CN105284002B - 用于机动车辆的电池组 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的电池组 Download PDF

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CN105284002B
CN105284002B CN201480033043.8A CN201480033043A CN105284002B CN 105284002 B CN105284002 B CN 105284002B CN 201480033043 A CN201480033043 A CN 201480033043A CN 105284002 B CN105284002 B CN 105284002B
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hot channel
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D·沃尔泽
B·弗拉尼尔
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613Cooling or keeping cold
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
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    • F28D15/0275Arrangements for coupling heat-pipes together or with other structures, e.g. with base blocks; Heat pipe cores
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
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    • H01M10/62Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
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    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6551Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
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    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
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    • H01M10/6552Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
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    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555Rods or plates arranged between the cells
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    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
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    • H01M10/64Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
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    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
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    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电池组,所述电池组具有电池模块,所述电池模块具有一组电池单元和至少一个冷却装置,所述装置包括与至少一个电池单元的外表面接触的集热板、与所述集合管接触的热管道、以及热耗散元件,其特征在于,所述热耗散元件具有圆形孔口,所述热管道定位于所述圆形孔口张并包含流体,并且所述热耗散元件与所述热管道之间的紧固通过镀锡完成。本发明还涉及一种用于生产这种电池组的方法。

Description

用于机动车辆的电池组
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆、特别是用于机动车辆的电池组。更确切地说,本发明涉及包括多个电池模块并且在质量/效率/尺寸之间折衷(兼顾)以提高当前电池的性能的电池组。
背景技术
具有内燃发动机的机动车辆长久以来已经配备有电池,所述电池特别是用于允许启动车辆以及当发动机停止时给车辆提供必要的电能,以便维持诸如前灯、应急灯和机载电子器件的某些功能。
随着电动车辆和混合动力车辆的发展,电池的问题在汽车工业中已经变得显著。实际上,从现在起,电池必须提供足够的能量,以赋予车辆足够的自主性,同时具有不需要太频繁地更换电池的使用寿命。另外,与其效率相比,必须限制电池的质量和尺寸。最后,有用的是,无论温度、湿度等条件如何,电池可以在车辆的所有行驶条件下正确地运行。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种在质量/效率/尺寸之间折衷并且旨在提高当前电池的性能的电池组,所述电池组还在冷却和密封(紧密)性方面具有有利特征。
因此,本发明涉及一种具有电池模块的电池组,所述电池模块具有一组电池单元和至少一个冷却装置。冷却装置包括与至少一个电池单元的外表面接触的集热板、与集热板接触的热管道、以及热耗散元件。热耗散元件具有圆形孔口,所述热管道定位于所述圆形孔口中并包含(容纳)流体。该电池组的特征在于,耗散元件与热管道之间的连接通过镀锡(包锡)建立。类似地,集热板也通过镀锡固定。在优选实施例中,容纳在热管道中的流体处于确定的绝对压力下。
冷却装置的原理如下:每个热管道(也被称为热导管)包含(容纳)有在电池运行期间在散发的热量的作用下在电池单元处蒸发的流体。该流体于是在热导管中循环流动,直到耗散元件启动,即,直到耗散装置的最靠近电池单元的入口。当流体处于热管道定位在耗散元件中的那部分中时,在该耗散元件中循环流动的大气使得能够冷却流体,直到所述流体返回到液相并且落回至电池单元。
因此,为了热导管的正确运行,流体在返回到液相之后转移直至待冷却的元件是必要的。如果电池模块处于竖直位置,则重力允许该转移,因为处于液相的流体比处于气相的流体重。结果,对于电池在除了竖直位置以外的位置的运行,所述运行被阻碍,因为重力不再沿平行于热导管的定向的方向作用,并且因此不再允许流体被有效地转移。为了弥补这一点,可以想到许多方案。因此,在优选实施例中,热(导)管在其内表面上沿纵向方向开设沟槽,以便增强流体的转移。在另一结构中,有用的是,在热导管内部安装能够通过毛细管作用使流体转移的构件(例如,格栅)。
使用镀锡方法在耗散元件与热导管之间以及在集热板处建立连接使得可以减小热阻并且因此提高冷却装置的性能。
本文中使用的术语“电池单元”等同于术语“蓄电池”或者“电池元件”。在一个实例中,电池单元是圆柱形的。然而,根据本发明的电池组可以使用任何形状和任何功率的电池单元。
在有利实施例中,热耗散元件包括在无接触的情况下彼此上下叠置(一个设置在另一个上面)的一组翅片(散热片),所述翅片中的每一个具有其中定位热管道的圆形孔口。在相对于电池单元的纵向方向上形成叠层。热耗散元件的翅片有利地具有梯形形状。这些翅片例如由铝制成,然而,它们也可由铜或者不同的金属材料制成。
在另一有利实施例中,电池组包括至少两个电池模块和围绕该组(成组)模块的电池单元的气密外壳。有用的是,热耗散元件位于气密外壳的外部,因为否则的话冷却是不可能的,由于外壳内部的温度将保持相对高。然而,如果期望使用盖子来包封组件,则有用的是,在该盖子中设置相当大或很多的进气口。
本发明还涉及一种用于生产电池组的方法,所述电池组包括具有一组电池单元和至少一个冷却装置的电池模块,所述装置包括与至少一个电池单元的外表面接触的集热板、与集热板接触的热管道和热耗散元件,所述热耗散元件具有预定用于容纳包含流体的热管道的圆形孔口,所述方法具有以下步骤:
-利用铜层覆盖热耗散元件,
-将热管道插入耗散元件中的孔口内,
-围绕热管道将锡环定位于耗散元件上,
-将上述组件放置到加热装置中。
在有利实施例中,所述方法包括在插入热管道的步骤之前通过锡层覆盖热耗散元件和热管道的步骤。
附图说明
本发明进一步的目标和优点从由附图所图解的优选但非限制性实施例的以下说明中变得清楚,其中:
·图1显示了根据本发明的电池组的模块,
·图2显示了在本发明意义上的耗散元件的翅片的细节,
·图3a和3b显示了根据本发明的电池组。
具体实施方式
图1显示了根据本发明的电池组的模块。所述模块包括以(每排)六个单元的两个平行排设置的十二个圆柱形的电池单元1。应当指出,可以使用不同形状的电池单元,例如,八边形截面的电池单元。集热板2位于这些单元之间。该板与每个电池单元1的外表面的一部分接触。所述板有利地在其整个长度上与电池单元接触。实际上,接触面的增加使得可以增强电池单元散发的热量的扩散,并且因此增大冷却装置的效率。
在该附图中所示的实施例中,集热板1由两块板形成,所述两块板被连接以形成单一元件,以便在所述两块板之间形成允许插入热管道(也被称为热导管)3的空间。在另一实例(未显示)中,对于每个热管道3使用一个集热板,从而对于每排单元形成六个集热板。
电池组还包括耗散元件4,所述耗散元件4包括一组翅片(散热片)5,所述一组翅片彼此上下叠置(一个堆叠在另一个上面)并且被隔开,以在两个翅片之间提供空气通道。这些翅片各自被钻设有若干(多个)孔口,所述孔口彼此对齐,从而使得可将每个热管道3定位于热耗散元件中。
在一个示例性实施例中,翅片5由铝制成,热导管或者热管道3由铜制成,并且集热板2由铝制成。在另一实例中,可由铜生产全部所述元件,其使得可提高装置的效率。然而,铜是一种更昂贵且比铝重的材料。
翅片5(也被称为叶片)的数量例如为二十片。该选择是折衷效率/重量/尺寸的结果。实际上,如果翅片的数量太大,则定位在叠层(堆垛)顶部处的翅片将是无用的,因为存在于热管道中的所有液体在到达所述翅片之前已经蒸发掉。应当指出,本文中的术语“叠层的顶部”是指位于距离电池单元最远处的翅片。反之,如果翅片的数量太小,则这将加速饱和,其将使得不可能完全地冷凝并且因此降低装置的效率。
在优选实施例中,通过镀锡或包锡(tinning)方法建立翅片5与热管3之间的连接,这将参照图2描述。在第一步中,使铜管3覆盖例如具有五微米的厚度的锡层。使铝翅片5(图2中示出了其中之一)覆盖例如具有十微米的厚度的铜层,然后覆盖例如具有五微米的厚度的锡层。应当指出,利用锡覆盖管3和翅片5的步骤不是绝对必要的。
在第二步中,将热管3(图3中未示出)插入形成于翅片5的厚度中的孔口6之一中。在第三步中,然后围绕热管3定位锡环7。该最后一个步骤由将组件放置到诸如炉子的加热装置中以便如此实施镀锡(包锡)组成。该生产方法使得可提供一种与已知装置相比显著地提高了热传导的装置。因此,由于使用了由铜制成的热导管和由铝制成的翅片,根据本发明的热耗散元件就热效率而言提供了良好性能而同时减小了组件的重量。
在优选的示例性实施例中,形成耗散元件的翅片5具有梯形形状,以使新鲜空气可在不同的热管道3上更好地分布。实际上,在进入点10(参见图3)处进入的空气在到达距离该进入点最远的热管道之前沿纵向方向通过整个翅片。空气通过与在其路径上所遇到的第一热管道3接触变热并且因此允许当其到达最后的热管道时较少的有效冷却。
为了弥补这一点,使用梯形形状,以使得在进入点11处进入翅片的空气在没有被再加热的情况下直接穿过翅片位于电池组后部(术语“前部”和“后部”在此被理解为沿空气行进的方向)的部分,因为其没有与任何热管道接触。因此,改善了不同电池单元之间的温度的均一性。
另外,在一有利结构中,根据本发明的电池组包括诸如图1中所示的多个电池模块。因此,例如在图3a和3b中,并排地定位六个电池模块,以便形成电池组20。应当指出,图3a显示了图3b中所示的电池组的分解图。所述电池组包括由顶部设有形成系统板的盖子25的外壳21,所述外壳21围绕(包围)电池单元,以便使组件气密(不透气)。因此,电池单元被直接连接至该系统板,其使得可排除电线接头(接线连接)并且因此减小了装置的尺寸。
另外,外壳的密封性(紧密性)使得电池能够用于极端条件下,特别是当其用于机动车辆中时。另外,电池组20包括允许电池在车辆或者使用所述电池的任何其他装置中连接的电连接器24。所述连接器被选择,以便不改变组件的密封性。
热耗散元件于是被设置在该外壳21上方,并且通过机械支撑件(支座)22固定。通过诸如螺钉的固定构件实现该固定,通过形成在翅片的纵向侧上的半圆形状的切口23(也参见图2)使得可实现该安装方式。热耗散元件在气密外壳外部的定位不会产生任何问题,因为在这些元件中不存在流体循环流动。实际上,用来传送卡路里的流体被封装在热管道中。例如,通过焊接封闭所述热管道,其使得可避免使用扁平或者O形环型密封件,以确保密封性。因此,所述装置使得可避免泄漏并且因此不会不利地影响使用根据本发明的电池组的设备的安全性。
另外,在一示例性结构中,附加的盖子26被用于围绕(包围)热耗散元件。该盖子26包括使得可允许大气在耗散元件的翅片5之间穿过的进气口27。
因此,本发明提出了一种设有使得可均匀地冷却电池单元的构件的气密且紧凑的电池组。

Claims (9)

1.电池组,其具有电池模块,所述电池模块具有一组电池单元和至少一个冷却装置,所述装置包括与至少一个电池单元的外表面接触的集热板、与所述集热板接触的热管道、以及热耗散元件,其特征在于,所述热耗散元件具有圆形孔口,所述热管道定位于所述圆形孔口中并包含流体,并且所述热耗散元件与所述热管道之间的连接通过镀锡建立。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述热耗散元件包括在无接触的情况下彼此上下叠置的一组翅片,这些翅片中的每一个具有其中定位所述热管道的圆形孔口。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述热耗散元件的翅片具有梯形形状。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述热管道在其内表面上具有纵向定向的沟槽。
5.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述热管道设有能够通过毛细管作用转移所述流体的构件。
6.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的电池组,其特征在于,包括至少两个电池模块和围绕该组模块的电池单元的气密外壳。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电池组,其特征在于,所述热耗散元件位于所述气密外壳的外部。
8.用于生产电池组的方法,所述电池组包括电池模块,所述电池模块具有一组电池单元和至少一个冷却装置,所述装置包括与至少一个电池单元的外表面接触的集热板、与所述集热板接触的热管道、以及热耗散元件,所述热耗散元件具有预定用于容纳包含流体的所述热管道的圆形孔口,所述方法具有以下步骤:
-利用铜层覆盖所述热耗散元件,
-将所述热管道插入所述耗散元件中的孔口内,
-围绕所述热管道将锡环定位于所述耗散元件上,
-将上述组件放置到加热装置中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,包括在插入所述热管道之前利用锡层覆盖所述热管道和所述耗散元件的步骤。
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