CN105260622A - Method of calculating photovoltaic power station array spacing based on ArcGIS and aspect value - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to calculation of photovoltaic power station array spacing and provides a method of calculating photovoltaic power station array spacing based on ArcGIS and an aspect value. Firstly, a system performs region division on a topographic map of a site on which a photovoltaic power station is to be constructed through ArcGIS; secondly, the system acquires an included angle between the slope of each region and a horizontal plane and records the included angle as a slope value alpha; the system acquires a clockwise included angle between the position of the slope and a due south direction and records the included angle as an aspect value gamma; the system calculates a solar elevation angle theta and a solar azimuth angle delta of each region; then the system determines the longitudinal length of an array and records the length as array height L, and an included angle between an inclined surface of a photovoltaic array and the horizontal plane is recorded as an array inclination angle beta; then the system calculates photovoltaic array spacing D according to the parameters by adopting a calculation formula as shown in the accompanying drawing; finally, the system obtains spacing between photovoltaic power stations to be constructed in each region according to the photovoltaic array spacing D of each region. The method is applicable to calculation of photovoltaic power station array spacing based on the aspect value.

Description

Based on the computing method of the photovoltaic power station array spacing of arcgis and slope aspect value

Technical field

The present invention relates to photovoltaic power station array distance computation, particularly based on the photovoltaic power station array distance computation method of slope aspect value.

Background technology

At present, mountain region photovoltaic power station array distance computation is to survey based on topomap, and topomap is manually divided into Dong Po, Xi Po, Nan Po, north slope four regions, region, four, the four corners of the world calculates the spacing of photovoltaic array according to different formula.

Subdued topography photovoltaic plant distance computation studies the earliest, simultaneously also proven technique the most, and in design of photovoltaic power station specification, the computing formula of subdued topography photovoltaic power station array spacing is::

$D=(Lcos\left(\mathrm{\β}\right)+Lsin\left(\mathrm{\β}\right)\frac{0.707\tan \mathrm{\τ}+0.4338}{0.707-0.4338\tan \mathrm{\τ}})$

In formula: L is array tilt face length degree; D is the spacing of two row array row; β is array inclination angle; τ is local latitude;

Along with the Devoting Major Efforts To Developing of mountain region photovoltaic plant, increasing expert puts into the research of domatic photovoltaic array distance computation, focuses mostly on to calculate at the array pitch of southern slope photovoltaic plant, adds " gradient " in above-mentioned computing formula.The array pitch that only a few article have studied north slope or thing slope photovoltaic plant calculates.Such as:

Zhang Chaohui etc., propose slope, north and south photovoltaic power station array spacing, wherein,

D＝Lcosβ+d

d＝rcosrs

r＝Htan(90°－αs)

H＝Lsinβ+Dtanθ

D is the spacing of two row array row, the i.e. minimum spacing of front two rows array, is exactly that front two rows array is in the minimum north and south spacing that surface level projects; D is the minimum clear spacing of front two rows array, and namely front two rows array is in the minimum north and south clear spacing that surface level projects; L is for being array tilt face length degree, and namely array is in the length of longitudinal direction; β is array inclination angle, the angle namely between photovoltaic array inclined-plane and surface level; R is the length of shadow in rear row array row minimum point place plane projection of front-seat array; Rs is solar azimuth, namely sunray project on ground level and on ground level Due South to the angle between line, its represent the horizontal projection of sunray depart from Due South to angle, get Due South to being starting point (namely 0 °), westwards (clockwise direction) is just, is eastwards negative; H is the difference in height of front-seat array peak and rear row array row minimum point; α s is sun altitude, i.e. sunray and its angle on ground level between projection line, and its represents that sun exceeds the angle of surface level; θ is domatic inclination angle, the angle namely between domatic and surface level.

Again such as: girth friend etc. proposes north slope photovoltaic power station array distance computation formula and is:

D＝(lsinθ+ilcosθ)R/(1–iR)

The photovoltaic power station array distance computation formula of oblique north slope smooth location is:

D=(lsin θ+ilcos θ) cos (β – β 0) in/tan α/[1 – icos (β – β 0)/tan α] formula, D is array pitch, l is photovoltaic module dip plane length, θ is assembly inclination angle, i is the gradient, α is sun altitude, and β is solar azimuth, and β 0 is buildings position angle.

The array pitch that these computing method all rest on for a certain slope aspect calculates, as: due south, Zheng Bei, due east, positive west etc., and the computing formula of different slope is all not identical.The present invention, by introducing the concept of " slope aspect value ", derives the formula being applicable to various slope aspect photovoltaic array distance computation, has versatility; Meanwhile, the many employings of photovoltaic plant Region dividing are manual, inefficiency and zoning exists many unreasonable parts.Use arcgis software to carry out Region dividing according to the gradient and slope aspect to photovoltaic plant site, the input gradient that can be quantitative and slope aspect scope, be divided into multiple region by site, and Region dividing is accurate and efficiency is very high.

Summary of the invention

Technical matters to be solved by this invention, is just to provide a kind of computing method of the photovoltaic plant building interval based on arcgis and slope aspect value to realize the effect of the reasonable distance calculated fast and accurately between photovoltaic plant.

The present invention solve the technical problem, and the technical scheme of employing is, based on the computing method of the photovoltaic power station array spacing of arcgis and slope aspect value, comprises the following steps:

Step 1, system carry out Region dividing by arcgis to photovoltaic plant site yet to be built topomap;

Step 2, system obtain the angle between each regional slope and surface level, count value of slope α; Obtain the clockwise angle between gradient position and orientation, due south, count slope aspect value γ; Calculate sun altitude θ and the solar azimuth δ in each region;

Step 3, system determination array are in the length of longitudinal direction, and count array heights L, the angle between photovoltaic array inclined-plane and surface level counts array angle of inclination beta;

Step 4, system calculate photovoltaic array space D according to above-mentioned parameter, and computing formula is as follows:

$D=\frac{Lcos\mathrm{\β}+Lsin\mathrm{\β}\cot \mathrm{\θ}cos(\mathrm{\δ}-\mathrm{\γ})}{1+\tan \mathrm{\α}\cot \mathrm{\θ}cos(\mathrm{\δ}-\mathrm{\γ})};$

Step 5, system, according to the photovoltaic array space D in each region, obtain the spacing between photovoltaic plant yet to be built in each region.

Concrete, in described step 1, topomap according to every 30 degree of sectors, is divided into 12 regions according to slope aspect value by system.

Concrete, in described step 2, system obtains the maximum angle α in each region between the gradient and surface level _maxand minimum angle α _min, then value of slope system obtains the maximum angle γ between gradient position and orientation, place _maxand minimum angle γ _min, then slope aspect value

Concrete, in described step 2, if slope aspect is due south or direct north, namely γ=0 ° or 180 ° time, then the sun altitude θ of 9:00 and 15:00 and solar azimuth δ is the same, calculates sun altitude θ and the solar azimuth δ of 9:00 or 15:00;

If 0 ° of < γ <180 °, then should calculate sun altitude θ and the solar azimuth δ of winter solstice 15:00;

If 180 ° of < γ <60 °, then should calculate sun altitude θ and the solar azimuth δ of winter solstice 9:00.

Concrete, in described step 4, further comprising the steps of:

Step 41, system, according to array heights L and array angle of inclination beta, calculate domatic normal projection ae in the horizontal plane, described ae=Lcos β; Solar rays projection ce is in the horizontal plane calculated, described ce=hcot θ cos (δ-γ) according to discrepancy in elevation h, sun altitude θ, slope aspect value γ and solar azimuth δ;

Step 42, system calculate photovoltaic array space D according to domatic normal projection ae in the horizontal plane and solar rays projection ce in the horizontal plane, and computing formula is as follows:

D＝ae+ce＝Lcosβ+hcotθcos(δ-γ)；

Discrepancy in elevation h after step 43, system calculate according to photovoltaic array space D, array heights L, array angle of inclination beta and value of slope α between row's photovoltaic array and front-seat photovoltaic array, computing formula is as follows:

h＝Lsinβ-Dtanα；

Step 44, formula h=Lsin β-Dtan α is brought into formula D=ae+ce=Lcos β+hcot θ cos (δ-γ), then has formula:

$D=\frac{Lcos\mathrm{\&beta;}+Lsin\mathrm{\&beta;}\cot \mathrm{\&theta;}cos(\mathrm{\&delta;}-\mathrm{\&gamma;})}{1+\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}\cot \mathrm{\&theta;}cos(\mathrm{\&delta;}-\mathrm{\&gamma;})}.$

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention divided by photovoltaic power station array and slope aspect calculates and effectively extracts the also Rational Simplification operating mode of mountain region photovoltaic plant, introduce the concept of slope aspect value, the calculating of photovoltaic power station array spacing is become the current techique under a kind of various slope aspect; Meanwhile, use arcgis software to carry out Region dividing according to the gradient and slope aspect to photovoltaic plant site, the input gradient that can be quantitative and slope aspect scope, be divided into multiple region by site, and Region dividing is accurate and efficiency is very high.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is that in the computing method embodiment of the photovoltaic power station array spacing that the present invention is based on arcgis and slope aspect value, photovoltaic array arranges schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is the projection in the horizontal plane of solar rays, photovoltaic array and domatic normal and location diagram thereof in the computing method embodiment of the photovoltaic power station array spacing that the present invention is based on arcgis and slope aspect value;

Fig. 3 is the front view of Fig. 2.

Below in conjunction with the embodiment of embodiment, foregoing of the present invention is described in further detail again.But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following example.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, the various replacement made according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means or change, all should comprise within the scope of the invention.

Embodiment

Technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:

The present invention is directed to research all in prior art and all rest on the problem that the array pitch for a certain slope aspect calculates, there is provided a kind of computing method of the photovoltaic plant building interval based on arcgis and slope aspect value, first system carries out Region dividing by arcgis to photovoltaic plant site yet to be built topomap; Secondly, system obtains the angle between each regional slope and surface level, counts value of slope α; Obtain the clockwise angle between gradient position and orientation, due south, count slope aspect value γ; Calculate sun altitude θ and the solar azimuth δ in each region; Then, system determination array, in the length of longitudinal direction, counts array heights L, and the angle between photovoltaic array inclined-plane and surface level counts array angle of inclination beta; Subsequently, system calculates photovoltaic array space D according to above-mentioned parameter, and computing formula is as follows: finally, system, according to the photovoltaic array space D in each region, obtains the spacing between photovoltaic plant yet to be built in each region.The present invention is divided by photovoltaic power station array and slope aspect calculates and effectively extracts and the Rational Simplification operating mode of mountain region photovoltaic plant, and the concept of introducing slope aspect value, become the current techique under a kind of various slope aspect by the calculating of photovoltaic power station array spacing.Use arcgis software to carry out Region dividing according to the gradient and slope aspect to photovoltaic plant site, the input gradient that can be quantitative and slope aspect scope, be divided into multiple region by site, and Region dividing is accurate and efficiency is very high simultaneously.

Embodiment

Photovoltaic array distance computation is the important content in design of photovoltaic power station, mountain region photovoltaic plant is with a varied topography, how hillside towards not being due south, exist slope, the southeast, southwestern slope, Dong Po etc. various towards, adopt in calculating in the past and slope aspect is reduced to due south, Zheng Xi, due east, direct north to carry out the calculating of photovoltaic power station array spacing, the Appropriate application of unfavorable photovoltaic resources.The concept of " slope aspect value " is incorporated in the calculating of photovoltaic power station array by the present invention, for accurate Calculation any towards photovoltaic power station array spacing.Photovoltaic array under a certain slope aspect arranges that Fig. 1 is shown in by schematic diagram.In Fig. 1, wedge area is hillside, and two rectangles tilted are front two rows photovoltaic array, and two dotted lines are respectively Due South on solar rays and surface level to line.The projection in the horizontal plane of slope aspect value and domatic normal and Due South are to the angle between line, and represent with γ in present disclosure, its numerical range is 0 ° ≦ γ≤360 °.In figure, D is photovoltaic array spacing, i.e. line projected length in the horizontal direction between the minimum point of front two rows photovoltaic array; γ is slope aspect value; α is value of slope; β is the angle between photovoltaic array and its projection in the horizontal plane; L is the length of photovoltaic array; H is the discrepancy in elevation between front-seat photovoltaic array peak and rear row's photovoltaic array minimum point.

In this example, use arcgis software to read terrain data, and generate slope aspect figure, according to topomap, photovoltaic plant site is divided into several zones of different, the factor such as road, booster stations in slope aspect, arranged in arrays and photovoltaic plant field need be considered simultaneously.In this example according to slope aspect value according to every 30 degree of sectors, namely 0 °, 30 ° ..., 270 ° 360 °, topomap is divided into 12 regions.Carry out subregion to topomap according to demand, subregion number is not only 12 in this example, also can be carry out different subregion according to other angles, all should in protection scope of the present invention.

Secondly, using arcgis Software Create slope map, for each region of above-mentioned division, all according to value of slope every 5 degree of sectors, is m sub regions by each Region dividing.Each region is numbered, the jth sub regions in i-th region be numbered Z _ij.Calculate value of slope α and the slope aspect value γ in each region.Computing method are as follows: system obtains the maximum angle α in each region between the gradient and surface level _maxand minimum angle α _min, then value of slope system obtains the maximum angle γ between gradient position and orientation, place _maxand minimum angle γ _min, then slope aspect value

For fixed type photovoltaic array, be not blocked as standard with winter solstice 9:00-15:00 in industry.If slope aspect be Due South to, namely γ=0 ° or 180 ° time, then the sun altitude θ of 9:00 and 15:00 and solar azimuth δ value are the same, calculate sun altitude θ and the solar azimuth δ of 9:00 or 15:00; If 0 ° of < γ <180 °, then should calculate sun altitude θ and the solar azimuth δ value of winter solstice 15:00; If 180 ° of < γ <360 °, then should calculate sun altitude θ and the solar azimuth δ value of winter solstice 9:00.

Wherein, the computing formula of sun altitude θ and solar azimuth δ is:

In formula, Φ is local latitude; ω is hour angle, counts high noon from the sun, and be negative in the morning, and be just in the afternoon, and numerical value equals to be multiplied by 15 ° from the time (hour) at high noon.

The projection in the horizontal plane of solar rays, photovoltaic array, domatic normal and position relationship thereof are shown in Fig. 2, and in Fig. 2, the implication of partial character annotates in the introduction, repeats no more herein.θ is sun altitude, and δ is solar azimuth.Line segment ae is the projection in the horizontal plane of domatic normal, and ce is solar rays projection in the horizontal plane.

By the interpolation of each boost line, photovoltaic array space D is divided into ae and ce two sections.

D＝ae+ce＝Lcosβ+hcotθcos(δ-γ)；

Fig. 3 is the front view of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, illustrates the relation between photovoltaic array space D, discrepancy in elevation h between rear row's photovoltaic array and front-seat photovoltaic array and gradient α more intuitively, can be obtained by Fig. 3

h＝Lsinβ-Dtanα；

Then, h=Lsin β-Dtan α is brought in formula D=ae+ce=Lcos β+hcot θ cos (δ-γ), obtains photovoltaic array

The computing formula of space D, computing formula is as follows:

$D=\frac{Lcos\mathrm{\&beta;}+Lsin\mathrm{\&beta;}\cot \mathrm{\&theta;}cos(\mathrm{\&delta;}-\mathrm{\&gamma;})}{1+\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}\cot \mathrm{\&theta;}cos(\mathrm{\&delta;}-\mathrm{\&gamma;})};$

Finally, bring above-mentioned all parameters into formula, then can calculate photovoltaic array space D.System, according to the photovoltaic array space D in each region, obtains the spacing between photovoltaic plant yet to be built in each region.

Method described in background technology be only for roof photovoltaic power station a certain towards under array pitch calculate, the present invention is then for mountain region photovoltaic plant engineering, roof photovoltaic is regular bevel, and mountain region photovoltaic plant is the assembly on numerous irregular inclined-plane, and operating mode is very complicated.The present invention divided by photovoltaic power station array and slope aspect calculates and effectively extracts the also Rational Simplification operating mode of mountain region photovoltaic plant.Calculate for Dong Po, Xi Po, north slope in method described in background technology, the present invention introduces the concept at slope aspect angle, method described in background technology is a kind of special circumstances of the present invention, and the calculating of photovoltaic power station array spacing is become the current techique under a kind of various slope aspect by the present invention.Divided by photovoltaic power station array and slope aspect calculates and effectively extracts and the Rational Simplification operating mode of mountain region photovoltaic plant, the concept of introducing slope aspect value, become the current techique under a kind of various slope aspect by the calculating of photovoltaic power station array spacing.Use arcgis software to carry out Region dividing according to the gradient and slope aspect to photovoltaic plant site, the input gradient that can be quantitative and slope aspect scope, be divided into multiple region by site, and Region dividing is accurate and efficiency is very high simultaneously.

Claims (5)

1., based on the computing method of the photovoltaic power station array spacing of arcgis and slope aspect value, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

Step 1, system carry out Region dividing by arcgis to photovoltaic plant site yet to be built topomap;

Step 2, system obtain the angle between each regional slope and surface level, count value of slope α; Obtain the clockwise angle between gradient position and orientation, due south, count slope aspect value γ; Calculate sun altitude θ and the solar azimuth δ in each region;

Step 3, system determination array are in the length of longitudinal direction, and count array heights L, the angle between photovoltaic array inclined-plane and surface level counts array angle of inclination beta;

Step 4, system calculate photovoltaic array space D according to above-mentioned parameter, and computing formula is as follows:

$D=\frac{Lcos\mathrm{\&beta;}+Lsin\mathrm{\&beta;}\cot \mathrm{\&theta;}cos(\mathrm{\&delta;}-\mathrm{\&gamma;})}{1+\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}\cot \mathrm{\&theta;}cos(\mathrm{\&delta;}-\mathrm{\&gamma;})};$

Step 5, system, according to the photovoltaic array space D in each region, obtain the spacing between photovoltaic plant yet to be built in each region.

2. the computing method of the photovoltaic power station array spacing based on arcgis and slope aspect value according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 1, topomap according to every 30 degree of sectors, is divided into 12 regions according to slope aspect value by system.

3. the computing method of the photovoltaic power station array spacing based on arcgis and slope aspect value according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, system obtains the maximum angle α in each region between the gradient and surface level _maxand minimum angle α _min, then value of slope system obtains the maximum angle γ between gradient position and orientation, place _maxand minimum angle γ _min, then slope aspect value

4. the computing method of the photovoltaic power station array spacing based on arcgis and slope aspect value according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, if slope aspect is due south or direct north, namely γ=0 ° or 180 ° time, then the sun altitude θ of 9:00 and 15:00 and solar azimuth δ is the same, calculates sun altitude θ and the solar azimuth δ of 9:00 or 15:00;

If 0 ° of < γ <180 °, then should calculate sun altitude θ and the solar azimuth δ of winter solstice 15:00;

If 180 ° of < γ <60 °, then should calculate sun altitude θ and the solar azimuth δ of winter solstice 9:00.

5. the computing method of the photovoltaic power station array spacing based on arcgis and slope aspect value according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 4, further comprising the steps of:

Step 41, system, according to array heights L and array angle of inclination beta, calculate domatic normal projection ae in the horizontal plane, described ae=Lcos β; Solar rays projection ce is in the horizontal plane calculated, described ce=hcot θ cos (δ-γ) according to discrepancy in elevation h, sun altitude θ, slope aspect value γ and solar azimuth δ;

Step 42, system calculate photovoltaic array space D according to domatic normal projection ae in the horizontal plane and solar rays projection ce in the horizontal plane, and computing formula is as follows:

D＝ae+ce＝Lcosβ+hcotθcos(δ-γ)；

Discrepancy in elevation h after step 43, system calculate according to photovoltaic array space D, array heights L, array angle of inclination beta and value of slope α between row's photovoltaic array and front-seat photovoltaic array, computing formula is as follows:

h＝Lsinβ-Dtanα；

Step 44, bring formula h=Lsin β-Dtan α into formula D=ae+ce=Lcos β+hcot θ cos (δ-γ), then there is formula:

$D=\frac{Lcos\mathrm{\&beta;}+Lsin\mathrm{\&beta;}\cot \mathrm{\&theta;}cos(\mathrm{\&delta;}-\mathrm{\&gamma;})}{1+\tan \mathrm{\&alpha;}\cot \mathrm{\&theta;}cos(\mathrm{\&delta;}-\mathrm{\&gamma;})}.$