concentrator is configured to carry out concentrated to salt solution and salt solution be separated into concentrated salt solution and fresh water to supply described concentrated salt solution and described fresh water; Concentrated salt solution memory device and fresh water memory device, described concentrated salt solution memory device and fresh water memory device are configured to, and store the concentrated salt solution and fresh water supplied by concentrator respectively; Salinity gradient power generation equipment, described salinity gradient power generation equipment connection, to concentrated salt solution memory device and fresh water memory device, produces electric power with the difference be used in the concentration between concentrated salt solution and fresh water; And salt solution memory device, described salt solution memory device is configured to store the salt solution through salinity gradient power generation equipment, and salt solution is supplied to concentrator, and at least one wherein in concentrated salt solution, salt solution and fresh water is heated by heat exchange circuit.
Be supplied to the salt solution of concentrator can be supplied by salt solution memory device or salt solution supply source.
Be supplied to the fresh water of salinity gradient power generation equipment can be supplied by fresh water memory device or water supply source.
Power generating equipment can comprise one or more generating primitive, and described generating primitive can comprise: anode paths, and solution electrode flows through described anode paths, negative electrode path, solution electrode is through described negative electrode path flow, and described negative electrode path is arranged to towards described anode paths, spaced apart with described anode paths, and fresh water path and salt water route, described fresh water is through described fresh water path flow, described salt solution is through described salt solution path flow, described fresh water path and described salt water route are alternately placed from anode paths between anode paths and negative electrode path, salt water route described in described negative electrode pathway contiguous, wherein anode paths and negative electrode path can form closed-loop path thus electrode clean solution is circulated wherein, when fresh water path and salt water route are based on when placing from anode paths to the direction in negative electrode path with this order, cation-exchange membrane can be placed between anode paths and fresh water path, and between negative electrode path and salt water route, anion-exchange membrane can be placed between fresh water path and salt water route, and when salt water route and fresh water path are based on when placing from anode paths to the direction in negative electrode path with this order, cation-exchange membrane can be placed between salt water route and fresh water path, and the positive ion of the positive ion of solution electrode and salt solution can be mutually the same.
Anode paths and negative electrode path can comprise electrode active material wherein.
Beneficial effect
According to the present invention, closed circuit can be formed by electrical power storage and generating, salt solution circulates in described closed circuit as energy storage medium, and described electrical power storage realizes by being separated salt solution, and described generating is by the concentrated salt solution be separated is mixed realization mutually with fresh water.In addition, when the salt solution of introducing and the temperature of fresh water raise by carrying out heat exchange with the used heat in power station, the activity comprising ion in aqueous can strengthen, and thus, the effect that heat stores becomes the increase of chemical potential.
In addition, if desired, power storage system can be used for, from the object of concentrated brine collection useful resources (salt and mineral substance), object etc. as potable water, also can utilizing by-product thus.
In addition, salt solution can be used to reduce initial investment cost according to power storage system of the present invention.In addition, due to less with hydroelectric power system phase specific energy density capacity that is higher and thesaurus, therefore competitive power storage system can be provided by using highly enriched salt to carry out stored energy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the large-capacity power storage system using salt solution according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the generating primitive of the salinity gradient power generation equipment used in the large-capacity power storage system of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the generating output map considering variable temperatures factor in the generating primitive of Fig. 2.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described.With reference to accompanying drawing, similar reference character indicates similar or corresponding part in each width figure.In an embodiment of the present invention, can the function and structure of unnecessarily fuzzy the intent of the present invention can not be described in detail well-known being considered to.
The power storage unit 102 and generator unit 104 that divide based on function is generally included according to the large-capacity power storage system of the use salt solution 100 of the embodiment of the present invention.In the present invention, salt solution is as the aggregate concept comprising brackish water.
Power storage unit 102 comprises concentrator 106, and generator unit 104 comprises salinity gradient power generation equipment 114.Herein, power storage unit 102 and generator unit 104 share salt solution memory device 112 for storing salt solution, for storing the concentrated salt solution memory device 110 of concentrated salt solution and the fresh water memory device 108 for storing fresh water.
Therefore, fresh water and highly enriched salt solution are stored in fresh water memory device 108 and concentrated salt solution memory device 110 respectively, in thermal power generation, nuclear power generation etc., between low-load period, use excess power to be separated described fresh water and highly enriched salt solution, or use cause due to wind-power electricity generation or solar energy power generating have the electric power of large fluctuation to be separated described fresh water and highly enriched salt solution.
For concentrator 106, any conventional technique as known in the art can be used.Such as, for concentrator 106, multiple technologies can be used, such as distill (multistage flash evaporation (MSF), multi-effect distilling (MED), steam compressed (VC)), ion exchange, membrane process (electrodialysis reversal (EDR), reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), Membrane Materials (MD)), capacitive deionization, freeze desalination, underground heat desalination, (solar energy humidification dries (HDH) in solar energy desalination, multiple-effect humidification (MEH)), the crystallization of methane hyrate, high-quality water reuses, seawater greenhouse etc., but be not limited to above-mentioned technology in the present invention.
For salinity gradient power generation equipment 114, can use multiple processing procedure, such as pressure delays infiltration, electrodialysis reversal, capacitive method, Absorption Cooling System, the sun (energy) pond etc., but is not limited to above-mentioned processing procedure in the present invention.
Large-capacity power storage system 100 according to the present invention can use highly enriched salt to store with the pattern of chemical potential, and stores heat energy by the temperature raising salt solution and fresh water.Heat energy can be used to use the excess power of waste gas, hot water or multiple processing procedure of discharging directly to heat.
More specifically, because the temperature of fresh water and salt solution raises, thus the efficiency comprising the separation process of power generation process is improved, therefore, it is possible to improve the efficiency of configuration system.
In other words, if use RED equipment in power generation process, according to the research of E.Brauns, have report display, when temperature is elevated to 30 DEG C from 20 DEG C, generating efficiency improves 25% (see E.Brauns, desalination (Desalination), 237,378-391), and can find out, when in PRO process during raised temperature, generating efficiency improves 46% (see Y.C.Kim and M.Elimelech, J.Member.Sci., 429,330-337).In addition, when using Membrane Materials (MD) process as equipment for concentrating highly enriched salt solution, the vaporization heat of supplying moisture is necessary.Thus, when the salt solution with the temperature just raised and fresh water mix be introduced in separation equipment time, can process efficiency be improved.Therefore, use the difference stored energy in ion concentration and keep heat energy simultaneously, this can obtain the result improved further.
In order to add this heat energy to salt solution and fresh water, as shown in Figure 1, the concentrated salt solution memory device 110 storing concentrated salt solution and the fresh water memory device 108 storing fresh water contact with heat exchange circuit 124.Heat exchange circuit 124 is connected with thermal source (not shown) and comprises the heating medium of flowing wherein, thus by the heat conduction of heating medium to concentrated salt solution or fresh water.In addition, when being introduced wherein from outside by fresh water, another heat exchange circuit 126 can be provided to heat fresh water.In addition, also can install extraly for carrying out the fresh water dashpot 128 of heat exchange with fresh water, and from fresh water dashpot 128 in time enough to water supply heat.
Fig. 2 illustrates the concentration difference generating primitive 130 that can be used for forming salinity gradient power generation equipment 114.Multiple generating primitive 130 uses by being connected to each other in parallel or in series.
Generating primitive 130 comprises the anode collector 131 and cathode collector 139 placed separated from one anotherly, and cation-exchange membrane 133 and 137, described cation-exchange membrane 133 and 137 to be placed in the space that formed between anode collector 131 and cathode collector 139 thus spaced apart with them near them.In addition, an anion-exchange membrane 135 is placed between cation-exchange membrane 133 and 137.
In addition, when two or more anion-exchange membranes are placed between two cation-exchange membranes 133 and 137, anion-exchange membrane and cation-exchange membrane can alternately be placed, but anion-exchange membrane should be placed on outermost.
According to above-described layout, anode paths 132 is formed between anode collector 131 and cation-exchange membrane 133, and negative electrode path 138 is formed between cathode collector 139 and cation-exchange membrane 137.In addition, fresh water path 134 and salt water route 136 are alternately arranged between anode paths 132 and negative electrode path 138.Spacer can be installed in fresh water path 134, salt water route 136, anode paths 132 and negative electrode path 138, be changed to prevent the interval between them.
Solution electrode circulates in anode paths 132 and negative electrode path 138, and solution electrode has the positive ion identical with the salt solution flowed in salt water route 136.Therefore, solution electrode has sodium ion (Na
+).
In this solution electrode, the excess electron caused by flowing into and release sodium ion or not enough electronics are loaded by the redox of the specific ion in solution electrode.Such as, as use ferrocyanide (Fe (CN)
6) and the mixed electrolyte solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) time, electronics is by Fe
2+with Fe
3+between conversion filling.In addition, chlorion (Cl
-) be included in salt solution as negative ion.Na can be used
2sO
4, FeCl
2, the electrolyte such as EDTA replaces above-mentioned electrolyte.
As shown in Figure 2, the migration of ion occurs in fresh water path 134 and salt water route 136, described fresh water path 134 and salt water route 136 are sequentially arranged between the anode paths 132 and the negative electrode path 138 of cathode electrode of anode electrode.That is, positive ion (such as Na
+) move through cation-exchange membrane 133 and 137, and negative ion (such as Cl
-) move through anion-exchange membrane 135.Therefore, the positive ion of anode paths 132 can move to fresh water path 134, and the positive ion of salt water route 136 can move to negative electrode path 138.In addition, the negative ion of salt water route 136 can move to fresh water path 134.As a result, move period from the salt water part with highly enriched salt to the fresh water part with low concentrated salt at ion, positive ion moves towards right cathode electrode direction, and negative ion moves towards left anode electrode direction simultaneously.Thus, when ionic current flows to the left from right side, in anode paths 132, there is oxidation reaction thus obtain electronics from electrolyte, and in negative electrode path 138, reduction reaction occurring thus from electrolyte applying electronic.Thus, electronics can along the flowing of exterior conductive circuit with generation current.In this case, the voltage of the electricity produced measured by the voltmeter 140 by being connected to anode collector 131 and cathode collector 139.
In this case, electrode active material is dispersed in anode paths 132 and negative electrode path 138, and ion more easily can be adsorbed through electrode active material thus.For this electrode active material, porous carbon (active carbon, carbon fiber, carbon aerogels, carbon nano-tube, Graphene etc.) can be used, plumbago, metallic oxide powder etc.Electrode active material loses concentration difference therebetween after passing salinity gradient power generation equipment 114, and is collected by independent collecting device (such as, filter) with recycling.
Therefore, can salinity gradient power generation equipment 114 be passed through, use generating primitive 130, by concentrated salt solution and fresh water generation.In this case, the electricity of generation has characteristic as shown in Figure 3, and specific power is 0.4W/m at 17 DEG C of temperature places respectively
2and be 0.68W/m at 35 DEG C of temperature places
2, described specific power roughly keeps constant along with the change of time.
In addition, when through salinity gradient power generation equipment 114, concentrated salt solution and fresh water exchange ion each other, thus obtain the salt solution lower than again concentrated brine strength, to be stored in salt solution memory device 112 by salt solution lower for described concentration.The salt solution be stored in salt solution memory device 112 is supplied to concentrator 106 to realize the circulation of electrical power storage and electric discharge again.
In addition, the concentrated salt solution be separated by concentrator 106 can be passed through concentrated salt solution expulsion valve 118 and discharges, to be used in the production of useful resource (salt or mineral substance) salt, and fresh water can be passed through fresh water discharging valve 120 discharge be used as potable water.Thus, when there is shortage, by using the salt solution supply valve 116 being connected to external saline supply source that condensed water is supplied to concentrator 106, or by use be connected to outside water supply source water supply valve 122 by water supply to salinity gradient power generation equipment 114.
Particularly, when removing fresh water wittingly and provide salt solution further, the overall salt amount in large-capacity power storage system 100 can increase, and increases the salinity of concentrated salt solution thus.As a result, the concentration difference between fresh water and concentrated salt solution can increase, and improves generating efficiency thus.
In addition, by installing heat exchanger in salt solution and/or fresh water memory device, when using the used heat supply heat energy in power station or single generator, as shown in Figure 3, salinity gradient power generation efficiency significantly improves than during room temperature.That is, by heating and storing salt solution and/or fresh water, output can remain on high level, and the scale of memory device can reduce, and the scale of power generating equipment also can reduce.Thus, consider the vapor pressure according to temperature, can storing temperature be determined, or the equipment (not shown) for reducing steam output can be added.
With reference to preferred embodiment, invention has been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that and can make numerous modifications and variations herein, and this will not depart from the scope of the present invention of the claim restriction of enclosing.
The description of reference character
100: large-capacity power storage system
102: power storage unit
104: generator unit
106: concentrator
108: fresh water memory device
110: concentrated salt solution memory device
112: salt solution memory device
114: salinity gradient power generation equipment
116: salt solution supply valve
118: concentrated salt solution expulsion valve
120: fresh water discharging valve
122: water supply valve
124,126: heat exchange circuit
128: fresh water dashpot
130: concentration difference generating primitive
131: anode collector
132: anode paths
133,137: cation-exchange membrane
134: fresh water path
135: anion-exchange membrane
136: salt water route
138: negative electrode path
139: cathode collector
140: voltmeter
Claims (5)
1. use a vast capacity power storage system for salt solution, it comprises:
Concentrator, described concentrator is configured to carry out concentrated to salt solution and salt solution be separated into concentrated salt solution and fresh water to supply described concentrated salt solution and described fresh water;
Concentrated salt solution memory device and fresh water memory device, described concentrated salt solution memory device and fresh water memory device are configured to, and store the described concentrated salt solution and described fresh water supplied by described concentrator respectively;
Salinity gradient power generation equipment, described salinity gradient power generation equipment connection, to described concentrated salt solution memory device and described fresh water memory device, produces electric power to use the difference in the concentration between described concentrated salt solution and described fresh water; And
Salt solution memory device, described salt solution memory device is configured to store the described salt solution through described salinity gradient power generation equipment, and described salt solution is supplied to described concentrator,
At least one in wherein said concentrated salt solution, described salt solution and described fresh water is heated by heat exchange circuit.
2. the vast capacity power storage system of use salt solution according to claim 1, is wherein supplied to the described salt solution of described concentrator to be supplied by described salt solution memory device or salt solution supply source.
3. the vast capacity power storage system of use salt solution according to claim 1, is wherein supplied to the described fresh water of described salinity gradient power generation equipment to be supplied by described fresh water memory device or water supply source.
4. the vast capacity power storage system of use salt solution according to claim 1, wherein said power generating equipment comprises one or more generating primitive, and
Described generating primitive comprises:
Anode paths, solution electrode flows through described anode paths;
Negative electrode path, solution electrode is through described negative electrode path flow, and described negative electrode path is arranged to towards described anode paths, spaced apart with described anode paths; And
Fresh water path and salt water route, described fresh water is through described fresh water path flow, described salt solution is through described salt solution path flow, described fresh water path and described salt water route are alternately placed from described anode paths between described anode paths and described negative electrode path, salt water route described in described negative electrode pathway contiguous
Wherein said anode paths and formation closed-loop path, described negative electrode path thus electrode clean solution is circulated wherein,
When described fresh water path and described salt water route are based on when placing from described anode paths to the direction in described negative electrode path with this order, cation-exchange membrane is placed between described anode paths and described fresh water path, and between described negative electrode path and described salt water route, anion-exchange membrane is placed between described fresh water path and described salt water route, and when described salt water route and described fresh water path are based on when placing from described anode paths to the direction in described negative electrode path with this order, cation-exchange membrane is placed between described salt water route and described fresh water path, and
The positive ion of described solution electrode and the positive ion of described salt solution mutually the same.
5. the vast capacity power storage system of use salt solution according to claim 4, wherein said anode paths and described negative electrode path comprise electrode active material wherein.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2013/004019 WO2014181898A1 (en) | 2013-05-08 | 2013-05-08 | Large-capacity electric power storage system using thermal energy/chemical potential |
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| CN105308317A true CN105308317A (en) | 2016-02-03 |
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| WO (1) | WO2014181898A1 (en) |
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