CN105276172B - 双油底壳变速器液压控制系统 - Google Patents

双油底壳变速器液压控制系统 Download PDF

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CN105276172B
CN105276172B CN201510316594.1A CN201510316594A CN105276172B CN 105276172 B CN105276172 B CN 105276172B CN 201510316594 A CN201510316594 A CN 201510316594A CN 105276172 B CN105276172 B CN 105276172B
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oil sump
fluid
valve
slide valve
port
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CN105276172A (zh
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德瑞克·肯驰
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/0021Generation or control of line pressure
    • F16H61/0025Supply of control fluid; Pumps therefore
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/065Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members
    • F16K11/07Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members with cylindrical slides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/38Control of exclusively fluid gearing
    • F16H61/40Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
    • F16H61/4008Control of circuit pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0409Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating characterised by the problem to increase efficiency, e.g. by reducing splash losses
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0434Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating relating to lubrication supply, e.g. pumps ; Pressure control
    • F16H57/0446Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating relating to lubrication supply, e.g. pumps ; Pressure control the supply forming part of the transmission control unit, e.g. for automatic transmissions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0447Control of lubricant levels, e.g. lubricant level control dependent on temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/045Lubricant storage reservoirs, e.g. reservoirs in addition to a gear sump for collecting lubricant in the upper part of a gear case
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0456Lubrication by injection; Injection nozzles or tubes therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/38Control of exclusively fluid gearing
    • F16H61/40Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
    • F16H61/4008Control of circuit pressure
    • F16H61/4017Control of high pressure, e.g. avoiding excess pressure by a relief valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/065Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/002Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by temperature variation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01MLUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/0004Oilsumps
    • F01M2011/0037Oilsumps with different oil compartments
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01MLUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/0004Oilsumps
    • F01M2011/0037Oilsumps with different oil compartments
    • F01M2011/0045Oilsumps with different oil compartments for controlling the oil temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/0021Generation or control of line pressure
    • F16H2061/0037Generation or control of line pressure characterised by controlled fluid supply to lubrication circuits of the gearing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00Control of temperature
    • G05D23/01Control of temperature without auxiliary power
    • G05D23/02Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00Control of temperature
    • G05D23/01Control of temperature without auxiliary power
    • G05D23/02Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature
    • G05D23/021Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature the sensing element being a non-metallic solid, e.g. elastomer, paste
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00Control of temperature
    • G05D23/01Control of temperature without auxiliary power
    • G05D23/02Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature
    • G05D23/021Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature the sensing element being a non-metallic solid, e.g. elastomer, paste
    • G05D23/022Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature the sensing element being a non-metallic solid, e.g. elastomer, paste the sensing element being placed within a regulating fluid flow
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/86493Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86879Reciprocating valve unit
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20012Multiple controlled elements
    • Y10T74/20018Transmission control
    • Y10T74/20024Fluid actuator

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种双油底壳变速器液压控制系统。液压控制系统包括主油底壳和副油底壳。当变速器流体是热的时,流体保留在副油底壳中,以减小在整个变速器的回路中的油的容积,从而降低寄生损耗。油控制阀被设计为:当流体是热的时阻止从副油底壳到主油底壳的油的流动,而当流体是冷的时允许从副油底壳到主油底壳的油的流动。油控制阀还对变速器管路压力作出响应。在中等温度下,当发动机运转时流体被保持在副油底壳中,而当发动机关闭时流体排放回主油底壳。

Description

双油底壳变速器液压控制系统
技术领域
本公开涉及汽车变速器液压控制系统的领域。更具体地,本公开涉及一种具有辅助油底壳的液压控制系统。
背景技术
许多汽车变速器利用压力润滑。泵从油底壳汲取流体并迫使流体流过变速箱组件中的润滑通道。润滑通道被周密地设计为确保流体到达需要润滑的所有部件。然后,流体通过重力和由旋转的组件产生的离心力的组合而从变速箱组件排出。最终,流体流回到位于变速器壳体中的最低点的油底壳中。必须存在足够量的流体以确保油底壳不会变空。因为在冷的时候流体具有较高的黏度并因此耗费较长的时间流回到油底壳,所以所需要的量通常由冷的操作条件决定。
如果油底壳中的流体液面较高,则变速箱的一些旋转组件会延伸到流体中。当出现这一情况时,流体对抗组件的运动。发动机必须产生额外的扭矩来克服额外的寄生阻力(parasitic drag),这增大燃料消耗。此外,当旋转组件运动经过流体时会搅拌流体,这可导致在油中形成小气泡。这些气泡使流体低效。因为流体快速流回到油底壳(一小部分流体在输送途中),所以在较高温度下最可能出现过高的流体液面。
发明内容
变速器液压控制系统包括主油底壳、副油底壳和油控制阀。当流体温度超过阈值时,油控制阀被动地限制从副油底壳到主油底壳的流动。阈值根据发动机是否运转而改变。过量的流体可排放到副油底壳。发动机驱动泵从主油底壳汲取流体并将流体增压至一定的管路压力。油控制阀可利用管路压力作为发动机是否运转的指示。
油控制阀包括壳体、第一滑动滑阀和第二滑动滑阀。壳体限定四个端口,其中,一个连接至管路压力回路,一个连接至副油底壳,一个连接至主油底壳。蜡马达将两个滑阀分开一定距离,所述一定距离取决于第四端口中的流体的温度。第一滑阀的位置通过使第一滑阀朝向第二滑阀偏置的管路压力确定。当管路压力在阈值之上时,第一滑阀可运动为压抵壳体的肩部。可通过使第二滑阀的直径比第一滑阀的直径小而产生肩部。第二滑阀通过弹簧偏置。第二滑阀被构造为在特定位置允许副油底壳与主油底壳之间的流动,而在其它位置阻塞副油底壳与主油底壳之间的流动。
根据本发明,提供了一种油控制阀。所述油控制阀包括:壳体,限定第一端口、第二端口、第三端口和第四端口;第一滑阀,被支撑为响应于第一端口中的压力而在壳体内滑动;第二滑阀,被支撑为通过弹簧在壳体内滑动并朝向第一滑阀偏置,第二滑阀被构造为在接近第一滑阀的第一位置允许第二端口与第三端口之间的流动而在远离第一滑阀的第二位置阻塞第二端口与第三端口之间的流动;蜡马达,被构造为将第一滑阀与第二滑阀分开一定距离,所述一定距离是第四端口中的流体的温度的函数。
根据本发明的一个实施例,壳体被构造为限制第一滑阀朝向第二滑阀运动。
根据本发明的一个实施例,第二端口由第一封油面和第二封油面限定,第一封油面和第二封油面的直径大致等于第二滑阀的外径,从而当第二滑阀接触第一封油面和第二封油面两者时第二端口被阻塞。
根据本发明的一个实施例,第三端口由第二封油面和第三封油面限定,其中,第二滑阀的环形区的直径小于所述第二滑阀的外径,以在所述环形区与第二封油面重叠时流体地连接第二端口和第三端口。
根据本发明的一个实施例,第三封油面的直径大致等于所述第二滑阀的外径。
根据本发明的一个实施例,第一滑阀的外径大于第二滑阀的外径。
根据本发明,提供了一种阀,包括:第一滑动滑阀和第二滑动滑阀,第一滑阀按第一端口中的压力朝向第二滑阀偏置,第二滑阀通过弹簧朝向第一滑阀偏置,第二滑阀被构造为基于轴向位置可选地阻塞第二端口或将第二端口流体地连接至第三端口;蜡马达,热连接至第四端口,将第一滑阀与第二滑阀分开。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述阀还包括被构造为限制第一滑阀朝向第二滑阀运动的壳体。
根据本发明的一个实施例,第一滑阀的外径大于第二滑阀的外径。
附图说明
图1是变速器液压网络的示意代表。
图2是在流体较冷且发动机关闭时的油控制阀的截面视图。
图3是在流体较冷且发动机开启时的油控制阀的截面视图。
图4是当流体处于中等温度且发动机开启时的油控制阀的截面视图。
图5是当流体处于中等温度且发动机关闭时的油控制阀的截面视图。
图6是当流体处于正常运转温度且发动机关闭时的油控制阀的截面视图。
图7是当流体处于正常运转温度且发动机开启时的油控制阀的截面视图。
具体实施方式
在此描述了本公开的实施例。然而,应理解,所公开的实施例仅为示例,其它实施例可以采用多种和替代形式。附图不一定按比例绘制;可夸大或最小化一些特征以显示特定部件的细节。因此,在此所公开的具体结构和功能细节不应解释为限制,而仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式应用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域的普通技术人员将理解的,参考任一附图说明和描述的多个特征可与一个或更多个其它附图中说明的特征组合以产生未明确说明或描述的实施例。说明的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而,与本公开的教导一致的特征的多种组合和变型可以期望用于特定应用或实施方式。
在图1中示意地示出了变速器液压控制系统。加粗线表示机械动力流。实线表示液压流体流。一条实线可表示多个流体回路。虚线表示控制信号。由发动机10提供的动力驱动变矩器12的泵轮。每当泵轮比涡轮旋转得快时,变矩器12就将扭矩从泵轮传递到涡轮。这在车辆必须从静止状态加速时是有益的。为了传递扭矩,变矩器12必须填充有流体。变矩器12还可包括旁通离合器,当旁通离合器接合时,动力从泵轮传递到涡轮而不需要转速差。可通过提供增压的流体而接合旁通离合器。用于这些功能的流体由阀体14经由流体回路16提供。变矩器12的涡轮固定至变速箱(gearbox)18的输入轴。变速箱18基于当前行驶状况建立多个传动比。在低车速和高扭矩需求的情况下,变速箱18使扭矩倍增并降低转速。针对巡航,变速箱18使转速倍增,从而发动机能在低速下(安静且高效)运转。可通过经由流体回路20向离合器的子组件提供增压的流体而建立变速箱传动比。流体可沿着通向回路16和20的任一方向流动。此外,流体以相对低的压力通过润滑回路22流向变速箱18,然后流回到主油底壳24。流体回流路径26表示变速器壳体的内部。主油底壳24位于壳体中的最低点,从而重力使得流体流回到该油底壳。
由泵28提供增压的流体,泵28从主油底壳24汲取流体并经由管路压力回路30将流体输送到阀体14。对流体进行增压所需要的动力来自发动机10。每当管路压力回路30中的压力超过期望值时,调节阀32经由回路36将一些流体转移流向副油底壳34,以释放过量的压力。阀体还可经由回路38向副油底壳34排放过量的流体。副油底壳34的位置比主油底壳24的位置高,并且其位置使得齿轮箱18的旋转组件不运动经过可能位于副油底壳34中的任何流体。将流体储存在副油底壳34降低了主油底壳24中的流体体积。理想地,副油底壳34中的中的流体体积被管理为使得足够的流体保留在主油底壳24中,但是主油底壳24中的流体液面比最低的旋转组件低。为了增大主油底壳24中的油的体积,油控制阀40打开,以允许流过回路42和44。为了减小主油底壳24中的油的体积,油控制阀40关闭,使得通过泵28被泵送出主油底壳24的流体积聚在副油底壳34中。当副油底壳34中的流体体积超过油底壳容量时,流体溢出并经由壳体流回主油底壳24。
油控制阀(与其它类型的阀类似)可被动地控制或主动地控制。当使用主动控制的阀时,控制器必须基于传感器确定阀的适当的状态,然后相应地命令阀打开或关闭。例如,主动控制的阀可由螺线管致动,螺线管响应于由控制器调节的电流而施力。除了螺线管自身的成本以外,主动控制也增大成本,这是因为控制器必须包括用于调节电流的驱动电路。另一方面,在没有来自控制器的命令的情况下,被动控制的阀从打开状态向关闭状态改变以及从关闭状态向打开状态改变。
油控制阀40的状态取决于温度控制信号46和发动机运转控制信号48。温度控制信号46指示流体的代表性温度。在图1中,通过布线回路36通向油控制阀40而执行温度控制信号46。可出于这个目的选择其它回路,只要该回路中的流体的温度是代表性的即可。出于这个目的,在流体改变温度时被隔离的回路是较不适宜的。另外,有些时候可能是排空的回路应该被避免。通过将油控制阀40暴露于管路压力回路30而执行发动机运转控制信号48。当发动机不运行时,泵不旋转且回路30中的压力迅速降低为接近零。当发动机运行时,回路30中的压力在最小管路压力阈值之上。
图2示出在发动机不运行且变速器流体是冷的时油控制阀40的截面。阀孔60限定由多个封油面(land)72、74、76、78和80隔开的多个端口(port)62、64、66、68和70。滑阀(spool)82在封油面76、78和80之间轴向地滑动。滑阀82的直径在中央部比接近端部小。弹簧84向左推挤滑阀82。蜡马达86插入滑阀82中。销88从蜡马达86显露取决于蜡的相变的距离。当蜡处于固体状态时,如图2所示,销88伸出一小段距离。当蜡被加热时,它变化成液体状态并使销88推出较大的距离。滑阀90在封油面74下面轴向地滑动,其中,滑阀90的直径比滑阀82的直径大。塞子(plug)92插入在封油面72下面并由板94保持在一定位置。
端口62连接到提供发动机运转控制信号48的管路压力回路30。因为不管液压回路是否具有油控制阀都将产生该信号,所以不需要额外的螺线管。如图2所示,发动机关闭,因此该回路不被增压。因而,销88向左推挤滑阀90压抵塞子92。端口64和70都连接到提供温度控制信号46的调节阀压力释放回路36。热传递出现在流体与蜡马达86之间使得蜡的温度紧密地跟随流体的温度变化。因为这个回路作用于滑阀82的两端且所述两端具有几乎相同的面积,所以所施加的净力是可以忽略的。端口66经由回路42连接到副油底壳34,端口68经由回路44连接到主油底壳24。在图2中示出的位置中,在封油面78下,滑阀82的减小直径的截面是居中的,以提供从端口66到端口68的流动通道。重力迫使流体从副油底壳34通过油控制阀40流向主油底壳24。
图3示出当发动机运行且变速器流体是冷的时的油控制阀40的截面。当发动机开启时,管路压力迫使滑阀90向右运动。滑阀90迫使滑阀82向右运动以压缩弹簧84。当滑阀90碰到肩部(shoulder)96时向右运动停止。在图3中示出的位置,流体仍可从从端口66流向端口68以允许从副油底壳34向主油底壳24排放。因为油仍然是冷的,所以这使全部体积的油可用,以确保即使油缓慢地从变速箱18排回的情况下也有足够的油。
图4和图5分别示出在发动机开启时和在发动机关闭时在中等温度下的油控制阀40。在这个温度下,当发动机开启时流动被阻塞(如图4所示),当发动机关闭时流动被允许(如图5所示)。在变速器的最终测试期间期望这种运转状态。在装配变速器之后,变速器放置在测试支架上,测试支架执行各种测试以确保所有的特征适当地运转。例如,测试支架将命令各个档位,以确保传动比如所命令的变化。为了适当地测试油控制阀运转过程,大多数测试持续足够的时间以充分地加热流体,使得油开始在副油底壳中蓄积。如果出现这种情况的温度太高,则最终测试需要较长时间。在测试之后,可期望证明油液面是适当的。油控制阀40使所有的油立即排回到主油底壳以遵循最终测试。如果油控制阀未对发动机运转信号作出反应,则在检验主油底壳中的油液面之前将需要等待油变凉。
图6和图7分别示出当发动机关闭时和发动机开启时在正常运转温度下的油控制阀40。在该温度下,流动被阻塞不依赖于发动机是否运转。因为一些车辆被配置为通过在等待交通灯的同时停止发动机且在驾驶员释放制动踏板时使发动机自动地重新启动而降低燃料消耗量,所以可期望这种运转状态。如果在发动机关闭时流体从副油底壳排放到主油底壳,则在发动机重新启动时变速器寄生阻力将更高。
虽然上面描述了示例性实施例,但是并不意味着这些实施例描述了权利要求所包含的所有可能的形式。在说明书中使用的词语是描述性的词语而不是限制性的词语,并且应该理解的是,在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下,可以进行各种改变。如前面所描述的,可以对各个实施例的特征进行组合以形成本发明的可能未被明确描述或说明的进一步实施例。虽然关于一个或更多个期望的特性,各个实施例已经被描述为提供优点或优于其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式,但是本领域的普通技术人员意识到,根据具体应用和实施方式,可以折衷一个或更多个特点或特性,以实现期望的整体系统属性。这些属性可包括但不限于成本、强度、耐用性、生命周期成本、可销售性、外观、包装、尺寸、可维护性、重量、可制造性、易组装性等。这样,关于一个或更多个特性,被描述为不如其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式合意的实施例不在本公开的范围之外,并且可以期望用于特定的应用。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于变速器的液压控制系统,包括:
主油底壳;
副油底壳;
具有蜡马达的油控制阀,被构造为响应于流体的温度超过温度阈值而被动限制流体从副油底壳流向主油底壳以防止变速器的旋转组件延伸到主油底壳内的流体中,
泵,由发动机驱动并被构造为从主油底壳汲取流体并按一定管路压力向阀体提供流体,其中,油控制阀基于管路压力而感测发动机是否运转,并且基于发动机是否运转来控制油控制阀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于变速器的液压控制系统,其中,副油底壳和主油底壳被布置为:当流体不被油控制阀限制时,使得重力使流体从副油底壳流向主油底壳。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于变速器的液压控制系统,其中,阀体被构造为将流体排放到副油底壳。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于变速器的液压控制系统,其中,阀体被构造为向变速箱提供润滑流体,变速箱相对于主油底壳布置为使得重力使润滑流体从变速箱流回到主油底壳中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于变速器的液压控制系统,其中,阀体被构造为向多个离合器的各个子组件提供增压的流体,以建立多个变速箱传动比。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于变速器的液压控制系统,还包括调节阀,所述调节阀被构造为将流体从泵的出口转移到副油底壳以限制管路压力。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于变速器的液压控制系统,其中,油控制阀包括:
壳体,限定连接至管路压力回路的第一端口、连接至副油底壳的第二端口、连接至主油底壳的第三端口以及第四端口;
第一滑阀,被支撑为响应于管路压力而在壳体内滑动;
第二滑阀,被支撑为通过弹簧在壳体内滑动并朝向第一滑阀偏置,第二滑阀被构造为在接近第一滑阀的第一位置允许第二端口与第三端口之间的流动并在远离第一滑阀的第二位置阻塞第二端口与第三端口之间的流动;
所述蜡马达,被构造为将第一滑阀与第二滑阀分开一定距离,所述一定距离是第四端口中的流体的温度的函数。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于变速器的液压控制系统,其中,壳体被构造为限制第一滑阀朝向第二滑阀的运动。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于变速器的液压控制系统,其中,第一滑阀的直径比第二滑阀的外径大。
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