CN105258385A - Cooling and heating machine and applications thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cooling and heating machine and applications thereof and belongs to the field of thermal engineering. The applications of the cooling and heating machine comprise 53 programs and are divided into four categories. The first category is novel refrigeration; refrigerating energy consumption is low, and a large number of air conditioners, refrigerators and chillers which can save electricity can be manufactured; zero emission of CO2 can be achieved for factories, and the climate warming crisis can be effectively avoided. The second category is novel engines; cost of automobiles is low, oil is saved, the carrying capacity of all vehicles is improved, an automobile and an air plane are integrated, vertical take-off and landing of a passenger plane are achieved, an aerospace plane can be manufactured, and great improvement of air-sea-land transportation is achieved. The third category is novel energy source techniques; a tower type sodium slow-cooling neutron breeder reactor, deuterium-tritium collision nuclear fusion, an energy-saving heat power station capable of achieving zero emission of harmful gas, hydrogen and oxygen preparation through vapor electrolysis, manual manufacturing for natural gas and the like are achieved, and the energy crisis of people is effectively avoided. The fourth category is a low-energy-consumption technique; cost of main products such as steel, fertilizer and cement are greatly reduced; a rice-gruel integrated pot is going to be the best cooking utensil for people. If the cooling and heating machine and the applications thereof succeed, the Carnot theorem and the second law of thermodynamics can be overturned.

Description

Cooling and heating machine and application thereof

Each for Pyrology machine improves by this programme, and be referred to as cooling and heating machine after the replacement, it meets the first law of thermodynamics, does not meet the second law of thermodynamics and Carnot's theorem, will win the affirmative of the whole mankind.It is not only energy-conservation, and factory CO ₂zero-emission, will prevent climate warming, and deuterium-tritium head-on collision nuclear fusion will be successful, prevents energy crisis from will make major contribution.This programme divides two parts: one, cooling and heating machine and application first scheme thereof; Two, cooling and heating machine and application alternative plan thereof.

(1) cooling and heating machine and application first scheme thereof.

One, new-type refrigeration machine and application thereof.

This refrigeration machine is diffusion absorption refrigerating machine, stops all noxious materials and makes working medium, and ammonia is not spendable working medium.The vaporization of this refrigerant liquid does not reduce pressure and carries out, but diffusant enters the vaporizer of refrigerating fluid, because diffusing into, dividing potential drop reduces cold-producing medium, be equivalent to reduction vaporization and freeze, absorbent absorption refrigeration agent and diffusant is separated, absorb through heating cold-producing medium to be desorbed from absorbent and to congeal into liquid from gas cold through cooling refrigeration agent, so circulate.

This refrigeration machine has Four types: (one) R134a refrigeration machine.R134a makees cold-producing medium, and water makees absorbent, and hydrogen makes diffusant, and system pressure adopts the critical pressure 3.94MPa of R134a, the actual critical-temperature 106 DEG C adopting 4.0MPa, R134a; (2) dimethyl ether cold.Dimethyl ether makes cold-producing medium, and water makes absorbent, and hydrogen makes diffusant, and system pressure adopts the critical pressure 5.32MPa of dimethyl ether, actual employing 5.5MPa, dimethyl ether critical-temperature 128.8 DEG C; (3) CO ₂refrigeration machine.CO ₂make cold-producing medium, water makes absorbent, and air makes diffusant, and system pressure adopts CO ₂critical pressure 7.372MPa, actual adopt 7.5MPa, CO ₂critical-temperature 31.1 DEG C; (4) methane cryogenic refrigeration machine.Methane is cold-producing medium, and ethanol is absorbent, and hydrogen is diffusant, the critical pressure 4.638MPa of system pressure system methane, and practical operation is 5MPa, and methane critical-temperature is-82.5 DEG C, and the practical application of above-mentioned refrigeration machine is as follows:

1, R134a refrigeration, air-conditioning, refrigerator, boiling water three close machine.

Fig. 1 R134a freezes, and air-conditioning, refrigerator, boiling water three close machine schematic diagram: 1-boiling water basin; 2-electric heater; 3-float chamber; 4-water cooler; 5-R134a basin; 6-hydrogen basin; 7-cool room; 8-large discharge magnetic valve; 9-low-flow electromagnetic valve; 10-gas-liquid separator; 11-boiling water generator; 12-absorption tower; 13-temperature control electromagnetic; 14-boiler; 15-electromagnetic oven; 16-overflow pipe; 17-coiled pipe; 18-cold air check valve; 19-heating installation check valve; 20-heat exchanger; 21-boiler; 22-electromagnetic oven; 23-valve; 24-fan; 25-electromagnetic oven; The two-door dividing plate of 26-.

This model machine can be formed by the transformation of present refrigerator, and namely current refrigerator increases 1/2nd; / 2nd of a broadening refrigerator of the right and left, warming machine portion is removable transport to house after assemble, the boiled water tank at top is also then assembled.This is two-door refrigerator, and top is refrigerating chamber, and bottom is refrigerating chamber, and the back side is across one piece of iron plate, be then cold air cool room after iron plate, during refrigeration gas, electric fan is opened, and 26 Unidirectional solenoid valves are opened, wind enters coiled pipe place between iron plate, after absorbing cold, is opened, cold air is sent into bedroom by 18 check valves.

After equipment installs by figure, carry out system and vacuumize, then logical upper running water, after water is filled, float jack-up stops water inlet.Hydrogen sump pressure is 4MP, and 25 magnetic valves are opened, and allows hydrogen be full of system space, and pressure is reduced to more than 3MP; Refrigeration start allows 9 magnetic valves open, and liquid R134a flows into 7 cool rooms, and under hydrogen trap, liquid R134a evaporates gasification refrigeration, and the heavier R134a of proportion declines along coiled pipe, and the refrigerating chamber before iron plate obtains low temperature; The refrigerating chamber of Xiamen also obtains cold.Air within iron plate, by 24 fan fan-ins, obtains cold and becomes cold air, opened by 18 check valve magnetic valves, send into bedroom.Refrigerant R134a and diffusant hydrogen decline along coiled pipe, finally enter 12 absorption towers, and by water layer, absorbed, hydrogen is not risen by absorbing, and enters hydrogen basin.12 absorption tower water layers increase, and are flowed in 14 boilers by 15 electromagnetic oven heating by 16 overflow pipes; Heating-up temperature 150 DEG C, hot water is cooled by the cold water between managing, and cold water enters the shower nozzle ejection on absorption tower, for absorbing the gas R134a in R134a10 gas-liquid separator, entering 4 water coolers, under the cooling of carbonated drink, becoming liquid, enter 5R134a basin.When running water enters 4 steam devices, under the cooling of cold water, become 11 boiling water and occur to generate boiling water, when temperature reaches 100 DEG C, 13 temperature control electromagnetic are opened, and boiling water is inputted in 1 boiling water basin; Now 4 water cooler water are toward declining, and float declines, and makes running water automatically enter water cooler.

When winter, start heating installation switch, 25 Unidirectional solenoid valves are opened, and 22 electromagnetic ovens are opened, and the water of boiler is heated to 100 DEG C, and steam rises along tubulation, the air heat between pipe 70 DEG C, opened, heating installation is sent into bedroom by 19 Unidirectional solenoid valves.

2, dimethyl ether refrigeration, air-conditioning, refrigerator, boiling water three close machine, and above-mentioned R134a freezes, and the principle that air-conditioning, refrigerator, boiling water three close machine is consistent, no longer repeats.

3, CO ₂refrigeration, central air-conditioning, boiling water two close machine.

Fig. 2 CO ₂refrigeration, central air-conditioning, boiling water two close machine schematic diagram: 1-boiling water basin; 2-electric heater; 3-float chamber; 4-CO ₂condenser; 5-CO ₂basin; 6-air reservoir; 7-cool room; 8-magnetic valve; 9-jet pump; 10-gas-liquid separator; 11-boiling water generator; 12-absorption tower; 13-temperature control electromagnetic; 14-boiler; 15-electromagnetic oven; 16-overflow pipe; 17-cool exchanger; 18-cold air check valve; 19-heating installation check valve; 20-heat exchanger; 21-boiler; 22-electromagnetic oven; 23-water cooler; 24-filler; 25-air blast; CO ₂refrigerating capacity is very large, is applicable to central air-conditioning refrigeration.CO ₂refrigeration central air-conditioner, boiling water two close the air-conditioning that machine is applicable to hospital, supermarket Deng great unit.Equipment is pressed Fig. 2 and is installed, and then system vacuumizes, and injects running water.6 air reservoir pressure 7.5MP, are first filled with system, and 6 air reservoir pressure reduce to 6MP, and when cooling, 8 magnetic valves are opened, 5CO ₂liquid enters 9 suction air, and the sweat cooling because of diffusion declines along 17 cool exchangers, enters 4CO ₂condenser, the CO in pipe ₂be condensed into liquid, refrigerant gas enters 12 absorption towers, CO ₂be only absorbed by the water, the air be not only absorbed by the water, enter 6 air reservoirs.Absorbing liquid is entered in 14 boilers by 16 overflow pipes and heats; Absorbing liquid is through the CO of 15 electromagnetic oven heating heating ₂desorb, CO ₂gas and hot water rise along tubulation, and the hot water heating between pipe is become boiling water, and 13 temperature control electromagnetic are opened, and boiling water is sent into 1 boiling water basin; The water level decreasing of 23 water coolers, makes running water enter 23 water coolers.

10 gas-liquid separators make CO ₂be separated with water, the water on card enters the shower nozzle on 12 absorption towers by conduit, spray and under, in 24 fillers, rise CO ₂absorb into solution.25 air blasts, blast 17 cool exchangers air, and air is made-30 DEG C, cold air, by 18 Unidirectional solenoid valves, cold air are sent into cold air on-the-spot, jet.Heating system is started during winter, 27 magnetic valves are opened, 25 air blasts blast air between the pipe of 17 heat exchangers, 22 electromagnetic ovens start, water in 21 boilers is warming up to 100 DEG C, steam along on the tubulation of heat exchanger, the air heat to 60 between pipe DEG C, 18 Unidirectional solenoid valves are opened, and heating installation are sent into heating installation scene jet.

4, methane refrigerant, new-type making oxygen by air separation technique.

Current making oxygen by air separation, power consumption is very large, and reason is that air need be compressed to 20MPa; This technology utilization methane refrigerant, obtains the low temperature of about-140 DEG C, and cooling-air can to less than-100 DEG C, so air need not be compressed to 20MPa, only need compressed air to low pressure, oxygen power consumption is little.

Fig. 3 methane refrigerant, new-type making oxygen by air separation process schematic representation: 1-air compressor; 2-freezer unit; 3-freezer unit; 4-methane cooler; 5-jet pump; 6-hydrogen basin; 7-methane basin; 8-gas-liquid separator; 9-cool exchanger; 10-boiler; 11-electromagnetic oven; 12-overflow pipe; 13-filler; 14-absorption tower; 15-freezer unit; 16-double rectification column; 17-choke valve; 18-choke valve; 19-heater; 20-ethanol inlet valve; 21-magnetic valve; 22-magnetic valve; 23-heat exchanger; 24-liquid nitrogen tank.

Technological process: 1 air compressor shortens air pressure into low pressure, enters the water in 2 freezer unit removing air and carbon dioxide; Enter between 4 methane refrigerant organ pipes.Methane refrigerant is methane refrigerant ethanol is absorbent, and hydrogen is diffusant, and operating pressure is 5MPa, ethanol is added, till making boiler be full of ethanol from 20 ethanol inlet valves, system vacuumizes, and opens 21 magnetic valves, and allow the hydrogen of 5MPa pressure be full of whole system, the pressure of hydrogen basin reduces to 3MPa, during refrigeration, open 22 magnetic valves and enter 5 jet pumps by the liquid methane of 5MPa, suck hydrogen, enter cool room together, because the diffusion liquid methane of hydrogen is evaporated to gas refrigeration, temperature reaches about-140 DEG C, refrigerant gas along tubulation under, low-pressure air between freezing pipe is to less than-120 DEG C, enter heater at the bottom of 16 double rectification columns, choke valve 18 leaves, decompression enters in tower, low-pressure air temperature reaches-172 DEG C and becomes liquia air, hydrogen in air rises between the pipe of 23 heat exchangers, oxygen in pipe is turned cold by evaporating, gas nitrogen is made to become liquid nitrogen storage in 24 liquid nitrogen tanks.By 17 choke valves, liquid nitrogen decompression becomes pure nitrogen gas for the further rectifying of normal pressure.Methane refrigerant gas enters 9 cool exchangers, then enters 14 absorption towers, and methane is absorbed non-absorbent hydrogen by ethanol, rises to 6 hydrogen tanks.Ethanolic solution, by 12 overflow pipes, enters 10 boilers, and under the heating of 11 electromagnetic ovens, solution rises, and methane is desorb from ethanol, and gas-liquid enters 8 gas-liquid separators and is separated.Liquid ethanol enters the shower nozzle ejection on 14 absorption towers, methane adsorption in 13 fillers by overflow pipe.Gases methane enters 15 freezer units, is frozen into liquid enters 7 methane basins by the oxygen that sky branches away.

The new-type making oxygen by air separation of above-mentioned methane refrigerant, makes oxygen power consumption significantly reduce nitrogen fertilizer industry, and steel and iron industry thermal power generation industry improves has effect greatly.

5, the cold new technology of nitrogenous fertilizer, low-temperature rectisol CO ₂and H ₂s and liquid methane washing carbon monoxide; Cryogenic separation ammonia; Chilled air cools granulating urea.

Fig. 4 low-temperature rectisol CO ₂and H ₂s, CO process schematic representation washed by liquid methane: 1-cooler; 2-scrubbing tower; 3-heater; 4-gas-liquid separator; 5-gas-liquid separator; 6-cooler; 7-choke valve; 8-methanol pump; 9-methane pump; 10-freezer unit; 11-pressure-reducing valve; 12-overflow pipe; 13-methane wash column; 14-overflow pipe.

Methanol Wash Column inlet temperature-57 DEG C, pressure 7.7MPa, conversion gas is compressed to 7.7MPa and enters 3 heaters, the heating of methanol wash liquid, enters 4 gas-liquid separators, gas CO by 11 pressure-reducing valves ₂and H ₂s separates, and send sulfuric acid operation.Methanol solution enters 6 coolers by 12 overflow pipes.The low temperature ammonia with low pressure enters 10 freezer units, methane liquid is refrigerated to-120 DEG C and is pumped into 13 methane wash column with 9 methane.Conversion gas, after methanol wash, consists of H ₂95.27%, CO3.73%, N ₂0.23%, A ₂0.53%, CH ₄0.25%, enter 13 methane wash column, CO is condensed and dissolves in methane liquid, and washing gas send synthesizing section; Methane wash liquid reduces pressure through 7 choke valves, enters gas-liquid separator, and the CO be condensed is released, from 5 gas-liquid separator separates out; Methane liquid enters 10 freezer units by 14 overflow pipes, by the hydrogen-cooled methane liquid being frozen into-120 DEG C of-170 DEG C, sends into 13 methane wash column by 9 methanol pump.1 cooler is entered from 10 freezer units nitrogen out.Converter enters 3 heaters, is heated by methanol wash liquid, then enters 1 cooler, be cooled to-57 DEG C by nitrogen, then enter Methanol Wash Column and carry out absorption CO ₂and H ₂the washing of S.

6, synthetic ammonia cryogenic separation ammonia and cold air cooling carbamide granulation technique.

From synthetic tower mist out, ammonia content is very low, is generally 10% ~ 20%, this synthetic tower 20MPa, can not separation of ammonia by water-cooled; This technique synthesis gas after methane wash about-80 DEG C, not freezing mist.

Skill process schematic representation made by Fig. 5 synthetic ammonia cryogenic separation ammonia and cold air cooling urea: 1-ammonia convertor; 2-steamdrum; 3-oil eliminator; 4-heat exchanger; 5-air blast; 6-ammonia basin; 7-freezer unit; 8-ammonia separator; 9-compressor; 10-recycle compressor; 11-cool exchanger; 12-urea prilling tower; 13-check valve; 14-check valve.

Ammonia synthesis reaction is reversible exothermic reaction, there is best reaction temperature, this technique optimum temperature is 350 DEG C ~ 360 DEG C, and under this optimal temperature, reaction rate is maximum, for this reason, this synthetic ammonia tower adopts new construction, namely has heat converter structure, pipe apparatus with catalyst inside, the saturation water of 360 DEG C is filled with, i.e. 190 atmospheric water between pipe.Water between pipe is along with the ammonia synthesis reaction in pipe, and temperature raises, and constantly shifts out reaction heat, make saturated water generates steam, rise along between pipe, among between steamdrum 2 pipe outside upright tower, when gas cools steam in managing, become again saturation water and return between ammonia convertor pipe.This ammonia convertor, reaction rate is fast.Methane wash gas-80 DEG C is freezing synthesis gas in 7 freezer units, and make ammonia condensing in 8 ammonia separators, liquefied ammonia enters 6 ammonia storage tanks.The thorough separation of ammonia, when making low into tower ammonia in gas content, ammonia synthesis reaction is favourable.This technique due to reaction rate fast, enter tower ammonia content low, air speed can be increased to 4 × 10 ⁴/ n production intensity can improve about three times.The Air flow in 11 cold convertors, 5 air blasts blasted by the forming gas of deep cooling is to less than-30 DEG C; enter bottom 12 carbamide granulations and discharge cold air; urea can make bulky grain cold air freezing under can not glue tower, realize urea bulky grain, contribute to improve fertilizer efficiency.

7, slow urea-urea nitrate, urea phosphate, sulfuric-urea technique.

Due to methane refrigerant, making oxygen by air separation cost is reduced, the application of oxygen changes the looks of nitrogen fertilizer industry, coal O ₂-H ₂o continuous gasification preparing synthetic gas; Deep cooling methanol wash column CO ₂and H ₂s, CO washed by liquid methane; Cryogenic separation ammonia and cold air make large grain urea makes ammonia fertilizer technological process shorten; This technique proposes new-type urea: produce NO by oxygen oxidize ammonia, reoxidize as NO ₂, in urine, generate urea nitrate [CO (NH with urea ₂) ₂hNO], generate P with oxygen roasting phosphorus ore ₂o ₂, in urine, generate urea phosphate [CO (NH with urea reaction ₂) ₂h ₃pO ₄]; With oxygen and H ₂s reaction generates SO ₂, then catalytic reaction generates SO ₃, in urine, generate sulfuric-urea [CO (NH with urea reaction ₂) ₂sO ₄].

Fig. 6 slow urea-urea nitrate process schematic representation: 1-ammonia heater; 2-steamdrum; 3-urea synthesizer; 5-ammonia stripping column; 6-CO ₂stripper; 7-blender; 8-gas-liquid separator; 9-overflow pipe; 10-pressure-reducing valve; 11-low-pressure distillation column; 12-condensing tower; 13-liquid fertilizer storage tank; 14-pump; 15-urea nitrate reaction tower; 16-granulation tower; 17-air freezing device; 18-air blast; 19-overflow pipe; 20-overflow pipe; 21-overflow pipe; 22-overflow pipe.

First urea synthesizing generates the reaction of first ammonium: then the dehydration of liquid first ammonium is carried out: these two reactions are all reversible reactions, if can carry out the dehydration of first ammonium immediately after first reaction, generate urea, will contribute to reaction to irreversible future development, and be conducive to the raising of urea synthesizing rate.Understood now the speed of the dehydration of first ammonium along with reaction temperature to increase increase very fast, when temperature is 140 DEG C, the conversion ratio of 265 minutes is only 40%; When temperature brings up to 200 DEG C, then only need the conversion ratio just reaching 40% for 2 minutes; With the raising of conversion temperature, conversion ratio also improves.But urea technique now, for best reaction temperature creates conditions; The reaction temperature of such as liquid structure technique urea synthesizer 170 DEG C ~ 175 DEG C, from tower top out, temperature is 190 DEG C to urea, and whole course of reaction never reaches the best process conditions of 200 DEG C.For another example carbon dioxide puies forward technique, and first ammonium produces at carbamate condenser, and reaction heat removed by managing outer byproduct steam; Then reactant enters urea synthesizer, and column bottom temperature is 170 DEG C ~ 175 DEG C, and tower top temperature is 188 DEG C ~ 190 DEG C, and whole urea synthesizing does not carry out under the process conditions of optimal reaction temperature 200 DEG C.Urea synthesizing shell bag one deck chuck, liquefied ammonia absorbs heat and reduces the temperature of urea synthesizer wall in chuck, to prevent corrosion.23 is chucks, and the liquefied ammonia of preheating enters in 1 ammonia heater.

This technique adopts 200 DEG C, 19MPa, NH ₃/ CO ₂=3.5, ammonia stripper adopts 200 DEG C of operations, and adopt titanium material, the tubulation of heat exchanger in this technique urea synthesizer, also can adopt titanium material.

The urea synthesizer of this technique adopts the structure of heat exchanger, and urine, among tubulation, is then first ammonium liquid between pipe.During driving, ammonia and carbon dioxide enter between urea synthesizer pipe, generate first ammonium, then enter bottom synthetic tower, enter in heat exchanger tube, and dehydration generates urea; Liquefied ammonia enters 17 air freezing devices, for granulation tower provides cold air to manufacture granular urea, then enters the pre-thermal jacket of 23 liquefied ammonia, absorbs first ammonium Heat of Formation between heat exchanger tube, then enter 1 ammonia heater, by 200 DEG C of Steam Heating.The ammonia heating 200 DEG C enters 4 jet pumps, the urine of 3 urea synthesizers is sucked, enters bottom 5 aminoacid stripping towers, on along tubulation bubbling, with steam 200 DEG C heating between pipe; Enter 8 gas-liquid separators, decompose gas out, enter between urea synthesizer heat exchanger tube, the urine on the card of ammonia stripper, enters 6CO by 19 overflow pipes ₂stripper top, under along tubulation film forming, the CO of 20MPa ₂enter 5CO ₂stripper carries out stripping, and stripping gas enters between 3 urea synthesizer heat exchanger tubes, carries out CO ₂and NH ₃first ammonium reaction.Liberated heat is the heat that first ammonium dehydration needs, and heat is imported in the first ammonium liquid between pipe by tubulation.CO ₂the urine of stripping tower bottom enters 11 low-pressure distillation columns by 20 overflow pipes and pressure-reducing valve 10, and under the heating of the steam between pipe 300 DEG C, the first ammonium in urine decomposes; The gas of destilling tower enters 12 condensing towers and generates ammoniacal liquor, flows into 13 liquid fertilizer storage tanks by 21 overflow pipes; The urine of destilling tower indentation enters 15 urea nitrate reaction towers sprays and the lower and NO come at the bottom of tower ₂reaction generates urea nitrate, this reaction tower has between heat converter structure pipe and has steam, can cone nitric acid urea further, dense urine enters granulation tower by 22 overflow pipes and sprays bulky grain urea nitrate, air blasts 17 air freezing devices through 18 air blasts and is frozen into cold air by the low temperature ammonia in pipe, enters the urea nitrate bulky grain of the freezing whereabouts of granulation tower.15 urea nitrate reaction towers eject the gas come and enter to react with its ammoniacal liquor bottom 12 condensing towers and generate dust technology ammonia spirit, enter 13 liquid fertilizer storage tanks, send rural area to sell liquid fertilizer with pump through 21 overflow pipes.

Manufacture NO ₂first carry out ammonia catalytic and generate NO, atmospheric pressure oxidation every kilogram platinum catalyst can only be oxidized 1.5T ammonia, and can bring up to 10T under 0.9MPa pressure, and pressure oxidation facility compact investment cost is few, and this technique also requires the NO of high pressure ₂, therefore adopt 0.9MPa pressure, oxidizing temperature 870 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C, in order to prevent temperature higher than 1000 DEG C, this technique adopts and reduces platinum guaze area, has the gas of cooling around platinum guaze, oxygen and its cooling jacket of ammonia have two Room, and a Room is oxygen preheat room, and another room is ammonia preheating chamber.This technique jet pump makes ammonia and oxygen add water vapour, reduces the danger of blast.This technique carries out being oxidized instead of using air with pure oxygen, to reduce gas flow, reduces the loss of platinum.

The new-type ammonia oxidation process schematic diagram of Fig. 7: 1-ammonia preheating chamber; 2-oxygen preheating chamber; 3-jet pump; 4-jet pump; The cold chuck of 5-ammonia; The cold chuck of 6-oxygen; 7-blender; 8-20 layer platinum guaze; 9-waste heat boiler; 10-flash cooler; 11-water supply pump; 12-gas-liquid separator.

Ammonia enters 1 ammonia preheating chamber, with waste heat boiler produce Steam Heating, simultaneously oxygen, enter 2 oxygen preheating chambers, also with waste heat boiler produce Steam Heating; Sucking the steam after heating with entering jet pump 3,4, entering the cold chuck of 5 ammonia respectively, and entering the cold chuck of 6 oxygen; Absorb the heat of high temperature of platinum guaze, make it to be no more than 1000 DEG C, then enter 7 blenders simultaneously, and enter platinum guaze immediately downwards and carry out catalytic oxidation, oxidizing gas quickly through 9 waste heat boilers, again quickly through 10 flash coolers.Gas cools fast, makes the very fast condensation of steam, and NO has little time to be oxidized to NO simultaneously ₂, subtract NO ₂solution loss, send into urea nitrate reaction tower through 12 gas-liquid separator NO along pipe, make NO be oxidized to NO on the way ₂, enter NO in urea nitrate reaction tower ₂generate nitric acid with the water in urine, then generate urea nitrate with urea reaction, this is the chemical fertilizer being slightly soluble in water, so be Slowly release nitrogen fertilizer.

Manufacture urea phosphate, first produce P ₂o ₅; Current phosphoric acid by wet process and Phosphate Fertilizer Industry all quite backwardness, working condition and environmental protection are all very poor, should eliminate; The current natural phosphorus ore of thermal phosphoric acid heating by electric cooker, makes it distillation, and rear oxidation, phosphoric acid is made in hydration.With the difficult automation of electric furnace; This technique oxygen and the natural ground phosphate rock of methane roasting, distillation and the obtained P of oxidation ₂o ₅, be convenient to automation, maximization.

Fig. 8 produces P ₂o ₅new technology schematic diagram: 1-cyclone separator; 2-ground phosphate rock storehouse; 3-screw feeder; 4-nozzle; 5-fluidizing reactor; 6-oxygen preheater; 7-waste heat boiler; 8-cyclone separator; 9-cooler; 10-water supply pump; 11-helical slag removing machine; 12-jet pump.

With ball mill, natural crystal is clayed into power, with air-blaster, breeze is sent into 1 cyclone separator, then fall into 2 ground phosphate rock storehouses, this storehouse is narrow and grow, and object has been that material envelope is done, and furnace gas (5 atmospheric pressure) is not easily spilt.3 self-conveyor feeds are also very long, and object is also the effect of material envelope, and oxygen nozzle 4 is on self-conveyor feed, and object has been the effect of material envelope.

Oxygen reaches 500 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C through 6 oxygen preheaters, sucks natural gas, enter stove combustion by 12 jet pumps, now furnace bottom has piled with ground phosphate rock, highly exceeds self-conveyor feed, blows through oxygen and Methane Combustion Gas, breeze boiling and rising, phosphorus is subject to heat sublimation, and reacts with oxygen and generate P ₂o ₅, burning gases are by 6 oxygen preheaters, and enter 7 waste heat boilers, then enter 8 and revolve ridge separator, slag is discharged by 11 helical slag removing machines, P ₂o ₅and CO ₂the cooling of gas note 9 cooler send Fig. 6 .15 reaction tower, P ₂o ₅generate phosphoric acid with the water of urine, then generate urea phosphate with urea reaction; This is nitro phosphor complex, is also the slow urea being slightly soluble in water.Responseless CO ₂enter condensing tower, generate carbonic acid nitrogen ammonium liquid fertilizer and send rural area to sell.

Manufacture sulfuric-urea, by H ₂s-CO ₂with oxygen burning, generate SO ₂, then Catalytic Oxygen generates SO ₃, send urine reaction tower to generate sulfuric-urea.

Fig. 9 is by H ₂s generates SO ₃new technology schematic diagram: 1-combustion chamber; 2-jet pump; 3-cooler; 4-converter; 5-jet pump; 6-steamdrum; 7-cooler; 8-waste heat boiler; 9-water pump.

Oxygen enters 2 jet pumps, sucks H ₂s-CO ₂enter 1 combustion chambers burn and generate SO ₃through 3 cooler coolings, enter 5 jet pumps, suck oxygen, enter 6 steam bubbles, absorb heat and enter 4 converters.Titanium dioxide sulfuric acid, oxidation reaction are reversible exothermic reactions, there is most suitable reaction temperature, and current converter cannot maintain optimum temperature.The converter of this technique adopts the structure of heat exchanger, i.e. pipe apparatus with catalyst inside, saturation water is filled with between pipe, optimum temperature is 420 DEG C, saturation water pressure between pipe is 300 atmospheric pressure, when reaction temperature is more than 420 DEG C, and saturated water generates steam, therefore reaction temperature maintains 420 DEG C always, and equilibrium conversion is the highest.The steam produced enters 6 steamdrums, SO ₂gAS ABSORPTION heat makes steam become saturation water, between the pipe of 4 converters that reflux.SO ₂+ 1/2O ₂=SO ₃, this conversion ratio may reach 99.5%, through 8 waste heat boilers, enters 7 coolers and is chilled to about 50 DEG C, SO ₃be sent to Fig. 6 reaction tower SO ₃generate sulfuric acid with the water in urine, then generate sulfuric-urea with urea reaction, the chemical fertilizer of sulfur-bearing can make crop leaf non-yellowing, is conducive to plant growth.Sulfuric-urea is the same with urea nitrate is slightly soluble in water, is the slow chemical fertilizer of urea.

8, nitrogenous fertilizer combined producing dimethyl ether alternative fuel for cars technique.

The nitrogenous fertilizer of this technique adopts, coal oxygen-steam continuous gasifying because methane refrigerant making oxygen by air separation is with low cost, and this forming gas, without nitrogen, is conducive to combined producing dimethyl ether motor vehicle fuel.

Figure 10 nitrogenous fertilizer combined producing dimethyl ether alternative fuel for cars process schematic representation: 1-cyclone separator; 2-first coal bunker; 3-screw feeder; 4-second coal bunker; 5-self-conveyor feed; 6-fluidized bed furnace; 7-waste heat boiler; 8-cyclone separator; 9-helical slag removing machine; 10-steamdrum; 11-dimethyl ether reactor; 12-cooler; 13-absorption tower; 14-water pump; 15-water pump; 16-dimethyl ether solution basin groove; 17-overflow pipe; 18-steamdrum; 19-cooler; 20-sulphur-resistant conversion device; 21-saturator.

The coal dust air-blaster pulverized through ball mill is delivered to 1, falls into 2 first coal bunkers, and 3 self-conveyor feeds send coal dust into 4 second coal bunkers, and be prevent the gas of fluidized bed furnace from leaking from coal bunker with two coal bunkers, the second coal bunker is airtight, available pressurization CO ₂in cabin.5 self-conveyor feeds send coal dust into 6 fluidized bed furnaces, use 5MPaO ₂-H ₂o continuous gasification produces H ₂-CO forming gas; After 7 waste heat boilers, enter 8 cyclone separators cinder is separated, discharge with 9 helical slag removing machines.Synthesis gas enters 19 coolers and is cooled to 250 DEG C and enters 11 dimethyl ether reactors; This reactor has heat exchanger configuration, pipe apparatus with catalyst inside, CuZnAl catalyst and dehydrating agent r-AI ₂o ₃; Be the saturation water of 250 DEG C between pipe, pressure is 40.6 atmospheric pressure; When reaction temperature more than 250 DEG C i.e. generating steam, maintain optimal reaction temperature 250 DEG C; Air speed is after 6000 standard liters/(kilogram, catalyst, hour) reactant enters 12 cooler water-cooleds, enter 13 absorption towers, with water, the absorption of dimethyl ether in reactant is got off, 16 dimethyl ether solution basins are flowed into by 17 overflow pipes, further rectifying becomes dimethyl ether, is condensed into liquid dimethyl ether.Nonabsorbable forming gas enters after 10 steamdrums absorb heat and enters 21 saturators, obtain water vapour, enter in 18 steamdrums and heat, then enter 20 sulphur-resistant conversion devices, this reactor also has heat exchanger configuration, pipe apparatus with catalyst inside, Co-Mo sulfur-tolerant shift catalyst is then saturation water between pipe, and optimum temperature is 180 DEG C is reaction temperature, saturated water temperature 180 DEG C, pressure is 11 atm higher.If temperature is more than 180 DEG C, saturated water generates steam, makes reaction maintain best about 180 DEG C.Transformationreation gas enters methanol wash workshop section and Fig. 4 and explanation thereof are seen by methane wash workshop section.How to manufacture urea and slow chemical fertilizer is shown in Fig. 6 and explanation thereof.How to realize cryogenic separation ammonia and see Fig. 5 and explanation thereof.How to see Fig. 3 and explanation thereof with methane refrigerant making oxygen by air separation.

9, iron and steel, urea, cement, sulfuric acid process integration.

Due to the low cost of methane refrigerant making oxygen by air separation, manufacture H ₂-CO synthesis gas can use O ₂~ H ₂the continuous coal gasification of O obtains, H-CO, can be used for the reduction iron production in iron and steel production, and oxygen heats up coal combustion and adds CO, H ₂reach 110 DEG C for reduction of iron ore, the production cost of iron and steel is reduced, can maximize and continuous seepage simultaneously, iron and steel is produced and reaches desirable state, without contaminated environment, produce multiple product simultaneously.Slag is good cement, manufactures by high-grade cement formula; New-type ironmaking is that iron ore is calcined and sulphur distilled to discharge with gas in 24 iron ore calcination, fluidization stove high temperature, and in high temperature, sulphur and H-H reaction generate H2S, cyclonic separation in high temperature, sulfurous gas is departed from iron ore.In methanol wash, by CO ₂and H ₂s absorbs, and then desorb send sulfuric acid workshop section to manufacture sulfuric acid.

Figure 11 iron and steel urea cement, sulfuric acid process integration schematic diagram: 1-cyclone separator; 2-first coal bunker; 3-self-conveyor feed; 4-second coal bunker; 5-self-conveyor feed; 6-fluidized bed furnace; 7-waste heat boiler; 8-cyclone separator; 9-helical slag removing machine; 10-cooler; 11-Methanol Wash Column; 12-pressure-reducing valve; 13-gas-liquid separator; 14-cement spray chamber; 15-waste heat boiler; 16-cooler; 17-cyclone separator; 18-iron ore coal powder storehouse; 19-self-conveyor feed; 20-air-blaster; 21-atomizer; 22-molten steel outlet; 23-CO ₂high pressure nozzle; 24-iron ore calcination, fluidization stove; 25-cyclone separator; 26-reduction iron production fluidized bed furnace; 27-oxygen preheater; 28-H ₂-CO preheater; 29-cyclone separator; 30-carbon stone flour storehouse; 31-self-conveyor feed; The new-type open hearth of 32-.

H is manufactured like that by Figure 10 ₂-CO, namely uses O ₂-H ₂the continuous coal gasification of O.The H of the 24 iron ore calcination, fluidization stoves generations of Figure 11 ₂the H that the gases such as S and gasification furnace produce ₂s, CO ₂enter 10 cooler coolings together, then enter 11 Methanol Wash Columns, concrete flow process is shown in Fig. 4 and explanation thereof, and methane refrigerant making oxygen by air separation is shown in Fig. 3 and explanation thereof.

Iron ore is clayed into power together with coal in ball mill, with air-blaster, powder is sent into 17 cyclone separators, falls into 18 iron ores, coal powder storehouse, and add 24 iron ore calcination, fluidization stoves by 19 self-conveyor feeds, 1500 DEG C, the tail gas of open hearth, passes through H ₂-CO preheater and O ₂preheater, these preheaters need senior heat resisting steel manufacture, enter the gas 1100 DEG C of fluidized bed furnace, iron ore and coal powder heating, a large amount of CO ₂deng gas, breeze is seethed with excitement, the sulphur distillation in breeze generates H with H-H reaction ₂s, in cyclone separator, iron ore and coal powder fall into bottom 26 reduction iron production fluidized bed furnaces, and oxygen blowpipe down sprays aloft, and breeze plays the effect of material envelope, H ₂-CO sprays at another side, is heated to 1100 DEG C, and carry out the reduction iron production reaction of iron ore, last sponge iron falls into 32 new-type open hearths together with coal dust, has the blowing up of furnace roof, also has the blowing down of furnace side, the CO-H of 1100 DEG C _2,, in oxygen, burning reaches more than 1800 DEG C, the CO of both sides, downstream ₂the CO of nozzle ejection high pressure ₂, molten steel is fully stirred; Iron liquid flows from right to left, arrive the static shape of downstream molten steel, slag steel is separated, last slag, through 21 atomizers, nebulizes by air blown and descends slowly and lightly in 14 cement spray chambers, and hot-air reaches 1000 DEG C and enters 15 waste heat boilers and produce steam, air is chilled to 50 DEG C through 16 coolers, entering in 20 air blasts to enter in 21 atomizers after pressurization makes slag be atomized, and becomes cement, makes the composition of Portland cement: 3CaOSiO ₂alite 55%-65%; 2COSiO ₂belite 15%-25%; 3CaOAI ₂o ₃aluminate 8%-14%; 4CaOAI ₂o ₃f ₂o ₃brownmillerite 8%-12%.The content of its oxide: CaO60%-70%; SiO ₂18%-22%; AI ₂o4%-6%; F ₂o ₃2%-4%.Fig. 6 and explanation thereof are shown in urea manufacture; The manufacture of sulfuric acid is as Fig. 9 and explanation.

Two, new work engine.

1, two stroke gasoline supercharging machine.

Common people think that two-stroke gasoline engine unavoidably leaks gasoline 1/3rd because of scavenging and wastes gasoline and contaminated environment, and this machine is in superseded gesture at present.In fact this is mistaken ideas, takes suitable way, during two-stroke scavenging, can not leak gasoline; This engine, when air-breathing, sucks a large amount of water smoke with water carburetor (principle is consistent with carburetor), makes compression ratio improve more than 6.8, and gasoline engine originally can supercharging; Supercharging after scavenging, the supplying oil of carburetor when supercharging, namely scavenging is with air (not containing gasoline) scavenging, therefore avoids scavenging and leaks gasoline.Two-stroke burning often, makes the air of suction contain a large amount of water with water carburetor, and contribute to the temperature reducing cylinder and piston, this is the way of the high heat load of customer service two-stroke cylinder and piston.

Figure 12 A Figure 12 B two stroke gasoline supercharging machine schematic diagram: 1-exhaust gas turbocharger; 2-two-stroke gasoline engine; 3-piston; 4-spark plug; 5-check valve; 6-carburetor; 7-air intake window valve; 8-enters atmospheric electricity valve; 9-water carburetor; 10-crankcase; 11-exhaust enters turbine window valve; 12-turbine inlet; 13-turbocharging outlet air valve.This two-stroke gasoline engine, has two scavenging outlets, and in figure, 11 is scavenging outlets that waste gas enters turbine; When piston drops to 8, waste gas enters air, makes waste gas scavenging clean; Now cylinder pressure is identical with air; Turbo charged air pressure is large, washes check valve 5 open, pressurized air enter cylinder before by carburetor 6, under air throttle controls, gasoline enters in air, is atomized into fuel gas, reaches the object of two-stroke fuel feeding, and Figure 12 B is exactly situation like this; Figure 12 A is the situation that crankcase enters air.So there are two scavenging outlets to be important, make two-stroke fuel feeding.

Two stroke engine, by adopting the form of single cylinder engine, makes crankcase can play the effect of scavenging pump, is also beneficial to machine firm, is convenient to supercharging.

2, the single four people's seat hybrid power cars of single cylinder.

Current four people's seat cars, width is very large, people's seat often, and city often blocks up, if the reduced width half of car, or original 2/3rds, traffic congestion will reduce.Current motorcycle single-cylinder four-stroke 125 carrying people 2 people; Change two-stroke into, power doubles the engine that can become the single four people's seat cars of single cylinder completely, and auto cost greatly reduces, and fuel consumption also reduces, and urban transportation will not easily block up; The mobility of automobile is also strengthened, and it is reported that the artificial such car that truly has of the foreigner is sold out very soon.This two stroke gasoline supercharging machine will be the good engine of this type of car, and such car is also attractive in appearance, as shown in figure 13.More more advantageous than the motorcycle of spacious paulin, stopped by neither wind or rain, do not fall at a slow speed, safe and reliable.The not water mixing in fuel oil of this technique, but the air water carburetor water mixing sucked, the object of fuel-economizing will be reached, gas distribution structure all removed by all quartastroke engines, the position of cam is loaded onto exhaust gas turbine and supercharger, to reclaim the physical thermal that waste gas is taken away, the heat claiming diesel engine to change Effective power into according to data is 30-39%; Hot and cold two sums that but water-band is walked that waste gas is taken away reach 55-70%; This technique adopts New Measure in these two, if save about 20%, then the thermal efficiency of diesel engine will reach 60%, and this is very valuable.This technique also proposes new method, i.e. combined type precombustion chamber at the structure of precombustion chamber.The advantage of precombustion chamber is relatively more steady, but current precombustion chamber then causes oil consumption excessive; I thinks that the reason causing oil consumption large be precombustion chamber is fixing cell, and the inside air is inadequate, a lot of fuel unburned and emptying, and have lost, this automobile is except being used as power with single cylinder two-stroke internal-combustion engine; Also be used as power with storage battery motor, form hybrid power, first use storage battery electric power to promote during start, be finally just used as power with two-stroke internal combustion engine.

3, there is the new-type two stroke diesel engine of combined type precombustion chamber.

The new-type two stroke diesel engine of Figure 15, has new-type precombustion chamber, Figure 14 combined type precombustion chamber schematic diagram: 1-piston; 2-cylinder; 3-cylinder cover; 4-oil burner nozzle; 5-combustion chamber; 6-precombustion chamber.

6 precombustion chambers are the cells in the middle of 5 combustion chambers as can be seen from Figure, are equivalent to the metal fence of a lakelet surrounding, are formed cylindric; Cylinder and a cylinder head airtight synthesis cell (so being called combined type precombustion chamber) when piston rises to top dead centre, metal fence is the highest part of temperature, spray into and contact diesel oil with metal fence and can reach self-ignition point soon and burn, subsequently with spray with burning; When piston declines, ambient air enters in metal fence, all burnt, so the oil consumption of this precombustion chamber is low.

The new-type two-stroke internal combustion engine schematic diagram of Figure 15: 1-water tank; 2-exhaust turbine; 3-supercharger; 4-cylinder of internal-combustion engine.

The cooling system of forced circulation removed by this internal combustion engine, and the hot water that water jacket produces enters water carburetor, enters cylinder (recovery cooling heat) during air-breathing, and radiator part changes water tank, constantly for water jacket provides cold water; Valve actuating mechanism is contained in useless exhaust gas turbine on the position of cam after removing; Camshaft is replaced by the axle of turbine wheel shaft; Odontoid belt is connected turbine wheel shaft with bent axle, but the wheel disc of bent axle is large diameter, and the turbine fast with rotating speed matches.Bent axle is replaced by and makes all pistons be in same position, to utilize crankcase to calm the anger and scavenging.

This diesel engine could use the dimethyl ether aqueous solution as fuel, and this is 20 century 70 oil emulsions just! The machine supercharging, temperature is high, and water smoke does not affect burning.Two-stroke gasoline engine also can use the dimethyl ether aqueous solution to make fuel, because water carburetor adds large water gaging, makes the fuel mixture of compression be difficult to reach burning-point, so pinking can not occur, oil emulsion adds water and makes compression ratio improve 6.8, and this law improves larger.

This two-stroke internal combustion engine is can be helpful to improvement automobile.The car of current four people's seats need not four-cylinder gasoline machine, and single cylinder foot is in dragging automobile, and it is feasible for making automobile be narrowed present automobile 2/3rds, can solve the problem of traffic congestion.Lorry then lengthens one times, and loading capacity is doubled.

4, piston gas-pressing gas turbine.

The function of calming the anger of internal combustion engine is very outstanding, and the diesel engine one-level amount of calming the anger reaches 40 much air pressure, and general compressor one-level is calmed the anger and can only be reached 6 atmospheric pressure.If the cylinder of diesel engine does not remake burning and expansion function, only utilize its function of calming the anger, composition piston gas-pressing gas turbine will be very outstanding engine.Figure 16 piston gas-pressing gas turbine schematic diagram: 1-water tank; 2-float chamber; 3-carburetor; 4-combustion chamber; 5-jet pump; 6-gas turbine; 7-jet pump; 8-high-pressure gas tank; 9-piston blower; 10-water carburetor; 11-crankcase; 12-actuating motor; 13-magnetic valve; 14-air throttle; 15-spark plug.This piston blower is single cylinder, and large cylinder replaces four cylinders (or six cylinders) in the past, namely removes valve actuating mechanism, the position of former cam is installed 6 gas turbines, with odontoid belt, bent axle and gas turbine axle are linked up, bent axle need use big trochal disc, to mate the fast gas turbine of rotating speed.Compressor housing all has three valves, has covered breather check valve and outgassing nonreturn valve, and by the former scavenging window valve of crankcase air inlet.Combustion chamber 4 has water-cooling water jackets, and the hot water of generation, when compressor air-breathing, enters water carburetor (namely with carburetor same principle) by air and is inhaled into blanking bar and enters in crankcase or cylinder; Supplementing water in water jacket is by 2 float chambers, and the water in 1 water tank is added and reaches, the height of float is equally high with the peak level of water jacket, and when the water level decreasing of water jacket, float also declines, the water of water tank enters float chamber automatically, then enters water jacket.

During engine start, start 12 actuating motors and drive combustion gas turbine, drive again compressor to calm the anger; During start, 13 magnetic valves are opened, and pressure-air sucks air by 7 jet pumps, then enters carburetor, control air throttle to control power; Fuel gas mixture burns under plug ignition, and combustion gas enters 5 jet pumps suction large quantity of airs makes combustion gas be cooled to less than 700 DEG C, enters 6 gas turbines and makes expansion work; Turbine axis drives compressor bent axle by odontoid belt, and make compressor compressed air, compressed air enters 8 high pressure tanks, if stopped, and 13 closed electromagnetic valves.This gas turbine inlet temperature less than 700 DEG C, although acceleration a reduces to some extent; But the air added makes quality increase, F=ma, the thrust of gas-turbine wheel is large; The thermal efficiency must be large, because the pressure of calming the anger is very large, more than 60 atmospheric pressure.12 is dc motors, can make actuating motor, also can make work drive motor, provides the energy to become the engine of internal combustion engine and storage battery electric motor hybrid with storage battery.

The air quality of originally starting is four-stroke four times, power also can bring up to four times, automobile can lengthen four joint compartments, as shown in figure 17, it is 20 people's seats that the former 4 people's seats of car can carry, and can make bus, is of great benefit to change city bus, the car of this long snake formula is more comfortable than subway, need not walk about up and down.Motor bus, lorry have become the train on highway, on a highway wheeled.If do not increase compartment, then can Some gases proceed to jet-propelled revolve oar end ejection automobile is gone straight up to; As shown in figure 18.If automobile can go straight up to flight, favourable to agro-farming, be conducive to fertilising, sowing etc.

5, centrifugal high pressure compression jet engine.

Current jet engine has two significant drawback: one, can not make aircraft vertical landing; Two, the thermal efficiency is low; These two shortcomings are all because combustion gas turbine operating temperature is too high relevant; The designer of all gas turbines, all wish to improve initial temperature, think that this can improve the thermal efficiency, they are according to Kano thermal efficiency formula n=1-T ₂/ T ₁, think that under improving initial temperature, just can improve the thermal efficiency, this is mistaken ideas; Carnot's theorem itself is wrong, and this formula does not meet reality, and the actual thermal efficiency is far below formulae discovery value.Kano does not understand the efficiency of heat engine people relevant with Temperature of Working (his heat engine only has temperature eat source and low-temperature heat source), and in fact engine does not need low-temperature heat source, and he is a layman, unexpectedly instructs expert.If very clear power pressure is very low, initial temperature T ₁high yet not use again, the initial temperature of liquid rocket is not very high, and efficiency is very low.Carnot cycle Thermal efficiency formula in a word, makes current jet engine design come into blind alley.This jet engine is exactly will reach jet working medium to have the highest pressure, and for this reason, the combustion gas Temperature of Working entering turbine necessarily higher than 700 DEG C, only can not just be able to take the stress of high pressure lower than this temperature metal.

Centrifugal compressor industrial at present obtains good achievement, and the total development trend of centrifugal compressor is now to high speed, high pressure, large discharge, powerful future development; Improve impeller circumferential speed aspect, adopt the impeller circumferential speed of titanium alloy to reach 400m/s, compressor revolution reaches 20000r/min, reaches as high as 120000r/min, thus reduces impeller diameter, compressor volume, quality is reduced, weight reduction, saves material.Compression outlet pressure can reach 15-35MPa, and reach as high as 42MPa, power can reach 6 × 10 ⁴kW.This jet engine is exactly this industrial achievement of application, adopts advanced centrifugal compressor.This large-scale centrifugal compressor can not hang on bottom wing outward, and this programme adopts the engine nacelle of the spacious paulin of afterbody, is convenient to heat radiation.

Figure 19 centrifugal high pressure compression jet engine schematic diagram: 1-gas turbine; 2-centrifugal compressor; 3-actuating motor; 4-combustion chamber; 5-jet pump; 6-jet pump; The electronic chalk of 7-; 8-jet pipe; 9-is jet-propelled goes straight up to rotor; 10-is jet-propelled goes straight up to rotor; 11-is jet-propelled goes straight up to rotor; 12-opens paulin cabin.

During engine start, 3 actuating motors start, air is compressed to 35MPa-42MPa in centrifugal compressor, air is sucked by 6 jet pumps, reduce the temperature of pressure-air, enter 4 combustion oil atomisations, true combustion synthesis in air under plug ignition, temperature reaches 1500 DEG C, combustion gas out enters 5 jet pumps, suck large quantity of air, fuel gas temperature is made to reduce to 700 DEG C, enter gas turbine and make expansion work, fuel gas temperature reduces to less than 300 DEG C, enter electronic chalk, chalk imports combustion gas the end ejection that three are gone straight up to rotor, aircraft is gone straight up to, arrive high-altitude, electronic chalk imports jet pipe ejection combustion gas, make aircraft flight forward, rotor stops operating, all parallelly with fuselage to stop.Jet pump plays an important role, and sucks a large amount of cold air and combustion gas is lowered the temperature, and can two jet pumps achieve the goal, and can increase the flow of jet pump after manufacturing experimently, to reach the object of cooling.

6, the middle-size and small-size aircraft jet engine of the many piston gas-pressings of single cylinder.

Jet engine will realize high-power, the size of power, is decided by the size of starting inspiratory capacity; Current jet-engine compressor is limited in one's ability, and the pressure of compression is little, and these all have impact on the realization of These parameters.The heat proof material that current jet plane application is noble, increases the initial temperature of gas turbine inlet air, so manufacturing cost is very large; This middle-size and small-size aircraft then adopts single cylinder piston to calm the anger, and uses two or more pistons work, and the amount of calming the anger is very large, pressure is also very large, there are preeminent power and preeminent high thermal efficiency, do not need noble heat proof material, low cost of manufacture, the machine enters gas turbine temperature lower than 700 DEG C, therefore, for VTOL creates condition, when taking off, a point a part of combustion gas enters goes straight up in rotor, revolving the ejection of oar end, aircraft is gone straight up to; Had to go straight up to and revolved oar to have flown to 30000m high-altitude be easy to do, larger than jet rising thrust because revolving the promotion that oar rises, than the speed of going straight up to, the machine is outstanding.The cruising speed of the machine is also preeminent, because the amount of calming the anger is very large, and larger than axial-flow compressor several times, therefore power also greatly several times.

The middle-size and small-size aircraft jet engine schematic diagram of the many piston gas-pressings of Figure 20 single cylinder: 1-upper cylinder; 2-lower cylinder; 3-upper piston; 4-lower piston; 5-breather check valve; 6-breather check valve; 7-supercharging window valve; 8-supercharging window valve; 9-high pressure tank; 10-magnetic valve; 11-carburetor; 12-actuating motor; 13-gas turbine; 14-Outlet check valves; 15 spark plugs; 16-combustion chamber; The electronic chalk of 17-; 18-jet pipe; 19-jet pipe; 20-water circulating pump; 21-upper spacer; 22-lower clapboard; 23-air throttle; 24-radiator; 25-Outlet check valves; 26-breather check valve; 27-jet pump; 28-jet pump; 29-jet pump.

During engine start, start 12 actuating motors, combustion gas turbine is rotated, drive compressor crank rotation; Piston rises, breather check valve 26, and 6 open, and air enters 1 upper cylinder and enters 2 lower cylinders; When piston rises to top dead centre, 14 Outlet check valves and 25 Outlet check valves are opened, suck large quantity of air through 28 jet pumps and reduce pressure-air temperature, then compressed air is pressed into 9 high pressure tanks, meanwhile, lower cylinder compression pressure-air go out 25 check valves enter 29 jet pumps inhale large quantity of airs temperature is entered 9 high pressure tanks; When piston is displaced downwardly to lower dead center, the air that upper piston down compresses enters upper cylinder from 7 supercharging window valves, reaches the object of supercharging; The air that 4 lower pistons down compress, enters lower cylinder from 8 supercharging window valves, reaches the object of supercharging; Circulation like this.When plane leaving, 10 magnetic valves are opened, and pressure-air enters 11 carburetion and sucks gasoline, fuel delivery is controlled by 23 air throttles, fuel mixture enters 16 combustion chambers, burns under 15 plug ignitions, and combustion gas is by 27 jet pumps, sucking large quantity of air makes gas turbine combustion gas out be cooled to less than 300 DEG C, but pressure is still very large, enters 17 electronic chalks, imports and enters in the pipeline of rotor, combustion gas sprays from blade tip, and aircraft vertical is taken off; When having arrived high-altitude, 17 electronic chalks import two jet pipes 18,19, and ejection simultaneously makes aircraft high-speed forward flight.

This jet engine, the afterbody being arranged on aircraft with horizontal form opens in paulin enging cabin.This engine is applicable to Medium Plane, is also applicable to baby plane.

Figure 21 baby plane schematic diagram: 1-driving cabin; 2-is jet-propelled goes straight up to suspense; 3-opens paulin jet engine cabin; 4-jet pipe; 5-jet pipe.Spacious paulin cabin is conducive to heat radiation and weight reduction.

Three, new energy technology.

1, circular tower electrolytic cell, the electrolysis process of pump circular electrolyte.

Current electrolysis water hydrogen manufacturing power consumption is large, and efficiency is low.Improve current efficiency, reduce the target that energy consumption is this technique.Current alkali formula brine electrolysis (potassium hydroxide aqueous solution of 30%) is by K ⁺to movable cathode, make cathodic electricity resistive large, the area strengthening negative electrode is necessary, meanwhile, and should the K being accumulated in negative electrode ⁺ion washes away, thus using pump circular electrolyte reach this object, in order to strengthen cathode plane, the tower electrolytic cell of this technological design circle; Negative electrode is at the larger-diameter area in wall limit of tower; Among the center of circle, anode place, the electrode of the tubule area of minor diameter.

The water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and oxygen artwork of the circular tower electrolytic cell of Figure 22, pump circular electrolyte: 1-anode; 2-drum type brake negative electrode; 3-drum type brake barrier film; 4-electrolytic bath; 5-water circulating pump; 6-overflow pipe; 7-overflow pipe; 8-hydrogen basin; 9-oxygen basin; 10-check valve; 11-check valve; 12-oxygen room; 13-hydrogen chamber.

This device is high 3 meters, wide 2 meters, the negative electrode stainless steel iron hoop of next 2.8 rice diameters, with stainless steel bar welding or cylinder framework, use nickel wire (or stainless steel wire) to turn to the cathode electrode of a drum type brake again, steel wire has become the tip of negative electrode to give prominence to, and is convenient to point discharge.Anode is then with the stainless steel ring of next diameter 10 centimetres, little cylinder framework is welded into stainless steel bar, use nickel wire (or stainless steel wire) to turn to the anode of a little circular pipe type again, steel wire has become positive tip to give prominence to, and is conducive to the electric discharge of anion anode.Barrier film is the stainless steel ring with next 1 rice diameter, is welded into the framework of drum type brake with stainless steel bar, then the net of the cloth-like be made into three layers of nickel wire or stainless steel wire surrounds into barrier film.

Before driving, equipment vacuumizes, and then with pump, the potassium hydroxide electrolyte of 30% is filled with electrolytic cell, after being full of electrolytic cell in anode tube, switch on power: the outer surface of anode, electrolyte generation decomposition reaction, produce hydrogen ion and release oxygen, oxygen floats immediately and enters 12 oxygen room; Hydrogen ion shifts to negative electrode by barrier film, non-Contact cathod, because of cathode point electric discharge, makes hydrogen ion become hydrogen, floats up to hydrogen chamber immediately.

5 circulating pumps constantly inject the electrolyte in anode cylinder, then gap is from network overflowed, and makes anode surface there is K always ⁺, there is not the phenomenon that resistance is large in ion.Accumulate in the K of negative electrode ⁺ion becomes potassium hydroxide, constantly by current scour, leaves negative electrode and moves up, and directly this is to flowing back to 4 electrolytic baths from 6,7 overflow pipes, makes negative electrode there is not accumulation because of potassium hydroxide, makes the phenomenon that resistance increases.This electrolytic cell may have higher electrolyzing rate, if electrolytic efficiency reaches more than 90%, again can electrolysis under the high pressure of 20MPa, and so nitrogen fertilizer industry will change, and realize the most short route of ammonia synthesis with nitrogen production by air separation electrolytic hydrogen production, this possibility exists.

2, thermal power plant co-producing acetylene acetone soln (aviation alternative fuel) technique.

Acetylene burns in oxygen, can produce the high temperature of 3000-4000 DEG C, the fuel of this high heating value, and it is very appropriate for being used as following aviation alternative fuel; Because it also has another characteristic, acetone at ambient pressure about solubilized be equivalent to the acetylene of 25 times of its volume, and at the acetylene of the suitable volume of 1.2MPa solubilized 300 times, this shows that acetylene acetone solution is desirable aviation fuel, not only calorific value is high but also be easy to carry.The available methane portion oxidation method of production of acetylene, namely in reacting furnace, oxygen and a part of methane first burn, and the methane that the heat of generation makes another part not fire is cracked into acetylene at reaction zone, then use shrend cold, because acetylene is unstable at 1200 DEG C, is decomposed into charcoal and hydrogen soon, methane pyrolysis therefore must be made to be after acetylene, leave high-temperature district as early as possible, so by the cold method of shrend, make methane cracking reaction gas cool rapidly, reach the object preparing acetylene.

Current combusting firepower plant emissions warms to environment for human survival and terrestrial climate and all becomes directly harm, if do not change coal-fired generation steam, and the method for generating, its harm can not terminate.Coal-fired pollutant has dust, oxysulfide (SO ₂, SO ₃) nitrogen oxide (NO _x) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂), current Mitigation options is actually inefficent, and do down the threat making human society face huge living environment deterioration according to this way, in 30 years, the earth will be not suitable for human living.Human society firmly must perform the measure of zero release of pollutant, just can overcome the huge challenge of facing mankind final and decisive juncture.

This law is exactly make coal-burning boiler become the reactor producing acetylene, and the high temperature that reacting furnace is 1500 DEG C does not only make the power plant underproduction but volume increase.It is necessary for producing and substituting aviation gasoline, because oil can for exploitation only surplus 50 years, just should stop being have for fuel now, oil is for the manufacture of high quality plastic, and staple fibre is more valuable.The technology path manufacturing acetylene with natural gas is also impracticable, because natural gas can for exploitation about 60 years, coal can for exploitation 300 years, this law adopts charcoal H-H reaction to generate the technology path of methane, Figure 22 and Figure 31 has proposed the method for the water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and oxygen of high effect, for this law provides technical support.

The sixties in 20th century, the schools such as textbook " Pyrology " Tsing-Hua University when I reads are write and are write, and " its highest 20-35% that is no more than of the thermal efficiency, the heat 65-80% that namely fuel sends is not utilized in Thermal Power Station.Put when wherein most importantly steam condenses in gas trap to the heat of cooling water, account for the heat about 50% that fuel sends ".The professors of authority think that the heat of 50% has been taken away in gas trap cooling, why go over half a century also not reform? so this technique will give up gas trap technology, allow the direct emptying of weary gas, because the cooling water needed for gas trap is very large, the power plant of 100000 kilowatts, about 20000 tons per hour of required cooling water; The direct weary gas emptying of this technique, the water approximately consumed is per hour is only 400 tons; Weary gas can make more merit, so be useful.The steam that this boiler produces does not make the working medium of steam turbine, but as heating steam, by heat exchanger, hard water is heated into the steam of work done, because the sodium ion emptying in soft water is unfavorable to environment, calcium in hard water does not then affect environment, because calcium is useful to people, hard water need not process simultaneously is cheap.

Figure 23 thermal power plant co-producing acetylene acetone soln (aviation alternative fuel) artwork: 1-first coal bunker; 2-second coal bunker; 3-self-conveyor feed; 4-self-conveyor feed; 5-boiler; 6-methane reactor; 7-hydrogen preheating chamber; 8-cyclone separator; 9-oxygen nozzle; 10-oxygen preheating chamber; 11-hydrogen nozzle; 12-feed pump; 13-boiler; 14-drum; 15-preheater; 16-steam generator; 17-waste heat boiler; 18-cyclone separator; 19-helical slag removing machine; 20-ash bucket; 21-electric precipitation; 22-cooler; 23-high pressure scrubber; 24-gas-liquid separator; 25-high-pressure hydraulic pump; 26-CO ₂refrigeration machine; 27-jet pump; 28-steam turbine; 29-generator; 30-absorption tower; 31-absorbs liquid bath; 32-high-pressure hydraulic pump; 33-water tank; 34-drum; 35-methanation furnace; 36-recycle compressor; 37-cyclone separator; 38-jet pump; 39-hydraulic spray; 40-hydraulic spray; 41-solvent pump.

Producing of hydrogen-oxygen adopts the water electrolysis of the circular tower electrolytic cell pump circular electrolyte of Figure 22 to make hydrogen-oxygen technique.Atmospheric pressure charcoal H-H reaction methane carries out in 5 boilers He in 6 methane reactor, and these tubulations are but that nickel system plays catalyst (comprise 7 hydrogen preheaters and 10 oxygen preheaters are all nickel systems); Pulverized Coal Bin has two objects to seal.The hydrogen of 600 DEG C and coal dust react in 6 methane reactor; Coal dust, the hydrogen of boiling enter in 5 tubulations and continue reaction, and reaction heat is absorbed by the saturation water between managing makes steam (6 methane reactor, all lead to charcoal and hydrogen between pipe in pipe, tubulation plays catalyst action); The charcoal hydrogen reactant of boiling carries out gas solid separation at 8 cyclone separators, gas is bypassed to boiler, and solid carbon enters boiler in left side, and oxygen sprays in charcoal and burns, high-temperature effect produces the temperature of 1500 DEG C, methane gas has been heated to middle and lower part, and temperature has reached 1300 DEG C, produces hot tearing reaction, generate acetylene, under cold water quenching, have left high-temperature region, bottom temperature is 200 DEG C, and (general quenching temperature 300 DEG C produces carbon black; This quenching does not produce carbon black to 700 DEG C and generates CO and H ₂; The reactant of boiler enters 17 waste heat boilers, enters 18 cyclone separators after cooling, and lime-ash is entered in 20 ash buckets by 19 helical slag removing machines, and gas enters 21 electric precipitations, then enters 22 cooler coolings, then enters 24 gas-liquid separator heated scrubs and (make H ₂s and CO desorb), enter 23 high pressure scrubbers after cooling further; 25 high-pressure hydraulic pumps enter CO washings pressurization ₂refrigeration machine 26 (CO ₂refrigeration machine principle is shown in Fig. 2) cooling after enter 23 water under high pressure scrubbing towers washing synthesis gas in H ₂s and CO ₂.Cracking gas enters 30 absorption towers after washing, and solvent pump 41 sends solvent N-methyl pyrilidone into 30 absorption tower shower nozzle ejections, absorbs acetylene, concentration of acetylene 8%, further extract.(also can use acetone acetylene, directly become aviation fuel).

Forming gas enters 35 methanation furnaces after entering 34 drums absorption heats and carries out methanation reaction: CO+3H ₂=CH ₄+ H ₂o.Use nickel-base catalyst, reaction temperature 230 DEG C, reactor adopts heat exchanger configuration, and manage and in-builtly urge agent, be the saturation water of 230 DEG C between pipe, pressure is 30 atmospheric pressure, and when namely temperature produces steam higher than 230 DEG C, steam enters 34 drums; As CO and H ₂enter drum to absorb heat saturated vapor and be condensed into water, return between 35 methanation boiler tubes, this structure ensures that reaction is carried out under optimal temperature.The methane generated and reacting gas enter 36 recycle compressors, and be depressed into 50 air and send the preparing ethyne by cracking reaction that 13 boilers carry out methane back to, this method makes the productive rate of acetylene reach more than 30%.

The heating steam that boiler produces, out enters 16 steam generators from 14 drums, produces steam, enters the air that 28 jet pumps absorb preheating, enter 28 steam turbine works done, make 29 electrical power generators.Heating steam out enters 15 preheaters from 16 steam generators, running water pump 32 in 33 water tanks is compressed to the atmospheric water preheat to 300 DEG C of high pressure 200, just heating steam has then become saturation water, return in boiler with 12 feed pumps and heat, heating steam reaches critical pressure 221 atmospheric pressure, and being heated to 374.2 DEG C just becomes steam.This technique is positive without gas trap condensing gas, because the power plant of 100,000 kilowatts, cooling water needed for condenser, per hourly reach 20000 tons, and 400 tons per hour of the weary gas of emptying, not only water consumption has been economized, and weary gas can make more merit, before hard water steam enters turbine, a large amount of hot-air is sucked with jet pump, the dividing potential drop of steam is reduced, thus unlikely generation condensate water, make the work of steamer function, therefore weary gas work done can cause emptying after low pressure, now exhausted temperature is lower than atmospheric temperature, now steam turbine has become refrigeration machine, the steam of emptying is exactly cold air, antagonism atmospheric warming is useful, weary steam on high in, at certain weather conditions, ground is fallen back in one-tenth rainwater, this circulation is useful, rainy day is the sky lowered the temperature, when being also rinse air, contribute to cleaning ambient.

Similar to Figure 23, i.e. the boiler in thermal power plant, can become chemical reactor, carries out chemical reaction on the one hand, and absorption reaction heat makes steam, for thermal power generation on the one hand.Realize pernicious gas zero-emission, generated energy does not then subtract, and the economic benefit in power plant is multiplied.

Figure 24 thermal power plant combined producing dimethyl ether, methane ethanolic solution (diesel oil, gasoline alternative fuels) artwork: 1-first coal bunker; 2-second coal bunker; 3-self-conveyor feed; 4-self-conveyor feed; The upper methanation furnace of 5-; Methanation furnace under 6-; 7-cyclone separator; 8-cyclone separator; 9-drum; 10-boiler; 11-oxygen nozzle; 12-waste heat boiler; 13-cyclone separator; 14-helical slag removing machine; 15-ash bucket; 16-oxygen preheater; 17-hard water heater; 18-steam generator; 19-steam turbine; 20-generator; 21-city water tank; 22-high-pressure hydraulic pump; 23-heat exchanger; 24-water scrubber; 25-pressure-reducing valve; 26-gas-liquid separator; 27-water pump; 28-CO ₂refrigerator; 29-dimethyl ether reactor; 30-steamdrum; 31-steamdrum; 32-methanation furnace; 33-cooler; 34-absorption of dimethyl ether tower; The 35-dimethyl ether aqueous solution; 36-methane absorber; 37-methane ethanolic solution; 38-feed pump; 39-jet pump; 40-hydrogen preheater; 41-steam jet.

Produce oxygen and the circular tower electrolytic cell of hydrogen Figure 22, the water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and oxygen technique of pump circular electrolyte.This electrolysis 50 atmospheric water electrolysis, generate 50 atmospheric hydrogen and oxygen; Enter 40 hydrogen preheaters and 16 oxygen preheater preheats to 600 DEG C respectively; Charcoal sends into 6 times methane reactor through two coal bunkers, 4 self-conveyor feeds; Tubulation is that nickel manufacture is worked as catalyst, and nickel manufacture also used by hydrogen preheater, and charcoal and hydrogen generate methane under catalysis; Enter methane reactor on 5, charcoal hydrogen at boiling in ducts on, reaction heat uses aquatic producing steam between pipe.Reactant falls into boiler bottom through 8 cyclone separator solid carbon, and oxygen nozzle ejection oxygen makes charcoal burn in high temperature, and the comburant that boiling is risen reaches 1300 DEG C, and steam jet ejection steam reaction produces CO and H ₂gas; Boiler is inhaled high heat and is produced steam.This boiler for producing critical-temperature 374 DEG C of high-pressure steam 220 atmospheric pressure; By 9 drums, import steam generator, sending being firmly heated into 200 atmospheric steam into 19 steam turbine works done, making 20 electrical power generators.In boiler under the successive reaction of oxygen-steam, temperature reaches more than 1300 DEG C, now CO ₂content is few, H ₂, CO content is high, this is dimethyl ether reactant, and the effect of boiler both meets the requirement of producing steam, meets again and produces H ₂, CO chemical substance requirement.

Running water in 21 water tanks, is compressed to 200 atmospheric pressure, 17 hard water heaters of making a gift to someone with two high-pressure hydraulic pump, first do to heat for manufacturing steam, then enter 18 steam generator generating steams, the steam that boiler produces only is used as to heat, and the hard water steam of generation just enters work done in turbine; Heating steam is after 18 steam generators and 17 hard water heaters, and saturated vapor has become saturation water, returns boiler (methane reactor is also boiler) with 38 feed pumps, manufactures heating steam.From 8 cyclonic separation methane, hydrogen out, enter 12 waste heat boilers with boiler H out ₂, CO gas carries out heat exchange together with charcoal ash.Then enter 13 cyclonic separation, breeze 14 helical slag removing machines enter in 15 ash buckets, and synthesis gas enters 23 heat exchangers after then entering 16 electric precipitations be enter 24 water scrubbers after cooling, removing H ₂s and CO ₂, cleaning solution, through 25 pressure-reducing valves, enters 26 gas-liquid separators, gas H ₂s and CO ₂after desorb, the washings be sent to after sulfuric acid manufacture (method of Sulphuric acid is shown in Fig. 9 and description) desorb add force feed 28CO with 27 water pumps ₂refrigerator (CO ₂refrigeration is shown in Fig. 2 and description thereof) enter water scrubber shower nozzle ejection washing synthesis gas after frozen cooling.Forming gas after washing is by 23 heat exchangers, and temperature enters 30 steamdrums absorption heats after raising after, temperature reaches 230 DEG C and enters 29 dimethyl ether reactors, with catalyst for methanol copper zinc-aluminium and dehydrating agent KAI ₂o ₃, reactant enters 31 steamdrums and absorbs heats, and temperature reaches 250 DEG C and enters 32 methane stoves and carry out methanation reaction: CO+3H ₂=CH ₄+ H ₂o.Above two reactors have the structure of heat exchanger, i.e. pipe apparatus with catalyst inside, are saturation water between pipe, and the former the saturation water pressure of 230 DEG C is 30 atmospheric pressure; The latter's saturation water 250 DEG C of pressure are nearly 40 atmospheric pressure; Reaction temperature exceedes saturation temperature and namely produces steam, rises in steamdrum, between the pipe of the rear Returning reactor of cooling, makes reaction maintain suitable temperature, has maximum productive rate.Cooled reactant enters 34 absorption of dimethyl ether towers, absorb with water, motor vehicle fuel (aqueous solution of DME also can be made diesel fuel and use) unabsorbed gas can be condensed into enter 36 methane absorbers in rectifying column, absorb methane with ethanol to become gasoline and substitute hydrogen preheater, be preheated to 600 DEG C and release to react with charcoal and generate methane.

3, new-type atomic reactor and new-type magnetohydrodynamic generator technique.

The energy of releasing when the uranium-235 of one kilogram is fissioned is 8.32 × 10 ¹³joule, be equivalent to 2000 tons of gasoline or 2800 tons of coals, the exploitation of nuclear energy provide inexhaustible power for the mankind; There is many problems, current nuclear power station many employings presurized water reactor and boiling-water reactor, newly-built nuclear power station in current nuclear power station, and this light water reactor accounts for 90%; It is generally acknowledged light water reactor structure and running and comparing simple, size is little, and cost is low, has good security, reliability and economy, thus be used widely, this opinion is mistaken ideas, and the nuclear accident of Russia and the U.S. and the nuclear accident of Japan are all in light water reactor, making cooling agent with light-water is all a kind of gross mistake, do with water the artificial radioactivity that the important problem of cooling agent is water, will radioactive pollution be caused, and cause the difficulty of operational maintenance.Also have a significant problem, light-water is quite high to the capture cross-section of neutron, time thermal neutron absorption comparatively strong, breeder reaction can not be carried out.

This nuclear reactor will realize expanding capacity, must not make cooling agent with light-water, and this heap graphite makes moderator, and carbon dioxide cools; Carbon dioxide absorption neutron cross section is little, and price is low, does not have toxicity, it is generally acknowledged that temperature can not use more than 350 DEG C of HTGRs.Be like this to carbon steel, problem do not had to Corrosion of Stainless Steel, the stainless steel manufacture of this heap, topped with cooling agent contact site stainless steel, heavy water and helium can be also had as cooling agent.

Reactor current cored structure is in-problem, and the diameter 1 centimetre that fuel ball is so little is high 1.5 centimetres, loads in the zirconium alloy pipe of 0.6 millimeter.It is out of joint that the nuclear accident of America and Soviet Union is exactly the fuel can that manufactures of zircaloy, when reactor temperature reach spending 1000 more time, can and water vapour there is violent oxidation reaction: Zr+H ₂o → ZrO ₂+ 2H ₂, hydrogen and oxygen mixing can occur " hydrogen is quick-fried ", and in fact Three Mile Island there occurs the blast of local; Soviet Union Chernobyl very short time, an explosion occurred, also relevant with zirconium shell.

The involucrum of this nuclear fuel adopts stainless steel manufacture, wall thickness 2 millimeters, height 3.6 meters, diameter 3 centimetres; The not integrated bundle part of fuel, but be independently inserted in one by one on graphite preposition.Thin rod made by current fuel, and object makes fission neutron leave in fuel rod to around moderator very soon, the shortcoming brought, and fuel rod is strong not, cracky, and this is large problem; This single fuel rod is uranium _-235with uranium _-238, the component of 3: 1 mixes, and moderator graphite also mixes, then manufactures diameter 3 centimetres, high 3 centimetres of hard potteries, and this fuel pellet loads in the stainless steel bar of 2 millimeters thick successively, once there is nuclear reaction, neutron may with the uranium of 1/3rd _-238reaction generates plutonium _-239, this probability about three one-tenth; Sixty percent is had to be neutron and graphite and uranium _-235play nuclear reaction, so without the need to making thin rod, this reactor has for breeder reaction.

The nuclear accident of America and Soviet Union, control rod does not play the effect controlled immediately, there is serious shortcoming in controlling organization, it is problematic that controlling organization is located at above reactor, because the highest part of nuclear accident temperature is above reactor, temperature is once more than 800 DEG C, and inserting control rod cannot may insert and can not shutdown because the distortion of reactor object.This control rod is located at reactor bottom, and control rod is fixed on piston, as long as piston moves, all control rods all reach in heap, prevent the generation of nuclear reaction; Piston is by rack geared, and motor rotates and makes pinion rotation, and pinion rotation band carry-over bar moves or moves down, and tooth bar is exactly piston rod, and therefore the control action of control rod at the right time.

Current magnetic current power generation has grave error, the high-temperature gas of burning, utilizes high temperature to make gas ionization, produces high-temperature electric conduction gas and enters power channel generating, and this method heat loss is necessarily very large, and high temperature causes a lot of difficulty.The motion of the conductor cutting line of force, the gas motion speed producing induced electromotive force: ε=BLu burning is certainly little, unfavorable to generating.The unfavorable high temperature of this rule produces ion but high-tension electric field, voltage 4-7 × 10 ⁴v, by DC corona discharge effect, electric field is made to make the gas ionization in electric field become cation and anion, gas is made to become electrical conductor, gas has high conductance, in order to make gas high-speed motion manufacture high steam, reducing pressure and obtain high velocity air in power channel, cutting magnetic line movement, because this gas has very high speed.This superconducting magnet field intensity can reach 5T or higher, and the magnetic induction intensity of general electromagnet is general not higher than 2.5T, and will consume a large amount of electric energy and powerful rectifying installation, sees ε=BLu with the formula, just because superconducting magnet makes the induced electromotive force of generating double.

Current high-temperature superconductor, the temperature of zero resistance has been brought up to 130K (namely-143 DEG C) and has not been liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) but more than liquid methane critical temperature regime (methane critical-temperature-82.5 DEG C).Methane refrigerant of the present invention reaches-160 DEG C, and make the application of high-temperature superconductor more cheap and convenient, this technique just maintains superconduction refrigeration system by methane cold.

The new-type nuclear reaction of Figure 25 and new-type magnetohydrodynamic generator schematic diagram: 1-pressure container cover; 2-pressure vessel; 3-nuclear fuel rod; 4-control rod; 5-piston; 6-rack geared machine; 7-graphite stack; 8-preheater; 9-steam generator; 10-jet pump; 11-high-pressure hydraulic pump; 12-city water tank; 13-hydrogen basin; 14-methane basin; 15-condenser; 16-magnetic valve; 17-jet pump; 18-methane cooler; 19-superconducting magnet case; 20-power channel; 21-absorption tower; 22-thermal decomposition tower; 23-electromagnetic oven; 24-anode; 25-circulation compressor.

2 pressure vessels are high 12 meters, diameter 5 meters, and upper end has into air fenestra, give vent to anger fenestra in lower end.Graphite stack is overall similar to cylinder of internal-combustion engine, has piston, and piston piston rod is connected, and piston rod is tooth bar, is driven by motor by gear driven gear; Realize piston to move up and down, thus control rod is moved up and down reach the object controlling nuclear reaction.

The outer image of graphite stack is cellular, is piled up by hundreds of part graphite components to form, has fuel rod hole, also have control rod hole.Fuel rod gathers together and is, upper end is fixed on (on card) on stainless framework, when refuelling, with crane, 11 pressure container covers are hung away, again lid of reactor is opened, then fuel rod collection of component (comprising stainless steel frame) is hung away, change fresh fuel bar integration assembly (comprising stainless steel frame) and lift up into insert in the hole of graphite.

When nuclear reaction starts, motor makes rack-and-pinion rotate, and just piston moves down, and control rod moves down, and vacates nuclear reaction space, and 25 circulation compressors are 10 atmospheric CO ₂in press-in reactor, cooling nuclear fuel rod, is heated to the CO of 600 DEG C ₂enter 9 steam generators, hard water in tubulation is heated into 200 atmospheric steam, by 10 jet pumps, suck the hot-air of cooling 2 pressure vessel, enter magnetohydrodynamic generator path 10, right wall is anode, left wall is negative electrode, pre-on dc source during generating, electrode has most advanced and sophisticated outstanding, in 4-7 × 10 ⁴in the electric field of V, produce negative pole point discharge, make the steam entering power channel be ionized into ion, pass through power channel 20 when 200 atmospheric pressure decompression with great speed, cutting magnetic induction line motion produces induced electromotive force, and weary gas is cooled to below normal temperature, emptying from chimney stack, because of CO ₂the absorption cross-section of cooling agent to neutron is little, so steam also "dead" material, emptying is safe.

19 superconducting magnetic casees liquid methane-82.5 DEG C soaks coil, with 18 methane cooler dimension refrigeration systems, when temperature higher than when-82.5 DEG C is, methane saturated solution then produces steam, methane gas rises between 18 methane refrigerant tracheaes, the cold of methane refrigerant in absorption tube, makes methane gas be condensed into liquid, returns in 19 superconducting magnetic casees.Methane refrigerant principle as shown in Figure 3.Figure 25 also provides CH ₄refrigeration system.During methane refrigerant, 16 magnetic valves are opened, liquid methane from 14 methane basins out, enter 17 jet pumps, suck diffusant hydrogen and enter cool room, because of the diffusion of hydrogen, reduce the dividing potential drop of methane, thus make methane be vaporized into gas and freeze, the methane gas between pipe between cryovial makes methane be condensed into liquid to return in 19 superconducting magnet casees.Methane hydrogen refrigerant gas enters 15 condensers, the methane gas in tubulation is frozen into first ammonium liquid, flows back to methane basin.Refrigerant gas out enters 21 absorption towers, the methane making cold air is absorbed with ethanol, non-absorbent gaseous hydrogen enters between 22 thermal decomposition pipes, freezing by the ethanolic solution of electromagnetic oven heating, ethanolic solution has arrived thermal decomposition top of tower, carry out gas-liquid to divide, gases methane enters 15 condensers and becomes liquid methane, and liquid ethanol then overflow to 21 absorption tower absorbs methane gas.

4, nuclear power jet plane.

The nuclear reactor that Figure 27 is new-type, the control system transmitted with rack pinion is very flexible, is convenient to control power and is suitable for large-scale means of transport and is used as power; This Nuclear Power System all in aircraft bottom cargo hold, horizontal nuclear reactor at drive end unit, away from passenger, make it not by the threat of radioactive substance, this nuclear power jet plane is maximization aircraft, can refer to the appearance and size of u.s. space shuttle, namely aircraft length is 37 meters, high 17 meters;

Figure 26 nuclear power jet plane schematic diagram: 1-actuating motor; The high-power centrifugal compressor of 2-; 3-hot gas turbine; 4-CO ₂circulation compressor; 5-heat exchanger; 6-graphite C O ₂air cooling breeder reactor; The electronic chalk of 7-; The electronic chalk of 8-; 9-jet pipe; 10-jet pipe; 11-rotorjet; 12-rotorjet; 13-rotorjet; 14-rotorjet; The 15-hot gas left side exports; Export on the right of 16-hot gas; 17-jet pump.

When taking off, the motor of reactor control rod rotates, and driven gear racks turn, makes piston move down, and control rod is moved down.Expose reaction zone, 4CO ₂circulation pressure main frame is CO ₂compressor 10 atmospheric pressure, sends into nuclear reaction cooling in heap and removes fuel rod, the CO of 600 DEG C ₂gas from reactor out, enters 5 heat exchangers, meanwhile, 1 actuating motor drives high-power high voltage contracting machine, more than air compressing to 300 atmospheric pressure, by 17 jet pumps, suck large quantity of air, make pressure-air cooling, air enters 5 heat exchangers, absorbs heat juice temperature more than 500 DEG C, enters 3 hot gas turbine works done, drive 2 high heart compressor compresses air, the hot-air after hot gas turbine work done is high pressure.Enter the automatically controlled chalk of 7.8 electronic chalk from two, the left and right outlet 15.16 of 3 hot gas turbines and pressure-air is imported 11.12.13.14 rotorjet, from revolving the ejection of oar end, make rotor wing rotation, make aircraft vertical increase, arrived the electronic chalk 7.8 in high-altitude and sprayed in pressure-air importing left and right both wings totally four jet pipes, made aircraft at a high speed forward, underspeed near destination, start rotor, aircraft declines gradually, and having arrived airport can vertically decline.

5, nuclear power magnetic fluid electrical rocket sky and space plane.

The sky and space plane of current various countries imagination carries oxidant and incendiary agent, and the Space Shuttle Columbia of U.S. gross mass of taking off is more than 2000 ton.This is that what wonderful works very heavy aircraft does not have, this sky and space plane is nuclear, one kilogram of oil-235 is equivalent to 2000 tons, gasoline, institute's carrying fuel is very light, this nuclear power is different from Figure 26 nuclear power jet plane, that aircraft is by centrifugal compressor compression pressure-air, and high-temperature is jet, and speed may reach supersonic speed.But the task of performing the outer space is then helpless, and leave the earth, arrived Mars landing, need to reach the escape velocity, 11.2 kilometer per seconds, use magnetic fluid electrical rocket, this sky and space plane just can fly away from the earth, for power reaches this target.This sky and space plane, adopts the size of the space shuttle " Huo Tuoer " of Britain.Long 62 meters of aircraft, only has long aircraft, it is 60 meters long that magnetic fluid accelerates road, make jet velocity be possible more than 11.2 kilometer per seconds, this sky and space plane has two dynamical systems, and one is take air as that a set of dynamical system of style aircraft as jet in Figure 28 nuclear power of working medium, two is working medium with water, magnetic fluid electrical rocket system, during landing, these two systems are started simultaneously, guarantee VTOL safety.

Figure 27 nuclear power magnetic fluid electrical rocket sky and space plane schematic diagram, 1-actuating motor, 2-high-pressure centrifugal compressor, 3-steam turbine, 4-heat exchanger, 5-water tank, 6-heat exchanger, 7-high-pressure hydraulic pump, 8-graphite gas? breeder reactor, 9-CO2 circulation compressor, 10-superconducting magnet case, 11-superconducting magnet case, 12-magnetohydrodynamic generator passage, 13-magnetic fluid thrust accelerated passage, 14-magnetic fluid starts accelerated passage, 15-magnetic fluid down spray box, 16-magnetic fluid down spray box, 17-magnetic fluid advances spray box, 18-magnetic fluid is not moved spray box, 19, 20, 21, 22-is jet-propelled selects one, 23 flap valves, 24-flap valve, 25-jet the right outlet, 26-jet left side outlet, 27-jet pump.

Reaction power system is with Figure 26 and explanation thereof, no longer repeat, magnetic fluid electrical rocket, electricity generating principle is with Figure 25 and illustrate consistent, superconduction refrigeration system is with Figure 25 and illustrate consistent, originally surpasses long 60 meters of magnet, long 60 meters of power channel, 12 magnetohydrodynamic generator channel electrodes are consistent with 13 magnetic fluid thrust accelerated passage electrodes, and 14 magnetic fluid braking acceleration roads are contrary with the electrode of power channel.

When sky and space plane takes off, high steam enter 12 magnetohydrodynamic generator passages and enter 14 magnetic fluids do not move braking accelerate road connect dc source in advance, 4-7 × 10 ⁴v, the magnetic fluid that 13 magnetic fluid thrusts accelerate road changes 180 ° from power channel, meanwhile the passage of level ejection blocked by 23 and 24 flap valves, open downward passage, therefore aircraft vertical rises, arrive high aloft steam to stop leading to 14 magnetic fluids 4 braking acceleration roads, road 17 magnetic fluid that simultaneously horizontal jet opened by 24 flap valves advances spray box ejection magnetic fluid steam to be at a high speed through 60 meters and is about and powerfully accelerates that road accelerates, exhaust velocity reaches ten times of the highest exhaust velocity 4000m/S of chemical propellant, can perform and fly away from earth outer space task, this sky and space plane is because there being two cover VTOL systems.Fool proof, can be descending in endoatmosphere, carrying can reach 2,000 people, and airbus A380 carrying 850 is unsafe, out of joint in the air, can not any airfield landing, and this aircraft does not but need 1 hour to any city.

6, the electric locomotive of nuclear power magnetohydrodynamic generator.

Because Electric Locomotive is large, climbing capacity is strong, is therefore responsible for the freight volume of suitable proportion.Current continuous current locomotive, contact net voltage can not be too high, generally use 3300 volts, electric current is very large, electric power netting twine is very thick, contact net is quite large, there is a kind of AC and DC power locomotive at present, contact net 20-25 kilovolt, high voltage alternating current, direct current is become with step-down and rectification in car, contact net voltage is improved, wire glass is reduced, also electric substation's quantity is reduced, although this improves, critical defect still exists, the new-type nuclear reactor of Figure 25 and new-type magnetohydrodynamic generator, be suitable for locomotive, produce electric power, because rack pinion control system is very effective, used by nuclear fuel jacketing 2 millimeters of stainless steels are fool proof.Nuclear power magnetohydrodynamic generator is arranged in the final compartment of locomotive, nuclear reactor is arranged on compartment eminence, nuclear reactor does not affect machine passenger inside the vehicle, and the weary gas of emptying does not also affect passenger simultaneously.

The electric power lathe schematic diagram of Figure 28 nuclear power magnetohydrodynamic generator: 1-nuclear reactor; 2-power channel; 3-superconducting magnet case; 4-superconducting magnet case; 5-steam generator; 6-? water preheater; 7-high-pressure hydraulic pump; 8-CO2 circulation compressor; 9-city water tank; 10-control rod; 11-rack-and-pinion controller; 12-blow vent; 13-jet pump; 14-pressure vessel; Driver's cabin and motor are on headstock, magnetohydrodynamic generator on train tail by direct current cables by roof electric power transfer on the motor on headstock, the nuclear power generation of the tailstock is that depopulated zone is controlled by headstock driver's cabin entirely, this nuclear reactor is gas-graphite breeder reactor, and the nuclear fuel because of hot charge bar is uranium _-235and uranium _-238mixing, (unrestrained agent graphite also mix) ratio between two is 3: 1,1, namely producing the fission probability of thermal neutron is 3/4ths, fast neutron quilt _uranium-238absorb and probability be 1/4th, ensure that fission reaction continues to carry out, the breeder reaction of 1/4th also can occur, the plutonium produced be fission fuel, reactor is on the top of trailer, and nuclear radiation can not injure the people in compartment.Nuclear fuel rod, stainless steel cladding 2 millimeters thick, very firm, will not be damaged, radiation block can not be run out of outside involucrum, fool proof, when changing nuclear fuel, locomotive is driven in ad hoc branch line, with outstanding door crane, the pressure container cover of steel plate inside 30 is hung out, lid of reactor is hung out, fuel rod aggregate is comprised stainless steel card framework etc., hang out from the hole of graphite stack, gantry leaves at a distance, spent fuel aggregate is hung in swimmer's pool, spend half a year just to hang out, put on truck, send spentnuclear fuel process place, new nuclear fuel aggregate hangs in the hole of nuclear reactor graphite together with stainless steel card framework, then headkerchief is covered.

When locomotive starts, the bridge remote control 8CO on headstock ₂circulation compressor is 10 atmospheric CO ₂in feeding nuclear reactor, nuclear reactor controller, electric machine rotation driven gear racks turn, makes piston move down, and control rod declines, and expose plate reaction zone, the right heat energy of involucrum of fuel rod is by CO ₂absorb and lower the temperature, the CO of 500 DEG C ₂enter steam generator, hard water is generated 200 atmospheric steam enter in 13 jet pump suction pressure containers and enter 2 power channels for the hot-air cooled, left wall is negative electrode, right wall is anode, generate electricity quickly through 2 power channels, dc source by cable electric power transfer on headstock upper motor, in order to pick up speed, bridge remote control controller makes piston move down, expose more fuel rod, carry out fission reaction, to improve power, this nuclear reactor and magnetohydrodynamic generator nuclear power unit and Fig. 5 completely the same.

7, magnetic fluid electrical rocket ship

Existing magnetic fluid Push Technology in the world, this is incorrect technology, magnetic fluid working medium is made with seawater, seawater must be caused from causing water electrolysis reaction, contaminated environment and wastes power, this is the difficulty that cannot overcome, and this magnetic fluid electrical rocket is consistent with the magnetic fluid electrical rocket in Figure 29, is also the consistent electricity-generating method of Figure 27 of mediating a settlement.

Figure 29 nuclear power magnetic fluid electrical rocket ship schematic diagram: 1-gas-graphite breeder reactor; 2-pressure vessel; 3-water preheater; 4-CO2 circulation compressor; 5-steam generator; 6-water tank; 7-high-pressure hydraulic pump; 8-superconducting magnet case; 9-power channel; 10-magnetic fluid accelerated passage; 11-superconducting magnet case; 12-dc motor; 13-screw; 14-jet pump; 15-air vent; 16-venthole.

This nuclear reactor is placed on ship extreme higher position, make nuclear radiation unlikely injury crewman, this ship has two cover propulsion systems, and one is 13 propeller propulsion systems that dc motor drives, and generally uses when berthing space travels at a slow speed, two is magnetic fluid electrical rocket propulsion systems, in large marine use, two dynamical systems all use superconducting magnet generator, to produce electric power, when need generate electricity, 4CO ₂circulation compressor is the CO of 10 air ₂send in 1 nuclear reactor and cool fuel rod, from the reactor roof CO of 600 DEG C out ₂gas enters 5 steam generators, produce the 500 DEG C of progress 14 jet pumps suctions of steam 200 atmospheric pressure and enter air by 15 air vents, cooling nuclear reactor outer wall becomes high temperature air, from 16 ventholes out, suck in 14 jet pumps with steam how together with, quickly through 9 power channels after high steam decompression.Power channel has made it 47 × 10 with induction coil ⁴the electric field of V, (right wall is positive pole, left wall is negative pole, and the two poles of the earth have most advanced and sophisticated outstanding, produce corona discharge after connecting with the mains, steam is made to be ionized into ion, steam has become electric conductor, cutting magnetic line movement, produces and moves the electromotive force sense of current right-hand rule, namely the sense of current identical with induction coil is created, induction electric force=BLu, power supply connected by direct current generator, have rotated screw, ships is advanced, outputing berthing space enters marine greatly, direct current generator is stopped power supply, make that 10 magnetic fluid accelerated passages (acceleration is led to has common electrode below power channel) have enough electric power, the steam (magnetic fluid) of energising produces Ampere force under the effect of superconducting magnetic field force, make magnetic fluid produce accelerated motion direction left hand rule (namely to stern rapid air injection) most backwardly to spray into obliquely in water, promote ships fast forward, motive force F=ILB accelerates more than 40 meters, road, the acceleration produced is quite large, this magnetic fluid electrical rocket makes ships shoot ahead.

8, deuterium-tritium head-on collision nuclear fusion and magnetohydrodynamic generator technique.

Thermonuclear reaction is only on the sun, the thermonuclear reaction stove of this world view mould is just possible, controlled thermonuclear fusion must not to be implemented on earth, make high temperature, highdensity plasma state can maintain certain hour, and be impossibility with Artificial Control, the method of the realized controllable thermonuclear fusion that they have an optimistic view of is that " magnetic confinement " passes to electric current by some groups of coil panels, form toroidal magnetic field, by the plasma confinement of high-temperature high-density wherein, it is made to reach the condition of igniting, this " tokamak ", this is real dream, must not be successful.Because 10 ⁸the high temperature of K, is early coiled into gas coil, and it is said on December 10th, 1993, create the world record of nuclear fusion reaction energy work rate 5.6 megawatt at Princeton, I doubts this record, and why the coil of Princeton is able to take 10 ⁸the high temperature of K.The eighties in 20th century, I proposes the scheme that deuterium-tritium head-on collision realizes nuclear fusion, to the atomic energy expert in Shanghai negated, 2005, suddenly deuterium-tritium head-on collision nuclear fusion possibility success is contemplated again when I devises annular magnetic fluid accelerating attachment, soon I have found a book in bookstore, Zheng Renrong, Zhu Shunquan " nuclear physics and radiochemistry " 36 pages: " 1934, rutherford and Ao Lifen will with Hart gram with deuteron bombardment deuterium time, create the helium that quality is 3, achieve nuclear fusion first in the world " author say " its scientific meaning is as good as the existing Nobel Prize " really the experiment of the scientist of significant talent to it disclose nuclear fusion uniquely correct, the road of head-on collision, I proposes deuterium-tritium head-on collision nuclear fusion existing 30 years so far history from first time, my non-one day of scheme is cold, now formally propose patent application.

Figure 30 deuterium-tritium head-on collision nuclear fusion and magnetohydrodynamic generator process schematic representation: 1-city water tank; 2-hard water and hot device; 3-steam generator; 4-high-pressure hydraulic pump; 5-feed pump; 6-jet pump; 7-superconducting magnet case; 8-nuclear fusion boiler; 9-deuterium-tritium annular accelerates road; 10-drum; 11-electromagnet; 12-armature; 13-armature cover; 14-superconducting magnet case; 15-power channel; 16-superconducting magnet case, 17-heavy water vapour heater; 18-gas-liquid separator; 19-tritium basin; 20-check valve, 9 deuteriums-tritium annular accelerates road diameter 3 meters, and it is wide 30 centimetres that annular accelerates road, high 10 centimetres, cryogenic magnetic field does not cover whole deuterium-tritium annular and accelerates road, and right-hand member 30 centimeters does not have cryogenic magnetic field, and object is that 11 electromagnet are not affected by cryogenic magnetic field, perform the function of its electromagnet, deuterium-tritium accelerates to accelerate in road in 9 deuteriums-tritium annular together, and cylindrical wall is positive pole, and inner round wall is negative pole, the relative part in the two poles of the earth has most advanced and sophisticated outstanding, as connection dc source 4-7X10 ⁴during V, produce point discharge, in corona discharge, tritium-tritium has all become magnetic fluid, has electric conductivity, electrical conductor is in magnetic field, be subject to the effect of magnetic field force, produce Ampere force, the direction left hand rule of F=ILB Ampere force, now deuterium-tritium magnetic fluid moves in the direction of the clock, because electric current and magnetic field force are huge, the power of generation is very large, therefore produces high accelerated motion.

Due to deuterium-tritium atomic nucleus all positively chargeds, two positively charged cores be made close, enough kinetic energy must be had, to overcome Coulomb repulsion between the two.

This deuterium-tritium magnetic fluid and accelerator can produce huge kinetic energy, not second to 10 ⁸the kinetic energy of plasma during K high temperature, but in order to be deuterium-tritium head-on collision, light has enough kinetic energy to be not all right, them also will be made to clash, the device of 11 electromagnet is exactly arrange in order to deuterium-tritium head-on collision, the circuit 2 of magnet spool engage relay, the circuit 1 of relay is due to thermostat control, when temperature height, thermostat makes relay circuit 1 be energized, now relay 2 power-off, make armature magnetic field hour, and fall in 13 armature covers, deuterium-tritium is made to have path and accelerate by clockwise movement, when the temperature is low, thermostat makes relay circuit 1 power-off, thus relay circuit 2 is made to be energized, magnetic field is evoked inside and outside iron core, armature is magnetized, attracted by iron core, jump up from armature cover, block the outlet of deuterium-tritium, and clash, because the deuterium-tritium under cryogenic magnetic field all has high kinetic energy, occurring to clash with armature causes the deuterium in whole acceleration road-tritium chain of rings to clash, because all deuteriums-tritium kinetic energy is enough to very greatly overcome the Coulomb repulsion between deuterium-tritium body, and there is fusion reaction.It is sealing that 9 deuteriums-tritium annular accelerates road, and do not allow deuterium, deuterium-tritium has leakage part, so armature cover is also sealing.

8 nuclear fusion boiler stainless steels manufacture, with heavy water coolant (because the neutron absorption cross-section of heavy water is little), but because heavy water generates tritium under neutron irradiation, tritium has radioactivity, so heavy water only uses in the first loop, 8 nuclear fusion boilers produce the atmospheric middle water vapour of critical pressure 221.03 of critical-temperature 374.2 DEG C, steam from 10 drums out, enter 17 heavy water heaters, the water of secondary circuit is heated into the secondary circuit heating steam of 300 DEG C, 200 atmospheric pressure, the heating steam of secondary circuit enters steam generator, produce entering after 6 jet pumps suck air of 250 DEG C, hard water steam 200 atmospheric pressure and enter 15 power channel generatings, weary gas is in chimney stack emptying, secondary circuit steam enters 2 hard water preheater heating hard water, secondary circuit steam has become saturation water, squeeze into 17 heavy water heaters by 5 feed pumps and produce secondary circuit steam.

When heavy water produces tritium gas under neutron irradiation, tritium emerges, play in drum with steam one, 17 heavy water vapour heaters are entered together with steam, secondary circuit is heated into steam, enter steam generation, hard water is heated into the working medium of steam as generating, generate electricity at magnetohydrodynamic generator passage after sucking air at jet pump, 18 gas-liquid separators are entered from 17 heavy water vapour heaters heavy water out and tritium, gas tritium enters 19 tritium storage tanks by check valve 20, tritium can also suck neutron by lithium and obtain tritium, tritium can obtain in the seawater endlessly, tritium is the raw material of this nuclear fusion, the heavy water of 5 meters high returns 8 nuclear fusion boilers by gravity, deuterium-tritium head-on collision nuclear fusion is superintended and directed in passage carry out in 9 deuteriums-tritium annular man, acceleration road is made to rise armature baffle plate with electromagnet iron, deuterium-the tritium being accelerated into kinetic energy is at the end of one's rope, make the head-on collision of the generation chain of rings.There is following reaction: D-T reacts, ²d+ ³ ₁t → ⁴ ₂he+n+117.6MeV.D-D reacts: ₁ ²d+ ³ ₁t → ⁴ ₂he+n+3.3MeV, ₁ ²d+ ₁ ²t- ₁ ³t+ ¹ ₁h+4MeV, the heavy water that reaction heat accelerates the encirclement of periphery, road through 9 deuteriums-tritium annular absorbed, this 8 nuclear fusion boiler stainless steel manufactures, want to bear 300 atmospheric pressure, the container of this circle encloses whole 9 deuteriums-tritium annular and accelerates road and 11 electromagnet and 13 armature covers, the steam that 8 nuclear fusion boilers produce enters 10 drums, enter 17 heavy water vapour heaters, the water of secondary circuit, be heated into 300 DEG C of steam, the water of secondary circuit is thrown into through water pump by 5, the steam produced enters 3 steam generators, make it generation 50 atmospheric pressure vapor (262.7 DEG C) and enter 6 jet pumps, suck air and enter 15 power channel generatings, secondary circuit steam enters 2 hard water preheaters, hard water (hard water that 1 city water tank is thrown into by 4 pumps) is heated, secondary circuit steam-condensation becomes saturation water, 17 heavy water vapour heaters are thrown into by 5 feed pumps, circulation like this, tritium can absorb neutron by lithium and obtain, the fusing point of lithium 186 DEG C, heavy water temperature 374.2 DEG C, heavy water solubilized lithium, therefore nuclear fusion constantly will produce tritium, tritium enters 17 heavy water vapour heaters enter drum together with steam after, heavy water vapour is condensed into water, 18 gas-liquid separators are entered together with tritium, liquid heavy water returns nuclear fusion boiler, tritium then enters tritium basin.

This high-temperature superconductor adopts the temperature of 130K zero resistance, and with the freezing coil of liquid methane, (methane critical-temperature-82.5 DEG C), facility methane cold maintains superconduction refrigeration system, identical with Figure 27.

Four, low energy consumption technologies.

1, high voltage; Electrolysis of water steam hydrogen manufacturing oxygen technique

New-type multiplexe electric technology also has contribution at water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and oxygen, the circular tower electrolytic cell of Figure 24, the water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and oxygen technique of pump circular electrolyte, may improve electrolytic efficiency, but voltage is too low, hydrogen-oxygen output is large not, this technique high voltage, electrolysis of water steam hydrogen manufacturing oxygen, because voltage is high, the amount of the large hydrogen manufacturing oxygen of electric current is very large, and can meet the demand of power plant to hydrogen-oxygen, the structure of this technique is substantially identical with Figure 24.

Figure 31 high voltage, electrolysis of water steam hydrogen manufacturing oxygen process schematic representation, 1-circular pipe type anode, 2-drum type brake negative electrode, 3-drum type brake barrier film, 4-steam boiler; 5-drum; 6-check valve; 7-dc source; 8-hydrogen basin; 9-oxygen basin; 10-check valve; 11-check valve; 12-oxygen room; 13-hydrogen chamber.

This device is high 3 meters, wide 2 meters, the negative electrode stainless steel ring of next 2.8 rice diameters, cylinder framework is welded into stainless steel bar, use nickel wire (or stainless steel wire) around the cathode electrode not becoming drum type brake again, steel wire has become the tip of negative electrode to give prominence to, be convenient to point discharge, anode is then with the stainless steel ring of next diameter 10 centimetres, little cylinder framework is welded into rust rod iron, use nickel wire (or stainless steel wire) around the anode not becoming a little circular pipe type again, steel wire has become the tip of anode to give prominence to, be conducive to the electric discharge of anion anode, barrier film is the stainless steel ring with next diameter 1 meter, with the framework of stainless steel bar welding drum formula, the net of the cloth-like using three layers of nickel wire (or stainless steel wire) to be made into again, surround cylindric barrier film.

When 4 steam boilers are produced normal, electrolytic cell is vacuumized, then fills and enter 200 atmospheric steam from anode tube, dc source 4-7 × 10 ⁴v connects electrode, and negative electrode produces point discharge, and steam has become H ⁺and OH ^-ion, steam, in anode surface generation decomposition reaction, generates hydrogen ion and releases oxygen, and gas pressure is that height top, the end is low, and oxygen rises until 12 oxygen room enter oxygen storage tank.Hydrogen ion trip to by barrier film, obtain electronics and become hydrogen, hydrogen rising hydrogen chamber, enter 8 hydrogen basins, hydrogen can not enter oxygen room, and it is safely secure that oxygen also can not enter hydrogen chamber, because hydrogen is all without the power of lateral flow, can only vertically rise.

2, electromagnetic oven electric cooker

It is about resistance or electric cooker that current electricity consumption is cooked, and the thermal efficiency has 50%-55%, and what this electricity consumption was cooked is electromagnetic oven electric cooker, the electromagnetic oven thermal efficiency reaches 70%-80%, economize energy, good economy performance, temperature control is accurate, pot temperature evenly, is cooked effective, safety and sanitation, without air pollution, kitchen range top smooth clean, one brush is namely clean, multi-use.

The most important feature of this electric cooker is that the quality of meal is very good, the principle of cooking is similar to meal rice steamer meal, namely rice boils 5 minutes in boiling water, pull out and steam half an hour in meal rice steamer, this is the rice in the dinner party of Chinese tradition happy festival time, this electromagnetic oven electric cooker adopts modern science and technology, make it automation, this selects and traditional meal rice steamer meal difference, and this electric cooker, except having cooked meal, also can cook the niciest gruel simultaneously, this is of great benefit to whole family grown-ups and children, this electric cooker can also maximize, and can manufacture the such cauldron of heat-preserving container, have dinner for dining hall worker.

Figure 32 electromagnetic oven electric cooker schematic diagram, 1-stainless-steel pan body, the 2-electromagnetic oven kitchen range top, 3-heater coil, 4-rice; 5-iron plate, 6-water, 7-double-edged fine-toothed comb, 8-pot ear handle; 9-pot cover, one of 10-tetra-pin, the porose plate of 11-.

Pot body should be higher than general stainless-steel pan by 1/3rd, and double-edged fine-toothed comb is full of Kong Yousi the pin less than the grain of rice, and high also have two ear handles at 10-30 cm, and plate is high more than 2 centimetres, is full of the aperture less than the grain of rice, and double-edged fine-toothed comb four pin push down plate to be made it to maintain static.Cook washed utensil, as plate, put in pot, put the rice of congee to be cooked into around into, put double-edged fine-toothed comb into again, then put the rice (clean clean rice wanted by rice) that will be cooked into meal into and then add running water, stir with spoon, outwell washings, then running water is added, make just to flood double-edged fine-toothed comb to be advisable, then to rake the grain of rice, cover lid, the structure of lid will make lid can stretch in pot 2 centimetres---and 3 centimetres, lid and pot wall is made to form the groove of a circle, thin rice gruel can not be overflowed outside pot, and among the groove staying a circle, the kitchen range top is kept to clean, connect with the mains and cook, when water has been opened, boiling water pours in rice, boil 5 minutes, electromagnetic oven turns down power, minimum temperature 120 DEG C, now boiling water falls back below double-edged fine-toothed comb, the thin rice gruel of pot cover groove also falls back under double-edged fine-toothed comb, upper rice half an hour and well-done was steamed under meter Wu water soaking, remove electric cooker and open pot cover, treat that moisture evaporates, i.e. edible, when meal has been eaten up, remove double-edged fine-toothed comb, here is exactly gruel, available boiling water mixes up concentration, i.e. edible.Because porous plate is high 4 centimetres, its effect, does not affect generation steam, does not burn congee again.This gruel is the new product of regenerating, and is fond of eating than gruel now.

3, the instrument of man-machine interpersonal communication---the application of clock code computer input method in computer.

The invention of electronic computer is the most magical invention of multiplexe electric technology, its several functions mystery admirable, be referred to as computer, really too appropriate, the telecommunications industry of the world today, change world's communication in the past completely, Email is so quick, the letter that just can receive in several weeks in the past, have received in seconds, machine input method too backwardness on Chinese character is outside a fly in the ointment, consume the great effort of people, very unbecoming with the operating efficiency of computer height, five, natural code, phonetic code, the lucky a word used in person's names code in storehouse all finds it difficult to learn, use inconvenience, cause separate men from machines state, many people are because typewriting, can not send e-mails, no wonder Han Wang proposes computer pen, computer that the handwriting pad be connected with computer writes changes into printed book at once, which solve the problem of some separate men from machines, I thinks the input method more brilliant than computer pen, large budgetary estimate my invention-clock code inputting method, this clock code not only can get word, also conventional words and phrases and conventional Chinese idiom can be got.This code has obtained Shanghai three suboptimum show invention award, he is justified for brainstrust affirmative, because handwritten word need not be thought hard soon for this reason, the high computer making efficiency is in step with very much fast, the principle of this yard is that each Chinese character has the four tones of standard Chinese pronunciation to pronounce, as mother ma=2, fiber crops ma=5, horse ma=6 scold ma=3, therefore this four tones of standard Chinese pronunciation numbered musical notation tone of Chinese character is beaten: 2563 every words all can compose into music symbol 2563, multi-character words is encoded: very cold, within non-one day, trembling with fear composes into numbered musical notation: 232622325, by computer number key, screen then shows block letter Chinese, such as from an exchange of blows friendship grows 36326, refuse to give up until all hope is gone: 3355236 when the tree falls the monkeys scatter 36523, the tree may crave calm,but the wind will not drop 3335236, give up for lost 663362, he who strikes first gains the advantage 23655, take a passive attitude towards one's work 32353362, sit on top of the mountain to watch the fight between two lions 32263, when all for human world words are all encoded into coding, make software, beating any words can show, certain this coding engineering is very large, development company can finish the work, and is that typewriting is very convenient, can says that clock code is the instrument of man-machine interpersonal communication to the benefit brought all over the world.When future robot is used a lot, occur that machine and people work together, Zhong Mashi robot can understand, so may be interactive good tool in the future, Email and mobile phone message clock code be then the good tools of interpersonal communication.

Clock code also can be used for the input of all foreign languages, as Russian, and writer---2366, good or bad-22333636, hello---and 623566, English, Obama---366; Washington---536; Very good---263

This input method is necessarily by the welcome of the foreigner.

Before not carrying out every words coding, first carry out individual character, the coding of double word, three word, four word dictions.

One word coding method such as under: Lee---wooden sub-Lee---666,---the ancient moon recklessly---635 recklessly, Lu---mouth mouth Lu---662, prosperous---everyday prosperous---332, (rule one: can divide by means of characters and namely tear two words open and add this character pronunciation again, compose into numbered musical notation, can not divide by means of characters, tear five open, by the general one-tenth song of the title of stroke, the title of stroke composes into song, horizontal=5, perpendicular=3, skim=6, folding=5, hook=2, point=6. are such as: friendship-point, horizontal father=653, afterwards-skim, skim, horizontal, mouthful=6656, deep pool-point, point, point, skim, rice=66666, state-art, point, folding=365, waste-horizontal, perpendicular, perpendicular, die, skim=53356, person-soil, skim, day=663, effect-hand over, literary composition, effect=253, always-soil, skim, an ancient type of spoon=666, pass-point, point, my god=662, finally-point, horizontal, people, people, ten=65555, rate-profound, point, point, point, point=56666,

Shadow-, capital, slash, slash, slash=32666, business-point, horizontal stroke, point, point, perpendicular=65663; Summer-horizontal stroke, from, skim, again=5363; Hope-former, wish=523; Weak-bow, point, point, bow, point=26626; Unrest-thousand, mouth hook=262; Sister-in-law-female, mortar, perpendicular, again=6333; Shan-hook, perpendicular, folder=232; Still-perpendicular, point, point, perpendicular, hook=36632; Light-perpendicular, point, point, towering=3663, rice-point, point, wood=663; Song-, perpendicular, perpendicular=333; Skin-hook, slash, perpendicular, again=2613; Blood-slash, ware=66; From-point, horizontal stroke, act of violence, perpendicular, hook=65232, angle-slashs, folding, use=653; Owe-slash, hook, people=625; City-point, horizontal stroke, towel=652; Jin-Ya, day, Shanxi=333; Cut-soil, Cui, hook, slash, point=62266; Convulsion-wide, point, point, folding, point=66656; Escape-million, point, folding=365; Younger brother-point, point, bow, perpendicular, slash=66236; Deposit-horizontal, skim, perpendicular, son=5636, assistant officer-, folding, folding, horizontal=6555;

Go out-roll over, erect, mountain=532; Hero-horizontal stroke, slash, folding, point, Cui=56562; Tea-horizontal, vertical, perpendicular, people, horizontal stroke=53355, thing-horizontal stroke, mouth, folding, horizontal stroke, horizontal stroke=56555; Evil-point, point, hook, horizontal, vertical=66253, disease-wide, point, point, arrow=6666; Accuse-slash, soil, mouth=666; Wilful-point, perpendicular, point, multiple=6363; Cutter-industry, point, point, dry, folding=36635, funeral-soil, point, point, hook, slash=66626; Matter-slash, slash, ten, shellfish=6653; Writing brush-ten, day, ten, people, plumage=53556.

One word coding method rule: compose five that split out individual character, (or in individual character, split out the four tones of standard Chinese pronunciation of two Chinese characters, then add the four tones of standard Chinese pronunciation of Chinese character).

Pure white-pure white white mountain=5552; Short and small-short and small hook point=6626;

Hobby-hobby woman=3366; Treasure-treasure point perpendicular=3263;

Diminutive-diminutive standing grain that=3256; Cherish-cherish horizontal hook=3352;

Dutiful-dutiful eight cutter=2322; Peaceful and comfortable-peaceful and comfortable slash folding=2365;

Peaceful-peaceful some point=2566; To take shelter-take shelter written vertical=2263;

Stable-stable some point=2366; Restrain-hook=3352 by right horizontal;

Secret signal-secret signal mouth horizontal stroke=3365; Dim-dim slash folding=3565;

Horizontal=5325 in costliness-costliness; Stereotyped writing-stereotyped writing moon is several=and 2632;

Family-family is put a little=6266; That's all-hook=362;

To give up-give up transverse=3665; Unreasonableness-overbearing first point=3366;

Plain rice-plain rice food instead=5356; Wide point=5366 of idiot-idiot;

Lost game-lost game corpse hooks=3522; Request-request horizontal hook=3252;

Mottled-mottled horse skims=2566; Carrying-carrying cloud point=2356

Show off-show off Wang Heng=2355; Wooden partition-wooden partition corpse mouth=6326;

Version-version wood horizontal stroke=6635; Horizontal slash=6356 of the space of a whole page-space of a whole page

Two-character phrase encoding law, composes the four tones of standard Chinese pronunciation numbered musical notation of two words and the second word two (or two words).

Three word coding method is exemplified below:

Office worker-office worker's mouth shellfish=33563; Office-office's point point=32366;

Half a lifetime-half a lifetime is horizontal=and 33665; In the air-mouth perpendicular=32263 in the air;

Horizontal slash=36556 of stumbling-block-stumbling-block; Point of doing a disservice-do a disservice erects=23563;

Guarantee fund-guarantee people of the Jin Dynasty king=63255; Storm-storm anyhow=23653;

Three word coding method rules: compose the four tones of standard Chinese pronunciation that three words and the last character tear two (or words) again open.

Four word coding method citings:

Not at all surprising-greatly not at all surprising=35553; The deep blue sea-grain-the deep blue sea-grain horizontal stroke=26225;

To be panic-stricken-to be panic-stricken mound=63222; Long night is very long-long night very long point=53336

Four word coding method rules: compose the four tones of standard Chinese pronunciation that four words and the last character tear (or word) again open.

Multi-character words (sentence) encoding law: the four tones of standard Chinese pronunciation composing all words, namely above key-press input finally shows by enter key screen again.Clock code is to sky and space plane at the outer space and command centre's telecommunications connection, and this communication is also high efficiency.

4, high-pressure electrolysis hydrogen manufacturing, empty point hydrogen manufacturing synthetic ammonia, urea nitrate, coproduction aviation fuel technique.

Aviation fuel has the scheme by thermal power plant coproduction, but not enough, big-and-middle-sized means of transport is a lot, need high-octane fuel---aviation fuel, it is guaranteed that urea nitrate is that slow chemical fertilizer that fertilizer efficiency is high solves staple food supply, in addition the manufacture of ethanol utilizes brewageing of corn, more chemical fertilizer is conducive to the production of corn, utilize the High Pressure Hydrogen of electrolysis to produce ammonia and be processed into urea nitrate further, methane ethanol is molten is gasoline alternative fuels, requirement is very large, electrolytic hydrogen production, nitrogen production by air separation is the most brief ammonia synthesis process, Figure 31 high voltage, brine electrolysis steam hydrogen production oxygen, hydrogen-oxygen can be produced in a large number, production synthetic ammonia chemical fertilizer is greatly taken on a new look, because there is a large amount of oxygen, be conducive to ammoxidation and make NO, make urea nitrate further, produce NO and see Fig. 7 and explanation thereof, produce urea nitrate and see Fig. 6 and explanation thereof, produce acetylene and see Figure 25 and explanation thereof, nitrogen production by air separation is shown in Fig. 3 and explanation thereof, this high-pressure electrolysis hydrogen manufacturing, adopt 200 atmospheric steam, thus 200 atmospheric hydrogen are produced, this high-pressure boiler is exactly the boiler producing acetylene, the nitrogen of empty point, be forced into 200 atmospheric pressure, with hydrogen synthetic ammonia.

Aforementioned cooling and heating machine meets the first law of thermodynamics, do not meet the second law of thermodynamics and Carnot's theorem, if the second law of thermodynamics and Carnot's theorem are correct, so present patent application all can not be granted patent in China and countries in the world, therefore before proposition cooling and heating machine and application alternative plan thereof, by the demonstration of science, the analysis of the science of carrying out, proves that the second law of thermodynamics and Carnot's theorem be mistake are necessary.First learn about Carnot cycle: working medium is by piston seal in cylinder, and cylinder wall and piston make with completely adiabatic material, and cylinder top is then make with to the unimpeded material of heat transfer.In addition, a temperature is had to be maintained T ₁constant temperature object as " thermal source " that heat working medium; A temperature is separately had to be T ₂constant temperature object as the what is called " low-temperature receiver " accepting working medium heat release heat; Also has the heat-insulating cover that a complete heat-insulating material of use is made.So, if want to allow working medium carry out the expansion process of constant temperature heating, just constant temperature thermal source can be contacted with cylinder top, make working medium slowly expand simultaneously, if want to allow working medium carry out the exothermic process of constant temperature compression, just constant temperature low-temperature receiver can be contacted with cylinder top, make working medium slowly be compressed simultaneously; If want to allow working medium carry out adiabatic process, just can heat-insulating cover be covered in cylinder top, make working medium slowly carry out expanding or being compressed simultaneously.Working medium carries out above-mentioned Four processes successively, will complete a Carnot cycle.I concludes that this machine is action never, this never motivation unexpectedly derive Kano thermal efficiency formula: n=1-T ₂/ T ₁here it is China and world's engine, reason that will be large under the engine initial temperature that engine design industry is observed.

Within 1824, Kano proposes Carnot Engine circulation, and heat engine must operate between two thermals source, the efficiency of heat engine is only decided by the temperature difference of two thermals source, and has nothing to do with operation material, no matter its efficiency of what operation material all equals Carnot's cycle efficiency, i.e. n=1-(T ₂/ T ₁).Engels has early made pertinent criticism to Kano: " inside information of problem is almost probed in Kano, and hinders him to address this problem completely, is not that factual materials are not enough, and is an error theory of firsting impressions are strongest.”

We can check the formula n=1-(T of Carnot's cycle efficiency ₂/ T ₁) whether correct, certain steam engine factory vapor (steam) temperature 230 DEG C, chilling temperature is 30 DEG C, by Carnot efficiency n=1-(T ₂/ T ₁)=1-(273+30)/(273+230)=40%, but this factory's steam engine efficiency is only actual 12-15%, and difference is so large.And for example operating temperature 580 DEG C in certain steam turbine, chilling temperature is 30 DEG C, by Carnot efficiency n=1-(T ₂/ T ₁)=(853-303) the actual turbine efficiency of/853=64.5% only has 36%; Prove that Carnot's theorem is wrong again.Does such as why not liquid rocket use vapour, diesel oil but Carnot's theorem also continues to affect the whole world? and with liquid hydrogen, object to make T ₁maximum, the second law of thermodynamics then proves: between given thermal source and low-temperature receiver, the thermal efficiency of any thermodynamic cycle all can not exceed the thermal efficiency of Carnot cycle, this is also absurd, Carnot cycle is at all irrealizable, does is its thermal efficiency genuine? present people know that the key factor of the decision thermal efficiency is the pressure of working medium, the power pressure high thermal efficiency of diesel engine reaches 40%, gasoline engine pressure low thermal efficiency only has 26%, advanced thermal power plant, adopt extra-supercritical unit, steam parameter reaches 27Mpa/580/600 DEG C, generatine set heat efficiency reaches 43%-48%, this is not that initial temperature is high, but the reason that pressure is high.Power pressure is high, and thermal efficiency height meets science reason, and the size of acting is directly proportional to power, F=ma, and the size of power is directly proportional to working medium quality and is directly proportional to acceleration a, and power pressure is large, shows to accelerate a necessarily large, so there is the high thermal efficiency.How this programme special concern improves the quality of working medium, facts have proved that the increase of working medium contributes to improving the thermal efficiency.Such as: floating carburetion adds water and can save energy, cylinder water spray also can save energy, and lean burn is all increase working medium and energy-conservation.Originally there is not the fact of low-temperature heat source in heat engine.Two authors of the second law of thermodynamics and Kano all think that heat engine can work done be because there is the compression of low-temperature heat source; The result of high temperature heat source expansion working.This does not meet the fact, and any heat engine all must compress working medium artificially, actuating motor work done, the work done of refuelling burning expansion; The storage power of flywheel makes engine constantly compress; Compression has nothing to do with the external world, not there is low-temperature heat source, T ₂eGT be product after starting end-of-job.The rise of lean-combustion engine, in fact Carnot's theorem has been overthrown, the gasoline engine of air-fuel ratio 18: 1, the height of the effect of energy-saving and emission-reduction, pay attention to by various countries' motor-dom, people need not pay attention to initial temperature and want high, but it is contrary, increase the working medium of air, reduce initial temperature, wherein the Chrysler of Japanese honda, Toyota, German bohr house, You Kesi, the U.S. all makes model machine.

The second law of thermodynamics is considered to the Thermodynamic Basis of Refrigeration Engineering, and it points out that heat can be spontaneous, and it is from high temp objects to cryogenic object transmission, and can not spontaneously from low temperature to high temp objects transmission.Allow transfer of heat in cryogenic object in high temp objects, then must consume extraneous merit.It points out that refrigeration machine is exactly under the condition consuming certain extraneous merit (electric energy or mechanical energy), utilizes the state of cold-producing medium to change and is transferred to hot environment from cryogenic object by heat and go, thus reaching the object of refrigeration.If the merit of refrigeration machine consumption is W, the heat taken out from cryogenic object is Q, then coefficient of refrigerating performance ε=Q/W.Above theory, in the torrid zone, local people can take it seriously, but in the area of severe cold, the working medium of temperature-60 DEG C refrigeration is higher than outside air temperature, whether do not need consume extraneous merit and freeze? so the absolute mistake of this refrigerating theory.This is actually a kind of error theory of caloric theory, thinks that refrigeration only has eliminating caloic to freeze.I think refrigeration essence be refrigeration working medium after puffing work done, interior can reduce result; Regardless of heat engine work done, or refrigeration machine work done all must compress working medium to high pressure; The object of refrigeration work done is in order to cold, so the heat of compression should remove as far as possible, later expansion working, interior can by more for minimizing, obtained colder.Absolutely not get rid of the attempt of caloic.

Current compression-type refrigeration has the waste at two places: a place is the heat produced in compression, and temperature is low cannot be utilized; Two places are the works done of cold-producing medium puffing, and this merit can not utilize, so compression-type refrigeration power consumption is high.This new-type absorption-diffusion type refrigeration utilizes jet pump to suck diffusant, causes the refrigerant components of high pressure processed to reduce, play depressurization and freeze, need not compress, therefore economize on electricity.I thinks that the appearance of diffusion absorption refrigerating machine just should declare to have overthrown the second law of thermodynamics, because heat is not transferred to hot environment from low temperature thing and is gone by whole process of refrigerastion, so coefficient of refrigerating performance ε=Q/W=0/W=0, so the second law of thermodynamics is not the law of science, China and countries in the world university all should stop teaching these laws.

(2) cooling and heating machine and application alternative plan thereof.

One, the application of modern refrigerant machine.

Cooling and heating machine and application first scheme thereof have proposed 30 projects; This alternative plan proposes following 23 projects.

1, the refrigeration system of high-temperature superconductor.

Within 1986, found that critical-temperature is that the low-temperature superconducting of 23.2K can only realize superconductivity at liquid helium region, its equipment is assorted and expensive, within 1988, has found zero high-temperature superconductor hindering temperature 130K and 164K.Current each state all reaches the upper and lower level of 130K, and this high-temperature superconductor has using value, and cooling and heating machine and application first scheme thereof have proposed methane cryogenic refrigeration, and refrigeration can reach-160 DEG C, makes the application of high-temperature superconductor enter the practical stage.This high-temperature superconductor refrigeration system, makes cold supporting agent with air because air nontoxic, do not fire, be easy to get, fool proof.The critical-temperature of air is-140.6 DEG C, and critical pressure is 3.78MPa.

The liquia air (pressure is more than 3.78Mpa, temperature less than-140.6 DEG C) close to critical pressure is obtained by methane deep cooling agent cold.

By in the magnet case of this liquia air injection high-temperature superconductor (this case should be able to bear the pressure of 4Mpa), the whole magnet of submergence, during high-temperature superconductor work, the cold supporting agent of above-mentioned air is injected bottom magnet case, the higher liquia air of temperature is continuously outflowed from magnet box top, this air injects again in magnet case after entering the cool room interior absorption cold of methane cryogenic refrigeration machine, so circulates.Figure 33 high-temperature superconductor refrigeration system flow chart: 1-superconducting magnet case; 2-methane cryogenic refrigeration room; 3-methane freezer unit; 4-liquid methane basin; 5-jet pump; 6-liquid-containing air air pump; 7-methane liquid pump; 8-hydrogen basin; 9-absorption tower; 10-methane cooler; 11-absorbing liquid heating kettle; 12-electromagnetic oven; 13-ethanol cooler; 14-ethanol pump.

This high-temperature superconductor refrigeration system process description is as follows: liquia air about-140 DEG C flows out at magnet case 1 top, enter liquid-containing air air pump 6, liquid methane flows out from storage tank 4 and enters 7 methane liquid pumps, enter jet pump 5 after compression, absorb the hydrogen be stored in 8 hydrogen storage tanks, enter methane cryogenic refrigeration room, diffuse in methane liquid because of hydrogen, methane component reduces, and play depressurization, therefore liquid methane is gasificated into gas refrigeration; The cold air of-160 DEG C along tubulation under; Liquia air enters 2 tops, methane cryogenic refrigeration room through the compression of pump 6, following current between tubulation and absorb cold, and liquia air is cooled to about-145 DEG C, injects bottom superconducting magnet case, and in case, liquid-containing air from below to up, releases cold.Refrigeration mist enters 3 methane freezer units, the methane of cooling is frozen into liquid, flows into 4 liquid methane basins; Refrigeration mist enters 10 methane coolers, under between tubulation, cold is passed to the methane gas just desorbed from 11 absorbing liquid heating kettles; Enter 3 methane freezer units after methane gas cooling and be frozen into liquid, flow in 4 liquid methane basins.From the ethanol that 11 absorbing liquid heating kettles flow out, enter compression in 14 ethanol pumps and enter 13 ethanol cooler tubulations from below to up, after the cold of absorption refrigeration mist, enter 9 absorption towers, spray in lotus nozzle; Refrigeration mist then enters bottom 9 absorption towers and rises, and the methane in mist is absorbed by ethanol, and non-absorbent hydrogen rises, until 8 hydrogen basins; The absorbing liquid of ethanol, from eminence toward lower stream, flows into 11 absorbing liquid heating kettles, by electromagnetic oven heating, makes the methane desorb in absorbing liquid become gas, upper and cool along the tubulation of 10 methane coolers.

2, natural gas used for automobile liquefaction process.

Natural gas has a series of advantage: a, the capability of antidetonance are good, and compression ratio can reach 15; B, burning are completely; C, environmental pollution are little; E, aboundresources, can exploit 100 years, and coal can exploit 300 years, and coal also can manufacture natural gas; F, as engine fuel, its expense is 2/3rds of gasoline engine, starts the life-span long, keeps in repair 70% into gasoline car; G, security are good, and natural gas density is less than air is 0.58, once reveal, can dissipate very soon.The method of carrying of natural gas was all undesirable in the past, liquefied natural gas deep cooling is in the past to-162 DEG C, with compression-type refrigeration, liquefaction energy consumption is high, this modern refrigerant, uses methane diffusion absorption refrigeration ice, and liquefaction energy consumption is low, a charging stroke is suitable with gasoline car, and this is that very good natural gas carries method.The critical-temperature of natural gas is-82.5 DEG C, and critical pressure is 46.4 atmospheric pressure; Produce the liquid natural gas of about-140 DEG C, steel cylinder pressure is 20 atm higher, (this series of natural gas lean burn engines all utilize low pressure natural gas directly to spray combustion chamber for combustion, therefore, need to make the liquid natural gas under low pressure).

Figure 34 natural gas used for automobile LNG Lquified Process Flow figure.1-methane freezer unit; 2-natural gas cooler; 3-methane cryogenic refrigeration room; 4-liquid methane storage tank; 5-boiling water generator; 6-jet pump; 7-methane liquid pump; 8-natural gas gas pivot Cabinet; 9-compressor; 10-hydrogen-holder; 11-absorption tower; 12-methane cooler; 13-liquid natural gas; 14-ethanol cooler; 15-ethanol pump; 16-heating kettle; 17-electromagnetic oven.This natural gas used for automobile of Figure 34 LNG Lquified Process Flow is described as follows: natural gas by Cemented filling to 8 natural gas gas Cabinet, 9 compressors are reduced to 20 atm higher natural pressure, enter 5 boiling water generators and produce boiling water, (the hotel near boiling water feeding, natural gas after water-cooled enters 2 natural gas coolers, then enter 3 methane cryogenic refrigeration rooms and be cooled to liquid natural gas, be delivered to the natural gas liquids storage tank 13 in gas station.Methane enters 7 liquid methane pumps and then enters in 6 jet pumps the hydrogen sucked in 10 hydrogen-holders from 4 liquid methane storage tanks, sprays into 3 methane cryogenic refrigeration rooms, from below to up, cold is passed to natural gas, make it to be liquefied as liquid.Refrigeration mist rises in 1 methane freezer unit, the methane that electromagnetic oven heating desorbs, is frozen into liquid methane after entering after cooling, flows in 4 liquid methane storage tanks.Refrigeration mist enters 2 natural gas coolers, the natural gas cooling after water-cooled, enter 3 methane cryogenic refrigeration rooms and be frozen into liquid natural gas, send in 13 liquid natural gas storage tanks of gas station, refrigeration mist enters 11 absorption towers, wherein methane by spray under ethanol absorb, non-absorbent hydrogen enters in 10 hydrogen-holders; Ethanol absorbing liquid utilizes potential difference, flow into above 17 electromagnetic ovens and heat in 16 heating kettles, after the methane be dissolved in ethanol is heated, desorb becomes gas, in tubulation from below to up, cool in 12 methane coolers and then enter 1 first ammonium freezer unit and be frozen into liquid, between 12 methane cooler tubes, refrigeration mist out enters in 14 ethanol freezer units, the ethanol cooling in pipe, ethanol to enter in 11 absorption towers spray and under, absorb methane in gas.

3, cold air fluid bed bulky grain chemical fertilizer technique.

The urea size of current tower granulation is less than 2.5mm; the low easy efflorescence of intensity, nitrogen discharge is large, granular urea; intensity is large; not easily efflorescence, effect of increasing production is good, and bulky grain chemical fertilizer made by developed country's many uses fluid bed; this technique is also fluid bed; but cold air fluid bed, and implement bottom granulation tower, there is better effect.

Figure 35 cold air fluid bed bulky grain chemical fertilizer process chart.1-water cooler; 2-CO ₂cooler; 3-absorbing liquid heating kettle; 4-electromagnetic oven; 5-water pump; 6-absorption tower; 7-jet pump; 8-CO ₂refrigerating chamber; 9-CO ₂freezer unit; 10-liquid CO ₂basin; 11-CO ₂liquid pump; 12-air reservoir; 13-air dehydrater; 14-cfentrifugal blower; 15-valve; 16-valve; 17-air dehydrater; 18-arranges grain air jet pipe; 19-fluid bed cold air air jet pipe; 20-fluid bed; 21-granulation tower funnel; 22-belt conveyor; 23-chemical fertilizer hopper; 24-claims automatically; 25-granulation tower.

Above technological process is described as follows: the comminutor of granulation tower throws away the granular urea of 1 cm diameter, and under tower, 19 fluid bed cold air air jet pipes spray a large amount of cold airs (temperature can reach less than-10 DEG C).20 fluidized bed plants are made with steel plate bottom granulation, the granular urea fallen, through the time of one, blows from west to east with another air lance 18 cold air, make the urea bulky grain moved both vertically, offset eastwards, departed from fluid bed cold air stream and fallen, through the large funnel of granulation tower along tower wall, be collected on belt conveyor, send in chemical fertilizer hopper, after automatically claiming title, packaging suture.

Granular urea is suspended, and fluid bed should be blown into a large amount of cold airs, uses powerful centrifugal blower 14, and this refrigeration adopts refrigerating capacity large, the CO that working medium is easy to get ₂refrigeration machine, this is large-scale cold air manufacturing equipment, manufacturing cost is not high, energy consumption is low, and cold air will be fully used, in fluid bed, cold air makes granular urea firm, when granular urea falls in tower cold air made it urea liquid condensation, because of whole granulation tower be all cold air abrim, packer is also benefited a great deal.In order to enter 8CO ₂water in the air of cool room is unlikely to congeal into ice, with air water receiver the water removing in air, its principle is, utilize the low temperature less than-10 DEG C of cooling air, between the pipe entering dehydrater, below air freezing to 0 from top to down DEG C, make water freezing, be attached on tube wall, the moisture content removing thus in air; Have two dehydraters, use in turn, the dehydrater frozen blasts hot-air and makes it melt and regenerate.

This CO ₂refrigeration machine is large-scale, and its refrigeration principle is all identical, and system pressure is CO ₂75 atmospheric pressure on critical pressure.CO ₂liquid is from 10 liquid CO ₂cO is entered in basin ₂liquid pump, enters jet pump 7, sucks diffusant hydrogen and enters CO ₂cool room, under along pipe, from top to down between pipe air freezing become the gas of less than-10 DEG C, cold air enters the 19 fluid bed cold air pipe that sprays paint and sprays after entering dehydrater, the urea bulky grain fallen is suspended in fluid bed and is frozen into hard particle.By row's grain air jet pipe cold air is blown into, granular urea is tilted eastwards, departs from the pressure of compressed air of fluid bed, in the large funnel dropped in granulation tower, transport to belt conveyor 22, then enter 23 chemical fertilizer hoppers, cross after claiming and pack suture.

From 8CO ₂the refrigeration mist that cool room comes enters 9CO ₂freezer unit, desorbs from water, the CO cooled ₂be frozen into liquid, enter 10 liquid CO ₂in basin; Refrigeration gaseous mixture enters 2CO ₂in cooler, electromagnetic oven 4 heat resolve CO out ₂cooling; Refrigeration mist enters 1 water cooler, has decomposed CO at electromagnetic oven pan 3 ₂hot water cooling, hot water 5 water pumps are carried, and the water of cooling enters 6 absorption towers and sprays and CO in absorption refrigeration gaseous mixture ₂, absorbing liquid cis-position difference flows in 3 absorbing liquid heating kettles, by electromagnetic oven heating, makes the CO in water ₂desorb.Refrigeration is circulation so.

Two, new-type engine and application thereof.

Cooling and heating machine and application first scheme thereof have proposed a series of new work engine and application thereof, and this alternative plan proposes more advanced lean-burn and natural gas and petrol engine and application thereof.

1, lean burn natural gas and gasoline two stroke engine.Lean-combustion engine is the development of the revolutionary engine that countries in the world motor-dom is initiated, but four-stroke-cycle enforcement lean-burn is very difficult.Market there is not so far the sale of lean-combustion engine; But two-stroke natural gas engine enforcement lean-burn is then easier, following motor vehicle fuel is liquefied natural gas certainly.This lean burn natural gas two-stroke and electric hybrid powering engine are the engines of New Times, will replace the automobile engine that current four-stroke engine becomes main flow.This engine uses liquefied natural gas, and steel cylinder pressure is that 20 atmospheric pressure LNG temperature are at about-140 DEG C.The control of the supply of combustion gas is as shown in figure 36: Figure 36 lean burn natural gas two stroke engine, fuel supply and control principle drawing: 1-gaseous-pressure tank; 2-spark plug; 3-ditch district; 4-piston; 5-controls needle-valve; 6-magnetic valve; 7-stop valve; 8-liquefied natural gas steel cylinder; 9-check valve.When engine starts, 6 magnetic valves play depressurization, 20 atmospheric pressure natural gas depressurization to 3 atm higher; Control needle-valve with 5, control the pressure that natural gas enters 1 gaseous-pressure tank, its principle is identical with the control needle-valve of motorcycle; The natural gas entered in 1 gaseous-pressure tank when needle-valve is opened larger is more, and pressurized tank pressure is larger; When two-stroke scavenging at the end, the pressure of 1 gaseous-pressure tank is greater than the pressure of cylinder, and 9 check valves are opened, and natural gas enters in cylinder, mixes with air; After piston compression, cylinder pressure is greater than the pressure of gaseous-pressure tank, and check valve 9 is closed automatically, stops for combustion gas, and this method for combustion is more reliable, safer than EFI.This method for combustion makes two-stroke reveal fuel, because of during air-breathing no longer carburetion for having fired.Pure air scavenging is used during scavenging.The blowdown presssure of waste gas is very large, and therefore collect waste gas in tank, drive exhaust turbine work done, load onto engine power generation, electric power is for actuating motor work done, and therefore actuating motor is also the gear that working motor need not leave on flywheel.This is also that development internal combustion engine creates condition with electric power mixing work done power, and first this engine uses the electric power in storage battery, finally just uses internal combustion engine work done.This engine also can make to use gasoline for the fuel, and enters gaseous-pressure tank with sucking gasoline compression by carburetor before turbo-compressor air, treats that the complete check valve of washing open of scavenging enters cylinder supply fuel.

This secondary Stroke Engine also has important measures, namely during crankcase air-breathing, sprays into a large amount of water with water carburetor, and cylinder and piston are cooled.The schematic diagram of Figure 37 two-stroke cylinder water spray: 1-water carburetor; 2-piston; 3-water jacket; 4-air exit; 5-crankcase Suction gas inlet; Its principle is: when two-stroke piston rises to top dead centre, and the air intake window valve 5 of crankcase is opened, and air is inhaled into; Under the effect of air-flow, the water ejection in water carburetor mixes with air.(principle of water carburetor is consistent with carburetor principle, just water carburetor do not control) water enters the fuel-economizing of cylinder energy for everybody approves, oil emulsion fuel-economizing, cylinder water spray joint is all true, and this law is more ingenious, cools cylinder and piston.This two-stroke internal combustion engine is twice left and right than the power of quartastroke engine, and weight horse-power number is large, easily realizes lean burn, so, four-stroke-cycle necessity not.After, small and medium-sized car all can use this lean burn natural gas two-stroke and electric hybrid engine.

2, new-type small and medium-sized car.

This new-type small and medium-sized car, just make engine by above-mentioned lean burn natural gas two-stroke and electric hybrid, single cylinder two-stroke internal-combustion engine is than the quartastroke engine of four cylinders, and volume is much little, can put peace battery in geared head, and natural gas steel cylinder; On the east case can stretch forward, so that long steel cylinder is convenient to lay.Pressure due to the pressurized tank of combustion gas is greater than an atmospheric pressure all the time, therefore always has natural gas to spray among cylinder during water carburetor water carburetor idle running, ensures that engine does not stop working.When large load travels, rotate throttle handle, for combustion manipulating wire rope, needle-valve is up carried, natural gas enters the just many of gaseous-pressure tank, and pressure is large, and when scavenging stops, check valve is opened, and spray into natural gas to cylinder just many, engine power is large.Control for combustion is similar to motorcycle, installs additional thatly on motorcycle to turn to handle, to control the steel wire rope of needle-valve by the steering wheel of the therefore circle of automobile.

Engine top there is the cooling water tank that large, water goes downstream and enters in the water jacket of internal combustion engine, and after absorbing the heat of cylinder wall, hot water is discharged from cylinder top and entered in water carburetor, enter during crankcase air-breathing in cylinder, this water-cooling system need not have cooling water tank.

Above-mentioned hybrid power generator, is suitable for manufacturing smallest, the most cheap, and the car of most fuel-economizing, price can lower than 10,000 yuan one, and double single row of seats car can be described as individual car.Electric pole can be holded up in open-air parking position, and trolley wire is vehicle charging.This automobile, except using liquefied natural gas, also can use liquefied petroleum gas, and the low pressure gas steel cylinder of Ethanol Adsorption natural gas can also be used for combustion.Individual's car natural gas steel cylinder is placed on the tunnel below two seats, and also have one deck steel plate to be used as blast wall above steel cylinder, steel cylinder pushes in from extraordinary traveller's case.

3, lean-burn supercharging two-stroke is calmed the anger natural gas and gasoline gas turbine.

Proposed the gas turbine of piston gas-pressing in cold and application first scheme thereof, this is significant, but also needs further development, perfect.This project is exactly a kind of trial.

Figure 38 lean-burn supercharging two-stroke compressed natural gas gas turbine schematic diagram: 1-clutch pedal; 2-manual transmission; 3-clutch; 4-two-stroke pressure-charge compressor; 5-check valve; 6-check valve; 7-gas turbine pinion; 8-compressor gear wheel; 9-gas turbine; 10-=cfentrifugal blower; 11-water carburetor; 12-actuating motor; 13-compressed air cylinder; 14-jet pump; 15-gaseous-pressure tank; 16-needle valve fuel-control unit; 17-magnetic valve; 18-spark plug; 19-natural gas steel cylinder; 20-wheel; 21-enters air window valve; 22-water tank; 23-magnetic valve; 24-jet pump; 25-jet pump.

When starting to start, 12 starting motors rotate, cfentrifugal blower 10 sucks air, a large amount of water is sucked under the effect of water carburetor 11, form low-pressure air enters 4 two-stroke pressure-charge compressors (crankcase and cylinder can suck air), the gas of compression enters 13 compressed air cylinders, during driving, 23 magnetic valves are opened, pressure-air enters 14 jet pumps, form region of no pressure, enter in 15 gaseous-pressure tanks under the natural gas that the natural gas in 15 gaseous-pressure tanks sucks in 19 natural gas steel cylinders is controlled by 16 needle-valve fuel-control units; The restraining of combustion gas is identical with motorcycle, automobile turn on winding mountain path, load onto and turn to handle, the right hand controls to turn to handle, controls by economizer manipulating wire rope the amount that natural gas enters gaseous-pressure tank 15, large load, needle-valve raises height, and natural gas enters 15 gaseous-pressure tanks, and pressure is high, the natural gas entering jet pump is many, therefore power increase.Burn in combustion chamber under plug ignition; 13 compressed air cylinders also have a pipeline to pass into combustion chamber, a large amount of air is sucked in the effect of 24 jet pumps, entering also can gas-firing after heating up in combustion chamber, Here it is lean burn, and at this moment about 800 DEG C of fuel gas temperature sucks air by jet pump, now combustion gas cooling is below 600, enter 9 gas turbine works done, drive gear wheel by pinion, power is passed to 4 two-stroke booster compressors, drive trailing wheel by 3 clutches, make running car.This gas turbine reaches more than 8 times than the four-stroke-cycle amount of calming the anger with cylinder, and power also should be more than 8 times, for driving train type car and truck, longer than the automobile of cooling and heating machine and application first scheme thereof.

The working medium of this gas turbine is expanded fully, pressure is higher than internal combustion engine again, so thermal effect is necessarily high, may more than 50% be reached, owing to sucking large quantity of air when adopting a series of jet pump jet, the quality of working medium is increased, F=ma formula is known, increases the quality of working medium, contribute to improving thrust, thus have larger power.Train type automobile is manufactured if be not used in, vehicle top is installed single rotor is jet-propelled revolves oar, a combustion gas is used for gas turbine work done, oar is revolved in part combustion gas promotion, success will follow for this helicopter, and having unnecessary combustion gas for promoting aircraft flight forward, this carplane can be successful.

Figure 39 carplane schematic diagram.1-car; 2-is jet-propelled revolves oar; The front-seat wheel of 3-.Front-seat wheel is closed with iron plate, left and right can not be ventilated, therefore can play rudder.The sectional area of wheel is large, and car is high.Highway can erect overpass in the future, and carplane can paste bridge floor flight, fool proof.Revolve oar tool for mounting and have the attitude flown forward, add jet-propulsion, play the effect of jet plane.

4, centrifugal natural gas and the gasoline jet engine of calming the anger of lean-burn punching press.

Modern turbojet design is wrong, and low with axial-flow engine pressure, the thermal efficiency is low.The centrifugal high pressure compression jet engine that cooling and heating machine and application first scheme thereof propose, adopt industrial new results to adopt advanced centrifugal compressor to be correct, jet engine has had bright prospect; This alternative plan also adopts the centrifugal compressor of this advanced person, and adopts peak power 6 × 10 ⁴kW, outlet pressure 42Mpa, carry out series of measures simultaneously, to improve the thermal efficiency.Lean-burn punching press centrifugal compressed, natural gas and petrol jet are proposed.

Figure 40 lean-burn punching press centrifugal compressed natural gas and petrol jet principle schematic.1-liquefied natural gas; 2-magnetic valve; 3-is for combustion noticeable degree device; 4-gaseous-pressure tank; 5-decompressor; 6-centrifugal compressor; 7-gas turbine; 8-actuating motor; 9-water collar; 10-combustion chamber; 11-radiator; 12-punching press exhaust gas nozzle; 13-jet pump; 14-punching press exhaust gas nozzle; 15-water pump; 16-jet pump; 17-jet plane; 18-jet pump.

This jet plane has eight exhaust gas nozzles, each two jet pipes under the wing of left and right, and one jet backward, and one downward jet; Each two jet pipes in tail both sides, one jet backward, and one downward jet.When taking off, 8 actuating motors rotate, drive 6 centrifugal compresseds, centrifugal compressor sucks air by 5 decompressors, be compressed to 42Mpa high pressure, high air, when jet pump 16, produces vacuum, makes the natural gas in 4 gas pressure tanks enter region of no pressure, then be mixed into combustion chamber 10 with pressure-air, burn under plug ignition; Pressure-air some enter in 18 injections, suck large quantity of air, compressed air is lowered the temperature, adds working medium, enter combustion chamber, realize lean burn.About 150 DEG C of combustion gas enters 13 jet pumps, suck large quantity of air, combustion gas is cooled to less than 800 DEG C, enter gas turbine work done, spray in the jet pipe jet downwards that after work done, fuel gas temperature about 500 DEG C is entered in the wing of left and right by pipeline, meanwhile, combustion gas enters in the downward jet pipe of tail both sides and sprays, and aircraft vertical is taken off; Combustion gas enters downward jet pipe still to rear jet, is controlled by four electronic chalks.Rise and fly to height four and electronicly turn 90 ° of angles ingeniously simultaneously, four downward jet change into jet backward, thus aircraft flight forward, during high-speed flight, 5 decompressors just work, the air pressure entered shortens low-pressure gas into, and the air entering centrifugal compressed has larger pressure, thus improves the pressure that centrifugal compressor makes it air pressure get Geng Gao.The supply control of fuel is identical with Figure 38.Liquefied natural gas is in steel cylinder 1, about-140 DEG C, 20 atmospheric pressure, during start, 2 magnetic valves are opened (this valve plays depressurization, reduces to 3 atm higher), natural gas enters 3 in combustion noticeable degree device, enter in 4 gaseous-pressure tanks under noticeable degree, when pressure-air have passed 16 jet pumps to during burning spray fuel, create region of no pressure, converge with pressure-air after natural gas enters region of no pressure by 4 gaseous-pressure tanks and enter 10 burnings, burn under plug ignition.Some high air is by 18 jet pumps, and enter in 10 combustion chambers after sucking large quantity of air, therefore produce lean burn, ignition temperature is down to less than 1500 DEG C.Combustion chamber 10 water jacket cooling, cold water 15 water pumps inject the bottom of water jacket, and hot water is from water jacket top inflow radiator; Tail back installed by radiator, parallel with fuselage, sees during flight, and cold airflow is very large, and cooling effect is fine.Control the needle valve controller of motorcycle maturation for combustion, should turn to handle on the right of the steering wheel of aircraft, the right hand is held and is turned to manipulating wire rope, and realize needle-valve restraining natural gas, powerful needle-valve is more easy to control.Four punching press exhaust gas nozzles have punching press function, the air compressing entered; Have again the function of jet pump, combustion gas enters in jet pipe jet from pipeline, produces region of no pressure, and the low-pressure air that punching press produces enters air mixture and sprays from jet pipe, and high-quality mist is conducive to improving thrust, makes larger merit.

This jet plane adopts low pressure (20 atmospheric pressure), and low temperature (about-140 DEG C) using liquefied natural gas as fuel is that heating value of natural gas is 50.05MJ/kg, and gasoline heat value is 40.9MJ/kg because the calorific value of natural gas is close with gasoline; Adopt low pressure natural gas to be utilize low pressure, realize the automation of refuelling, this method is also better than EFI, not only accurately but also safety.The machine also can use gasoline for the fuel, with oil jetting combustion in a combustion chamber after high-pressure pump compression.Gasoline as fuel is also valuable, and because proportion is higher, fuel tank is less than liquefied natural gas.

To miniature jet formula aircraft, combustion chamber without water-cooled, but can move to combustion chamber the back of airplane tail group, allows cold airflow cooling combustion room, but needs the manufacture of high-grade heat-resistant steel, have enough thickness.Be more than take natural gas as the jet engine of fuel, gasoline-fueled jet engine is substantially identical with natural gas engine, and just fuel feeding is completely by current turbojet fuel feeding.

5, lean-burn, jet pump sucks air and increases the jet natural gas rocket of matter and vapour, diesel oil rocket.

The density of liquified hydrogen is very little 0.0708g/cm ³, the calorific value of 3.9L liquified hydrogen is equivalent to 1L gasoline, so, can be wrong with the propellant that liquid hydrogen makes rocket certainly, although the calorific value heat of hydrogen is very high, 119.6MJ/kg, the calorific value of gasoline is 44.32MJ/kg; The burning velocity of all combustibles in oxygen is all quickly, oxyhydrogen combustion, do not have large difference with the burning of gasoline and oxygen, because the density of hydrogen is low, the amount that the unit interval is input into combustion chamber can not show a candle to gasoline, carry the liquid hydrogen of large volume in the air, although be inferior position, three grades of hydrogen rockets, as one-level gasoline rocket, such three grades of hydrogen rocket costs are so high, and this design is wrong certainly.

Petrol and diesel oil is compared with natural gas, and petrol and diesel oil density is large, and the density of gasoline is 700-760kg/m ³, the density of diesel oil is 780-860kg/m ³, the density of natural gas is 424kg/m ³, petrol and diesel oil has superiority, but petrol and diesel oil price is high, and the expense of natural gas is 2/3 of petrol and diesel oil, so the multiplex natural gas of the SLV of low orbit makes propellant, high orbit satellite is launched one-stage rocket and petrol and diesel oil just may be used to make propellant.

Figure 41 jet pump increases matter, natural gas lean burn rocket engine schematic diagram.1-liquid oxygen storage tank; 2-liquid natural gas basin; 3-high-pressure pump; 4-high-pressure pump; 5-jet pump; 6-jet pump; 7-combustion chamber; 8-air intake duct; 9-air intake duct; 10-jet pump device; 11-tail fin; 12-gas nozzle.

The pressure of this rocket is greater than 200 atmospheric pressure, adopts liquid oxygen and the liquid natural gas of pressurization in order to reach more than 300 atmospheric pressure; The pressure of liquid oxygen is more than 50 atmospheric pressure, temperature less than-118.4 DEG C.Low pressure storage tank increases few than atmospheric storage tank weight, but makes pump reach more than high pressure 300 atmospheric pressure, and the raising that the thermal efficiency is large is favourable.Propellant, after high-pressure pump 3,4 pressurizes, sucks large quantity of air with jet pump 5,6, carries out lean burn in a combustion chamber, and owing to sucking air, carrying of liquid oxygen is reduced a lot, fuel then can increase, the power that the rocket with size is larger.When this rocket pipe has jet pump device 10 combustion gas to spray from nozzle 12, create vacuum, suck a large amount of air from 8,9 air intake ducts, be then mixed in the combustion gas of high pressure-temperature, together jet work done.F=ma, because jet pump sucks a large amount of air, make quality m increase a lot, also increase a lot under the thrust of rocket, acceleration a is determined by gas pressure and temperature, slightly reduces, but thrust F increases more, is to be caused by the effect of jet pump increasing matter.

6, lean burn natural gas gas turbine power generation electric power adds jet-propulsion bullet train.

This natural gas lean burn gas turbine adopts high-pressure centrifugal compressor, pressure reaches 42Mpa, there is the very high thermal efficiency, turbine not only produces powerful power, and also has a large amount of gases at high pressure, jetly can make expansion work, the above-mentioned two kinds of powered of this bullet train, turbine drives alternative electric generation generating, and interchange point is become direct current by rectification, then drives locomotive with motor; The weary atmospheric pressure of combustion gas wheel is still very high, and importing air jet pipe ejection with conduit, is the power of another strand of promotion train.Train speed can reach more than 500 kilometers/hour, and because headstock locomotive railway carriage or compartment is very heavy, train has very high stability, unlikely overturning at a high speed.

Figure 42 natural gas lean burn gas turbine adds jet-propulsion bullet train principle schematic.1-direct current generator gear; 2-axletree gear; 3-; 4-alternating current generator; 5-centrifugal compressor; 6-gas turbine; 7-actuating motor; 8-air blast; 9-jet pump; 10-jet pump; 11-radiator; 12-water jacket; 13-combustion chamber; 14-water pump; 15-air jet pipe; 16-jet pump; 17-gaseous-pressure tank.

When launch train, 7 actuating motor runnings, belt driven blower 8 and centrifugal compressor 5,8 air blasts, for centrifugal compressor 5 sends into low-pressure air, the pressure-air of centrifugal compressed sucks natural gas by jet pump, liquid natural gas pressure of storage tank 50 atmospheric pressure, after decompression, 3 atmospheric pressure are by sending into 17 gaseous-pressure tanks after the 3 Combustion System skill of handling needles, and when jet pump 9 produces vacuum, natural gas sends into combustion chamber 13 after entering and mixing with pressure-air in jet pump 9; Another pressure-air enters after 16 jet pumps suck large quantity of air and sends into combustion chamber 13, realizes lean burn.Temperature reaches 1200 DEG C, and combustion gas enters 10 jet pumps, and suck large quantity of air and enter gas turbine work done, temperature reaches 700 DEG C, the combustion gas after work done 200 DEG C, and pressure is still very high, and in 15 air jet pipes that lead, power is made in ejection.

Gas turbine work done, drive alternator generation, after rectification, powered by direct current stream motor, makes it work done, and dc motor gear driven axletree gear turns a wheel.

7, rare right Natural Gas turbine generation power adds jet-propulsion high-speed craft

Principle as this high speed and above-mentioned bullet train completely the same, general principle is shown in above-mentioned explanation, the rare right gas turbine frame jet-propulsion high-speed craft principle schematic of Figure 43 natural gas, and 1-digs safety pin valve for combustion; 2-gaseous-pressure tank; 3-jet pump; 4-radiator; 5-power motor; 6-centrifugal compressor; 7-gas turbine; 8-alternating current generator; 9-air blast; 10-water jacket; 11-combustion chamber; 12-water pump; 13-jet pump; 14-dc motor; 15-direct current generator gear; 16-revolves oar shaft gear; 17-revolves oar; 18-air jet pipe; 19-jet pump.

When high-speed craft rises dynamic, 5 actuating motors rotate, and drive 9 air blasts and centrifugal compressor 6 to rotate, air blast air pressure shortens low pressure into, sends into 6 centrifugal compresseds to high pressure, and pressure-air enters 3 injections and sucks natural gas, natural gas controls safety pin valve with 1 and controls its amount, enter in gaseous-pressure tank 2, then just enter in pressure-air, dynamic as combustion chamber, burn under plug ignition, another pressure-air enters as jet pump, enters burning, realize lean burn after sucking large quantity of air.About 1200 DEG C of temperature, combustion gas enters 13 jet pumps and sucks large quantity of air, temperature reaches about 700 DEG C, enter turbine turns, 8 alternator generations, through rectification, direct current is sent into 14 direct current generators and is made it work done, power revolves the gear 16 of oar arbor by the input of 15 gears, and oar rotation is revolved in drive makes ship start.Gaseous-pressure after work done is still very high, introduces jet pipe 18 and does jet work done, shift ship onto and move forward, reach and run at high speed.

New energy technology proposes eight new technologies in cooling and heating machine and application first scheme thereof, and this alternative plan proposes following project.

8, the thermal power plant of pernicious gas zero-emission and coproduction natural gas process.

From at present to mid-term 21 century, coal remains the topmost energy providing electric power in the world, atmosphere pollution is caused to be quite serious at present, emission control requires doing always, but poor effect, only has thermal power plant's technological innovation thoroughly, realizes pernicious gas zero-emission and just can deal with problems, the technique of first scheme Yi Ti binomial thermal power plant pernicious gas zero-emission, this alternative plan proposes this thermal power plant of technique also coproduction natural gas process of thermal power plant's pernicious gas zero-emission.

Figure 44 thermal power plant coproduction natural gas process flow chart, 1-water tank; 2-water pump; 3-per minute storehouse; 4-self-conveyor feed; 5-Pulverized Coal Bin; 6-self-conveyor feed; 7-hot high pressure hydrophone; 8-drum; The old rumble of 9-; 10-preheater; 11-cyclone separator; 12-drum; 13-separator; 14-high pressure steam generator; 15-jet pump; 16-preheater; 17-cyclone separator; 18-ash bucket; 19-waste heat boiler; 20-steam turbine; 21-generator; 22-water cooler; 23-desulfurizing tower; 24-methanation furnace; 25-cooler; 26-absorbing natural gas tower; 27-ethanol natural gas solution tank; Mechanism of qi is suppressed in 28-bis-punching; 29-jet pump; 30-hydrogen gas storage holder.

Due to modern refrigerant, methane cryogenic refrigeration function consumption is low, natural gas liquefaction cost is low, liquefied natural gas becomes engine main fuel, rocket hydrogen makes propellant also can change use liquid natural gas into, and gasoline is a kind of waste as engine fuel, and oil is for the manufacture of staple fibre, artificial rubber, plastics are more favourable.Liquid natural gas can replace petrol and diesel oil, and large to the demand of natural gas, coproduction natural gas is important.

Because new-type water electrolysis hydrogen producing, oxygen cost are low, for the transformation of power plant provides advantage, coal high pressure anaerobic hydrogenation produces methane, hydrogasification is strong exothermal reaction, and heat is utilized by boiler, manufactures saturated steam, oxygen generates heat with the coal combustion of non-complete reaction, becomes CO ₂, newly-built high-pressure boiler has had thermal source, the CO of generation ₂, generate methane in H-H reaction after desulfurization, CO ₂methanation speed be first order reaction, make catalyst with nickel, methane cooling after, absorb into natural gasoloid with ethanol, discharge compression through de-pressurised natural gas and send natural gas companies.

The thermal efficiency improving generating wants generating high pressure steam exactly, needs in addition to do diffusant with the air of preheating, sucking, vapor composition is reduced, being equivalent to become low-pressure steam, not easily generating saturation water when entering steam turbine work done with jet pump, need not reheating.

Figure 44 is described as follows: water pump 2 adds the water of 1 water tank and is pressed into high pressure, 250 atmospheric pressure, the steam pressure that old boiler 9 produces is not high, such as 100 atmospheric pressure, saturated vapor at 8 drums out, entering in the pipe of 7 hot high pressure hydrophones, is then the water that 2 water pumps are sent between pipe, and heat exchange makes 200 atmospheric water become high-pressure water heating, saturated vapor in pipe is because cooling the saturation water that congeals into, go downstream, in auto-returned 9 boiler, entered between 14 high pressure steam generator pipes by the water under high pressure heated; The saturated vapor of 13 high-pressure boilers is separated from 12 drums, and high-pressure boiler produces the steam of supercritical pressure, as 320 air, temperature 600 DEG C, the hot water heating to 560 DEG C of 200 air entering 14 is become saturated gas, continues addition superheated steam 580 DEG C, out enter 15 jet pumps, absorb the air of preheating, enter 20 steam turbine works done, make the air of 21 generating generatings owing to entering, vapor partial pressure is reduced and does not produce condensed water, exhausted temperature by the very low water droplet that also do not congeal into, last emptying.Steam reclaims without condenser but uses up the last emptying of its heat, this is the great reform in power plant, because heat all make use of the steam of emptying, under certain weather conditions, become rainwater fall back the earth, the rainfall in summer is very effective to reduction temperature, so steam evacuation is useful, it is the effective measure of antagonism air temperature warming.The high yield of the multipair crops of rainwater is also help.

In order to make hydrogen in 9 boilers and coal at pressurization 50 atmospheric reaction, produce natural gas, need two Pulverized Coal Bin, to seal, natural gas via 11 cyclonic separation of generation enters, 19 waste heat boilers, the coal dust of non-complete reaction falls into the combustion chamber of 13 high-pressure boilers, produces CO2 and release heat with oxygen burning, manufactures high steam through 17 cyclone separators, coal ash enters in ash bucket 18, and the mist such as natural gas, hydrogen releases heat in 19 waste heat boilers.Be cooled to normal temperature at 22 aqueous vapor devices, entering desulfurizing tower 23 PDs method desulfurization PDS is efficient desulfurizing agent, and main component is binuclear phthalocyanine cobalt sulfonate, and technique is simple, and desulfurization degree reaches 95%, although price is high, only has 1-5mg/kg by concentration, CO in methanation furnace ₂generate natural gas with H-H reaction, enter in 26 absorbing natural gas towers, become natural gas ethanolic solution with the natural gas that ethanol absorbs wherein, flow in 27 ethanol natural gas solution tanks, receive out through de-pressurised natural gas solution from ethanol.Be natural gas companies after compression, unabsorbed hydrogen enters 28 two-stroke compressor compressions, enters boiler 9 heat and burns room, so circulate after jet pump 29 hydrogen make-up.

9, new-type synthetic ammonia and one-step method ammonium nitrate coproduction natural gas process

Ammonia synthesis reaction carries out in higher temperatures and higher pressure and catalysts conditions, reacted gaseous ammonia content only has 10%-20%, scholars study think seek low temperature under there is the catalyst of good liveliness proof, it is the key reducing operating pressure, China can produce good catalyst, but current synthetic tower structure cannot meet the suitable condition of work of good catalyst, this technique, new ammonia convertor is proposed, the measure of science is taked to meet the suitable condition of work of good catalyst, reduce pressure and reach 100 atmospheric pressure, reduce becoming the energy consumption that may make Ammonia Production.New-type water electrolysis hydrogen producing, oxygen cost are low, and for this technique provides condition, the ammonia of synthetic ammonia is from the hydrogen with water electrolysis, and nitrogen then obtains with air burning hydrogen, makes ammonia synthesis process short flow, and oxygen is used for burning and produces CO ₂, then methanation, manufactures high steam and drives centrifugal compressor to obtain 100 atmospheric hydrogen-nitrogens for steam turbine.

The chemical fertilizer that the ammonia that pressure is low is suitable for manufacturing is ammonium nitrate, the cost manufacturing urea is high, following chemical fertilizer major product is not urea but ammonium nitrate, but oxidation catalyst is platinum at present, platinum expensive and easily losing, non-platinum catalyst is due to reason technically and economically, the platinum expense of saving does not offset the low ammonia consumption caused of oxygenation efficiency, thus non-platinum catalyst fails industrially large-scale application, I thinks that non-platinum catalyst can industrially be applied to some extent, there has been good start, the application of following non-platinum catalyst is possible large-scale application.

Ammonia oxygen thanks to row six reaction

Each reaction equation equilibrium constant is that formula 6 is maximum above, formula 3 is taken second place, if the effect of catalyst-free produces nitrogen certainly, illustrate that platinum catalyst is outstanding, iron, cobalt non-platinum catalyst are also outstanding, as stoped the reaction of formula 6, formula 3, make it not occur, so iron, cobalt non-platinum catalyst may large-scale application, as long as it is lower that ammonia does not decompose ammonia oxidation rate, problem is not very large, and this technique improves the component of reactant ammonia and water in a large number, colleague improves pressure to 10-50 air, and these conditions make formula 6, formula 3 is in balance and is unlikely to react.

The new-type synthetic ammonia of Figure 45 and one-step method ammonium nitrate coproduction natural gas flow chart, 1-water tank; 2-water pump; 3-high pressure steam generator; 4-coal bunker; 5-coal bunker; 6-methanation furnace; 7-cyclone separator; 8-drum; 9-high-pressure boiler; 10-converter for ammonia oxidation; 11-waste heat boiler; 12-jet pump; 13-quick condenser; 14-gas-liquid separator, 15-saturated vapor condenser; 16-ammonia convertor; 17-heat exchanger; 18-ammonia condenser; 19-liquid ammonia storage tank; 20-water pump; 21-ammonium nitrate absorption tower; 22-ammonium nitrate absorption tower; 23-ammonium nitrate solution machine; 24-evaporimeter; 25 vapor recycle are put down, 26-centrifugal compressor; 27-circular centrifugal compressor; The granulation of 28-ammonium nitrate, 29-compressor, 30-jet pump, 31-jet pump; 32-water pump; 33-combustion furnace; 34-water heater; ; 35-gas-liquid separator; 36-hydrogen cabinet; 37 ammonia cabinets; 38-air blast; 39-jet pump.

This technique coproduction natural gas is consistent with Figure 44, see related description, manufacture high steam also close with Figure 44, our company stresses principle and the structure of new-type synthetic ammonia and non-platinum catalyst ammonium nitrate, this synthetic ammonia tower has the structure of heat exchanger, loading catalyst in pipe, it is then saturation water between pipe, ammonia synthesis preference temperature is 360 DEG C, the pressure of the saturation water therefore between pipe is 210 atm higher, when reaction heat makes hot water temperature rise, namely saturated vapor is generated, boiling-like, steam rises and condenses into saturation water, return between the pipe bottom synthetic tower by gravity, such catalyst keeps about 360 DEG C preference temperatures, reach the highest ammonia synthesis rate, in the highest balanced gas, ammonia content is 20% at present, this law may be 30% or higher, this saturation water generates saturated vapor and in time reaction heat is absorbed, produce steam, steam leaves fast, make catalyst bed temperature constant, be applicable to the cooling of the catalytic bed of all chemical exothermic reactions, best results.

The converter for ammonia oxidation of this non-platinum catalyst, also heat converter structure is adopted, loading catalyst iron in pipe, cobalt, two parts are divided into iron plate segmentation between pipe, it is the preheating of ammonia and steam between the pipe of half, it is the preheating of nitrogen and oxygen between second half pipe, heat, from the reaction heat of ammoxidation in pipe, is tested for temperature 1000-1500 DEG C in pipe, finds out best reaction temperature, overpressure is 10-50 atmospheric pressure, find out best reaction pressure, reactant also hinders to stop with a large amount of ammonia and steam, the decomposition reaction of ammonia.

The process description of this technique: pressurization juice 222 atmospheric pressure of 2 pump handle 1 water tanks, enter high pressure steam generator, produce the transcritical vapor of about 374 DEG C, heavily make it to be superheated to 400 DEG C to enter 25 steam and make flat, emerald green east 26, 27 centrifugal compressor works done, two compressors are made to reach 100 atmospheric pressure in the eyes, the hydrogen produced by water electrolysis enters 36 hydrogen cabinet storages, 38 air blast hydrogen pressures are to jet pump 31, suck air, enter 33 combustion chambers burn, through 34 water heater coolings, whom steam congeals into, in 5 stoste separators, the GN 2 enters nitrogen cabinet, after 25 steam make flat starting, 26 centrifugal compressors suck hydrogen, nitrogen is sucked in jet pump 39, H2-N2 ratio in gas is made to be 3: 1, enter 26 centrifugal compressors and be depressed into 200 atmospheric pressure with hydrogen ammonia circulation compressed gas through centrifugal compressor adherence pressure to 100 atmospheric pressure) mix, temperature is low 360 DEG C, enter in 17 heat exchangers, the heat of ammonia synthesis, make gaseous mixture reach 360 DEG C to enter ammonia convertor 16 and enter ammonia synthesis reaction, the steam that reaction heat is evaporated by saturation water and taking away, the catalytic bed in pipe is made to keep preference temperature 360 DEG C constant, reach the highest ammonia synthesis rate, forming gas enters 18 ammonia condensers, at CO ₂under refrigeration machine provides the cold of-50 DEG C freezing, gas is condensed liquid storage in 19 liquid ammonia storage tanks, the ammonia of this reaction, nitrogen enters adherence pressure to 100 atmospheric pressure in 27 circular centrifugal compressors, liquefied ammonia is sent between the pipe of 15 saturated vapor condensations, the saturated vapor that ammonia convertor produces is condensed into saturation water, return in the saturation water between ammonia convertor pipe by gravity, liquid is become gas by 360 ° with steam heat, in jet pump 12, suck steam 400 DEG C enter between 10 ammoxidation boiler tubes and be preheated to 700 DEG C, meanwhile, 29 compressors absorb the nitrogen of tower top eliminating 22, be compressed to 50 atmospheric pressure, enter between second half pipe of 10 converter for ammonia oxidations and be preheated to 700 DEG C, two strands of air-flows enter the reaction that converter for ammonia oxidation carries out ammoxidation together, through 17 waste heat boilers, mist is cooled enters 13 quick condensers, water condensation wherein gets off, enter in 21 ammonium nitrate absorption towers with mixtures such as ammoxidations, ejection is sprayed with 20 pump handle water, generate nitric acid and generate ammonium nitrate with ammonia react immediately, Here it is one-step method ammonium nitrate, rapid removing nitric acid makes absorption reaction become irreversible reaction.

Unreacted in converter for ammonia oxidation, ammonia do not waste, and compensate for iron, shortcoming that Co catalysts oxygenation efficiency is not high, make iron, cobalt becomes applicable catalyst.Reaction is continued at the NO absorbed with by 22 ammonium nitrate absorption towers, make the NO in the tail gas of a large amount of nitrogen and ammonia content very low, pressure to 50 air is improved with 29 recycle compressors, nitrogen being sent back to reaction (in 30 jet pumps supplemental oxygen) denseer ammonium nitrate solution in converter for ammonia oxidation and sends into 24 destilling towers, becoming ammonium nitrate chemical fertilizer with sending granulation tower after steam inspissation.

10, hydrogen reduction ironmaking and iron and steel, cement, ammonium nitrate, natural gas produce process integration.

Because new-type water electrolysis hydrogen producing cost is low, for the condition provided with the industrial conversion of oxygen, ammonium nitrate in this technique, natural gas are produced and scheme, new-type synthetic ammonia one-step method ammonium nitrate, technique and this programme-iron and steel, urea, cement, producing sulfuric acid and jointly natural gas principle are consistent, Figure 11 and see Figure 45 related description, this technique no longer repeats.

The general principle of this technique hydrogen steel-refining is described here, uses hydrogen reduction ferriferous oxide, when temperature is higher than 570 DEG C, point three steps are carried out:

(1)3Fe ₂O ₃+H ₂＝2Fe ₃O ₄+H ₂O+21800KJ；

(2)F ₃O ₄+H ₂＝3FeO+H ₂O-63570KJ；

(3)FeO+H ₂FeO+H ₂＝Fe+H ₂O-2770KJ

Carry out in two steps lower than the reactions of 570 DEG C:

(1)3Fe ₂O ₃+H ₂＝2Fe ₃O ₄+H ₂+21800K]；

(2)Fe ₃O ₄+4H ₂＝3Fe+4H ₂O-146650KJ

Analyze above-mentioned two situations, high-temperature hydrogen reduction ironmaking is disadvantageous, the raw material Fe of three molecules ₂o ₃production iron molecule however low temperature reduction with hydrogen smelts iron the raw material Fe of three molecules ₂o ₃three iron molecules produced, also has high-temperature hydrogen reduction ironmaking materials three hydrogen molecules just production department's iron molecule, and low temperature reduction with hydrogen ironmaking is only with five hydrogen molecule production departments, three iron molecules, the production of each iron molecule average only needs the hydrogen of 1.7 molecules, shows that high temperature hydrogen reduction ironmaking is disadvantageous, technique is difficult to implement simultaneously, low temperature hydrogen reduction ironmaking is then very easily implemented, and is heated to 600 DEG C just can have smelted iron with preheater hydrogen.

Figure 46 hydrogen reduction steel-refining schematic diagram, 1-phosphoric acid solution groove; 2-absorption tower; 3-waste heat boiler; 4-cooler; 5-iron-smelting raw material storehouse; 6-self-conveyor feed; 7-cyclone separator; 8-hydrogen reduction shower furnace; 9-hydrogen cabinet; 10-compressor; 11-hydrogen preheater; 12-converter; 13 molten steel outlets; 14-scum pipe; 15-water pump; 16-slag blanket; 17-molten steel; 18-calcining furnace; 19-hopper.

In iron ore, magnetic iron ore is phosphorous higher, and bloodstone is phosphorous lower, and siderite is phosphorous higher, and in calcining furnace, phosphorus and oxygen react and generates P ₂o ₅waste heat boiler is entered after cyclonic separation, cooling water absorbs into phosphoric acid, absorb turret clock at this ammonium nitrate and add phosphoric acid, generate the mixed fertilizer of ammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate, this chemical fertilizer is worth very high, and iron ore and coal, flux are configured to Portland cement, required chemical composition, the following Cao60%-70% of content; SiO ₂18%-22%; Al ₂o ₃4%-6%; Fe ₂o ₃2%-4%; Input in mixing bunker by after weighing automatically, then enter grinding of ball grinder powdered, after this input in 5 iron-smelting raw material storehouses, use 6 self-conveyor feeds, add 18 calcining furnaces.The tail gas heat quantity of 12 converters is very high, and temperature reaches 1300 DEG C, imports in 18 calcining furnaces, and lime stone temperature in thermal decomposition reduces to 1300 DEG C, and lime stone decomposes completely, produces CO and CO ₂, calcining furnace 18 is also blown into oxygen, makes the phosphorus oxidation dissociated become P ₂o ₂sulphur generates H ₂s, in 7 cyclone separators, gas-solid body is separated, and gas enters in 3 waste heat boilers, the Cao etc. of solid iron ore falls into 8 hydrogen reduction iron shower furnaces, under the blocking of the logistics of hopper 19, the thing of cyclonic separation can not flow in 8 hydrogen reduction iron shower furnaces automatically, only has the hydrogen (about 600 DEG C) of preheating, under winding-up in high pressure, the material of 19 flies upward, and now, the breeze of cyclonic separation just enters in stove.Under the reduction of hydrogen, iron ore produces sponge iron, now also play carburizing, it is lower that gas-solid body enters pressure from the conduit that stove is fixed, in 12 converters, the oxygen of preheating is blown into the high temperature of burning generation 1800 DEG C, iron and flux are melted into the operation that liquid enters steel-making, hydrogen constantly enters 10 compressor pressurizes from 9 hydrogen cabinets, then enter in 11 hydrogen preheaters, become the preheating hydrogen of 600 DEG C, in spirt 8 hydrogen reduction iron shower furnace, carry out the reduction reaction of ferriferous oxide, 12 converters are in static, slag floats, molten steel avales, carry out being separated of steel and slag, arrive end, molten steel makes iron and steel from 13 molten steel outlet discharges, slag is then from 14 scum pipe rows, powder cement is made at sprayer, circulation like this.

11, the cold slow middle word fertile nuclei reactor of tower sodium and electrification technique as well as.

The method of current sodium cold piece of neutron multiplication reactor is wrong, and it is impracticable for developing breeder reactor by the few plutonium-239 of accumulation, has the slow neutron breeder reactor of cooling and heating machine and the proposition of application first scheme thereof only, is only correct, but uses CO ₂be difficult as cooling agent, seek the object that best slow neutron breeder reactor technique is this project.

The principle of this slow neutron breeder reactor is, the thick bar form of 3 cm diameter all made by the fuel that reactor adopts, fuel in rod is that uranium-235 and uranium 238 mix, when uranium 235 generation slow neutron nuclear reaction, producing fast neutron, when absorbing for uranium-238, breeder reaction occurring, through twice decay, generate new fission fuel uranium-239.

Energy in fission is about 1 million-electron-volt, uranium-238, when neutron energy is at 25 electron-volts, is the most easily absorbed, because of now, about the moderation of neutrons to 25 of 1 million-electron-volt electron-volt, breeder reaction the most easily occurs, and this technique can have a try, and stores outside uranium-235 and uranium-238 in thick rod, also add graphite and make moderation of neutrons, may be beneficial to breeder reaction, therefore thick rod is the optimal design that slow neutron realizes breeder reaction, and thin rod then can not realize slow neutron breeder reaction.The thick rod 3.6 meters long of this heap, diameter is greater than 3 centimetres, and core pellet is diameter 3 centimetres, high 3.5 centimetres of cylinders, uranium-bearing-2353%, and uranium-23870%, makes hard ceramic body, puts in the stainless steel tube of slightly excellent 2 millimeters thick.

Figure 47 sodium cold slow neutron breeder reactor schematic diagram.1-gear; 2-tooth bar; 3-gear; 4-piston; 5-card; 6-nuclear fuel is slightly excellent; 7-nuclear fuel is slightly excellent; 8-control rod; 9-control rod; 10-Sodium vapour exports; 11-liquid sodium communicating pipe; 12-graphite; 13-lower face plate.

Because this heap adopts atmospheric operation, the boiling point of liquid sodium is 880 DEG C, when temperature exceedes, liquid sodium must produce saturated vapor, liquid sodium temperature is made to be in more than 880 DEG C, temperature can not rise, therefore, this control rod adopt by upper and control method, namely gear 1-gear 3 drives 2 tooth bars to make 4 pistons move up and down control rod to move up and down, realize the control of nuclear reaction, when neutron enters the thick rod of fuel, neutron has easily been absorbed by uranium 235 by graphite institute slowing down (this heap graphite makes moderator) and has carried out fission reaction, the fast neutron produced, may be absorbed by the uranium 238 closed on, there is breeder reaction, generate plutonium-239, fast neutron also may depart from thick rod and enter slowing down in graphite stack, enter thick rod and slow neutron nuclear reaction occurs, in a word, create slow neutron nuclear reaction, the condition that generation fast neutron and uranium 238 react, the condition reaching best breeder reaction also needs to explore.

The tower sodium of Figure 48 cold slow neutron fertile nuclei reactor and electrification technique as well as flow chart.

1-generator; 2-steam turbine; 4-high pressure steam generator; 4-jet pump; 5-liquid sodium storage tank; 6-slow neutron breeder reactor, 7-piston, 8-gear; 9-tooth bar; 10-liquid sodium dummy receiver; 11-liquid sodium pump; 12-valve; 13-valve; 14-swimmer's pool; 15-chimney stack; 16-multistage blowers; 17-loop wheel machine; 18-water tank; 19-high-pressure hydraulic pump; 20-workshop; 21-shields tower; 22-centrifugal compressor.

This workshop 20 height is at about 40 meters, loop wheel machine is high at about 30 meters, shielding tower is at about 20 meters, diameter 10 meters is done in, and it is not airtight that this workshop plays a part containment list, but blowing air, the air in workshop is sucked in 15 chimney stack emptying by 16 multistage blowers, because the assembly of radioactive material is harmful, be harmless when radioactive substance exposure is uncommon the irrigating of > 0.3, but uncommon the irrigating of > 6 make people lethal.So in time from the radioactive substance that high altitude discharge is up to standard be useful, this cell floor has the obvious gradient, ceramic tile should be built, water is taken advantage of a situation and runs underneath among swimmer's pool 14, shielding tower plays pressure vessel effect, but blow-by, 22 is the atmospheric centrifugal compressors of generation 300, constantly suck air from shielding top of tower, shielding tower bottom enters air, used heat in tower is brought in 22 centrifugal compressors, 300 atmospheric pressure vapors that pressure-air and high pressure steam generator occur converge and enter turbine work done, 22 centrifugal compressors are actually and do not consume energy, its important function is that the vapor partial pressure of steam turbine is reduced, the diluting effect of drop air is not produced during weary gas, weary gas emptying is made to be safe.This not recovered steam but emptying are nuclear power major reforms, radiation content rareness is without large evil, and accumulation radioactive substance is then harmful, are difficult to process, so this is wise measure.Nuclear power need not by the river, seashore founds the factory, and can do factory in mountain area, safer, allowed area leave human living for.Nuclear power is done in mountain area, and emptying can erect chimney stack on mountain top, and the radiological effect of nuclear power is less, safer.

Air, from chimney stack emptying, adds the air draft of 16 multistage blowers, and the radioactive substance diluted is safe from chimney stack emptying.

Before nuclear reaction is started, liquid sodium is the same high with the liquid level of 6 slow neutron breeder reactors at 5 liquid sodium storage tanks, after nuclear reaction is started, saturated vapor is produced during the boiling of liquid sodium, Sodium vapour outlet enters high pressure steam generator and produces steam, high-pressure hydraulic pump 19 sucks hydraulic pressure and is compressed to 300 atmospheric pressure from water tank, enter in steam generator the high-temperature steam producing 600 DEG C, 2 steam turbine works done are entered after the waste gas that jet pump sucks in shielding, generate electricity in generator, the emptying in 15 chimney stacks of weary gas, 16 multistage blowers air drafts make Dilution air a lot, emptying is safe, 6 reactors are replenisher sodium from 5 liquid sodium storage tanks constantly, this is the power that potential difference provides, automatically sodium liquid is added, Sodium vapour is condensed into liquid at 3 high steams, flow in 5 liquid sodium storage tanks along pipeline, steam generator is higher than liquid sodium storage tank about 5 meters, realize automation, the liquid sodium supply way of this safety and reliability.

When changing spentnuclear fuel, close 18 valves, close 12 and open valve 13, allow liquid sodium flow into 10 liquid sodium dummy receiver (storage tank vacuumizes) loop wheel machines hang to spread its tail and cover the top cover of tower, pull down cylinder piston and control rod, card is hung in 14 swimmer's pools together with crude fuel rod, in pond, deposits half a year more than, be lifted on transported on trucks crude fuel treatment plant by loop wheel machine and process.When changing fresh fuel, during thick rod is piled together with card 6 slow neutron nuclear reactions of lifting up in shielding tower, thick rod inserts among graphite hole, and then install piston, together with control rod, cylinder etc. hang in installation.

12, nuclear power jet engine and jet plane.

This nuclear power adopts the cold slow neutron breeder reactor of sodium, because of aircraft cabin limited height, adopt large diameter reactor, simultaneously heat exchanger changes and puts at aircraft back, heat exchanger is horizontal installation of tilting, to make reduction aircraft drag, use state-of-the-art centrifugal compressor, air punching press enters punching press room and then enters centrifugal compressor compression, pressure reaches about 500 DEG C of 42MPa temperature, reduce pressure through jet pump, suck large quantity of air, temperature reduces to about 200 DEG C, enter heat exchanger, under the heating of Sodium vapour, pressure-air temperature reaches about 700 DEG C, part pressure-air enters Hot gas turbine work done, drive centrifugal compressor, part pressure-air, two jet pipes on wing and two jet pipes (totally eight jet pipes) the jet work done on tail is imported by conduit, aircraft vertical landing is made to look for flight forward.

Figure 49 nuclear power jet engine and jet plane schematic diagram.1-jet plane; 2-actuating motor; 3-high-pressure centrifugal compressor; 4-punching press room; 5-hot gas turbine; 6-jet pump; 7-heat exchanger; 8-liquid sodium storage tank; 9-controlling organization; The cold slow neutron breeder reactor of 10-sodium; 11-punching press room; The horizontal jet pipe of 12-; The downward jet pipe of 13-; 14-punching press room; The horizontal jet pipe of 15-; The downward jet pipe of 16-.

When jet plane takes off, 2 actuating motors rotate, and drive centrifugal high pressure machine rotates.Air compressing to 42MPa, temperature reaches about 500 DEG C, logical jet pump 6 sucks large quantity of air, temperature reduces to about 200 DEG C, enter 7 heat exchangers (nuclear reactor starts) under Sodium vapour heating, pressure-air reaches 700 DEG C, an air enters 5 hot gas favourable turn works done, drive centrifugal compressor, two downward jet pipes that another part air imports on wing are jet, jet with the downward jet pipe of two on tail, aircraft vertical is taken off, when having arrived high-altitude, electronic chalk rotate make it pressure-air import the horizontal jet pipe on the wing of left and right and two horizontal jet pipes on tail jet, make aircraft flight forward, punching press room is had before four horizontal jet pipes, to increase jet working medium, when flight forward, punching press room have compressed air, by the mechanism of jet pump, compressed air enters jet work done together in jet pipe.

13, nuclear power sky and space plane

This nuclear power sky and space plane, can fly in endoatmosphere, also can in too airflight, wherein there are nuclear power jet engine and liquid-propellant rocket engine, nuclear power jet engine Figure 49 is identical, liquid rocket then adopts liquid natural gas and liquid oxidation propellant, has two high pressure liquid pumps and rocket chamber and jet pipe.

Figure 50 nuclear power sky and space plane schematic diagram.1-sky and space plane; 2-starter motor; 3-high-pressure centrifugal compressor; 4-punching press room; 5-hot gas turbine; 6-jet pump; 7-heat exchanger; 8-liquid sodium storage tank; 9-controlling organization; The cold slow neutron breeder reactor of 10-sodium; 11-punching press room; The horizontal jet pipe of 12-; The downward jet pipe of 13-, 14-liquid oxygen pump; 15-liquid natural gas pump; 16-combustion chamber.

Nuclear power sky and space plane can landing on airport, when taking off, motor starts, drive high-pressure centrifugal compressor, compressed air is to 42MPa, temperature is at about 500 DEG C, enter 6 jet pumps, suck large quantity of air, temperature reduces to about 200 DEG C, enter 7 heat exchangers, now nuclear reactor starts, Sodium vapour in pipe is about air heat to 700 DEG C, part pressure-air enters hot gas turbine work done, drive centrifugal compressor compressed air, another part pressure-air is imported into the downward jet pipe on the wing of left and right, with the downward jet pipe ejection about tail, aircraft vertical is taken off, arrive high-altitude, electronic chalk imports pressure-air in four horizontal jet pipes and sprays, make aircraft flight forward, fly to the stall of space jet engine, rocket engine is started working, burn the incendiary agent and oxidant that carry, in space, the satellite of massiveness is sent into Earth's orbit, once can throw in several satellites, also recovery can be keeped in repair into the satellite run, this sky and space plane reaches 62 meters.

14, nuclear power bullet train.

This bullet train is electric locomotive, electric power is from sodium cold slow neutron breeder reaction pile power generating, and electricity generating principle is consistent with Figure 48, in order to make steam turbine weary gas discharge safety, free from environmental pollution, with centrifugal high pressure machine Compressor Manufacturing pressure-air, enter in steam turbine that common work done generates electricity with high steam, its object makes constant 300 atmospheric pressure of gas stagnation pressure, but adding because of air makes vapor partial pressure in reduction, even if air low temperature does not also generate water droplet, the diluting effect of air, makes the emptying of weary gas be safe.

Figure 51 nuclear power bullet train principle schematic.1-motor gear; 2-axletree gear; 3-actuating motor; 4-generator; 5-centrifugal compressor; 6-steam turbine; 7-liquid sodium storage tank; 8-heat exchanger; The cold slow neutron breeder reactor of 9-sodium; 10-controlling organization; 11-exhaust manifolds; 12-water pump; 13-water tank.

Train is region AT STATION, nuclear reactor is not enabled, now the power of train is that battery provides electric power, leave station areas and just start nuclear reactor, 3 actuating motors rotate, drive 5 centrifugal compressors, air compressing to 300 atmospheric pressure, nuclear reactor starts, the heat of nuclear reaction makes coolant fluid sodium produce saturated vapor, 880 DEG C, Sodium vapour enters 8 heat exchangers, water between pipe is heated into the steam of about 600 DEG C, 300 atmospheric pressure, converge compressed air and enter 6 steam turbine work done generatings, AC rectification becomes direct current, for direct current generator is used, promote train high forward, the weary gas of steam turbine is transported to the afterbody discharging waste gas vertically upward of train through conduit 11, 13 is water tanks, there is the effect absorbing neutron, train is safe, 12 high-pressure hydraulic pumps, hydraulic pressure is reduced to 300 air, 8 heat exchanges are sent to produce high steam.

15, nuclear power high-speed craft.

This high-speed craft out drives with direct current generator and revolves outside oar advance, and also make it to run at high speed with pressure-air jet-propulsion, nuclear power generation principle is consistent with Figure 51, and centrifugal compressor adopts extra heavy there to be unnecessary compressed air, carries out jet-propulsion.

Figure 52 nuclear power high-speed craft principle schematic.1-actuating motor; 2-heat exchanger; 3-centrifugal compressor; 4-steam turbine; 5-liquid sodium storage tank; 6-heat exchanger; 7-controlling organization; The cold slow neutron breeder reactor of 8-sodium, 9-water pump; 10-water tank; 11-direct current generator; 12-motor pinion; 13-revolves oar axle gear wheel; 14-revolves oar; 15-air jet pipe; 16-jet pump.

Nuclear power high-speed craft, does not enable nuclear reactor at waterfront area, and power is by battery supply.Arrive sea, 1 actuating motor rotates, drive 3 centrifugal compressors, compressed air is to 42MPa, now nuclear reactor starts, the heat of producing makes liquid sodium produce saturated vapor, 880 DEG C, the water under high pressure of Sodium vapour in 6 heat exchangers between heating tube, make it the atmospheric vapor (steam) temperature of generation 300 about 600 DEG C, work done generating in 4 steam turbines is entered together with pressure-air, make to revolve oar to rotate, ship moves forward, meanwhile another part pressure-air enters 16 jet pumps, suck in the weary gas of steam turbine and then 15 air jet pipes jet, ship is run at high speed, in addition this bullet train of emptying of weary gas has more Dilution air air, so weary gas blowout gas is safe.

16, tower electrolytic sodium chloride produces sodium metal technique.

This slow neutron breeder reactor, selects Liquid Sodium to be cooling agent, because liquid sodium is little to material corrosion, has good heat transfer property.The boiling point of sodium 880 DEG C is the heat carrier of suitable heating.The cold slow neutron breeder reactor of this tower sodium, without sodium pump, Natural Circulation is fool proof, and following nuclear reactor all can applicable technique, so very large to the demand of sodium, the technique proposing large-scale production sodium metal is necessary.

The tower electrolytic sodium chloride of Figure 53 produces sodium metal process chart.The tower electrolytic cell of 1-; 2-negative electrode; 3-anode; 4-barrier film; 5-liquid sodium basin; 6-float chamber; 7-electromagnetic oven; 8-electromagnetic oven; 9-heat exchanger; 10-belt conveyor; 11-salt storehouse; 12-waste heat boiler; 13-cooler; 14-condenser; 15-liquid chlorine storage tank; 16-electromagnetic oven; 17-communicating pipe; 18-electromagnetic oven.

This tower electrolytic cell is manufactured by stainless steel, and graphite is anode, at the center of cylinder, the cylinder surrounding anode is nickel negative electrode, and barrier film is netted cylinder, and salt sends into 11 salt storehouses by 10 leather conveyers, along thick tubulation, fall into the bottom of 9 heat exchangers, under the heating of electromagnetic oven 7, when arriving 650 DEG C, sodium chloride becomes molten, flows into 6 float chambers, then enters electrolytic cell, when electrolytic cell has filled the sodium chloride of melting, float chamber closes sodium chloride can not enter electrolytic cell.When electrolysis, chlorine body is produced around anode, and emersion electrolytic cell, and then rise between 9 heat exchanger tubes, release the heat of the high temperature of 650 DEG C, the sodium chloride in pipe is made to be preheating to about 300 DEG C, under 7 electromagnetic oven heating, arrive 650 °, salt is melted because of electrolysis, the liquid of electrolytic cell reduces, make communicating pipe liquid level reduction, float-controlled valve leaves, the sodium chloride of fusing is allowed to flow into, realize auto feed, the liquid sodium produced in electrolysis, thus this proportion is heavier than sodium chloride floats over above sodium chloride solution, 5 liquid sodium basins are imported by conduit, temperature 650 DEG C keeps always, so that noncondensing one-tenth solid during blowing, 12 waste heat boilers are entered by 9 heat exchangers chlorine out, produce low-pressure steam, enter 13 water-cooleds, and then 14 use CO in condenser ₂refrigeration machine, the liquid being chilled to-20 DEG C puts into 15 liquid chlorine storage tanks, and as ready is sold, and 18 electromagnetic ovens are firing equipments for subsequent use, and when stopping production, sodium chloride may solidify, and during driving, 18 electromagnetic oven heating, melt the sodium chloride solidified, production is normally run.

17, new-type multi-heat source meal congee unification pot.

In cooling and heating machine and application first scheme thereof, the electromagnetic oven electric cooker of proposition successfully can cook nice congee and meal simultaneously, but structure also has shortcoming, such as be connected with double-edged fine-toothed comb individual pin do not push down,, may steam be there is and blow the son that turns over, make the grain of rice enter the bottom of a pan and burn in the plate that the bottom of a pan is with holes.The user of current use electromagnetic oven is less, so this programme proposes new-type multi-heat source meal congee unification pot, and the meal congee pot that can use the thermals source such as coal gas, natural gas, coal briquette steam is necessary.How to realize first boiling the feature that rear steaming is this programme; Bowl structure and electromagnetic oven electric cooker basically identical, when cooking, water is added in pot, 1 cm on double-edged fine-toothed comb, need not rice complete immersion among water.Rice boils three minutes in boiling water, then opens the draining valve below double-edged fine-toothed comb, makes water level on double-edged fine-toothed comb three centimetres, this pot still subtracts firepower, and the water of boiling, all the time under double-edged fine-toothed comb, ensures that steam is not with water, the meal boiled like this is high-quality, about this pot of general pot of ratio doubles.The water of discharging can be used for cooking congee.In order to prevent valve blockage, the valve of large displacement need be selected.Rice boils 3 minutes in boiling water, and meal is comparatively hard, if rice boils 5 minutes in boiling water, and, meal is soft.Cook separately and cook congee separately and be all fine.Feature of the present invention is that rice first boils 3-5 minute in boiling water, then boils about 30 minutes at little fire dry-steam.Above-mentionedly need not equip, such as, in boiling water, boil 3 minutes with pot, be then poured over another double-edged fine-toothed comb steams and also can.

Figure 54 new-type multi-heat source meal congee pot schematic diagram, 1-stainless-steel pan body; The 2-electromagnetic oven kitchen range top, 3-heater coil, 4-rice; 5-iron plate; 6-water; 7-double-edged fine-toothed comb; 8-pot itself, 9-pot cover; 10-double-edged fine-toothed comb four pin; 11-porous disc; The handle that 12-is connected with plate; Another handle be connected with plate of 13-; 14-draining valve.

Figure 54 and Figure 32 major part is identical, and difference is that porose plate has had two handles, is convenient to take out plate, and another difference is, four pin be connected with double-edged fine-toothed comb push down the limit of porose plate, ensures that plate is not blown by steam and turns over.Next uses draining valve controlling water level.

18, the cold deuterium of sodium-tritium head-on collision fusion reactor and magnetic current power generation technique.

Cooling and heating machine and application first scheme thereof have proposed deuterium-tritium head-on collision nuclear fusion and magnetohydrodynamic generator technique, this is attainable technique, the shortcoming that cooling agent is then it is made with heavy water, heavy water preparation difficulty, expensive, need 300 atmospheric operations with high pressure just to have the higher temperature of high saturated vapor with the fusion reactor of heavy water.Heavy water generates tritium under neutron irradiation, thus consumes heavy water, and under actinism, heavy water also can decompose.This technique adopts sodium to make cooling agent without above-mentioned shortcoming.

The cold deuterium of Figure 55 sodium-tritium head-on collision fusion reactor and magnetic current power generation process chart.1-water tank; 2-water pump; 3-motor; 4-centrifugal compressor; 5-water preheater; 6-liquid sodium storage tank; 7-superconducting magnet case; 8-nuclear fusion boiler; 9-deuterium-tritium ringotron; 10-drum; 11-electromagnet; 12-armature; 13-armature cover; 14-superconducting magnet case; 15-power channel; 16-superconducting magnet case; 17-steam generator; 18-gas-liquid separator; 19-deuterium basin; 20-check valve; 21-air blast; 22-boiler; 23-chimney stack; 24-water-supply-pipe; 25-shields workshop.

Deuterium-tritium ringotron diameter 3 meters, it is wide 30 centimetres, high 10 centimetres that annular accelerates road; Cryogenic magnetic field does not cover whole deuterium-tritium annular and accelerates road, and right-hand member 30 centimeters does not have cryogenic magnetic field, and object makes the constant cryogenic magnetic field impact of 11 electromagnet, performs the function of its electromagnet.Deuterium-tritium accelerates to accelerate in road in 9 deuteriums-tritium annular together; Cylindrical wall is positive pole, and inner round wall is negative pole, and the relative part in the two poles of the earth has most advanced and sophisticated outstanding, when connection dc source 4-7 × 10 ⁴during V, produce point discharge, in corona discharge, deuterium-tritium has become magnetic fluid, has electric conductivity.Electrical conductor is subject to the effect of magnetic field force in magnetic field, produces Ampere force F=ILB.The direction left hand rule of Ampere force, now deuterium-tritium magnetic fluid is by clockwise counter motion, and because electric current and magnetic field force are huge, the power of generation is very large, therefore produces high accelerated motion.

Due to deuterium-tritium atomic nucleus all positively chargeds, two positively charged cores be made close, enough kinetic energy must be had, overcome Coulomb repulsion between the two later.This deuterium-tritium magnetic fluid accelerator can produce huge kinetic energy, not second to 10 ⁸the kinetic energy of plasma during K high temperature; But in order to make deuterium-tritium head-on collision, it is not all right that light has enough kinetic energy to make, and them also will be made to clash, and 11 electromagnet apparatus are arranged in order to deuterium-tritium head-on collision, when armature is in cover, accelerator is unblocked, when electromagnet energising, evoke magnetic field inside and outside iron core, armature is magnetized, attracted by iron core, jump up from armature cover, block the outlet of deuterium-tritium, clash.Because the deuterium-tritium accelerated under cryogenic magnetic field has high kinetic energy, in overcoming the Coulomb repulsion between deuterium-tritium body, and there is nuclear fusion in foot, releases heat; When electromagnet power-off, make armature magnetic field little and fall in 13 armature covers, making deuterium-tritium have path, under the action of a magnetic force, unreacted deuterium-tritium starts again to accelerate, and so circulates.

Deuterium-tritium fuel 1 gram equals 8 tons of oil, deuterium-tritium body fusion, what average each nucleon was released can be 3.5 million-electron-volts, be in fission reaction each nucleon release 4 times of energy 0.85 million electro-volt, so nuclear fusion boiler caloric value is very large, sodium, 880 DEG C of boilings, produces saturated vapor and enters 10 drums, then enter 17 steam generators, manufacture high steam.Water in 1 water tank enters 2 water pumps and is forced into 320 atmospheric pressure, and enter 5 water preheaters and be preheated to 300 DEG C, enter 24 water-supply-pipes, a part of water enters 22 boilers.(Pascal's law is known, load under the liquid energy jack-up heavy in section of small interface) therefore, when water pump runs well, hot water can flow in 22 boilers, and this is very important technical measures, because sodium temperature is very high 880 DEG C, once the water pump of secondary circuit has been broken, do not intake, so anhydrous steam generator, burn red after, as with water inlet, fierce reaction and may damage equipment will be there is; Had 22 boilers, when water pump is not intake, the boiler of 22 can be flowed out water and be entered in 17 steam generators, and the red equipment of unlikely burning.After stopping in emergency, danger will be removed, in 8 nuclear fusion boilers, lithium melts in sodium liquid, neutron produces neutron Hong sky lithium core and produces tritium when nuclear fusion, tritium gas enters 17 steam generators with Sodium vapour, enters 18 gas-liquid separators after sodium liquid condensing, tritium rises through 20 check valves, enters in 19 tritium basins; Liquid sodium flows downstream in 5 water preheaters, and water is heated to about 300 DEG C, and liquid sodium flows downstream in 6 liquid sodium storage tanks, returns 8 nuclear fusion boilers; About 5 meters, steam generator freestone fusion boiler, is convenient to liquid sodium and returns nuclear fusion boiler by gravity.4 centrifugal compressors under the drive of 3 motor, air compressing to 320 atmospheric pressure; Together enter magnetohydrodynamic generator passage with high steam to generate electricity.Manufacturing pressure-air is filled with in steam, and object reduces the component of steam; Make the steam after expansion not produce water droplet to play an important role; The weary gas of dilution like this is from chimney stack 23 emptying; 21 air blasts constantly enter emptying in chimney stack the gas in workshop.This factory matters are still living and in good health mountain area, mountain top is built chimney stack and is more conducive to environmental protection.25 workshops will play a part containment.This technique centrifugal compressor manufactures pressure-air, is then filled with the high steam that Sodium vapour manufactures, and together enter the generating of magnetohydrodynamic generator passage, make the emptying of weary gas safer, the discharge of diluting effective radiation is effective measures.

19, sodium cold nuclear energy magnetic fluid electrical rocket.

First scheme has proposed new-type atomic reactor and new-type magnetohydrodynamic generator technique, principle is correct; But CO ₂heat conduction velocity slow, above-mentioned technique can not be advanced.Maintain superconduction refrigeration system by methane cold, this system is also complicated.The sodium cold nuclear energy magnetic fluid electrical rocket of this programme, adopts the sodium that heat conduction velocity is fast; Adopt high-temperature superconductor, refrigeration system but adopts liquid nitrogen temperature (77K), and object is that the complexity of refrigeration system on abolishment electrical rocket must be effectively simple.The high-temperature superconductor refrigeration system that first scheme proposes, is applicable on ground and surface craft; But it is then inapplicable on aircraft.The high-temperature superconductor liquid nitrogen temperature deep cooling adopted aboard, adopt liquia air (the pressure 3.78MPa that the high-temperature superconductor refrigeration system of first scheme manufactures, temperature-140.6 DEG C) be decompressed to normal pressure, temperature reduces to liquid nitrogen temperature (77K), (magnet case is Dewar jar structure to inject magnet case, good heat insulating), so just can remove the refrigeration system of copy.This rocket cold slow neutron breeder reactor of sodium provides the energy.

Working medium is made in atmosphere with air, with high-pressure centrifugal compressor, air pressure is shortened into high pressure, after sucking large quantity of air with jet pump, after the Sodium vapour heating of nuclear reaction, generate electricity at magnetohydrodynamic generator passage, air working medium produces high-speed motion under highfield and cryogenic magnetic field effect, and high speed jet thrust is very large.Magnetohydrodynamic generator passage and magnetic fluid accelerated passage all share identical electrodes, and share identical superconduction magnetic pole, and have three layers in the channel, top layer is power channel, and intermediate layer is rocket accelerated passage forward, and bottom is rocket accelerated passage backward.The end accelerated forward and backward has flap valve, when flap valve cuts out horizontal jet groove valve, when opening downward jet groove, aircraft vertical is taken off.Arrive the outer space, working medium can only be used water as, large water tank provides water, high-pressure hydraulic pump is pressed into high pressure, is heated into hot water, to Sodium vapour heater between sodium storage tank pipe, make high pressure superheated steam, for magnetic current power generation, air working medium and device of working medium all make identical function, realize aircraft and fly forward or fly backward or VTOL.

To be advanced with the magnetic fluid electrical rocket of sodium cold nuclear energy manufacture.

Figure 56 sodium cold nuclear energy magnetic fluid electrical rocket principle schematic.1-deep cooling superconducting magnet case; 2-power channel; 3-is rocket passage forward; 4-is rocket passage backward; 5-magnet case; 6-water tank; 7-high-pressure hydraulic pump; 8-actuating motor; 9-high-pressure centrifugal compressor; 10-steam turbine; 11-sodium cooled nuclear reactor; 12-controlling organization; 13-sodium pump; The electronic chalk of 14-; 15-Sodium vapour heater; 16-negative electrode; 17-jet pump; 18-sodium storage tank; 19-magnetic valve.

Above-mentioned principle illustrates: when rocket starts, 8 actuating motors rotate, drive 9 centrifugal high pressure machine compressed air to 420 atmospheric pressure, temperature more than 500 DEG C, large quantity of air is sucked by 17 jet pumps, temperature reduces to less than 300 DEG C, enter 15 Sodium vapour heaters, temperature reaches more than 600 DEG C, enter the generating of magnetohydrodynamic generator passage, cutting magnetic line movement and produce induced electromotive force generating, rocket passage is forward proceeded to after pressure-air decompression cooling, in highfield, air has become electrical conductor, under the effect of the magnetic field force of superconduction, produce Ampere force, air is made to make high-speed motion, accelerate in very long acceleration road, then jet work done, Here it is magnetic fluid electrical rocket.Aircraft is flown forward; The air that electronic chalk 14 makes to enter rocket passage forward if rotate enters rocket passage backward and accelerates, and jet work done, makes aircraft fall back.To make aircraft vertical landing; Then rotate electronic chalk, make air both enter rocket passage forward, another air enters rocket passage backward and accelerates, and time jet, the flap valve of rear and front end cuts out horizontal jet outlet, opens downward gas-blowing outlets jet, realizes aircraft vertical landing.Aircraft has arrived the outer space, air can not be made to make working medium, then use water as working medium; The water of water tank 6 enters 7 high-pressure hydraulic pumps and is forced into 300 atmospheric pressure, heat between the pipe entering 18 sodium storage tanks, 19 magnetic valves drive 15 Sodium vapour heaters into and are heated to more than 600 DEG C, then power channel is entered, the operation of device of working medium is identical with above-mentioned air working medium, realizes flying forward and flying backward and VTOL.

The cold slow neutron breeder reactor of 11 sodium, mostly is large diameter reactor aboard, and liquid sodium produces saturated vapor at 880 DEG C, rises to the Sodium vapour heater of the inclination of aircraft back, working medium is heated.The suction of the pressured difference of liquid sodium of condensation returns 18 sodium storage tanks, by 13 sodium pumps, sodium liquid is supplemented in nuclear reactor.

20, sodium cold nuclear energy electrical rocket sky and space plane.

First scheme has proposed nuclear power magnetic current electrical rocket sky and space plane, principle is correct, only because of CO ₂as cooling agent, the design of advanced sky and space plane can not be had.The cold slow neutron breeder reactor of this sodium, creates condition for building advanced sky and space plane, and this sky and space plane just uses the sodium cold nuclear energy magnetic fluid electrical rocket of Figure 56 as engine, need not use nuclear energy jet engine.

Figure 57 sodium cold nuclear energy electrical rocket sky and space plane schematic diagram.1-actuating motor; 2-steam turbine; 3-high-pressure centrifugal compressor; 4-controlling organization; 5-slow neutron nuclear reaction is piled; 6-Sodium vapour heater; 7-sodium storage tank; 8-high-pressure hydraulic pump; 9-large water tank; 10-deep cooling superconducting magnet; 11-rocket sprays groove backward; 12-rocket sprays groove downwards; 13-rocket sprays groove forward; 14-rocket sprays groove downwards; 15-rocket accelerates backward; 16-power channel; 17-magnetic valve; 18-flap valve; 19-flap valve; 20-jet pump; 21-magnetic valve.

Above-mentioned principle illustrates: when taking off, 1 actuating motor starts, 3 high-pressure centrifugal compressors are air compressing to 420 atmospheric pressure, temperature reaches more than 500 DEG C, by 20 jet pumps, suck large quantity of air, temperature reduces to less than 300 DEG C, enter 6 Sodium vapour heaters, pressure-air is heated to more than 600 DEG C, and a part of pressure-air enters magnetohydrodynamic generator passage, and another part pressure-air is by 17 magnetic valves, enter rocket backward and accelerate road acceleration, the air after generating proceeds to rocket accelerated passage forward and accelerates; Horizontal jet spray groove closed by 18 flap valves and 19 flap valves, opens jet spray groove downwards, aircraft vertical is taken off.Arrived high-altitude, 17 closed electromagnetic valves, 18 and 19 flap valves cut out and spray groove downwards simultaneously, open horizontal jet spray groove, make aircraft flight forward, and during landing, 18 and 19 flap valves cut out level spray groove, open spray groove downwards and aircraft vertical is landed.Arrive the outer space, air working medium can not utilize, with 8 high-pressure hydraulic pumps, the suction of the water of 9 large water tanks is forced into 300 atmospheric pressure, enter between 7 sodium storage tank pipes, water is heated into hot water, and 21 magnetic valves are opened, enter heating between 6 Sodium vapour heater tubes and produce high pressure superheated steam more than 600 DEG C, enter power channel, the working medium of steam and air working medium make same merit, realize aircraft and fly forward or backward or VTOL.Working medium, under highfield and cryogenic magnetic field effect, produces high-speed motion, and ejection gas velocity is higher than chemical propellant 4000m/s, and thrust wants large.

Claims (2)

1. cooling and heating machine and application thereof are the last words on Pyrology field, and cooling and heating machine and application first scheme thereof have 30 projects as follows: 1, R134a refrigeration, air-conditioning, refrigerator, and boiling water three closes machine; 2, dimethyl ether refrigeration, air-conditioning, refrigerator, boiling water three closes machine; 3, CO ₂refrigeration, central air-conditioning, boiling water two closes machine; 4, methane deep cooling, new-type making oxygen by air separation machine; 5, low-temperature rectisol CO ₂and H ₂s, CO technique washed by liquid methane; 6, synthetic ammonia freezes cold separation of ammonia, cold air cooling carbamide granulation technique; 7, slow urea-urea nitrate, urea phosphate, sulfuric-urea technique; 8, nitrogenous fertilizer combined producing dimethyl ether alternative motor fuels technique; 9, iron and steel, urea, cement, sulfuric acid process integration; 10, two stroke gasoline supercharging machine; 11, the single four people's seat cars of single cylinder; 12, combined type precombustion chamber two stroke diesel engine; 13, new-type two-stroke internal combustion engine; 14, piston gas-pressing gas turbine; 15, centrifugal high pressure compression jet engine; 16, the middle-size and small-size aircraft jet engine of the many piston gas-pressings of single cylinder; 17, miniature jet formula aircraft; 18, circular tower electrolytic cell, the electrolysis process of pump circular electrolyte; 19, thermal power plant co-producing acetylene acetone soln (aviation substitute fuel) technique; 20, thermal power plant combined producing dimethyl ether, methane ethanolic solution (diesel oil, gasoline-like alternative) technique; 21, new-type atomic energy breeder reactor and new-type magnetohydrodynamic generator technique; 22 nuclear power jet planes; 23, nuclear power magnetic fluid electrical rocket sky and space plane; 24, the electric locomotive of nuclear power magnetohydrodynamic generator; 25, nuclear power magnetic fluid electrical rocket ship; 26, deuterium-tritium head-on collision nuclear fusion and magnetohydrodynamic generator technique; 27, high voltage, electrolysis of water steam hydrogen manufacturing oxygen technique; 28, electromagnetic oven electric cooker; 29, interactive good tool-clock code computer input method; 30, high-pressure electrolysis hydrogen manufacturing oxygen, urea co-production aviation fuel technique processed.

Four inventions can be summarized as: one, modern refrigerant machine to begin a project; Two, new work engine; Three, new-type energy technology; Four, low energy consumption technologies.Its feature is as follows:

Modern refrigerant machine is new-type diffusion absorption refrigeration, wherein has R134a to freeze, and dimethyl ether freezes, CO ₂refrigeration, methane refrigerant, because these refrigeration machine energy consumptions are low, will have many new products, and have R134a to freeze, air-conditioning, refrigerator, boiling water three closes machine; Dimethyl ether freezes, air-conditioning, refrigerator, and boiling water three closes machine; CO ₂refrigeration, central air-conditioning, boiling water two closes machine; Methane refrigerant, new-type making oxygen by air separation machine.Because methane refrigerant energy consumption is low, the cost of oxygen is very low, is conducive to the improvement of iron and steel chemical fertilizer, realizes pernicious gas zero-emission; Wherein there is low-temperature rectisol CO ₂and H ₂s, liquid methane washes CO, and changing urea is slow urea-urea nitrate, urea phosphate, sulfuric-urea; Nitrogenous fertilizer combined producing dimethyl ether alternative fuel for cars; Iron and steel, urea, cement, sulfuric acid process integration.

New work engine.Change quartastroke engine is new-type two-stroke internal combustion engine, during engine suction, sucks large water gaging with water carburetor, and gasoline engine compression ratio can be made to improve, and two-stroke gasoline engine can supercharging, the fuel feeding when supercharging, and use air scavenging, scavenging is oil-proof; Four-stroke-cycle changes two-stroke into can make loading capacity double, and can manufacture the single four people's seat cars of single cylinder, reduces urban congestion.Combined type precombustion chamber, makes diesel engine can supercharging, can improve the thermal efficiency; Internal combustion engine is changed into compressor, and this combustion turbine power is four times of former quartastroke engine, former automobile can be changed into long snake formula train or change automobile helicopter into.According to the principle of F=ma, this gas turbine, jet engine jet pump sucks large quantity of air (increase working medium quality m) and (a) for this reason, combustion chamber needs cooling system to increased acceleration, and gas turbine can not more than 700 DEG C to strengthen gaseous-pressure; Therefore, the modern new-type Large centrifugal compressors of large aircraft.Gas turbine engine systems is located at tail and opens in paulin cabin aircraft has rotorjet, with electronic chalk, combustion gas is imported rotor and revolves the ejection of oar end, realize aircraft vertical landing; With electronic chalk, combustion gas is imported jet pipe ejection, realize aircraft and fly forward at a high speed.Centering baby plane, lacks high efficiency centrifugal compressor, can select the many piston blowers of single cylinder, drive with gas turbine.This jet engine can equip middle-size and small-size aircraft, and can be contained in drive end unit open cabin, middle-size and small-size aircraft has rising rotor, combustion gas can be imported rotor and revolve the ejection of oar end, realize aircraft vertical landing with electronic chalk; With electronic chalk, combustion gas is imported jet pipe, aircraft flies forward fast.

New-type energy technology.This water electrolysis adopts circular tower electrolytic cell, and pump circular electrolyte technique, to improve electrolytic efficiency.Negative electrode cylindrical cartridge type nickel (or stainless steel) filament winding becomes large area cathode, and anode is justifying the pipe of center 10 cm diameter, the sheath turned to nickel (or stainless steel); Electrolyte is by managing interior inflow.Barrier film is then that 1 rice diameter is cylindric, and become cloth-like with nickel (or stainless steel) silk weaving, three layers around on cylinder framework.During electrolysis, electrolyte flows to barrier film by anode tube, generates oxygen and produces H ⁺, move to barrier film, absorb electronics Cheng Qing by barrier film.Oxygen and hydrogen rise to oxygen room and hydrogen chamber.Because pump is constantly in electrolyte input electrolytic cell, constantly washes away KOH, make it circulation, unlikelyly become resistance, therefore improve electrolytic efficiency.Electrolytic efficiency improves, and water electrolysis hydrogen production is by thermal power plant extensive use.Thermal power plant co-producing acetylene acetone soln (aviation substitute fuel) technique, change thermal power plant looks, boiler not only produces steam, also chemical-reacting furnace has been become, manufacture valuable aviation fuel, toxic gas zero-emission, economic benefit is multiplied.Thermal power plant combined producing dimethyl ether, the toxic gas zero-emission of methane ethanolic solution (diesel oil, gasoline-like alternative) Yi Shi thermal power plant, economic benefit is multiplied.From then on thermal power plant has abolished condenser, has saved a large amount of water, weary gas (cold air lower than normal temperature) directly emptying, and contribute to reducing atmospheric air temperature, rainy probability increases, and contributes to cooling and rinse air.This atom reactor fuel rod adopts the stainless steel tube of thick 2 millimeters that slightly excellent 3 cm diameter 3.6 meters is long.Because involucrum is sturdy and durable, safety guaranteed (steel pipe is not fragile, and radiation is not easily run out), this heap is graphite C O ₂gas-cooled breeder reactor, cooling agent is except using CO ₂, also can use heavy water and helium, the shell stainless steel manufacture of this heap, make the form of picture cylinder of internal-combustion engine, there is piston.Control rod, is vertically fixed on piston flat surface, and rotate with gear bar, piston rod is a part for tooth bar, and motor makes pinion rotation, and band carry-over bar rotates up and down, control rod is injected between fuel rod from the bottom up and controls.Reactor among 600 DEG C, with the anti-CO of stainless steel ₂corrosion is feasible.Reactor is arranged in the pressure vessel of thick 30 centimetres, fuel rod with 3/4ths uranium _-235, the uranium of 1/4th _-238, mix, add powdered graphite, manufacture hard ceramic body, fuel pellet diameter is slightly less than 3 centimetres, the small column of high 3 centimetres, puts in stainless steel tube; Graphite is made hundreds of block fragment of brick and is built into cellular, and control rod and fuel rod in heap (in graphite) have predetermined hole; Fuel rod aggregate top card is fixed together, and is convenient to fuel rod integral installation and dismounting.Enter thermal neutron and the uranium of fuel rod _-235produce fission reaction, the fast neutron of generation may by the uranium on side _-238absorb, but uranium _-238limited amount, makes disintegration energy continue, and breed fuel will play fission reaction in heap.Cooling agent CO ₂reaction heat is taken out of reactor, manufactures steam in a vapor generator, suck air (for cooling the air of the temperature on nuclear reactor surface) by jet pump and enter the generating of magnetohydrodynamic generator passage.Coil made by the zero resistance material of high-temperature superconducting magnet 130K, and with fluid under pressure air dip, weary gas is by chimney stack emptying.

This magnetohydrodynamic generator is not that the electronics of high-temperature gas (3000K) overcomes atomic nucleus gravitation, and become free electron, atom becomes cation, this magnetohydrodynamic generator working medium amount is steam, electrode on superconducting magnet generator passage has most advanced and sophisticated outstanding, with the power supply of induction coil, and 4-7 × 10 ⁴v, make negative electrode produce point discharge, in corona discharge, steam has become ion, and high steam decompression is lower at a high speed by power channel cutting magnetic line movement, produces induced electromotive force, ε=Blu, the sense of current that the sense of current right-hand rule is identical with induction coil.This superconducting magnet, adopt high-temperature superconductor, temperature during zero resistance is 130K, namely uses fluid under pressure air dip, maintains refrigeration system by methane cold.This nuclear reactor fuel rod is the thick rod of 3 centimetres, and involucrum made by the stainless steel of thick 2 millimeters, must not damage, and allows radiation run out of, fool proof; Control rod is fixed on piston, electric gear racks turn, nuclear control flexibility and reliability, and therefore this heap is well suited for bulk transport machinery and is used as power.One kilogram of uranium-235 is equivalent to 20000 tons of gasoline, this heap is more suitable for large aircraft and is used as power, long 37 meters of this nuclear power jet plane, horizontal reacting piles up airplane tail group, do not affect the safety of passenger, aircraft has four rotorjets, makes aircraft at any time can VTOL, patronage can more than thousand people, carry 850 passengers safer (this aircraft can not VTOL be have serious safety problem) than airbus A380.This jet engine adopts state-of-the-art high-pressure centrifugal compressor, outlet pressure reaches 42MPa, its peripheral speed of impeller of titanium alloy is adopted to reach 400m/s, compressor revolution reaches as high as 120000r/min, thus can impeller diameter be reduced, make the volume of compressor, quality reduces, and is applicable to large aircraft.Centrifugal compressor is compressed to the air of high pressure, sucks large quantity of air and makes it cooling, enter heat exchanger, absorb by CO with jet pump ₂the heat of the nuclear reaction brought, enters hot gas turbine work done, and the compression that a part of power is used for centrifugal compressor is used as power; Another part is as jet power; What high-pressure hot air imported four rotors when electronic chalk revolves the ejection of oar end, aircraft vertical is risen or falls; When high-pressure hot air is imported four jet pipe ejections on wing by electronic chalk, make the rapid flight forward of aircraft.

Magnetic fluid hot-air not only can generate electricity, and turns 180 ° of angles after generating and enter and accelerate road and can accelerate, and it is very large for accelerating to high velocity air jet thrust from very long acceleration road, Here it is magnetic fluid electrical rocket, and this engine is applicable to sky and space plane and is used as power.Aircraft length is 70 meters, and it is long that magnetohydrodynamic generator passage accelerates 60 meters, road; Aircraft has two cover dynamical systems, and one is nuclear power gas ejecting system, and two is magnetic fluid electrical rocket systems.A large-scale nuclear reactor-graphite C O ₂air cooling breeder reactor, has two heat exchangers, and one is jet air heat, and another is heated into high steam for magnetic fluid working-medium water.There are three passages, one, to accelerate road one of (be also landing accelerate road) this channel electrode contrary with power channel for braking on upper strata; 2, middle level magnetohydrodynamic generator passage, high steam generates electricity quickly through power channel in this decompression; Three, lower floor is for advancing accelerated passage (being also that one of road is accelerated in landing), and this channel electrode is identical with power channel electrode.The working medium of accelerated passage is exactly the steam working medium (weary cyclostrophic 180 ° of angles of just generating enter accelerated passage, and jet is exactly magnetic fluid electrical rocket) of power channel.Reach 60 meters, the acceleration of long distance owing to accelerating road, make jet velocity very large, exhaust velocity can reach ten times of the highest exhaust velocity 4000m/s of chemical propellant, can perform the outer space task flying away from the earth.This sky and space plane has two cover VTOL systems, fool proof, and on atmosphere, flight can be flown to any city and all do not want 1 hour by this aircraft of carrying 2,000 people.Article two, the end in acceleration road has electronic flap valve, and when aircraft rises or fall, horizontal outlet blocked by flap valve, magnetic fluid guiding is sprayed vertically downward, reaches the object of aircraft vertical landing.When aircraft makes a return voyage at the outer space, start braking and accelerate road, spray forward high speed magnetic fluid and make it deceleration and leave the right or normal track, aircraft just can be down to 122 kilometers, enters reentry stage, and when being decelerated to 730m/s, braking is accelerated road and just quit work.

Because Electric Locomotive is large, climbing capacity is strong, be responsible for the freight volume of suitable proportion, but DC motor locomotive needs contact net, and amount of copper consuming is very large, and it is favourable for replacing contact net with nuclear power magnetohydrodynamic generator.This electricity generation system is located in the compartment of the tailstock, and electric power is input into by roof cable in the direct current generator on headstock.Nuclear reactor, in the eminence of the tailstock, does not affect the safety of passenger.Magnetohydrodynamic generator working medium is hard water, and the weary gas emptying after generating, non-toxic gas emptying and train oppositely do not affect passenger.Nuclear power magnetic fluid electrical rocket is advantageous particularly to steamer, nuclear reactor is placed on the highest point of steamer, magnetohydrodynamic generator is used for two dynamical systems, and in berthing space, during navigation, electric power advances for dc motor carrying screws at a slow speed, marine greatly, become 180 ° of angles at the rear weary cyclostrophic of magnetohydrodynamic generator passage generating and enter magnetic fluid acceleration road acceleration, accelerate long 40 meters of road, very large speed can be produced, spray in water, make the quick sailed onward of ships.Thermonuclear reaction only has the thermonuclear reaction of this universe scale on the sun just possible.Must not implement controlled thermonuclear fusion on earth, controllable thermonuclear fusion experiment should stop, and " magnetic confinement " is impracticable, and the coil of " tokamak " necessarily can not bear 10 ⁸the high-temperature baking of K, I proposes the scheme of deuterium-tritium head-on collision nuclear fusion in the eighties in 20th century, within 2005, I proposes this scheme again, soon, I finds the successful record of head-on collision nuclear fusion in bookstore: when the people such as rutherfords in 1934 are with deuteron bombardment tritium, create the helium that quality is 3, achieve in the world nuclear fusion first.Thermonuclear fusion utilizes high temperature to make the core of two positive charges have enough kinetic energy, makes two cores have enough kinetic energy, and non high temperature can not, Rutherford experiment demonstrates and is only correct by the method for non-thermonuclear.I reveres the rutherford of talent, guides direction to keep punching according to him, utilizes the magnetic fluid accelerator of my invention in 2005, dinuclear is reached higher than 10 ⁸the suitable kinetic energy of K high temperature, then makes it head-on collision, realizes nuclear fusion.The acceleration road diameter 3 meters of deuterium-tritium head-on collision nuclear fusion, it is wide 30 centimetres, high 10 centimetres that annular accelerates road.Cryogenic magnetic field does not cover whole deuterium-tritium annular and accelerates road, right-hand member 30 centimeters does not have cryogenic magnetic field, object is that the electromagnet making deuterium-tritium accelerate right-hand member overhead, road does not affect by cryogenic magnetic field, after this electromagnet coil passes to electric current, inside and outside iron core, just evokes magnetic field, armature below acceleration road is magnetized, attracted by the iron core of coil encircling and rise, blocking the outlet of the deuterium-tritium of the high speed accelerated on road, clash with armature, there is a series of chain of rings head-on collision in deuterium later-tritium, kinetic energy is more than 10 ⁸, therefore there is a series of nuclear fusion in the thermonuclear kinetic energy of K height.The heat of the nuclear fusion produced is absorbed by the heavy water of nuclear fusion boiler, thus produces steam.This fusion boiler produces critical pressure 221 atmospheric pressure, and temperature 374.2 DEG C, produces the steam of 200 atmospheric pressure, 300 DEG C of secondary circuits for heavy water vapour heater, generate electricity at magnetohydrodynamic generator passage.Tritium can absorb neutron by lithium and obtain, the fusing point of lithium 186 DEG C, heavy water temperature 374.2 DEG C, heavy water solubilized lithium, therefore, constantly produces tritium in nuclear fusion process, tritium gas enters drum and manufacture steam at steam generator together with steam, when entering gas-liquid separator after steam-condensation, tritium being separated, entering the basin of tritium.

Low energy consumption technologies.Figure 24 proposes circular tower electrolytic cell, and pump circulating water electrolytic technique, can improve electrolytic efficiency, but voltage is too low, and power is too little, and the hydrogen-oxygen of production can not meet the transformation of thermal power plant and steel plant; Figure 31 proposes new-type water electrolysis method, and this is new-type multiplexe electric technology, and electrolytic cell is consistent with Figure 24, just adopts 4-7 × 10 ⁴the electrolysis of V high voltage; Without electrolyte with 200 atmospheric high steam electrolysis, the hydrogen of manufacture is for the synthesis of ammonia; Why the transformation of thermal power plant and steel plant wants a lot of hydrogen, and reason is that thermal power plant and steel plant are in order to CO ₂zero-emission, the CO of collection ₂for the production of the method process of urea, produce synthetic ammonia with hydrogen, nitrogen and then use CO ₂produce urea.Figure 33 electrolytic cell is full of 200 atmospheric pressure vapors, and electrode passes into 4-7 × 10 ⁴the direct current of V; Negative pole produces point discharge, and in corona discharge, water vapour has decomposed, and electric discharge generates oxygen (oxygen rises to oxygen room) hydrogen ion to movable cathode in the anode, obtains electronic energy hydrogen (hydrogen rises to hydrogen chamber) through barrier film; 200 atmospheric steam constantly enter in the anode tube of circular tube shaped, and nickel screen gap enters in electric field the point solution reaction carrying out little steam; Barrier film plays shielding action, and electronics can not enter in barrier film to react with hydrogen ion only has hydrogen ion to movable cathode, absorbs electronics and becomes hydrogen, so it is safe that hydrogen-oxygen can not mix.The hydrogen of the empty point of nitrogen then obtained and electrolysis is synthetic ammonia feedstock, the flow process that this ammonia synthesis process is the most brief, and energy consumption is minimum, and cost is minimum, and this urea is cheap chemical fertilizer, for storing CO harmful to air in a large number ₂play effect.Chemical fertilizer may be superfluous, can be used for producing corn, brewage ethanol, manufactures methane ethanolic solution (best replacing gasoline fuel), so new-type steel plant all coproduction urea fertilizers.Current electric cooker resistance-type electric furnace, the thermal efficiency only has 50%-55%, and this electromagnetic oven electric cooker thermal efficiency is up to 70%-80%, and economize energy good economy performance, cook effective, safety and sanitation are without air pollution.The most important thing is that the meal quality of making is very good, rice in the Chinese tradition happy festival time dinner party of similar meal rice steamer meal, general principle is similar, and just modern science and technology makes it automation: in high-power, after water is boiled, more than Bi Shang swelling, soaks rice, boils 3 minutes, then power to 120 DEG C is turned down, now boiling water falls below Bi after rise, and the contact of discord rice, steams half an hour in steam and rice is well-done.Be cook congee below Bi, because there are 4 centimetres of much higher porose disc to intercept, meter Bu Hui glues the bottom of a pan and burns, and this is the principle of automatically cooking congee, and with boiling water modulation suitable concentration, this is the niciest gruel.The invention of electronic computer is the most magical invention of multiplexe electric technology, and its several functions is admirablely magical, and it is appropriate for being referred to as computer, and the telecommunications industry of the world today changes communication in the past completely; Blemish in an otherwise perfect thing is the upper machine input method too backwardness of man, unbecoming with high efficiency computer; Five, natural code, phonetic code, Cangjie's code all finds it difficult to learn, and uses inconvenience, and many people can not typewrite, and can not send e-mails, handwriting pad is much better, and more brilliant than this computer pen may be clock code.Can not only word be got, also can get conventional words and phrases and conventional Chinese idiom.Its principle is that each man has the four tones of standard Chinese pronunciation to pronounce, available numbered musical notation 2563 compose numeral, every words all can compose into rapidly tune (i.e. numeral), quickly, will catch up from behind, by people are welcome by clock code for speed of need not thinking hard, invention-computer that the multiplexe electric technology that used clock code perfect is the most magical, also be the good tool that following sky and space plane and command centre's telecommunication contact, clock code can say it is ingenious multiplexe electric technology, sends out SMS also quick.When high-pressure electrolysis hydrogen-oxygen is successful and deuterium-tritium head-on collision nuclear fusion success electric power is inexhaustible; Coal then can exploit 300 years, and the resource shortage people of coal will cherish; Or else nitrogenous fertilizer use coal hydrogen manufacturing, with water electrolysis hydrogen producing, with nitrogen production by air separation, this hydrogen nitrogen can synthetic ammonia processed, originally the factory of coal inhibition and generation fertilizer changes the methane of engine fuel processed or steel-making into, so have high-pressure electrolysis steam hydrogen manufacturing oxygen, urea co-production aviation fuel technique processed.

2. cooling and heating machine and application alternative plan thereof are the supplementary and development of cooling and heating machine and application first scheme thereof, and have 23 projects, its feature is as follows:

(1) refrigeration system of high-temperature superconductor.With empty oxygen as cold supporting agent, liquia air (more than the 3.78MPa close to critical pressure is obtained with the agent of methane cryogenic refrigeration, temperature less than-140.6 DEG C), by in the magnet case of this liquia air injection high-temperature superconductor (this case can bear the pressure of 4MPa), the whole magnet of submergence, then continuously outflows the higher liquia air of temperature from magnet box top, and this liquia air enters in the cool room of methane cryogenic refrigeration machine, inject again in magnet case after absorbing cold, so circulate.

(2) natural gas used for automobile liquefaction process.This liquid natural gas is not the liquid of-162 DEG C of deep coolings under normal pressure, but 20 atmospheric cryogenic liquid natural gases, there is during-140 DEG C of low pressure liquid natural gas motorcars the same effect of EFI, and more reliably safer; With methane cryogenic refrigeration mechanism cold, freezing natural gas energy consumption is low, and attached product boiling water, sets up hotel provide convenience for gas station is other.

(3) cold air fluid bed bulky grain chemical fertilizer technique.This fluidized bed plant adds and is loaded into bottom granulation tower, and form large funnel-form, cold air sprays into the center of funnel, is suspended in the air, becomes fluidized state to the up-draught bulky grain chemical fertilizer that makes to drop.Cold is CO ₂refrigeration machine manufactures, powerful cfentrifugal blower, after air higher for pressure is blown into and is dewatered in dehydrater, enters CO ₂cool room absorbs cold, becomes the cold air of about-10 DEG C, is blown in fluid bed, cooling bulky grain chemical fertilizer.

(4) lean burn natural gas two stroke engine.This two stroke engine is oil-proof with the pure air scavenging of crankcase, natural gas is input into gaseous-pressure tank with control needle-valve from low pressure liquid natural gas, when scavenging is complete, gaseous-pressure pressure tank is greater than cylinder pressure, and check valve is opened, the natural gas inlet casing in gaseous-pressure tank, realize the object of supply fuel, because of the groove around spark plug, make natural gas concentration around spark plug high, and light lean-burn mist.Suck large water gaging with water carburetor during this two-stroke crankcase air-breathing, thus save fuel.Present stage still can use gasoline for the fuel, during scavenging, turbocharger compressed air, enter in gaseous-pressure tank after sucking gasoline by carburetor, when scavenging is complete, gaseous-pressure pressure tank is greater than cylinder pressure, and check valve is opened, benzine-air mixture in gaseous-pressure tank enters cylinder, the new-type two stroke engine of realization gasoline.

(5) new-type small and medium-sized car.With lean-burn two-stroke natural gas engine and storage battery direct current generator hybrid power engine, can produce new-type small and medium-sized car, be the development trend of future automobile, and single double individual car price is low, saves fuel, be conducive to environmental protection again.

(6) the Natural Gas turbine of lean-burn supercharging two-stroke compressor.Compressor is two-stroke supercharging single cylinder compressor; The centrifugal air blast driven by gas turbine, sucks air and sucks large water gaging by water carburetor and enter crankcase and compressor housing and compress, and power substantially increases.Low pressure liquefied natural gas by steel cylinder out, through noticeable degree, enter gaseous-pressure tank; When the air compressed is jet to combustion chamber, the natural gas that jet pump sucks in right atmospheric pressure tank sprays in combustion chamber together, burns under plug ignition; Also have a pressure-air to suck air cooling-down to 700 DEG C by jet pump and enter gas turbine work done, the gear wheel that have passed gear driven compressor makes crank rotation, and power imports large flywheel into and drives rear wheel by clutch, and automobile is advanced.This engine power is very large, can make train type automobile and use; Also the engine of carplane can be made.Present stage still can use gasoline for the fuel, and fuel supply method is consistent with first scheme piston gas-pressing gas turbine, and the air jet pump namely compressed sucks air cooling-down, then enters in carburetor and sucks gasoline.

(7) the centrifugal natural gas jet engine of calming the anger of lean-burn punching press.This jet engine adopts industrial advanced centrifugal compressor, and pressure reaches 42MPa.Use punching press air-breathing, make centrifugal compressor pressure of compressed air larger, time jet backward, increase working medium quality with punching press, make ram-air be mixed into jet work done together in jet combustion gas by the principle of jet pump, make jet thrust larger; Aircraft has four jet pipes jet backward, and aircraft is advanced, and four downward jet jet pipes, realize VTOL.Use low pressure liquefied natural gas to make fuel, because the calorific value of combustion gas is higher than gasoline, when low pressure natural gas is for combustion, play a part EFI, simultaneously safer, reliable, namely use noticeable degree.Liquid natural gas in low pressure steel cylinder, after entering gaseous-pressure tank, when pressure-air is jet to combustion chamber, enters in pressure-air, burns under plug ignition under the effect of jet pump; Another pressure-air sprays in combustion chamber after sucking air by jet pump, realize lean burn, temperature is at about 1200 DEG C, combustion gas sucks air by jet pump and enters gas turbine work done, temperature is at about 700 DEG C, combustion gas after work done, temperature 300 DEG C, jet work done in the very high importing jet pipe of pressure.Combustion chamber water-cooled, hot water cools at the radiator of aircraft back.This aircraft also can use gasoline for the fuel, and be transported to combustion chamber with high-pressure oil pump and spray, this aircraft noise is larger.

(8) lean-burn, jet pump sucks air and increases the jet natural gas rocket of matter, also can make propellant with petrol and diesel oil.This rocket uses liquid oxygen and liquid natural gas to make propellant; Propellant is after high-pressure pump compression, and sucking air through jet pump increases working medium; When the combustion gas injection of combustion chamber, in the jet pump that specialized designs manufactures, sucking large quantity of air increases working medium, then jet work done together with high-temperature fuel gas, and because of the increase of working medium, thrust strengthens rocket thrust, and range is farther.Natural gas is used to be that expense is lower than diesel oil.This law thinks that rocket liquid hydrogen is incorrect, because hydrogen density is low.

(9) generating of lean burn natural gas turbine adds jet-propulsion bullet train.This natural gas lean burn gas turbine uses high-pressure centrifugal compressor, pressure reaches 42MPa, turbine work done generating direct current generator drives unnecessary powered belt dynamic high-pressure compressor, increase gases at high pressure, spray in jet pipe, do jet-propulsion, train is run at high speed, combustion chamber water-cooled, the radiator cooling of hot water on train top.Row DC motor for vehicles drives, and speed change is easy.

(10) lean burn natural gas gas turbine power generation, electric power adds jet-propulsion high-speed craft.

This gas turbine uses high-pressure centrifugal compressor, pressure reaches 42MPa, pressure-air passes through jet pump, suction is entered the natural gas in gaseous-pressure tank by noticeable degree, enter combustion chamber, burn under plug ignition, after another pressure-air sucks air by jet pump, enter combustion chamber, realize lean burn.Combustion gas sucks air by jet pump makes temperature drop to 700 DEG C, and enter gas turbine work done generating, dc motor drives and revolves oar, and ship is advanced.After gas turbine work done, exhausted temperature is at about 300 DEG C, and pressure is very high, and jet pipe ejection on the quarter, jet-propulsion, makes ship run at high speed.Combustion chamber water-cooled, hot water radiator cooling above deck.

(11) thermal power plant coproduction natural gas process.The exhaust pollution of current thermal power plant is serious, only has and thoroughly reforms technique, realize zero-emission and just can deal with problems.Due to new-type water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and oxygen, cost is low, for repowering provides condition.This law coal and hydrogen manufacture saturated vapor in reaction under high pressure heat release, and heating high-pressure water is to high temperature; Build another high-pressure boiler, with oxygen burning unreacted coal completely, generate CO ₂and heat, heat at boiler manfacturing high-pressure saturated steam, the high-pressure water heating that old boiler heats, become high pressure, postcritical superheated steam is used for generating, and superheated steam sucks preheated air by jet pump, and the component of high steam steam is reduced, work done in turbine, water droplet is not produced, when exhausted temperature is very low, in chimney stack emptying during temperature step-down, this discharge makes the aqueous vapor that cleans and air, without CO ₂with compounds such as S, N.The CO that high-pressure boiler produces ₂, through cooling, after desulfurization, carry out methanation reaction, absorb methane with ethanol, decompression is released into natural gas, send natural gas companies to sell.The complete hydrogen of unreacted pressurizes through compressor, with entering again the exothermic reaction that old boiler carries out coal and hydrogen after jet pump supplemental hydrogen, so circulates.

(12) new-type synthetic ammonia and one-step method ammonium nitrate coproduction natural gas process.This new-type synthetic ammonia is with the obtained hydrogen of water electrolysis, with the nitrogen that air burning hydrogen is obtained, under the promotion of steam turbine, hydrogen nitrogen is compressed to 100 air by centrifugal compressor, and in new-type ammonia convertor, make hydrogen nitrogen synthetic ammonia with the catalyst of efficient cryogenic, in Balance Air, ammonia can reach more than 30%, this new ammonia convertor has the structure of heat exchanger, catalyst filling in pipe, with the press water i.e. saturation water of 360 DEG C between pipe, pressure is lower than the critical pressure 22.1MPa of water, large about about 21MPa, when namely ammonia synthesis heat release generates saturated vapor more than 360 DEG C, carry heat in steam, steam leaves synthetic tower vapour in the vapour condenser of a high position and to congeal into water, water returns between the pipe of ammonia convertor by potential difference, catalyst is in optimum 360 DEG C operate, there is maximum ammonia synthesis rate, saturation water between this pipe absorbs heat makes catalyst keep the reactor of preference temperature, be suitable for the reactor of the exothermic reaction of all catalysis.This law ammonium nitrate is produced and is used non-platinum catalyst ferrum-cobalt catalyst, increase the nitrogen in ammoxidation reaction, the component of water and pressure make the reaction of generation nitrogen stop, utilize the structure of heat exchanger, namely iron, Co catalysts is full of in pipe, between pipe, half passes into superfluous ammonia and steam preheating, and second half, by the preheating of air and oxygen, just enters Catalytic Layer when preheating gas reaches 700 DEG C and play ammoxidation reaction.Reacting gas is through waste heat boiler, and quick condenser enters nitric acid absorber; Unreacted ammonia also enters in tower, and the nitric acid of generation generates ammonium nitrate with ammonia react immediately, Here it is one-step method ammonium nitrate, because nitric acid removes very soon, make absorption reaction become irreversible reaction, assimilation effect is fine, obtained dense ammonium nitrate solution, decreases the steam vapour amount of evaporation, unreacted NO and N ₂, O ₂, return in converter for ammonia oxidation with recycle compressor pressurization, this technique realizes nitric acid production zero-emission, is conducive to environmental protection.

(13) hydrogen reduction ironmaking and iron and steel cement and ammonium nitrate, natural gas produces process integration.Hydrogen reduction iron production in high temperature is disadvantageous, is favourable lower than the hydrogen reduction ironmaking of 570 DEG C, and the space mounting hydrogen preheater of this technology utilization ironmaking steel furnace roof, makes hydrogen reach 600 DEG C and carry out low-temperature reduction ironmaking.The waste gas of converter enters the burning of calcining furnace oxygenation, and make iron ore and flux calcination, sulphur, phosphorus are evaporated, CO ₂decompose out, in the cyclone separator of high temperature, solid iron ore etc. falls into hydrogen reduction iron-smelting furnace, be blown into hydrogen to make it to suspend, the oxide realizing iron ore reduction iron generates iron, enters converter from iron-smelting furnace roof fall, produces high temperature about 1800 DEG C with the oxygen burning being preheated to 600 DEG C, iron ore is made to melt the process of carrying out making steel, move from east to west, slag floats, and steel avales, finally flowed out by row's steel pipe and make steel ingot, slag is flowed out by slag-drip opening makes cement.Ammonium nitrate is consistent with above-mentioned related content with the production of natural gas.

(14) the cold slow neutron breeder reactor of tower sodium and electrification technique as well as.Carry out nuclear reaction with the cold fast neutron of sodium, the object reaching propagation is incorrect; This project thinks that the object utilizing the nuclear reaction of slow neutron to reach propagation just may success.This used by nuclear reactor graphite makes moderator, and sodium makes cooling agent, in thick nuclear fuel rod, containing uranium _-235and uranium _-238fuel, can also add some graphite, because of energy 1 million-electron-volt of fast neutron, and uranium _-238the neutron of easy absorption 25 electron-volts, suitable moderation of neutrons may be favourable.Core pellet makes diameter 3 centimetres, the cylinder of high 3.5 centimetres, uranium _-235content 30%, uranium _-238content 70%, makes hard ceramic body, and load in the stainless steel tube of wall thickness 2 millimeters, height is the fuel rod of 360 centimetres, and dispersion is fixed on upper face plate.The neutron of slowing down enters in thick rod, with uranium _-235play the fast neutron that fission reaction produces, with uranium _-238react, after twice decay, generate plutonium _-239, achieve breeder reaction.Some make fast neutron then may leave Cu Bangjin graphite district to carry out slowing down, enter in the thick rod of another root and then produce again above-mentioned situation.The heat of nuclear reaction, passes to liquid sodium by the thick rod of stainless steel; When temperature reaches 880 DEG C, liquid sodium produces saturated vapor and leaves sodium liquid, rises in the steam generator of eminence and produces steam, self is then condensed into sodium liquid, by the gravity of potential difference, be back in the adjacent liquid sodium storage tank of nuclear reactor, liquid sodium storage tank with have communicating pipe to be connected bottom nuclear reactor.The circulation of liquid sodium is without sodium pump, and using liquid sodium produces saturated vapor and rises in the steam generator of eminence and be condensed into liquid sodium, return by gravity in the liquid sodium storage tank be connected with nuclear reactor, storage tank and steam generator are at a distance of about 5 meters, liquid sodium storage tank plays an important role, because the evaporation of liquid sodium is very fast, liquid level reduces very fast, and liquid sodium is supplemented into immediately by adjacent liquid sodium storage tank; Also flow back to fast after the sodium cooling of steam in liquid sodium storage tank; The recycle ratio sodium pump of this cooling agent is reliable, safety.The steel cylinder wall thickness 30 centimetres of reactor is to prevent gamma-emitting shielding measure.Very strong radioactivity is had, so shield high-order relevant equipment with the shielding tower of wall thickness after the radiation of liquid sodium.This nuclear reactor workshop will play a part containment, but constantly with multistage ventilating fan suction workshop toxic gas, by high chimney emission after dilution; The high steam that secondary circuit produces, the not direct generation of electricity, and with centrifugal compressor, the high pressure of air compressing, then add in the steam of secondary circuit generation, vapor composition is reduced, steam work done in turbine generates electricity into the very low weary gas of temperature and does not also have water droplet generation, and weary gas is through high chimney emission, and a large amount of air sent into by multistage ventilating fan, dilute weary gas, the injury effect of the radiation that can not be harmful to.The loop wheel machine in workshop, for increasing work efficiency, has prepared good facility, makes the time of staff in workshop the least possible.

(15) nuclear power jet engine and aircraft.This nuclear power adopts the cold slow neutron breeder reactor of sodium, and the heat exchange equipment aircraft back of the body tilts and crouches; Centrifugal compressed is to the air of high pressure, utilize to spray and suck large quantity of air, after reducing temperature, enter in heat exchanger, improve temperature under sodium heating in pipe, import Hot gas turbine work done, drive centrifugal compressor compressed air, the pressure-air of another part imports jet work done in jet pipe, makes aircraft vertical landing or flight forward.Horizontal jet pipe has punching press room to increase jet working medium.Cooling agent sodium is Natural Circulation, namely liquid sodium rises in heat exchanger at 880 DEG C of generation saturated vapors and adds hot-air, becomes liquid sodium, by gravity rework solution sodium storage tank after cooling, liquid sodium storage tank and nuclear reactor same level, entered in nuclear reactor supplementary for liquid sodium by communicating pipe.Circulation without sodium pump is safer, reliable.

(16) nuclear power sky and space plane.This aircraft has two cover engines, and namely nuclear power jet engine and liquid rocket start; Advance by nuclear power jet engine when aerial flight; Liquid rocket propulsion is then used at too aerospace plane; These two kinds of engines and aforesaid engine completely the same.

(17) nuclear power bullet train.This bullet train is electric locomotive, and electric power is from sodium cold slow neutron breeder reaction pile power generating.In order to make the weary gas discharge safety after the steam work done of secondary circuit, utilize high-pressure centrifugal compressor air compressing to high pressure, be filled with in high steam, enter work done generating in turbine, the effect of pressure-air is that vapor composition is reduced, work done in steam turbine, even if in low temperature, do not congeal into water droplet yet, and this is can the technical measures of emptying after the work done of secondary circuit steam, be compressed into pressure-air not consume energy, the work done because pressure-air reduces pressure in turbine.This train is also led weary gas conduit on tailstock top, and vertical emptying, does not affect passenger.Nuclear reactor is not enabled in region AT STATION.

(18) nuclear power high-speed craft.This nuclear power high-speed craft and nuclear power bullet train, principle is basically identical, and difference is more powerful steam turbine and centrifugal compressor; Except driving centrifuge to compress steam-charged pressure-air, also compressing and using jet work done, the pressure-air of boat.In seaport area, high-speed craft does not enable nuclear reactor.

(19) tower electrolytic sodium chloride, produces sodium metal technique.Manufacture the tower groove of electrolysis with stainless steel, the vertical graphite of central authorities is anode; The cylinder nickel surrounding graphite makes negative electrode; Dissolve sodium chloride at the bottom of tower in come in, chlorine is produced under the effect of graphite anode electrolysis, chlorine rises to heat exchanger, the sodium chloride preheating that the heat of high temperature of 650 DEG C is between pipe, in electrolytic cell, sodium ion is by the attraction of negative electrode, arrives in nickel cathode, become sodium metal through barrier film, because proportion is lighter and float than sodium chloride, then flow in sodium basin.The liquid level of electrolysis tower is controlled by float, and when electrolyte declines, float-controlled valve leaves, and allows and flows in tower by the sodium chloride of Electromagnetic Heating melting, and this technique realizes maximizing and automation.Chlorine is sodium chloride through preheating, manufactures low-pressure steam, water-cooled and CO at waste heat boiler ₂the cold that refrigeration is come makes it liquefaction, is stored in tank.

(20) new-type multi-heat source meal congee unification pot.This pot with cooling and heating machine and apply the electromagnetic oven electric cooker that first scheme proposes, principle is basically identical, and this pot only do improvement locally, namely pushes down porose plate four pin that double-edged fine-toothed comb is connected; Two handles loaded onto by porose plate; Also propose multi-heat source meal congee pot, control the water level under double-edged fine-toothed comb with draining valve; When cooking, water is added in pot, water level is made to exceed double-edged fine-toothed comb 1 cm, water level need not reach the position of half pot, boil three minutes in boiling after, with the draining valve draining below double-edged fine-toothed comb, make water level on double-edged fine-toothed comb three centimetres, now should reduce firepower, the water of boiling can not be risen on double-edged fine-toothed comb, this steam cooking quality is best, should use the valve that displacement is large, the water of discharge can be used for cooking congee.

(21) the cold deuterium of sodium-tritium head-on collision fusion reactor and magnetic current power generation technique.This deuterium-tritium head-on collision nuclear fusion principle and first scheme completely the same, this heap sodium makes cooling agent, the normal pressing operation of nuclear fusion boiler, when arrival 880 DEG C, sodium produces saturated vapor, is risen to the steam generator of 5 meters high, hot water heating generating high pressure steam by drum.Sodium vapour is condensed into liquid, flows into water preheater by gravity, about the water preheat to 300 between pipe DEG C; Liquid sodium down flows to liquid sodium storage tank, then enters nuclear fusion boiler, and liquid sodium so circulates, without the Natural Circulation safety and reliability of sodium pump.Water enters high-pressure hydraulic pump by water tank and is forced into 320 atmospheric pressure, be sent to water preheater, the hot water of 300 DEG C enters woven hose, then boiler and steam generator is entered, the steam producing about 600 DEG C, 320 atmospheric pressure enters magnetohydrodynamic generator passage, meanwhile use centrifugal compressor air pressurized to 320 atmospheric pressure, power channel generating is entered together with steam, it is to reduce steam component that this compressed air adds power channel, make weary gas not produce drop in chimney stack emptying, reach the object of safety vent.Nuclear fusion boiler also fuses into lithium except liquid sodium, and under the neutron bombardment that nuclear fusion produces, lithium becomes tritium, and tritium enters steam generator with Sodium vapour, enters gas-liquid separator after sodium condensation, and tritium enters tritium basin.Deuterium-tritium accelerator makes deuterium-tritium obtain large kinetic energy, and under electromagnet attracts, armature rises, and blocks deuterium-tritium path, and the object that head-on collision reaches nuclear fusion occurs.The heat of nuclear fusion passes to the sodium in boiler, makes it the saturated vapor producing sodium.Workshop is constantly gone out workshop gas with air blast from high chimney emission.

(22) sodium cold nuclear energy magnetic fluid electrical rocket.The energy is provided with the cold slow neutron breeder reactor of sodium; Make working medium with air aloft, with high-pressure centrifugal compressor, air pressure is shortened into high pressure, suck large quantity of air with jet pump, after Sodium vapour heating, in the generating of magnetohydrodynamic generator passage, air produces high-speed motion under highfield and cryogenic magnetic field effect, and high speed jet thrust is very large.Magnetohydrodynamic generator passage and magnetic fluid accelerate road and all share identical electrodes, and share identical superconduction magnetic pole.Have three layers in the channel, top layer is power channel, and centre is rocket accelerated passage forward, and bottom is rocket accelerated passage backward.Forward jet and backward jet end have flap valve; When flap valve cuts out horizontal jet, open jet then aircraft vertical landing downwards.Water for space station makes working medium outside, is compressed into high pressure with high-pressure hydraulic pump, and its operation is identical with air working medium, namely realizes flying forward or flying backward, or VTOL.

(23) sodium cold nuclear energy electrical rocket sky and space plane.There is provided the energy with the cold slow neutron breeder reactor of sodium, provide power with superconducting magnet generator, aerial high-pressure centrifugal compressor shortens high pressure into air pressure; Outer space high-pressure hydraulic pump becomes high pressure hydraulic pressure; Working medium generates electricity at power channel; Working medium, under the effect of highfield and cryogenic magnetic field, produces accelerated motion, produces and sprays from spray groove at a high speed, form powerful thrust, and thrust ratio chemical propellant wants high.Aircraft realizes VTOL in any environment.