CN113221356A - Irregular roof photovoltaic panel arrangement system and optimization method for complex building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an arrangement system and an optimization method of irregular roof photovoltaic panels of a complex building, wherein the arrangement system comprises a user interface unit, a measuring unit, a host unit, a server and the like, and based on a measured three-dimensional model, the host unit calculates the shielding range of the structure and deducts the shielding range from the roof to obtain a target area; carrying out heuristic segmentation on the region by taking out the attack auxiliary line from the concave corner points of the boundary, carrying out L-shaped equal-configuration matching on adjacent rectangles in the obtained block set, and respectively putting configuration cross regions into the horizontal and vertical directions to obtain different deployment combinations; in the deployment combination, the combined arrangement and measurement of the photovoltaic panels are carried out according to the constraints of the distances between the front and the back and the east and west; and finally, the combination arrangement with the largest photovoltaic panel area in each arrangement combination is used as an arrangement result and output. According to the method, the roof area is extracted and the photovoltaic panels are optimally arranged according to the characteristics of the structures, the roof area can be utilized to the maximum extent, the application range is wide, the heuristic segmentation simplifies the processing process, and the automatic arrangement efficiency is improved.

Description

Irregular roof photovoltaic panel arrangement system and optimization method for complex building

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to an arrangement system and an optimization method of irregular roof photovoltaic panels of a complex building.

Background

With the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the energy demand is gradually increased, and the non-renewable energy sources cannot meet the daily demand. According to statistics, the Chinese energy consumption accounts for the largest proportion of coal in 2017, petroleum is followed by petroleum, then water, electricity and natural gas are followed, and the proportion of renewable energy is very small. Under the circumstances, China urgently needs to improve energy consumption structures and solve the energy demand crisis towards the development direction of new energy. In recent years, the energy crisis is greatly relieved by the appearance of new energy, wherein solar energy is favored by various countries with the advantages of safe operation, wide range distribution, cleanness, environmental protection and the like, so that the research and application of the related technology of photovoltaic power generation have great necessity.

In recent years, the equipment cost of renewable energy power generation including wind energy and solar energy in China is greatly reduced. For example, the cost of photovoltaic modules has dropped from 50 yuan/watt in 2000 to now around 2 yuan/watt. Although the annual generation hours of solar and wind energy are only about 1/3 and 1/2 of the annual use hours of coal-fired power generation, respectively, the cost of power generation is close to that of coal-fired power generation and much lower than that of gas-fired power generation. Meanwhile, the renewable energy power generation cost also needs to consider installation space terrain and cost, access cost, consumption cost and the like.

At present, the bottleneck in developing renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and the like is the installation space and the receiving capacity, and is the problem of the installation space in the first place. Photovoltaic is not accumulated in underground deposits like petroleum, natural gas and coal, belongs to low-density energy and needs a large enough installation space. Where to find a suitable installation space? Building roofs can become an important photovoltaic resource bearing ground. At present, the roof of urban and rural buildings and the vertical surface which can receive enough sunlight in China exceed 100 hundred million square meters. If the surfaces of the buildings are developed and utilized, 2 trillion kilowatt hours of electricity can be generated every year, which is about 28 percent of the total annual electricity generation of China.

The roof photovoltaic system is built, the problem of electricity utilization in production and living of a production place can be solved, and the surplus electricity is transmitted to a power grid, so that the roof photovoltaic system becomes an important way for increasing income. Currently, rooftop photovoltaic systems can be considered as part of new infrastructure strategies. Unified planning, construction, the integrated building of transformation "photovoltaic + direct current + intelligent charging stake" supply distribution system not only can drop electric power cost, can provide clean energy for the high-end manufacturing of future development moreover, can also drive a batch of emerging industries simultaneously, like photovoltaic cell, power generation facility, novel battery, electric automobile fills electric pile, direct current supply distribution etc. and faces the sun industry.

The photovoltaic array arrangement mode is divided into two modes, namely a fixed photovoltaic array arrangement mode and a tracking type arrangement mode. The fixed photovoltaic arrangement mode is always used as the most main arrangement mode due to the advantages of low manufacturing cost, low requirements on landform, easy construction and the like, but the power generation efficiency is not high, so that the maximum defect is achieved. Tracking arrangements are further divided into horizontal single axis tracking and dual axis tracking, wherein horizontal single axis tracking increases the amount of solar radiation on the photovoltaic array by tracking the elevation angle of the sun. The double-axis tracking tracks the movement of the sun in real time through the photovoltaic array, so that sunlight directly irradiates the photovoltaic array, and the power generation amount of a photovoltaic system is maximized. Although the tracking type photovoltaic station has larger generating capacity and more stable output electric energy, the tracking type photovoltaic station is superior to a fixed photovoltaic station; however, the development of the tracking photovoltaic power station is still limited due to high requirements on the terrain, high manufacturing cost and the like, and meanwhile, the direct projection angle of sunlight at different moments every day in four seasons is changed at any time, and the working efficiency of the solar cell panel is greatly influenced by weather environments such as rain, snow, strong wind and the like. Thus, for rooftop photovoltaic arrays, a fixed type is typically used.

The roofs of buildings in cities and villages have wide space for photovoltaic power generation. However, since buildings have the aesthetic value of building in addition to providing a house shelter, roofs need to provide a variety of other functions such as water supply, fresh air conditioning, communications, advertising, etc.; as a result, building roofs are rarely, and often are, straight through flat surfaces, with many structures, such as tanks, fans, condensing systems, billboards, landscape lighting fixtures, and the like. The existence of these structures makes the arrangement design of roof photovoltaic power generation very tricky, and the prior art is often to narrow and directly locate a target area on a roof plan to place photovoltaic panels. For example, the chinese patent application No. 201811582857.3, which is based on the optimal inclination of solar radiation, obtains the optimal inclination of the photovoltaic panel, inputs the optimal inclination, arrangement and size of the photovoltaic panel, and digitally models the photovoltaic module of the roof of the building, wherein the roof is described by a plane; the chinese patent application No. 201811538965.0, however, arranges the photovoltaic panels in a rectangular area on a flat pitched roof.

On the roof with structures, there are different situations of simple structures and complex structures according to the number and positions of the structures. Some roof structures are few as one or two or located at the corners of the roof, in which case the analysis and comparison can be done with fewer placement attempts; in the case of a large number of structures and a complex orientation, a more intensive analysis is required to obtain a programmed automatic processing flow, and it is expected that a simplified process will be proposed to reduce the amount of calculation for layout optimization.

Accordingly, there is a need for a system for optimally arranging photovoltaic panels on a roof of a complex building based on the distribution of actual structures on the roof.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a roof photovoltaic arrangement system for a building with a complex structure, which performs area division and combination on a roof of the building according to an actual roof structure and based on a shadow interference range of the building, so as to maximally utilize a roof space for photovoltaic power generation, thereby solving a technical problem of space waste caused by the fact that only a small inscribed rectangular area of the roof is used for photovoltaic array arrangement in the prior art.

The method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining a three-dimensional model of a building or a roof of the building based on a measuring unit, calculating three-dimensional sizes of various structures protruding out of a roof plane by a three-dimensional calculating module in a host unit based on the model, then carrying out sun irradiation analysis at key time points such as 9 hours/15 hours in winter solstice in an interference processing module according to distribution directions of the structures, and calculating a shadow shielding range of the structures on the roof plane so as to obtain a target area where a photovoltaic panel array can be deployed; the target deployment area is often made to be an irregular multi-rectangular combined body due to the cross interference of the structure on the plane of the roof, so that an optimal arrangement processing algorithm is needed to be provided, and the maximum photovoltaic panel arrangement power generation area is obtained by fully utilizing the irregular area.

Therefore, through on-site roof data acquisition and research and analysis, the invention adopts a processing method of firstly extracting the cross region in the multi-rectangular combined body and then respectively carrying out east-west or south-north combined comparison on the cross region. In order to extract a multi-rectangular assembly, an enumeration method and a heuristic segmentation method are respectively adopted to segment blocks of target areas which can be arranged and utilized on a roof; then based on the feature analysis of the configuration, matching the combination of the blocks in the shapes of L, T, cross and the like; finally, in the secondary segmentation of the combined areas, the problem of mutual shadow interference of the photovoltaic panels in the two adjacent areas under the condition that the adjacent rectangular areas are staggered, namely the south-north boundary lines are inconsistent is further deeply researched. The calculation formula of the east-west spacing between the photovoltaic panels in two adjacent areas is obtained through triangle geometric modeling and processing based on projection analysis of the shadows of the adjacent staggered photovoltaic panels, so that the optimal distribution of the photovoltaic panels in the irregular areas under each combination situation can be obtained based on the calculation formula.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows: there is provided a complex building irregular roof photovoltaic panel arrangement system of the following structure, comprising: a user interface unit, a measurement unit and a host unit,

the measuring unit is used for performing all-directional three-dimensional measurement on the roof to obtain a three-dimensional model of the roof,

the host unit is respectively connected with the user interface unit and the measuring unit;

the host unit includes an event processing module, a three-dimensional computing module, an interference processing module, an arrangement optimizing module, an input module, and an output module, and is configured to:

the three-dimensional calculation module calculates and acquires three-dimensional size and orientation data of each structure of the roof; the method comprises the steps that an interference processing module calculates a shadow shielding area of a structure under sunlight irradiation at a preset moment, a non-rectangular irregular target area of a roof for deploying photovoltaic panels is obtained after the shielding area is deducted, and aiming at the target area, a configuration optimization module firstly obtains calculation formulas of the front-back spacing and the east-west spacing of a photovoltaic panel array under the constraint of a preset inclination angle, wherein the adjacent photovoltaic panels are not shielded at the preset moment;

in the target area, basic division is performed by dividing the target area into a plurality of basic rectangles by straight lines in the north-south and east-west directions, then the basic rectangles are merged according to a boundary range according to an external rectangle, then various rectangle combinations which are not crossed and cover all the target areas together are enumerated in the target area range, for each enumerated combination, each rectangle in the interior is calculated according to the adjacent direction, the acquired front-back distance and east-west distance, and the combined arrangement and measurement of the photovoltaic panel array are respectively performed under the length constraint condition of the photovoltaic panel; and finally, taking the combination arrangement with the largest photovoltaic panel area in each combination as a configuration result, and outputting the configuration result through an output module.

Preferably, the merging according to the circumscribed rectangle is processed as follows: numbering the basic rectangular blocks from small to large, and according to an adjacency relation, respectively carrying out merging attempt on each basic rectangular block and the basic rectangular with larger numbers in the east-west direction and the south-north direction, and recording the merging if the basic rectangular blocks can be combined to form a rectangle; the above processes are repeated until no new rectangle can be merged, and all records are merged to form a partition block set.

Preferably, at the time of the merging, other merging rectangles than the largest rectangle that can be merged in the front direction are removed, that is, not recorded.

Preferably, the arrangement optimization module includes a block dividing unit, a configuration matching unit, a combination arranging unit, and an arrangement optimizing unit, and the host unit is further configured to:

when the block dividing part carries out the basic division, on the boundary of the target area, the concave corner point of the internal boundary is used as a starting point, extension lines are respectively made in the target area along the east-west direction and the south-north direction until the extension lines intersect with the boundary, the target area is divided into a plurality of basic rectangular blocks and combined into a basic rectangular set, and the obtained basic rectangular set elements are combined to generate a divided block set.

Preferably, the host unit is further configured to: the configuration matching part performs matching attempt on any two adjacent blocks in the divided block set, and records the matching if the two adjacent blocks can be combined to form L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped configurations; repeating the above processes until a new configuration can not be matched, and matching all records to form a configuration combination set;

then, continuing to pre-deploy and combine any mutually disjoint matching configuration sub-elements in the configuration combination set, and combining all elements in the configuration combination set and all pre-deployment combination elements into a pre-deployment combination set,

updating the pre-deployment combination set, and for each element, supplementing the rectangular block corresponding to the range difference into the element from the basic rectangular set or the partition block set according to the difference between the target area and the coverage range of the target area;

and expanding the configuration combination set on the basis of the pre-deployment combination set, wherein each configuration sub-element in each element corresponds to two deployments of a rectangular block for classifying the configuration cross region into a north-south direction or an east-west direction, each different deployment record is a deployment combination element, after the configuration cross region is classified into one direction, the classified rectangle and the rest rectangle of the configuration jointly replace two adjacent blocks recorded in the configuration sub-element, and the deployment combination set is formed after the deployment combination set is expanded.

Preferably, the host unit is further configured to: the combined arrangement part is used for carrying out combined arrangement measurement and calculation on the photovoltaic arrays in each rectangular block according to the range and the azimuth relation of the rectangular block corresponding to each sub-element in the element aiming at each element in the deployment combination set, recording the arrangement area of the photovoltaic panel when each rectangular block is combined and arranged, and arranging the rectangular blocks according to the combined arrangement with the largest arrangement area in the rectangular blocks;

the arrangement optimization part counts the sum of the arrangement areas of the rectangular blocks contained in each element in the arrangement combination set, and the photovoltaic arrays in the full range of the target area corresponding to the element with the largest area are arranged as the arrangement result.

Preferably, the arrangement optimization module further includes a coverage calculation section, and the host unit is further configured to: when the combined arrangement measurement and calculation are carried out on the rectangular blocks with adjacent rectangles in the east-west direction, the coverage calculation part respectively calculates the vertical projection range of each photovoltaic panel and the north projection range under the illumination of the photovoltaic panel at the preset moment when the number of the arranged blocks of the photovoltaic panel arrays in two adjacent rows of two adjacent rectangular blocks is respectively set, and the sum of the two ranges is used as the coverage range of the photovoltaic panel arrays,

and when the coverage areas of two photovoltaic panels in two adjacent photovoltaic panel arrays are crossed, calculating the east-west distance:

wherein the preset time is 9 hours or 15 hours of winter solstice day, L_maxThe solar azimuth angle is the inclined length of the farthest block of the north end of the east-west adjacent two photovoltaic panels from the south end of the target area

Altitude angle of the sun

Beta is photovoltaicThe inclination angle of the installation of the plate,

is the local latitude.

Preferably, in the combined arrangement measurement, for each rectangular block to be arranged, if the number of rows of the photovoltaic panels arranged in parallel in north and south is N:

if the rectangular block to be arranged is positioned at the most north end of the whole target area, according to the requirement,

(N-1). Total D + L. cos beta. is not more than D_NS，

Otherwise, if the rectangular block to be arranged is not the north-most end of the whole target area, requesting,

n total D is less than or equal to D_NS，

Wherein D is_NSThe length of the rectangular blocks to be arranged in the north-south direction is shown.

Preferably, the measuring unit is a three-dimensional laser scanning unit, the three-dimensional laser scanning unit performs segmentation processing after roof point cloud data is obtained through scanning, the point cloud is divided into different patch areas, and a three-dimensional model comprising a structure roof is constructed in the form of points, lines and polygons;

the three-dimensional calculation module calculates the geometric dimension of the structure by taking the actual dimension of the marker on the platform and the proportion of the pixel number of the marker in the three-dimensional model picture as the conversion proportion of the three-dimensional model measurement, calculates the three-dimensional dimensions of the length, the width and the height of the structure on the east, the west and the south peripheries of the region on the basis of the flat region of the roof main body, and identifies the orientation of the structure under the reference coordinate system of the region.

Preferably, a line segment or a rail between the end-to-end edges of the roof deck is used as the marker.

Preferably, the structure is spliced, and adjacent boundaries are simplified by a circumscribed polygon or a circumscribed rectangle, wherein vertical edges of the rectangle are parallel to the south-north and east-west straight lines respectively.

Preferably, the three-dimensional model is simplified by splicing a plurality of three-dimensional objects, and the data can be further used for partitioning the structure in the host unit, calculating a circumscribed polygon for each region in the roof section of the structure, and acquiring the maximum height in the region; and each polygon is circumscribed by a rectangle in the east-west direction and the south-north direction, and the length and the width of the rectangle and the maximum height in the area are used as a cuboid structure to calculate the shielding range of the polygon.

Preferably, the measuring unit is a stereoscopic vision collecting unit, the stereoscopic vision collecting unit obtains a roof depth map by adopting binocular vision or a combination of structured light and a video camera, and spatial coordinate information of each point in the depth image is obtained through known camera parameters and coordinate transformation;

the three-dimensional calculation module extracts a roof structure from an image by utilizing image threshold segmentation, extracts the length, width and height of the structure on the south periphery of the area based on space coordinate information on the basis of a flat area of a roof main body, and identifies the direction of the structure under a reference coordinate system of the area.

Preferably, under a reference coordinate system, the set of pixel points of which the height direction coordinates are within the threshold range is aggregated into a plane; preferably, the region growing method may be used to search for the main flat region with the largest area from the seed pixel point.

Preferably, in the combined arrangement measurement and calculation, if adjacent rectangular areas in the deployment combination are distributed in a north-south manner, the shadow north end of the photovoltaic panel at the north-most end of the south rectangular area in the adjacent rectangular areas at the preset time is collinear with the south end of the photovoltaic panel at the south-most end of the north rectangular area;

in the combined arrangement measurement and calculation, if adjacent rectangular areas in the deployment combination are distributed in an east-west manner, one rectangular area with smaller area or south-north length in the adjacent rectangular areas is adjacent to the other rectangular area in the direction, and the combined arrangement measurement and calculation in the rectangle is carried out after the rectangular area is cut according to the length of the result obtained by the east-west distance calculation formula.

Preferably, when the preset time is 9 days or 15 days of winter solstice, the front-rear distance calculation formula is as follows:

wherein L is the inclined length of the south photovoltaic panel, beta is the installation inclination angle,

is the local latitude.

Preferably, an electronic drawing may be used instead of the measuring unit to acquire data such as a three-dimensional model of the roof of the building.

In another embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a method for optimizing the arrangement of irregular roof photovoltaic panels of a complex building, comprising the steps of:

s1, determining the structure of the target area to be arranged on the roof, including the size and the position of the boundary line segment; determining evaluation criteria of photovoltaic panel arrangement, including parameters such as a photovoltaic panel installation inclination angle, a preset time during sunlight projection calculation and the like, and calculation formulas of front and back distances and east-west distances which are not shielded between adjacent photovoltaic panels;

s2, searching all corner points on the boundary of the region according to the structure of the target region, and screening out all reentrant corner points according to the concavity and convexity of the corner points to combine into a reentrant corner point set A;

s3, block division:

s31, for each concave corner point in the set A, making an extension line towards the inner side of the target area by the corresponding north-south internal boundary until the concave corner point intersects with the boundary, dividing the target area into a plurality of rectangular blocks by the extension lines and the boundary, numbering the rectangular blocks from small to large according to a preset sequence, and forming a divided block set F by all the divided block sets;

s32, after the north-south direction is changed into the east-west direction, the segmentation in the step S31 is repeated, the obtained rectangular blocks are numbered continuously, and then the rectangular blocks are added into the segmentation block set F;

s4, configuration matching: matching and judging the shape of any two adjacent blocks in the divided block set F after combination with the L shape, the T shape or the cross shape, and recording the combination if the two adjacent blocks are matched; repeating the above processes until a new configuration can not be matched, and combining all records to form a configuration combination set G;

s5, generating a deployment combination set:

s51, combining any mutually disjoint matching configuration sub-elements in the configuration combination set G to form pre-combination elements, dividing all elements and all pre-combination elements in the configuration combination set G and rectangular block elements in a block set F in a complementary set range of a target area corresponding to the elements respectively to form a pre-deployment combination element together, and forming a pre-deployment combination set YB by the pre-deployment combination elements;

s52, for each pre-deployment combination element, because each configuration sub-element inside the pre-deployment combination element is classified into two deployments of a south-north direction rectangular block or an east-west direction rectangular block corresponding to the intersection region, if there are u configuration sub-elements in the pre-deployment combination element, 2 will be formed according to the classification direction difference of the u configuration sub-elements^uAnd each different deployment record is taken as a deployment combination element, and a deployment combination set is generated.

S6, for each element in the deployment combination set, based on the size and adjacency relation of each rectangular block corresponding to the element and the evaluation standard, carrying out combination arrangement measurement and calculation of the photovoltaic arrays in each rectangular block, recording the arrangement area of the photovoltaic panel when each rectangular block is in combination arrangement, and arranging the rectangular blocks in the combination arrangement with the largest arrangement area in the rectangular blocks;

and counting the total area corresponding to each element, and preferably selecting the distribution of the rectangular blocks corresponding to the elements with the maximum total area and the arrangement of the photovoltaic arrays in the rectangular blocks as the arrangement optimization result.

Preferably, the step S51 adopts the following processing:

YB1, numbering the configuration sub-elements in the configuration combination set G from small to large;

YB2, using any configuration sub-element in the configuration combination set G as a first layer configuration node, searching all other configuration sub-elements which have no intersection with the configuration combination set G and are numbered more than the configuration sub-elements and forming an auxiliary set; selecting one configuration sub-element from the auxiliary set again as a second-layer configuration node, searching all other configuration sub-elements which are not intersected with the configuration sub-element in the auxiliary set and have larger numbers than the configuration sub-element in the auxiliary set, and forming the configuration sub-elements into an updated auxiliary set; continuing the selection and search recursion process until the auxiliary set has no configurational child elements; all the combinations of the layer configuration nodes obtained by each recursion from the first layer node, the first second layer node combination, … … to the first to the last layer node and the rectangular block elements in the partition block set F in the complementary set range respectively corresponding to the target area form a pre-deployment combination together.

Preferably, the subsequent steps are performed independently in two cases, i.e., in the east-west direction or in the north-south direction from the start of block division, from the start of generation of the divided block set F.

Preferably, the block segmentation, the configuration matching and the deployment combination set generation, the combined arrangement measurement, the statistics and the optimization are respectively realized by a block segmentation part, a configuration matching part, a combined arrangement part and an arrangement optimization part in the arrangement optimization module.

Compared with the prior art, the scheme of the invention has the following advantages: aiming at the photovoltaic power generation application of a building roof, the influence of a ubiquitous roof structure on the arrangement of photovoltaic panels is found, in order to utilize the roof area as much as possible, the structure is simplified based on an external rectangular body of an obtained three-dimensional model of the building roof, the size and the direction of the structure are calculated, and the shielding range of the structure in the east-west direction and the north-north direction, the front-back distance between the photovoltaic panels and an east-west distance calculation formula are calculated by taking sunshine at a preset moment such as 9 days or 15 days of winter solstice as a basis; extracting a roof plane from a main flat area in the three-dimensional model of the roof, and deducting a structure and a shielding area thereof from the plane to be used as a multi-rectangular combined irregular target area for deploying the photovoltaic panel; aiming at the target area, firstly dividing the target area based on the boundary and obtaining a basic block through adjacent combination expansion, matching the obtained basic block according to the adjacency relation by using the configuration characteristics of L and the like to obtain a configuration assembly, extracting cross rectangles in the configuration assembly through secondary division, and respectively classifying the rectangles into one side of the configuration to form a deployment combination; based on the calculation formula of the front-back distance and the east-west distance between the photovoltaic panels, the combined arrangement measurement and calculation of the photovoltaic panels are respectively carried out on each rectangular block in the arrangement combination under the constraint condition of the general length of the photovoltaic panels, and finally, the combined arrangement with the largest area of the photovoltaic panels in various arrangement combinations in various combinations of the configuration assembly is taken as the arrangement result to be output. According to the method, the target area is extracted and the arrangement is optimized according to the actual parameters of the roof structure, so that the roof area is utilized to the maximum extent for photovoltaic power generation, the method can be used for the arrangement design of the photovoltaic panels of the roof of the structure with the complex irregular structure, the applicability is strong, the treatment process is simplified through heuristic segmentation, and the automatic arrangement efficiency is improved.

It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts, as well as additional concepts discussed in greater detail below (provided such concepts are not mutually inconsistent), are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. In particular, all combinations of claimed subject matter appearing in the presently disclosed aspects can be contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein.

Drawings

FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic panel arrangement system for an irregular roof of a complex building; FIG. 1B is a schematic structural diagram of an arrangement optimization module;

FIG. 2A is a schematic view of a target roof structure distribution; FIG. 2B is a perspective view of a building; FIG. 2C is a schematic view of roof structure position and shade extension;

FIG. 3A is a schematic view of a shadow region model of a structure; FIG. 3B is a schematic view of the photovoltaic panel spacing; fig. 3C is a schematic view of a photovoltaic panel ground projection; FIG. 3D is a graph illustrating annual total radiance curves at different installation dip angles;

FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a roof target area and a foundation segmentation; FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of a division block formation; FIG. 4C is a schematic view of a corner distribution; FIG. 4D is a schematic diagram of corner matching segmentation; FIG. 4E is a schematic view of configuration matching; FIG. 4F is a schematic view of another complex structure of a roof foundation being divided;

FIG. 5A is a schematic view of the zoning of a target roof according to the shade of the structure; FIG. 5B shows two arrangements of the target planning region; fig. 5C and 5D are schematic views of the coverage of the photovoltaic panel array;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the inter-east-west spacing between different southbound end line photovoltaic panels; FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the range of influence of the shadow of the reference photovoltaic panel on the adjacent dislocated photovoltaic panel; FIG. 8 is a table of a target planning zone grouping calculation; FIG. 9 is a table of calculation of the second layout of the target planning area combinations; FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a target roof optimization arrangement; fig. 11 is a flow chart of the arrangement optimization of the roof photovoltaic panels.

Wherein: 1000 irregular roof photovoltaic panel arrangement system for complex buildings,

100 host units, 200 user interface units, 300 measurement units, 400 servers, 500 positioning units,

110 input module, 120 output module, 130 arrangement optimization module, 140 interference processing module, 150 storage module, 160 three-dimensional calculation module, 170 event processing module, 210 display screen, 220 operation panel,

the photovoltaic panel comprises a 131 block dividing part, a 132 configuration matching part, a 133 covering calculating part, a 134 combination arrangement part, a 135 arrangement optimization part, 41/42 structures, 321 first photovoltaic panels, 322 second photovoltaic panels, 323 reference panels, 324 alignment panels, 3211 first vertical surface and 3221 second vertical surface.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to only these embodiments. The invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, equivalents and alternatives which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention.

In the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.

The invention is described in more detail in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are in simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is only used for convenience and clarity to assist in describing the embodiments of the present invention. In the description of the directions, the east-west direction is the left-right direction, and the north-south direction is the front-back direction.

Example 1

The roof distributed photovoltaic power generation project is installed on an idle roof, original land resources cannot be occupied, and the roof distributed photovoltaic power generation project is multi-purpose, efficient and environment-friendly. As a clean new energy, a roof distributed photovoltaic power generation project is implemented on roofs of public buildings such as government buildings, hospitals and schools in China. Although there are general methods for the design of photovoltaic power plants, such methods all assume that the terrain in which the photovoltaic panels are deployed is a flat area without shading; aiming at the roof of a building, a rectangular area is often encircled from the roof surface to carry out the arrangement design of photovoltaic panels; when a single rectangular area on a roof plane is actually touched and is not easy to divide, the arrangement is usually carried out by adopting a side-by-side straight paving method according to subjective experience. These existing methods are difficult to fully utilize the solar energy on the roof of a building.

The invention provides an arrangement system of photovoltaic panels on an irregular roof of a complex building, which is used for carrying out optimal arrangement of the photovoltaic panels for power generation on roofs of various buildings. As shown in fig. 1A, the complex building irregular roof photovoltaic panel arrangement system 100 includes a user interface unit 200 and a host unit 100; a measurement unit 300, a positioning unit 500 and a server 400 may also be included.

The user interface unit 200 may include an operation panel 220 and a display screen 210, which are used for operation and display, respectively; the measuring unit is used for performing three-dimensional measurement on the roof in each direction by 300 to obtain a three-dimensional model of the roof; the positioning unit 500 is used for acquiring geographic information such as latitude, and the server 400 is used for storing common data and information such as models, formulas and constants.

Preferably, the server 400 is further configured to respond to queries from each host unit 100 and store the arrangement data of the roof photovoltaic panels of each building; services such as retrieval, querying, etc. may also be provided through categorization.

Fig. 2A and 2B are each a diagram illustrating a three-dimensional perspective view of a building, in which the longitudinal direction of the building body faces a direction close to the true south. In fig. 2A it can be seen that the roof in the lower left corner has a large substantially flat area for the arrangement of photovoltaic panels, but it can also be seen that the east side of the roof has a high dome, i.e. the structure 41 in fig. 2A, in the middle of the building, and the southwest side has a derrick-like shape, i.e. the structure 42 in fig. 2A; because of our north hemisphere, structures 41/42 on both perimeters will shield the photovoltaic panels in the middle flat area of the roof. In fig. 2B, the target roof in the north has a water tower and an access cabin and other buildings affect its insolation in both the east and the west. Different from the mode that only a small rectangular area is encircled from the center of a flat area for arranging the photovoltaic panels in the prior art, the invention optimizes the arrangement of the roof photovoltaic panels by the construction and the processing of the main unit 100 in the system.

As shown in fig. 1A, fig. 2A to fig. 2C, fig. 3A, and fig. 4A to fig. 4E, the host unit 100 is connected to other units, such as the user interface unit 200, the measurement unit 300, the positioning unit 500, and the server 400, respectively; the host unit 100 includes an event processing module 170, a three-dimensional calculation module 160, an interference processing module 140, an arrangement optimization module 130, an input module 110, and an output module 120, and is configured to:

based on the scale conversion relation between the roof three-dimensional model and the model material object, the three-dimensional calculation module 160 calculates to obtain the three-dimensional size and the orientation data of each structure of the roof; the interference processing module 140 calculates a shadow shielding area of the structure under the irradiation of sunlight at a preset moment to obtain a non-rectangular irregular target area of the photovoltaic panel deployed on the roof; for a target area, the configuration optimization module 130 first obtains calculation formulas of the front-back spacing and the east-west spacing of the photovoltaic panel array at a preset time without shielding the photovoltaic panels and under the constraint of a preset inclination angle;

the basic division divides the basic rectangle into a plurality of basic rectangles by using straight lines in the south-north and east-west directions, and then the basic rectangles are combined according to the boundary range and the external rectangles, namely two or more rectangles are combined into a large rectangle; then enumerating various rectangle combinations in the target area range, wherein all rectangles in the rectangle combinations are not crossed and just cover all the target area together, respectively calculating each rectangle in the enumerated combinations according to the adjacent direction, the acquired front-back spacing and east-west spacing, and respectively carrying out the combination arrangement measurement and calculation of the photovoltaic panel array under the length constraint condition of the photovoltaic panel; and finally, taking the combination arrangement with the largest photovoltaic panel area in each combination as a configuration result, and outputting the configuration result through an output module.

In each combination arrangement measurement, the photovoltaic panels in each rectangular block are required to be arranged at a front-back distance, and the north side shadows of all the photovoltaic panels in the rectangular blocks which are not at the north end cannot exceed the north end range of the rectangular block; if there are adjacent tiles in the east-west direction, then there is also an east-west spacing to constrain. The calculation formula, the location, the parameter setting, and the like may be stored in the storage module 150 and also uploaded to the server 400.

The event processing unit 170 is then configured to: in response to the input of signals received by the input module 110 from the user interface unit 200, data is transmitted and stored and other modules within the host unit are invoked to process responses, respectively. The method specifically comprises the following steps: when a user inputs parameters through the operation panel 220 in the user interface unit 200, displaying operation interaction information through the display screen 210, and transmitting each parameter to the storage module 150 for storage; after receiving the preset three-dimensional calculation, interference processing, arrangement optimization and other instructions sent or started by the user through the input module 110, the event processing unit 170 instructs the three-dimensional calculation module 160, the interference processing module 140 and the arrangement optimization module 130 to perform the three-dimensional calculation, the shadow blocking range calculation and identification, the photovoltaic panel arrangement and combination and other processing, and stores the processing results. Meanwhile, after the configuration optimization is finished, the size and orientation parameters corresponding to the configuration result are transmitted to an external unit through the output module 120 in a form of instruction or message notification, and the result can be visually output through the display screen, so that the configuration design of the target roof photovoltaic panel can be parameterized and transmitted.

As shown in fig. 1A, the arrangement optimization module 130 may further include a block division unit 131, a configuration matching unit 132, a combination arrangement unit 134, an arrangement optimization unit 135, and the like, and they are respectively used to perform block division, configuration matching and deployment combination set generation, combination arrangement estimation, statistics and optimization, and the like on the target arrangement region of the roof in the photovoltaic panel arrangement.

The arrangement of the photovoltaic panels on the roof is based on specific terrain; for this purpose, a three-dimensional model of the roof is obtained. Three-dimensional models are data compositions used to define the structure of an object in three dimensions, and are typically modeled using polygons. For a roof, the direction of the rectangular solid plus the line can be used for representation. For new buildings, electronic drawings are generally available, and three-dimensional and dimensional data of roofs can be obtained from drawings such as CAD (computer-aided design); but for older existing buildings, a three-dimensional model of the roof can be obtained by the measurement unit. Without loss of generality, the measuring unit can adopt methods such as three-dimensional laser scanning or stereoscopic vision collection.

Preferably, the measuring unit is a three-dimensional laser scanning unit, the measuring unit is used for obtaining roof point cloud data through scanning, then carrying out segmentation processing, dividing the point cloud into different patch areas, and constructing a three-dimensional model comprising a structure roof in the form of points, lines and polygons.

The model takes a grid as a basic data unit, the grid is composed of a plurality of point clouds of an object, and a three-dimensional model grid is formed through the point clouds. The point cloud may include three-dimensional coordinates, laser reflection intensity, and color information, which are ultimately drawn into a grid. These meshes are usually composed of triangles, quadrilaterals or other simple convex polygons, which simplifies the rendering process, and may also include objects composed of normal polygons with holes. On a grid basis, in order to simplify the model for measurement and planning use, it is subjected to the extraction of the roofline: firstly, preprocessing a three-dimensional building model, and extracting triangular patches belonging to a roof part; then, carrying out contour line rough extraction by adopting an Alpha Shapes algorithm, and simplifying the rough contour line by a contour line simplifying method of a least square method; then, the simplified contour lines are regularized by a classification forced orthogonal method. The contour line with complete and accurate boundary can be obtained through the processing, the contour is clear and brief, and a foundation is provided for the subsequent dimension extraction.

Based on the main contour line in the three-dimensional model, the three-dimensional calculation module takes the actual size of the marker on the roof platform and the proportion of the number of pixels in the three-dimensional model picture as the conversion proportion of the three-dimensional model measurement to calculate the geometric sizes of the roof platform and each structure. For example, the conversion may be performed according to the distance between the end to end of the edge of the roof platform, or the actual length of the marker such as a railing on the platform.

On the roof platform, on the basis of the elevation of a main body flat area, an area with the elevation within a threshold value range is defined as a target area for arranging the photovoltaic panels. Meanwhile, based on the geometric dimensions, length, width and height three-dimensional dimension calculation is carried out on structures on the east, west and south peripheries of the target area, and the orientation of the structures is identified under a reference coordinate system of the area; wherein the coordinate system may be a horizontal coordinate system XOY, since the structure has height data.

Preferably, the connected structures can be merged based on the adjacency relationship, namely, the adjacent boundaries are simplified by enclosing polygons or rectangles, wherein the vertical edges of the rectangles are respectively parallel to the straight lines in the north-south direction and the east-west direction. These three-dimensional structures are processed in a three-dimensional computing module. Partitioning the structure, calculating a circumscribed polygon in each area, and acquiring the maximum height in the area; each polygon is externally connected by a rectangle in the east-west direction and the south-north direction, and a cuboid is formed by the length and the width of the rectangle and the maximum height in the region and serves as a shielding calculation structure.

And after the measuring unit acquires the point cloud model of the building, the three-dimensional surface of the building is reconstructed through surface sheet processing, and the three-dimensional model of the building comprising the roof is obtained. Based on the three-dimensional model data, a view of the roof on a plane, such as a horizontal plane, may be obtained with reference to the direction of gravity, so that the number of pixels of the marker on the roof platform may be obtained based on the view picture. In fig. 2A, the roof has grid-shaped rectangular blocks as markers, and the actual length and width data of the grid can be obtained by field measurement, so that the conversion ratio of the three-dimensional model measurement is based on the size, such as the length, of the grid-shaped rectangular blocks and the ratio of the number of corresponding pixels in the view, and the geometric dimensions of the roof platform and each structure can be calculated according to the ratio without loss of generality:

wherein d is_r、n_rRespectively the geometric length and the number of pixels of the marker, d_p、n_pRespectively the geometric length and the number of pixels of the line segment to be measured.

As long as the photovoltaic modules are not tiled on the same plane, the photovoltaic panels are shielded from each other, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules is reduced along with the shielding of shadows. More importantly, due to direct shielding, a hot spot phenomenon is generated on the photovoltaic cell, namely, the shielded photovoltaic module is used as a load to consume the electric quantity generated by the unshielded photovoltaic module and generate heat, so that the circuit of the photovoltaic module is damaged. For this reason, a bypass diode is generally connected in parallel between the positive and negative electrodes of the photovoltaic module to prevent the hot spot effect in the time period when the local and partial light is weak. For the condition that a large area is still shaded by shadows when the illumination is strong, photovoltaic modules are not arranged in the area generally. Referring to the related standards, the sunshine major period division point, such as 9 am and 15 pm, is generally used as the standard for calculating the maximum shadow distance. And calculating the shadow shielding range of the roof structure and the photovoltaic panel at the moment of winter solstice, and calculating the roof area range which can be used for photovoltaic array arrangement.

Referring to fig. 2A and 3A, without loss of generality, the west structure in fig. 2A is taken as an example, which forms a shadow mask on the roof plane as shown in fig. 3A. As shown in the right diagram of fig. 3A, for a structure with a height H, a shadow with a length P in the diagram is formed at a sun height angle H; and P will form a projection component of length D in the north-south direction with azimuth a starting from the north-south direction as the rotation angle.

Under the conditions of solar altitude angle h, azimuth angle A, declination angle delta and time angle omega, astronomical celestial coordinate transformation comprises the following steps:

solar altitude:

solar azimuth angle:

similarly, projection analysis is performed on the shadow blocking range of the photovoltaic panel, and as shown in fig. 3B and 3C, based on the illumination at the preset time, in the same column, the distance between the second photovoltaic panel 322 on the north side and the first photovoltaic panel 321 on the south side, that is, the distance from the north end of the first photovoltaic panel 321 to the north-most end of the shadow is D, the distance between the two panels is denoted as total D, the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is β, and the local latitude is D

Then there are:

total D ═ L · cos β + ((L · sin β) · ctgh) · cosA

As shown in fig. 3C, the projection of the height H on the first vertical surface 3211 at the north end of the first photovoltaic panel 321 under the solar radiation is analyzed, and the second vertical surface 3221 at the south end of the second photovoltaic panel 322 is located at the northest end of the projection, which is the distance between the two vertical surfaces:

will be provided with

After the substitution, the method has the following steps,

in the winter solstice, if δ is-23.45 ° and ω is 45 ° at 9:00 am, then there are,

total D ═ L · cos β + D,

for convenient calculation, the azimuth angle A is an acute angle with a straight line in the north-south direction, and then positive and negative values are selected in the triangular value calculation by combining the specific direction. The latitude of Hangzhou city of the building in FIG. 2A

Instead, total D ═ L · cos β +1.8683 · L · sin β.

Similarly, the structure around the target roof shown in fig. 2B is subjected to the expansion of the shadow occlusion range, as shown in fig. 2C, and after the occlusion shadow portion is subtracted, the target range of the roof is shown in the left diagram of fig. 4A.

Preferably, the height of the structure shadow blocking range is calculated based on a height difference between the starting point height of the structure and the starting point height of the photovoltaic panel. Preferably, the arrangement array of the roof photovoltaic panels adopts the fixed installation by using the inclination angle.

Preferably, the inclination angle is an annual optimum power generation inclination angle. The solar photovoltaic array which is obliquely arranged faces the equator and receives the maximum radiation energy compared with any inclination angle, and at a certain moment, the total radiation energy I received by the photovoltaic array_tBy direct radiation I_bScattered radiation I_dAnd reflected radiation I_rThe solar monocrystalline silicon cell consists of three parts, because the spectral response of the solar monocrystalline silicon cell is mainly concentrated in a short wave region, and the ground surface reflected radiation is mainly based on long wave radiation, a large part of ground surface reflected radiation is ineffective for the solar monocrystalline silicon cell, so that the instantaneous total radiation energy of the obliquely-placed solar photovoltaic array is as follows:

I_t＝I_b+I_d，

in the above formula, the solar instantaneous direct radiant energy on the photovoltaic array is: i is_b＝I₀·τ_b·cosβ，

The instantaneous solar scattered radiation on the photovoltaic array is:

wherein, I₀Intensity of solar radiation, tau, when sunlight is vertically incident on the upper air boundary_b、τ_dLocal direct radiation, scattering transparency coefficient, respectively.

The total radiant energy received by the photovoltaic array surface per day is then:

in the formula: t is_ssAnd T_srSunrise and sunset times, respectively.

The total radiant energy received by the surface of the photovoltaic array all year round is as follows: q_y＝∑_nQ_n。

Given geographic latitude, terrain height and other parameters, the total radiation Q received by the photovoltaic array_yThe method is a function related to the installation inclination angle beta, in order to simplify the calculation process, the beta can be quantized into 0-90 degrees through programming, the increment is 1 degree, the known parameters are substituted into an equation to obtain the total radiation amount by substituting different beta values, and the beta value corresponding to the maximum radiation amount is found out. The target building is located in Hangzhou city, the geographical altitude hh is 41 meters, n is calculated by 365 all the year round, the annual total radiation amount (part) of each square meter of photovoltaic panel with different inclination angles is obtained as shown in figure 3D, the annual optimal inclination angle obtained by actual data comparison is 27 degrees, and the total radiation amount received by the surface of the unit photovoltaic array is Q_y＝4177.6MJ/m²。

With reference to fig. 2A and 5A, based on the calculation and processing of the three-dimensional calculation module and the interference processing module, a shadow shielding range of the roof structure is obtained according to the illumination characteristics at the preset time, and the structure is expanded, as shown by a shadow line labeling range in fig. 5A, wherein the expansion range of the No. 1 region structure is east and north shadow projection lengths, and the No. 2 region is west shadow projection length. After the shadow occlusion area of the structures 41 and 42 in fig. 2A on the roof plane is subtracted, the remaining target area is an L-shaped area rotated by 180 degrees.

In the above-described rectangular combination enumeration, when the number of structures around and in the roof is large and the structure of the target area is complicated, not only the enumeration is complicated, but also the number of enumerated combinations increases exponentially, so that the processing amount of the subsequent combination arrangement and pitch calculation increases greatly. Therefore, through deep research and analysis, a heuristic arrangement optimization processing flow is summarized, and the method sequentially comprises the steps of initial block division, configuration matching of block combinations to form pre-deployment, secondary division to form deployment combinations, rectangular block combination arrangement measurement and calculation on the deployment combinations, final arrangement optimization and the like.

Specifically, the placement-based optimization module 130 preferably performs the following several stages.

After the basic division, as shown in fig. 4A to 4F, preferably, in the first stage, the merging of circumscribed rectangles and the initial division of the block may be performed as follows:

t1, numbering the small rectangular blocks obtained by basic segmentation into numbers 1, 2, …, n, and initializing segmentation block number f as n; the basic rectangular set J and the partition block set F are all sets of n small rectangular blocks; the sequence number r of the preset direction layer number is 2;

t2, setting the sequence number x of the small rectangle to 1, setting the sequence number YF of the pre-segmentation block to 0, and setting the pre-segmentation block set YF as an empty set;

t3, for the x-th small rectangle, respectively performing merging attempt with r small rectangles with sequence numbers greater than x in the set J in the preset direction, if the combination can form a rectangle: YF is YF +1, and a circumscribed rectangle of all elements of the combination Hx is { x, x1, x2, … } is the YF (YF) th element of the pre-partition block set YF, and F and the partition block set F are updated similarly and synchronously;

t4, let x be x +1, if x > n, let the serial number c of the vertical layer number be 2 and jump to T5, otherwise, go to T3;

t5, let block number y equal to 1;

t6, for the y-th tile, respectively performing merging attempt in the vertical direction with c tiles with sequence numbers greater than y in the set YF, if the y-th tile can be combined to form a rectangle, F is F +1, and a circumscribed rectangle of a combination Hy of all elements of the combination { y, y1, y2, … } is the F-th element F (F) of the pre-divided tile set F;

t7, let y be y +1, jump to T8 if y > yf, otherwise, go to T6;

t8, c is equal to c +1, if c > the maximum value of the layer number in the vertical direction, turning to T9, otherwise, turning to T5;

t9, r is r +1, if r > the maximum value of the preset direction layer number, turning to T10, otherwise, turning to T2;

t10, finishing the initial partition of the block.

The maximum values of the number of layers in the preset direction and the number of layers in the vertical direction are respectively the maximum number of small rectangles in the preset direction and the vertical direction in the same row, and the small rectangles are sorted for preventing the small rectangles from being repeated with the existing combination; T5-T7 are because after the basic segmentation, if the number r of the basic rectangular blocks is the same when the blocks combined in the predetermined direction are combined in the vertical direction again, it is possible to combine larger rectangles.

Preferably, the preset direction is a single east-west or north-south direction, and the two directions are respectively operated independently, namely, all the directions are combined from the east-west direction at a time; then, the other time is combined from the north-south direction.

Referring to fig. 4A and 4B, the basic segmentation divides the target region into a plurality of small rectangles as shown in the right diagram of fig. 4A; these small rectangles are then numbered separately. Taking the small rectangle 1 as an example, in the initial partition of the subsequent block, the small rectangle No. 1 is combined with an adjacent rectangle in the east-west direction and the south-north direction, so as to obtain the large rectangle or block as shown in the left and right diagrams of fig. 4B. Referring to fig. 4D, after the block is initially divided, various combinations of small rectangular blocks in the target area are obtained, which is only one case shown in the figure.

Based on the segmented block set F, in the second stage, configuration matching and splicing deployment/deployment combination set generation are carried out on each block obtained by segmentation in the target area, so as to obtain the combined distribution of the rectangular blocks under various conditions, and prepare for final arrangement. Specifically, the treatment is carried out according to the following steps:

u1, making the configuration combination serial number G equal to 1, and making the configuration combination set G an empty set;

u2, performing combined enumeration on any two adjacent elements from the partition block set F, if the enumeration is completed, turning to U3, otherwise: if the two elements can form an L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped configuration shape, G is G +1, and the combination of the two elements together forms a configuration combination which is used as the G-th element Gg of the configuration combination set G;

u3, setting the pre-deployment combination serial number k to G, the deployment combination serial number B to 0, the pre-deployment combination set YB to G, and the deployment combination set B to be an empty set; the combined layer number c is 1;

u5, c is made to be c +1, if c is larger than n/2, U7 is skipped, otherwise U6 is turned;

u6, repeatedly combining each c non-intersecting configuration combination elements from the set G, each time updating k to k +1, and forming a pre-deployment combination element by the c configuration combination elements and the other elements left in the corresponding partition block set F in the target area after deducting the coverage of the c configuration combination elements, as the kth element YB (k) of the pre-deployment combination set YB; turning to U5;

u7, polling each element YB (k) of the pre-deployment combination set YB to each configuration combination element Gi in the pre-deployment combination set YB, and carrying out deployment combination processing based on configuration disassembly according to the structural characteristics of the element, as the following steps U8-U10; if the polling is finished, switching to U11;

u8, carrying out secondary segmentation on the element Gi according to the matching characteristics of the corresponding L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped configurations, and dividing the rectangle of the crossed part of the configuration to be used as a block to be combined;

u9, B +1, merging the blocks to be combined into large rectangular blocks in the north-south direction of element Gi range in the range of element yb (k), and taking the combination of the large rectangular blocks in the north-south direction, the remaining rectangular blocks in the Gi range after merging, and other partial rectangular blocks of yb (k) as the B-th element B (B) of deployment combination set B;

u10, replacing the north and south directions with the east and west directions, and repeating the step U9;

u11, configuration matching and splice deployment are finished.

Referring to the left drawing of FIG. 4D and FIG. 4E, blocks 4 and 5 in the left drawing of FIG. 4D are combined to form an L-configuration combined element according to steps U1-U6. Referring again to fig. 4E, the configuration combination (block 4+ block 5), and the remaining blocks 1, 2, and 3 together constitute a pre-deployment combination element. Referring again to FIG. 4E, for the pre-deployment combination element, the intersection is shown as the portion of block 51 shown shaded therein; therefore, in the subsequent splicing deployment, the combination of the block 51 and the block 4 and the combination of the block 51 and the block 52 respectively correspond to two different deployment combinations.

And a third stage: and the combination arrangement part is used for carrying out combination arrangement measurement and calculation on the basis of the elements of the deployment combination set B. Specifically, the treatment is carried out according to the following steps:

v1, setting the combined permutation measurement serial number k as 0, setting the combined permutation measurement set P as an empty set, and setting N as 1;

v2, for the B-th element B (B) of the deployment combination set B, sequentially sequencing and numbering all the corresponding rectangular blocks according to the area from large to small, and sequentially turning to V3 according to the sequence of the numbering from small to large to perform combined arrangement measurement and calculation;

v3, distributing an integer number of N rows of photovoltaic panels from south to north on the current rectangular block, and respectively calculating the position of each row of photovoltaic panels under the front-back spacing calculation formula and the length constraint condition of the photovoltaic panels;

judging the orientation relation between the rectangular block and the previous block, if the rectangular block is adjacent to the previous block, turning to V4, otherwise, turning to V5;

v4, calculating the distribution of the coverage range in the north-south direction of each row of photovoltaic panels in adjacent columns in the current rectangular block and the previous block through a coverage calculation part, calculating the single east-west distance of each two rows of adjacent photovoltaic panels with overlapped coverage ranges according to an east-west distance calculation formula, taking the maximum value as the east-west distance between the two adjacent rectangular blocks, and deducting the east-west distance from the east-west bandwidth of the rectangular block or the previous block;

v5, k is k +1, and the position distribution, namely the arrangement, of the photovoltaic panels of the current rectangular block is recorded and is used as the kth element P (k) of the arrangement measurement set P;

n is increased by 1, whether the length of the single photovoltaic panel reaches the lower length limit or not is judged, if yes, V6 is turned, and if not, V3 is turned;

v6, judging whether all elements in the set B are measured, if not, turning to V2, otherwise, finishing the measurement.

Based on the arrangement measuring and calculating set P, for each element, the arrangement optimization part counts the area of the photovoltaic panel of each rectangular block in the arrangement measuring and calculating set P; then, a combined arrangement in which the area sum of all the rectangular blocks is the largest is selected as the arrangement result.

Preferably, the deployment combination region dividing line corresponding to the arrangement result in the target region and the size and position of the photovoltaic panels in the combination arrangement are output through the output module in a graphic mode.

To simplify the process description without loss of generality, the layout optimization is performed with the actual roof shown in fig. 2A. Referring to fig. 5A, in the L-shaped target area, the available area I and the available area II form a horizontal bar block, the available area II and the available area III form a vertical bar block, and the intersection area of the two bar blocks, i.e., the available area II, is a rectangle to be combined. Thus, for the target area shown in fig. 2A, i.e., fig. 5A, in conjunction with fig. 5B, two deployment combinations are formed:

deployment combination 1: combining the usable area II and the usable area III to form a larger rectangle or rectangular block, wherein the remaining usable area I is a rectangular block;

deployment combination 2: the rectangle to be combined, namely the available area II and the available area I are combined to form a larger rectangle or rectangular block, and the rest available area III is a rectangular block independently.

Preferably, the combination, arrangement and calculation are performed, and as shown in the deployment combination 2 in fig. 5B, if adjacent rectangular areas in the deployment combination are distributed in a north-south manner, the shadow north end of the photovoltaic panel at the north end of the south rectangular area in the adjacent rectangular areas at the preset time is collinear with the south end of the photovoltaic panel at the south end of the north rectangular area.

Preferably, if the east-west length of the south-side rectangular block is greater than that of the north-side rectangular block, a trial alignment is added such that after aligning the north end of the north-most photovoltaic panel of the south-side alignment block with the north boundary of the block, the south end of the south-most photovoltaic panel of the north-side alignment block is aligned with the shaded north end of the north-most photovoltaic panel of the south-side alignment block.

Preferably, the combined arrangement is calculated, and if the number of rows of the photovoltaic panels arranged in parallel in south and north of each rectangular block to be arranged is N, the following steps are performed: as shown in fig. 5B with deployment combination 1, if the rectangular block to be arranged is located at the north-most end of the entire target area, it is required that,

(N-1). Total D + L. cos beta. is not more than D_NS，

Otherwise, as shown in the available area III of deployment group 2 in fig. 5B, if the rectangular block to be arranged is not the north-most end of the entire target area, it is required,

n total D is less than or equal to D_NS，

Wherein D is_NSThe length of the rectangular blocks to be arranged in the north-south direction is shown.

Referring to the deployment combination 1 in fig. 5B, if the adjacent rectangular regions in the deployment combination are distributed east-west, the rectangular region with smaller area or length in the north-south direction in the adjacent rectangular regions is in the direction of the other rectangular region, and the combined arrangement measurement in the rectangle is performed after the division is performed according to the length of the result obtained by the east-west distance calculation formula.

For deployment assembly 1 in fig. 5B, it can be seen that due to the lateral arrays of photovoltaic panels in the left and right, i.e., east and west, rectangular blocks, it is likely that not only do the starting points not lie on the same line, but the lengths of the photovoltaic panels on both sides will also be different. Therefore, in this case, shadow occlusion due to interleaving between east and west adjacent photovoltaic panels is also considered.

As shown in fig. 6, reference plate 323 is adjacent to two photovoltaic plates of plate 324 on east and west sides, wherein the east reference plate 323 is longer and the two photovoltaic plates have the same inclination. Without loss of generality, the different positions of contrast plates 324 are represented by three triangles in the figure. As can be seen in fig. 6, the shade height to which reference plate 323 translates is different when the pair of plates 324 are in different positions. Therefore, after experiments and researches, a graph is shown in fig. 7 to quantitatively calculate the influence range of the shadow of the reference photovoltaic panel on the adjacent dislocated photovoltaic panel.

In fig. 7, taking the photovoltaic panel with the starting point at the south-most end as the reference panel 323 and the other photovoltaic panel with east-west neighbors as the comparison panel 324, the maximum east-west distance calculation formula d can be obtained according to the light characteristics:

in the formula, L_maxIs the diagonal length of the reference plate. Preferably, to simplify the calculation, L_maxThe inclined length of the longer photovoltaic panel or the farthest photovoltaic panel from the north end of the target area is taken as the inclined length of the longer photovoltaic panel in the east-west adjacent two photovoltaic panels.

Referring to fig. 7, according to the principle diagram like triangles,

d＝|JQ|/|JP|·d_max，

wherein J is the south side reference plate starting point, Q is the adjacent north side plate starting point, and P is the farthest projection point of the reference plate.

Therefore, it is preferable to obtain a more optimal arrangement result by adjusting the calculation of the east-west spacing as well. The east-west spacing calculation formula is optimized as:

the method comprises the following steps that the farthest piece of the north end of each photovoltaic panel from the south end of a target area is used as a reference panel in two adjacent photovoltaic panels in east and west, and the distance D' between the south end of each panel and the south end of the reference panel is the distance between the south starting point of the adjacent comparison panel and the south starting point of the reference panel; d_maxThe highest point of the reference plate which is placed in an inclined mode is the projection length of the highest point of the reference plate in the east-west direction of the plane of the roof at a preset moment. Carry out the photovoltaic board according to this formula and arrange, can make the array more compact high-efficient.

As shown in an available area I of the deployment assembly 1 in fig. 5B, the total width of the rectangular photovoltaic panels to be arranged in the east-west direction, which have smaller length in the north-south direction, is:

D_EW＝D′_EW-d，

wherein, D'_EWThe geometric width of the rectangular blocks to be arranged in the east-west direction is shown.

In the combined arrangement measurement and calculation, for each rectangular block, trial calculation of the length of the photovoltaic panel is carried out according to each integer value according to the number of blocks in one row of the rectangular block based on the north-south distance of the rectangular block, the probability of distribution in the rectangular block is taken as one possibility, the length of the photovoltaic panel in the trial calculation combined arrangement is checked based on the shortest to longest length of the photovoltaic panel, and the total available area of the corresponding photovoltaic panel is calculated for the combined arrangement passing the check. Wherein each combination permutation corresponds to a distribution of each rectangular block in a deployment combination. And comparing the total area of the corresponding photovoltaic panels based on all the combined arrangements meeting the constraint conditions, and taking the combined arrangement corresponding to the maximum area as the final arrangement design and outputting.

According to the above arrangement processing steps, the combination arrangement calculation of the deployment group 1 and the deployment group 2 is performed in combination with the processing shown in fig. 2A and fig. 5A to 5D.

Geographical latitude based on Hangzhou city

The solar altitude angle h at the preset moment can be calculated to be 21 degrees, the azimuth angle A is 44.1 degrees, and the photovoltaic panel installation inclination angle beta is 27 degrees. In addition, the length L of the oblique edge of the single photovoltaic module is generally more than 1 meter, the width of the oblique edge of the single photovoltaic module is more than 0.5 meter, and Lsin beta is less than or equal to 2 under the influence of strong wind, so that L is less than or equal to 4.41 and is more than or equal to 1.

For the deployment combination 1, as shown in fig. 8, according to the constraint conditions, the lengths and the numbers of the photovoltaic panels on the left and right sides, i.e. the west east, are respectively set to be L1, N1, L2 and N2, and then,

left side: 1.7392N 1L 1-0.848L1 is less than or equal to 5.79, the left side width is 12689.39mm, and is marked as 12.69 m-d;

right side: 1.7392N 2L 2-0.848L2 ≤ 18.41, and the right side width 18059.64mm is recorded as 18.06 m.

As shown in fig. 5B, 5C, and 5D, when two rows of deployment combinations 1 are located on the east-west side, the coverage calculation unit 133 obtains the distribution of the coverage in the north-south direction of each row of photovoltaic panels through calculation, as shown in fig. 5C and 5D, where N1 is 3; then, according to the east-west distance calculation formula, the east-west distance value shown in fig. 8 when the combination 1 is deployed is obtained.

According to the front-back distance requirement, the vertical projection and northbound shadow area range data of each photovoltaic panel can be calculated when the number of the photovoltaic panels on the left side and the right side is different.

Right/east: (the maximum north-south length of the opposite side, i.e. the left side, is 5.79 meters)

N2 ═ 3L ≦ 4.213: north 1 vertical shade length: 4.213 × 0.891 ═ 3.754 m; covering 0-3.754 meters;

north 2: north end rear shadow length 4.213 × 0.848 ═ 3.573 m, 3.754+3.573 ═ 7.327 m, and is >5.79 m;

north 2 vertical shade length: 3.754 m, 7.327+3.754 m is 11.081 m, 7.327-11.081 m;

n2 ═ 4L ≤ 3.014: north 1 vertical shade length: 3.014 × 0.891 ═ 2.686 meters; covering 0-2.686 meters;

north 2: the length of the back shadow at the north end is 3.014 x 0.848-2.556 m, and 2.686+ 2.556-5.242 m;

north 2 vertical shade length: 2.686 m, 5.242+2.686 m 7.928 m, 5.242-7.928 m

Already >5.79 m;

n2 is 5L ≤ 2.346: north 1 vertical shade length: 2.346 × 0.891 ═ 2.090 m; covering 0-2.090 meters;

north 2: north end rear shadow length 2.346 × 0.848 ═ 1.989 m, 2.090+1.989 ═ 4.079 m;

north 2 vertical shade length: 2.090 m, 4.079+2.090 is 6.169 m, 4.079-6.169 m

Already >5.79 m;

left/west: (calculation of east-west separation after combination with Right-side pairing)

N1-2L ≤ 2.201: north 1 vertical shade length: 2.201 × 0.891 ═ 1.961 m; covering for 0-1.961 m;

north 2: north end back shadow length 2.201 x 0.848-1.867 m, 1.961+ 1.867-3.828 m,

north 2 vertical shade length: 1.961 m, 3.828+1.961 h 5.789 m, covering 3.828-5.79 m;

3L is less than or equal to 1.325: north 1 vertical shade length: 1.325 × 0.891 ═ 1.181 m; covering for 0-1.181 m

North 2: the length of the back shadow at the north end is 1.325 × 0.848-1.124 m, and 1.181+ 1.124-2.305 m;

north 2 vertical shade length: 1.181 m, 2.305+1.181 m 3.486 m, covering 2.305-3.486 m

North 3: the back shadow length at the north end is 1.124 m, 3.486+1.124 m is 4.610 m,

north 3 vertical shade length: 1.181 meters, 4.610+ 1.181-5.791 meters, and coverage of 4.610-5.79 meters.

And calculating the east-west distance based on the coverage range of each photovoltaic panel. Without loss of generality, only the combination of N1 ═ 2 and N2 ═ 3 is used as an example. For the top left block 1, combined with the right block 1, the south-to-reference south distance D' 3.754-1.961-1.793, the east-west distance D1.7392 can be calculated; for the left 2 nd block, D' 11.081-5.79 5.291, D2.51; the larger value is taken for the combination arrangement.

From the various calculations in fig. 8, it can be seen that when N1-2 and N2-3 are combined, the total area of the photovoltaic panel arrangement is at its maximum of 273.07 square meters.

For the deployment combination 2, as shown in fig. 9, according to the constraint conditions, the lengths and the numbers of the photovoltaic panels on the north side and the south side are respectively set as L1, N1, L2 and N2, and then,

the width of the north area composed of I + II is 30.75 m; independently formed south side region width of No. III was 18.06 m;

and (3) on the north side: 1.7392N 1L 1-0.848L1 is less than or equal to 5.79;

south side: 1.7392N 2L 2 is less than or equal to 12.62.

Wherein the number of photovoltaic panels does not affect the total effective length of the panel for the south side region. Under the arrangement combination, the maximum total area of the photovoltaic panel arrangement is as follows: 4.402 × 30.75+7.257 × 18.06 ═ 266.42 square meters.

Finally, the combination arrangement under the two deployments is compared, the optimal arrangement in the deployment combination 1 is taken as the arrangement result, and the layout and the plan of the arrangement are shown in fig. 10.

The photovoltaic module, namely the solar cell panel, is formed by combining solar cells or solar cells with different specifications cut by a laser cutting machine/a steel wire cutting machine. The solar cell is the most basic element for directly converting sunlight into electric energy, a single sheet of a single solar cell is a PN junction, the working voltage is about 0.5V, and the working current is about 20-25 mA/cm². Due to single pieceThe current and voltage of the solar cell are very small, and how many photovoltaic modules are needed in a photovoltaic array and how the modules are connected is related to the required voltage, current and parameters of each module. After connection, the current-voltage characteristics of each cell plate size are that the series voltage is added, and the current is unchanged; and if the voltage is not changed in parallel connection, the currents are added. Therefore, after the arrangement design of the photovoltaic panel is obtained, the photovoltaic panel can be customized as preferable, high voltage is obtained by series connection, high current is obtained by parallel connection and then output, and the current feedback is prevented by a diode; then, the assembly is packaged on a stainless steel, aluminum or other non-metal frame, the glass on the frame and the back plate on the back are well installed, nitrogen is filled in the frame, and the frame is sealed.

Preferably, in the photovoltaic panel customization, when the lengths or widths of the photovoltaic panels are inconsistent, a corresponding length is selected from common divisor thereof according to the dimension in one direction, such as the length or the width, so as to determine a reference voltage, and then different photovoltaic panels are connected in parallel through current, so as to realize the connection of the photovoltaic array.

Example 2

Without loss of generality, analysis and comparison show that after the blocks are divided, the large rectangular blocks are split into a plurality of small rectangular blocks, photovoltaic panel arrangement is carried out respectively, and the utilization efficiency of the large rectangular blocks is generally higher.

Therefore, unlike embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the block dividing unit does not divide the target region into too small pieces when performing the basic division, but divides the large rectangular blocks from the inner characteristic corner points thereof according to the structural characteristics of the target region.

Specifically, on the boundary of the target area, taking concave corner points of an internal boundary as starting points to respectively make extension lines inside the target area along the east-west direction and the south-north direction until the extension lines intersect with the boundary, dividing the target area into a plurality of basic rectangular blocks and combining the basic rectangular blocks into a basic rectangular set; then, the basic rectangular sets obtained after extension lines are made in two directions are respectively merged to form a segmentation block set. The concave corner points can be judged according to the following rule, namely more than half of a rectangle taking the concave corner points as the center is positioned in the target area.

For ease of understanding, taking the target area of fig. 4A as an example, a search is performed around its boundary to obtain all corner points and identify and record all reentrant corner points, as shown in fig. 4C. Convex angle points on south-north and east-west end boundaries are not marked, and the convex angle points are marked by circles and the concave angle points are marked by diamonds in the marking process.

Taking the found concave corner point as a starting point, and taking extension lines in the north-south direction and the east-west direction respectively as a left image and a right image of fig. 4D until the left image and the right image are intersected with the boundary, and dividing the target area into a plurality of large rectangular blocks; the rectangular blocks shown in the two figures collectively constitute a split block set F. In addition, as shown in fig. 4F, the search around the target area boundary includes all the external and internal boundaries.

The above division processing also corresponds to the step T3, in which when a merging attempt is made for a small rectangle in the merging process of circumscribed rectangles, a merged rectangle other than the largest rectangle that can be merged in the front direction is removed, that is, is not recorded. This greatly reduces the number of partitioned blocks. Taking the right inner block 3 in fig. 4D as an example, as shown in fig. 4A, it is equivalent to removing many miscellaneous and small combinations such as the basic rectangles 2 and 4, 4 and 6, 9 and 10, and thus greatly saving the amount of computation.

Meanwhile, as shown in the left diagram of fig. 4D, the blocks 1 and 2 will form L-configuration matching or L-configuration combination in the following matching, and the intersection region formed by the combination of the basic rectangles 3 and 4 in the pre-deployment combination is classified into the block 1 to form the circumscribed rectangles of the basic rectangles 1-4, so that the situation that the larger rectangle is not included in the simplified segmentation can be completely compensated, and the preferred combination is not missed.

In addition, in the embodiment, the measuring unit adopts a stereoscopic vision collecting unit, the stereoscopic vision collecting unit adopts binocular vision or a combination of structured light and a video camera to obtain a roof depth map, and space coordinate information of each point in the depth map is obtained through known camera parameters and coordinate transformation; and geometrical data of roof planes and structures are acquired through image processing.

The three-dimensional calculation module extracts a roof structure from the image by utilizing image threshold segmentation, takes a flat area of a roof main body as a target area for photovoltaic panel arrangement, extracts the length, width and height of the structure on the south periphery of the area based on space coordinate information, and identifies the orientation of the structure under a roof reference coordinate system.

Preferably, under a reference coordinate system, taking a pixel point set of which the height direction coordinate value is within a threshold value range as a target area; preferably, a region growing method is used, starting from a preset seed pixel point, to search for and obtain the main body flat region with the largest area, and the main body flat region is used as a target region for photovoltaic panel arrangement.

Example 3:

referring to fig. 11, the present embodiment provides a method for optimizing arrangement of irregular roof photovoltaic panels of a complex building, which includes the following steps:

s1, determining the structure of the target area to be arranged on the roof, including the size and the position of the boundary line segment; determining evaluation criteria of photovoltaic panel arrangement, including parameters such as a photovoltaic panel installation inclination angle, a preset time during sunlight projection calculation and the like, and calculation formulas of front and back distances and east-west distances which are not shielded between adjacent photovoltaic panels;

s2, searching all corner points on the boundary of the region according to the structure of the target region, and screening out all reentrant corner points according to the concavity and convexity of the corner points to combine into a reentrant corner point set A;

s3, block division:

s31, for each concave corner point in the set A, making an extension line towards the inner side of the target area by the corresponding north-south internal boundary until the concave corner point intersects with the boundary, dividing the target area into a plurality of rectangular blocks by the extension lines and the boundary, numbering the rectangular blocks from small to large according to a preset sequence, and forming a divided block set F by all the divided block sets;

s32, after the north-south direction is changed into the east-west direction, the segmentation in the step S31 is repeated, the obtained rectangular blocks are numbered continuously, and then the rectangular blocks are added into the segmentation block set F;

s4, configuration matching: matching and judging the shape of any two adjacent blocks in the divided block set F after combination with the L shape, the T shape or the cross shape, and recording the combination if the two adjacent blocks are matched; repeating the above processes until a new configuration can not be matched, and combining all records to form a configuration combination set G;

s5, generating a deployment combination set:

s51, combining any mutually disjoint matching configuration sub-elements in the configuration combination set G to form pre-combination elements, dividing all elements and all pre-combination elements in the configuration combination set G and rectangular block elements in a block set F in a complementary set range of a target area corresponding to the elements respectively to form a pre-deployment combination element together, and forming a pre-deployment combination set YB by the pre-deployment combination elements;

s52, for each pre-deployment combination element, because each configuration sub-element inside the pre-deployment combination element is classified into two deployments of a south-north direction rectangular block or an east-west direction rectangular block corresponding to the intersection region, if there are u configuration sub-elements in the pre-deployment combination element, 2 will be formed according to the classification direction difference of the u configuration sub-elements^uAnd each different deployment record is taken as a deployment combination element, and a deployment combination set is generated.

S6, for each element in the deployment combination set, based on the size and adjacency relation of each rectangular block corresponding to the element and the evaluation standard, carrying out combination arrangement measurement and calculation of the photovoltaic arrays in each rectangular block, recording the arrangement area of the photovoltaic panel when each rectangular block is in combination arrangement, and arranging the rectangular blocks in the combination arrangement with the largest arrangement area in the rectangular blocks;

and counting the total area corresponding to each element, and preferably selecting the distribution of the rectangular blocks corresponding to the elements with the maximum total area and the arrangement of the photovoltaic arrays in the rectangular blocks as the arrangement optimization result.

Preferably, the step S51 adopts the following processing:

YB1, numbering the configuration sub-elements in the configuration combination set G from small to large;

YB2, using any configuration sub-element in the configuration combination set G as a first layer configuration node, searching all other configuration sub-elements which have no intersection with the configuration combination set G and are numbered more than the configuration sub-elements and forming an auxiliary set; selecting one configuration sub-element from the auxiliary set again as a second-layer configuration node, searching all other configuration sub-elements which are not intersected with the configuration sub-element in the auxiliary set and have larger numbers than the configuration sub-element in the auxiliary set, and forming the configuration sub-elements into an updated auxiliary set; continuing the selection and search recursion process until the auxiliary set has no configurational child elements; all the combinations of the layer configuration nodes obtained by each recursion from the first layer node, the first second layer node combination, … … to the first to the last layer node and the rectangular block elements in the partition block set F in the complementary set range respectively corresponding to the target area form a pre-deployment combination together.

Preferably, the subsequent steps are performed independently in two cases, i.e., in the east-west direction or in the north-south direction from the start of block division, from the start of generation of the divided block set F.

Preferably, the block segmentation, the configuration matching and the deployment combination set generation, the combined arrangement measurement, the statistics and the optimization are respectively realized by a block segmentation part, a configuration matching part, a combined arrangement part and an arrangement optimization part in the arrangement optimization module.

Example 4

In distinction to the above embodiments, in this embodiment, the building roof is in the form of a pitched roof. In order to optimize the arrangement of the photovoltaic panels on the pitched roof, the arrangement process needs to be adjusted on the basis of obtaining a three-dimensional model by three-dimensional measurement of the structure and the roof.

First, assuming that the inclination angle of the target roof slope P1 is α, it is projected onto a horizontal plane P2;

secondly, taking the projected area on the horizontal plane P2 as a distribution target area after deducting each structure area on the perimeter and subjected to shadow projection expansion at a preset moment, and performing distribution optimization on the photovoltaic panel to obtain a distribution result; the height of the starting point of the photovoltaic panel in the arrangement is based on the height of the photovoltaic panel bracket at the south boundary of the target area;

finally, according to the arrangement result, on the roof slope P1, the photovoltaic panels are arranged on the slope roof face at a north-south distance dd/cos α, wherein dd is the distance between the photovoltaic panels in the front and rear rows in the arrangement result, and the installation inclination angle θ between the photovoltaic panels and the slope roof is β - α.

The invention is applied to carry out the arrangement planning of the roof photovoltaic panel, based on a three-dimensional model of the roof structure, the sheltering range of the structure at the preset moment and rectangular photovoltaic panels placed in the north and south directions is calculated according to the sunlight irradiation characteristics, the range of each structure on the periphery after shadow expansion is deducted from the target plane of the roof to obtain the target area of the arranged photovoltaic panel, the irregular target area is divided by heuristic blocks, matched by L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped configurations and the like, then the rectangles to be combined at the intersection are searched, then the rectangles and the adjacent rectangles are respectively combined to form different deployment combinations, the combined arrangement of the photovoltaic panels is calculated and calculated by taking each available rectangle in the combination as a unit aiming at each deployment combination, the azimuth characteristics of each rectangle in the deployment combination and the calculation formula of the front-back spacing and the east-west spacing of the photovoltaic panels are used as the basis, and finally, in all the combination arrangements, and the arrangement with the largest available area of the photovoltaic panels is taken as a result and output, so that the optimal arrangement of the photovoltaic panels on the roof of the building with the complex structure is realized.

While the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, these embodiments are presented as examples and do not limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments may be implemented in other various ways, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are also included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalent scope thereof.

Claims (9)

1. Irregular roof photovoltaic board system of arranging of complex building, it includes: a user interface unit, a measurement unit and a host unit,

the measuring unit is used for performing all-directional three-dimensional measurement on the roof to obtain a three-dimensional model of the roof,

the host unit is respectively connected with the user interface unit and the measuring unit;

the host unit includes an event processing module, a three-dimensional computing module, an interference processing module, an arrangement optimizing module, an input module, and an output module, and is configured to:

the three-dimensional calculation module calculates and acquires three-dimensional size and orientation data of each structure of the roof; the method comprises the steps that an interference processing module calculates a shadow shielding area of a structure under sunlight irradiation at a preset moment, a non-rectangular irregular target area of a roof for deploying photovoltaic panels is obtained after the shielding area is deducted, and aiming at the target area, a configuration optimization module firstly obtains calculation formulas of the front-back spacing and the east-west spacing of a photovoltaic panel array under the constraint of a preset inclination angle, wherein the adjacent photovoltaic panels are not shielded at the preset moment;

in the target area, basic division is performed by dividing the target area into a plurality of basic rectangles by straight lines in the north-south and east-west directions, then the basic rectangles are merged according to a boundary range according to an external rectangle, then various rectangle combinations which are not crossed and cover all the target areas together are enumerated in the target area range, for each enumerated combination, each rectangle in the interior is calculated according to the adjacent direction, the acquired front-back distance and east-west distance, and the combined arrangement and measurement of the photovoltaic panel array are respectively performed under the length constraint condition of the photovoltaic panel; and finally, taking the combination arrangement with the largest photovoltaic panel area in each combination as a configuration result, and outputting the configuration result through an output module.

2. The complex building irregular roof photovoltaic panel assignment system of claim 1, wherein the assignment optimization module includes a block partitioning section, a configuration matching section, a combination assignment section, and an assignment preference section, the host unit further configured to:

when the block dividing part carries out the basic division, on the boundary of the target area, the concave corner point of the internal boundary is used as a starting point, extension lines are respectively made in the target area along the east-west direction and the south-north direction until the extension lines intersect with the boundary, the target area is divided into a plurality of basic rectangular blocks and combined into a basic rectangular set, and the obtained basic rectangular set elements are combined to generate a divided block set.

3. The complex building irregular roof photovoltaic panel routing system of claim 2, wherein the host unit is further configured to:

the configuration matching part performs matching attempt on any two adjacent blocks in the divided block set, and records the matching if the two adjacent blocks can be combined to form L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped configurations; repeating the above processes until a new configuration can not be matched, and matching all records to form a configuration combination set;

then, continuing to pre-deploy and combine any mutually disjoint matching configuration sub-elements in the configuration combination set, and combining all elements in the configuration combination set and all pre-deployment combination elements into a pre-deployment combination set,

updating the pre-deployment combination set, and for each element, supplementing the rectangular block corresponding to the range difference into the element from the basic rectangular set or the partition block set according to the difference between the target area and the coverage range of the target area;

and expanding the configuration combination set on the basis of the pre-deployment combination set, wherein each configuration sub-element in each element corresponds to two deployments of a rectangular block for classifying the configuration cross region into a north-south direction or an east-west direction, each different deployment record is a deployment combination element, after the configuration cross region is classified into one direction, the classified rectangle and the rest rectangle of the configuration jointly replace two adjacent blocks recorded in the configuration sub-element, and the deployment combination set is formed after the deployment combination set is expanded.

4. The complex building irregular roof photovoltaic panel routing system of claim 3, wherein the host unit is further configured to:

the combined arrangement part is used for carrying out combined arrangement measurement and calculation on the photovoltaic arrays in each rectangular block according to the range and the azimuth relation of the rectangular block corresponding to each sub-element in the element aiming at each element in the deployment combination set, recording the arrangement area of the photovoltaic panel when each rectangular block is combined and arranged, and arranging the rectangular blocks according to the combined arrangement with the largest arrangement area in the rectangular blocks;

the arrangement optimization part counts the sum of the arrangement areas of the rectangular blocks contained in each element in the arrangement combination set, and the photovoltaic arrays in the full range of the target area corresponding to the element with the largest area are arranged as the arrangement result.

5. The complex building irregular roof photovoltaic panel assignment system of claim 4, wherein the assignment optimization module includes further comprising a coverage calculation section, the host unit further configured to:

when the combined arrangement measurement and calculation are carried out on the rectangular blocks with adjacent rectangles in the east-west direction, the coverage calculation part respectively calculates the vertical projection range of each photovoltaic panel and the north projection range under the illumination of the photovoltaic panel at the preset moment when the number of the arranged blocks of the photovoltaic panel arrays in two adjacent rows of two adjacent rectangular blocks is respectively set, and the sum of the two ranges is used as the coverage range of the photovoltaic panel arrays,

and when the coverage areas of two photovoltaic panels in two adjacent photovoltaic panel arrays are crossed, calculating the east-west distance:

wherein the preset time is 9 hours or 15 hours of winter solstice day, L_maxThe solar azimuth angle is the inclined length of the farthest block of the north end of the east-west adjacent two photovoltaic panels from the south end of the target area

Altitude angle of the sun

Beta is the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel,

is the local latitude.

6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combined arrangement measure is that for each rectangular block to be arranged, the number of the parallel arranged photovoltaic panels in north and south directions is N, then:

if the rectangular block to be arranged is positioned at the most north end of the whole target area, according to the requirement,

(N-1). Total D + L. cos beta. is not more than D_NS，

Otherwise, if the rectangular block to be arranged is not the north-most end of the whole target area, requesting,

n total D is less than or equal to D_NS，

Wherein D is_NSThe length of the rectangular blocks to be arranged in the north-south direction is shown.

7. The system for arranging the photovoltaic panels on the irregular roofs of the complex buildings according to claim 1, wherein the measuring unit is a three-dimensional laser scanning unit, the three-dimensional laser scanning unit performs segmentation processing after scanning to obtain cloud data of the roofs, divides the cloud data into different surface patch areas, and constructs a three-dimensional model comprising the roofs of the structures in the form of points, lines and polygons;

the three-dimensional calculation module calculates the geometric dimension of the structure by taking the actual dimension of the marker on the platform and the proportion of the pixel number of the marker in the three-dimensional model picture as the conversion proportion of the three-dimensional model measurement, calculates the three-dimensional dimensions of the length, the width and the height of the structure on the east, the west and the south peripheries of the region on the basis of the flat region of the roof main body, and identifies the orientation of the structure under the reference coordinate system of the region.

8. The arrangement system of the irregular roof photovoltaic panels of the complex building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measuring unit is a stereoscopic vision collecting unit, the stereoscopic vision collecting unit adopts binocular vision or a combination of structured light and a video camera to obtain a roof depth map, and also obtains spatial coordinate information of each point in the depth map through known camera parameters and coordinate transformation;

the three-dimensional calculation module extracts a roof structure from an image by utilizing image threshold segmentation, extracts the length, width and height of the structure on the south periphery of the area based on space coordinate information on the basis of a flat area of a roof main body, and identifies the direction of the structure under a reference coordinate system of the area.

9. The method for optimizing the arrangement of the irregular roof photovoltaic panels of the complex building comprises the following steps:

s1, determining the structure of the target area to be arranged on the roof, including the size and the position of the boundary line segment; determining evaluation criteria of photovoltaic panel arrangement, including parameters such as a photovoltaic panel installation inclination angle, a preset time during sunlight projection calculation and the like, and calculation formulas of front and back distances and east-west distances which are not shielded between adjacent photovoltaic panels;

s2, searching all corner points on the boundary of the region according to the structure of the target region, and screening out all reentrant corner points according to the concavity and convexity of the corner points to combine into a reentrant corner point set A;

s3, block division:

s31, for each concave corner point in the set A, making an extension line towards the inner side of the target area by the corresponding north-south internal boundary until the concave corner point intersects with the boundary, dividing the target area into a plurality of rectangular blocks by the extension lines and the boundary, numbering the rectangular blocks from small to large according to a preset sequence, and forming a divided block set F by all the divided block sets;

s32, after the north-south direction is changed into the east-west direction, the segmentation in the step S31 is repeated, the obtained rectangular blocks are numbered continuously, and then the rectangular blocks are added into the segmentation block set F;

s4, configuration matching: matching and judging the shape of any two adjacent blocks in the divided block set F after combination with the L shape, the T shape or the cross shape, and recording the combination if the two adjacent blocks are matched; repeating the above processes until a new configuration can not be matched, and combining all records to form a configuration combination set G;

s5, generating a deployment combination set:

s51, combining any mutually disjoint matching configuration sub-elements in the configuration combination set G to form pre-combination elements, dividing all elements and all pre-combination elements in the configuration combination set G and rectangular block elements in a block set F in a complementary set range of a target area corresponding to the elements respectively to form a pre-deployment combination element together, and forming a pre-deployment combination set YB by the pre-deployment combination elements;

s52, for each pre-deployment combination element, because each configuration sub-element inside the pre-deployment combination element is classified into two deployments of a south-north direction rectangular block or an east-west direction rectangular block corresponding to the intersection region, if there are u configuration sub-elements in the pre-deployment combination element, 2 will be formed according to the classification direction difference of the u configuration sub-elements^uAnd each different deployment record is taken as a deployment combination element, and a deployment combination set is generated.

S6, for each element in the deployment combination set, based on the size and adjacency relation of each rectangular block corresponding to the element and the evaluation standard, carrying out combination arrangement measurement and calculation of the photovoltaic arrays in each rectangular block, recording the arrangement area of the photovoltaic panel when each rectangular block is in combination arrangement, and arranging the rectangular blocks in the combination arrangement with the largest arrangement area in the rectangular blocks;

and counting the total area corresponding to each element, and preferably selecting the distribution of the rectangular blocks corresponding to the elements with the maximum total area and the arrangement of the photovoltaic arrays in the rectangular blocks as the arrangement optimization result.

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