CN105305548A - Electric automobile battery management system - Google Patents
Electric automobile battery management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105305548A CN105305548A CN201510726835.XA CN201510726835A CN105305548A CN 105305548 A CN105305548 A CN 105305548A CN 201510726835 A CN201510726835 A CN 201510726835A CN 105305548 A CN105305548 A CN 105305548A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electric automobile battery management system. The battery management system is characterized by comprising a microcontroller unit (MCU), a protection and safety evaluation module connected with the MCU, an active equalization module connected with the MCU, and a heat management module connected with the MCU, wherein the protection and safety evaluation module is composed of a protection module and a measurement module. According to the invention, high-energy-efficiency and large-equalization-current intelligent management can be carried out on groups of lithium ion batteries, the problem of rapid attenuation of effective capacity of battery packs, caused by inconsistency of such property parameters of lithium ion battery packs used by electric automobiles as battery capacity, internal resistance, voltage platforms, self-discharge rates and the like is solved, and the service life of the lithium battery packs is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new-energy automobile field, particularly a kind of cell management system of electric automobile.
Background technology
For electric motor car, its three large core technology is battery system assembly, motor, electronic control technology, is commonly called as " three electric systems ".Current motor, electronic control technology relative maturity, battery assembly technology remains at bottleneck, the capacity attenuation that distinct issues show as battery system to the charge and discharge cycle-index of 80% initial capacity far below the cycle-index (this number of times be in the industry defined as the cycle life of battery core) of single-unit battery core capacity attenuation to 80% initial value.The core of battery assembly is battery management technique, i.e. BMS technology, and the core of BMS technology is balancing technique.Existing BMS technology is divided into " passive equilibrium " and " active equalization " two large main flow, passive balanced BMS can carry out balanced management when charging to battery pack, each block battery core that it realizes battery pack by the mode that the electricity in short slab is dissipated all is filled, but capacity is still limited to short slab when electric discharge, so effect object solves or alleviate memory build-up effect.Actual product in use considers the serious heating problem that dissipation mode is brought, the limited size of euqalizing current, general below 500 milliamperes, adopt larger euqalizing current to be difficult to solve except heat dissipation problem, the uneven of warm field, local even can the inconsistency of battery core in deterioration group more.And active equalization BMS is the BMS product of most significant end in the market, adopt the euqalizing current of the centralized active equalization of DC/DC, on market, the maximum euqalizing current of existing product is 5A, and the efficiency with 90% is mark post.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of cell management system of electric automobile, the intelligent management of high energy efficiency, large euqalizing current can be carried out to lithium-ion electric core in groups, solve the problem of the battery pack available capacity rapid decay that the Li-ion batteries piles that uses of electric automobile causes due to the inconsistency of the performance parameters such as battery core capacity, internal resistance, voltage platform and self-discharge rate, extend the useful life of lithium battery group.
For achieving the above object; the invention provides following technical scheme: a kind of cell management system of electric automobile; it is characterized in that; described battery management system comprises microcontroller (MCU), the protection that is connected with described MCU and security evaluation module, the active equalization module be connected with described MCU, the thermal management module that is connected with described MCU, and described protection and security evaluation module are made up of protection module and measurement module.
Preferably, described protection module comprises Cross prevention module, over-charge protective module and short circuit protection module.
Preferably, described measurement module comprises temperature-measuring module, voltage measurement module and current measurement module.
Preferably, described MCU is also connected with communication module, described communication module comprises SPI communication module, CAN and serial communication modular.
Preferably, the balanced unit module that described active equalization module comprises balance processing module and is connected with described balance processing module, described each balanced unit module is connected with battery pack, and described balance processing module is also connected with charging module.
Preferably, described measurement module also comprises SOC computing module.
Preferably, the transmission rate of described communication module is 120-250kpbs.
Preferably, the power output of described communication module is 300-450mW.
Beneficial effect: the invention provides a kind of cell management system of electric automobile; it is characterized in that; described battery management system comprises microcontroller (MCU), the protection that is connected with described MCU and security evaluation module, the active equalization module be connected with described MCU, the thermal management module that is connected with described MCU, and described protection and security evaluation module are made up of protection module and measurement module.Wherein MCU is the core control portions of whole system, and protection and the protection of security evaluation module in charge whole system and the monitoring of data, thermal management module mainly ensures the consistency of battery core working stability, avoids different battery core working stability to have big difference.Described protection module comprises Cross prevention module, over-charge protective module and short circuit protection module, whole system can be protected to prevent battery cross and put, overcharge and the situation of short circuit, described measurement module comprises temperature-measuring module, voltage measurement module and current measurement module, can the temperature of Real-Time Monitoring battery, voltage and current, described MCU is also connected with communication module, described communication module comprises SPI communication module, CAN and serial communication modular, communication module function Main Function realizes battery status data display and optimum configurations, also comprise the transfer of data between slave computer and host computer.The balanced unit module that described active equalization module comprises balance processing module and is connected with described balance processing module, described each balanced unit module is connected with battery pack, described balance processing module is also connected with charging module, when battery charging, charging module regulates it to export total current, to adapt to battery pack demand to electric current under different state-of-charge.In active equalization charging, every batteries charging process is all in balanced unit monitoring and management.To reach, balanced unit, according to the charging current of the state-of-charge regulating cell of current monolithic battery, ensures that every batteries is all in identical charged state.BMS carries out SOC estimation according to single battery operating voltage, temperature and obtains SOC value of battery, and cell state-of-charge is the adjustment foundation of charging current.Its charging current is increased for the battery cell that SOC value is relatively low, equally, its charging current is reduced for the battery cell that SOC value is relatively high.Under active equalization control system is optimized, whole battery pack operating state consistency is better, thus improve the performance of battery pack, the intelligent management of high energy efficiency, large euqalizing current can be carried out to lithium-ion electric core in groups, solve the problem of the battery pack available capacity rapid decay that the Li-ion batteries piles that uses of electric automobile causes due to the inconsistency of the performance parameters such as battery core capacity, internal resistance, voltage platform and self-discharge rate, extend the useful life of lithium battery group.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is battery management system module figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is active equalization module map of the present invention.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shows the specific embodiment of the present invention: according to the functional requirement of BMS; BMS provided by the invention is primarily of microcontroller (MCU), the protection that is connected with described MCU and security evaluation module, the active equalization module be connected with described MCU, the thermal management module that is connected with described MCU, and described protection and security evaluation module are made up of protection module and measurement module.Wherein MCU is the core control portions of whole system, and active equalization module is made up of balancing chip LTC6803 and equalizing circuit, is the guarantee that battery realizes balance charge/discharge; Communication module comprises SPI communication, CAN communication and serial communication, and it mainly achieves the data communication between each functional module; Measurement module then achieves the measurement to electric current, voltage and temperature; Protection module then mainly realizes the protection to short circuit, overvoltage and overcurrent, and thermal management module mainly ensures the consistency of battery core working stability, avoids different battery core working stability to have big difference.
Measurement module is responsible for carrying out electric current, voltage, temperature survey to storage battery; and measurement result is transferred to microcontroller by communication module; protection module is connected with described measurement module simultaneously; when measurement module detect battery occur short circuit, overvoltage and overcurrent time, protection module can provide the protective effect to battery.The parameters of the real-time monitoring battery group of measurement module, carries out safety management, Timeliness coverage battery failure, finds out most difference battery.Judge mainly through following several mode: 1 single battery voltage judges to be divided into two parts: the normal working voltage scope of cell is that 10-16.5V exceeds this scope and will make corresponding prompting; Voltage difference between battery cell.If voltage difference will be pointed out more than 0.5V, and to name be that the magnitude of voltage of which monomer is made mistakes.2. electric current judges: discharging current is excessive, is all breakneck for battery pack and electric automobile.The size of discharging current is determined by load, and safe-discharge scope is then determined by battery pack safe-discharge electric current.During overcurrent, protection module can direct trigger relay, cuts off the connection of battery pack and automobile, to guarantee safety.3. temperature judges: the shell temperature mainly referring to cell here.The operating temperature range of different batteries is different.The working temperature of lead acid accumulator is-40 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C.The too low protection module of temperature can be driven in triggered alarm prompting
The person of sailing, battery now can not work.
Microcontroller is connected with active equalization module, the battery information collected from measurement module is transferred to active equalization module by microcontroller, the balanced unit module that described active equalization module comprises balance processing module and is connected with described balance processing module, described each balanced unit module is connected with battery pack, described balance processing module is also connected with charging module, when battery charging, charging module regulates it to export total current, to adapt to battery pack demand to electric current under different state-of-charge.In active equalization charging, every batteries charging process is all in balanced unit monitoring and management.To reach, balanced unit, according to the charging current of the state-of-charge regulating cell of current monolithic battery, ensures that every batteries is all in identical charged state.BMS carries out SOC estimation according to single battery operating voltage, temperature and obtains SOC value of battery, and cell state-of-charge is the adjustment foundation of charging current.Its charging current is increased for the battery cell that SOC value is relatively low, equally, its charging current is reduced for the battery cell that SOC value is relatively high.
According to the functional requirement of BMS, MCU systems soft ware mainly comprises: the modular subroutines such as main program, SOC algorithm, data acquisition, communication and man-machine interface.BMS Software for Design adopts C/C++ Programming with Pascal Language, follows the design principle of module independent.Call each submodule program realize concrete function according to BMS each state that works.The main merit of main program realizes the initialization of system and calling other submodule programs.Its main process flow steps called is as follows: the initialization of BMS.After system starts, main program first carries out initialization to it.System initialization achieves the setting of main control chip register, and the working method of the functional modules such as the interruption of setting chip, clock, AD conversion; If read the numerical value failure of SOC last time, then open circuit voltage method is adopted to obtain the initial value of SOC.On the basis of initial value obtaining SOC, the online value of parameter can be obtained according to least square method of recursion, and then adopt mixing estimation algorithm to realize the real-time estimation of SOC; Program enters major cycle state, realizes the detection to cell voltage, voltage, temperature, to judge and processes, and carry out diagnostic process in time to the appearance of fault to battery the need of equilibrium.
Above-described is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, and without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a cell management system of electric automobile; it is characterized in that; described battery management system comprises microcontroller (MCU), the protection that is connected with described MCU and security evaluation module, the active equalization module be connected with described MCU, the thermal management module that is connected with described MCU, and described protection and security evaluation module are made up of protection module and measurement module.
2. battery management system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described protection module comprises Cross prevention module, over-charge protective module and short circuit protection module.
3. battery management system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described measurement module comprises temperature-measuring module, voltage measurement module and current measurement module.
4. battery management system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described MCU is also connected with communication module, and described communication module comprises SPI communication module, CAN and serial communication modular.
5. battery management system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the balanced unit module that described active equalization module comprises balance processing module and is connected with described balance processing module, described each balanced unit module is connected with battery pack, and described balance processing module is also connected with charging module.
6. battery management system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described measurement module also comprises SOC computing module.
7. battery management system according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the transmission rate of described communication module is 120-250kpbs.
8. battery management system according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the power output of described communication module is 300-450mW.
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| CN201510726835.XA CN105305548A (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2015-11-02 | Electric automobile battery management system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108454461A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-28 | 三门峡速达交通节能科技股份有限公司 | Electron electric power for electric vehicle controls dynamical system assembly |
| CN109298346A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-02-01 | 浙江大学 | A kind of three electric system health status in-circuit diagnostic system of new-energy automobile and diagnostic method |
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| CN104852435A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-08-19 | 聊城大学 | Electric automobile serial lithium battery management system and a management method thereof |
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| CN101667665A (en) * | 2009-09-22 | 2010-03-10 | 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 | Battery management system capable of meeting fast switching sub-box charging mode |
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| CN104104137A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-10-15 | 山东大学 | Lithium iron phosphate power battery management system and management method |
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| CN108454461A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-28 | 三门峡速达交通节能科技股份有限公司 | Electron electric power for electric vehicle controls dynamical system assembly |
| CN109298346A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-02-01 | 浙江大学 | A kind of three electric system health status in-circuit diagnostic system of new-energy automobile and diagnostic method |
| CN109298346B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-10-01 | 浙江大学 | A kind of three electric system health status in-circuit diagnostic system of new-energy automobile and diagnostic method |
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