CN107221370A - Core gradient utilization system and method based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator - Google Patents
Core gradient utilization system and method based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN107221370A CN107221370A CN201710434137.1A CN201710434137A CN107221370A CN 107221370 A CN107221370 A CN 107221370A CN 201710434137 A CN201710434137 A CN 201710434137A CN 107221370 A CN107221370 A CN 107221370A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D7/00—Arrangements for direct production of electric energy from fusion or fission reactions
- G21D7/02—Arrangements for direct production of electric energy from fusion or fission reactions using magneto-hydrodynamic generators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/12—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being metallic, e.g. mercury
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D9/00—Arrangements to provide heat for purposes other than conversion into power, e.g. for heating buildings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
- H02K44/08—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
- H02K44/085—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators with conducting liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nuclear energy gradient utilization system and method based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator, belong to nuclear energy field of comprehensive utilization.The system is mainly made up of magnetic fluid pump, magnetohydrodynamic generator passage, blower fan, nuclear reactor thermal source, device for preparing hydrogen and associated heat exchanger.Liquid metal occurs part by the heating of nuclear reactor thermal source and vaporized, generation bubble volume expands against liquid metal and flows through power channel, cutting magnetic induction line produces induced electromotive force, afterwards condensed device condensation, and squeeze into liquid metal by magnetic fluid pump is completed to circulate by hot vaporizer；The electric energy of generation direct part or can be completely used for hydrogen manufacturing, and by related heat exchanger and flow setting, the hot water of generation can be used as domestic hot-water.Present system is simply compact, and cost is low, and stability is high, and there is provided a kind of advanced nuclear energy stepped utilization method that can be realized generating, hydrogen manufacturing simultaneously, heat.
Description
Technical field
Nuclear reactor heat resource power generation, hydrogen manufacturing are utilized the present invention relates to one kind, heated（Hot water）Combined cycle system and method,
More particularly to a kind of nuclear energy gradient utilization system and method based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator, it is comprehensive that it belongs to nuclear energy
Conjunction utilizes field.
Background technology
Conventional liquid metal MHD (Liquid Metal MagnetoHydroDynamics, abbreviation LMMHD) generates electricity
System contacts mixing with high temperature fluent metal using low boiling working fluid, and vaporization of being heated promotes the mode of liquid metal flows to enter hair
Electric channel generates electricity, and this hybrid mode will carry out two-phase point after power channel in fluid to liquid metal and low boiling working fluid
From reentering blender through respective loop again after separation and mixed, add the complexity of system.
Nuclear energy is a kind of energy of cleaning, flue dust, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide is neither produced using nuclear energy, and do not produce
Raw carbon dioxide.Exactly consider from digging up mine to producing fuel, be compared using the whole fuel chain of fuel, what nuclear energy was produced
Pernicious gas is also than fossil fuel much less.Nuclear power station need to only consume seldom nuclear fuel, it is possible to produce substantial amounts of electric energy, often
The cost of kilowatt hour electric energy is lower than thermal power station by more than 20%, and nuclear power station can greatly reduce the freight volume of fuel in addition.
Superhigh temperature reactor（Very High Temperature Reactor, abbreviation VHTR）Be with graphite make moderator,
Helium makees the reactor that cooling agent, uranium make nuclear fuel, compared with HTGR, and its core temperature is higher, helium outlet temperature
Up to 1000 DEG C, VHTR can be used for the production of Hydrogen Energy, or petrochemical industry or other industrial heatings.Due to some liquid metals
（Such as sodium, potassium）Boiling point only has 800 DEG C or so, and the outlet temperature of cooling agent helium is enough these metal evaporations, the gas of generation
State metal promotes liquid metal to be generated electricity into power channel, regard VHTR heat extraction as spontaneous evaporation liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generation
The thermal source of system is feasible in theory.In addition, helium is few to neutron-absorbing, moderation of neutrons is had little to no effect, also not
Can be by neutron activation, and helium is inert gas, will not undergo phase transition and introduce positive reactivity.
Water electrolysis hydrogen production is ripe hydrogen production process, and technique is simple, easy to operate, and hydrogen product purity is high, general reachable
99% -99.9%, and because its major impurity is water and oxygen, it is pollution-free.The cost major part of current electrolysis water hydrogen manufacturing is
The consumption of electric energy, electricity generation system liquid metal one direction cutting magnetic induction line of the present invention, the electric current sent does not need rectification, can be direct
For the power supply of water electrolysis hydrogen production, this largely reduces hydrogen manufacturing energy consumption.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of nuclear energy gradient utilization system and method based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator, should
Nuclear reactor thermal transition can be high-grade electric energy, Hydrogen Energy and heat energy by system.The system is used as nuclear reactor heat using helium
Source cooling agent, rejection temperature is up to 1000 DEG C, it is sufficient to vaporize some liquid metals, and helium is few to neutron-absorbing, centering
Sub- slowing down has little to no effect, and will not will not also be undergone phase transition in cyclic process by neutron activation and be introduced positive reactivity；This is
System produces bubble by the way of such a generation bubble of the heated vaporization of liquid metal itself instead of low boiling working fluid, promotes
Liquid metal flows generate electricity into power channel, and the system after improvement no longer needs to carry out two phase flow gas-liquid separation, whole system
System only has a loop, simplifies the complexity of system, eliminates the equipment such as blender, separator, and cost is low, more reliable, and
And because the doping without low boiling working fluid, the electrical conductivity of two-phase fluid will not be reduced substantially, generated output and efficiency are obtained
Ensure；The direct current that the system is produced can be directly used for the power supply of water electrolysis hydrogen production, it is to avoid by AC rectification into direct current
Energy loss, unnecessary electric energy may be incorporated into power network and makees household electricity, meet user power utilization demand；The nuclear energy that the system is used was both
Flue dust, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are not produced, and does not produce carbon dioxide, are a kind of energy of cleaning；In addition, passing through phase
The heat exchanger of pass and flow setting, the hot water of generation can be used as domestic hot-water, largely reduce domestic hot-water to the energy
Consumption.
The present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：A kind of nuclear energy cascade utilization based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator
System, it is characterised in that：By inert gas heat-carrying circulating-heating subsystem, spontaneous evaporation liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generation subsystem,
Water electrolysis hydrogen production subsystem and hot water subsystem composition；
The inert gas heat-carrying circulating-heating subsystem is by nuclear reactor thermal source, blower fan, liquid metal is by hot vaporizer and follows
Endless tube road is constituted, wherein the helium outlet and the connection of blower fan helium entrance of the nuclear reactor thermal source, the outlet of blower fan helium and liquid
The metal heated evaporator helium entrance connection of state, liquid metal is by the outlet of hot vaporizer helium and nuclear reactor thermal source helium entrance
Connection；
The spontaneous evaporation liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generation subsystem is by the liquid in above-mentioned inert gas heat-carrying circulating-heating subsystem
The metal heated evaporator of state, and magnetohydrodynamic generator passage, condenser, magnetic fluid pump and circulation line composition, wherein the liquid
Metal gas-liquid two-phase flow export and magnetohydrodynamic generator channel metal gas-liquid two-phase the inflow entrance connection of the metal heated evaporator of state, magnetic
Fluid power-generation channel metal gas-liquid two-phase flow export and the connection of condenser metal gas-liquid two-phase inflow entrance, condenser liquid metal go out
Mouth and the connection of magnetic fluid pump liquid state metal inlet, magnetic fluid pump liquid metal outlet and liquid metal are by hot vaporizer liquid metal
Entrance is connected；
The water electrolysis hydrogen production subsystem is led to by the magnetohydrodynamic generator in above-mentioned spontaneous evaporation liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generation subsystem
Road, and graphite rod, barrier film, copper rod, electrolytic cell composition；Electrolytic cell is divided into two parts by barrier film, and graphite rod and copper rod soak respectively
In the electrolyte for entering electrolytic cell both sides；The high side of wherein described magnetohydrodynamic generator channel potential and the connection of graphite rod wire, magnetic
The low side of fluid power-generation channel potential and the connection of copper rod wire；
The hot water subsystem is defeated by the condenser in above-mentioned spontaneous evaporation liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generation subsystem, and cooling water
Enter pipeline, hot water delivery pipe road composition, wherein the coolant intake pipe road and condenser inlet connection, condensator outlet and heat
Water delivery pipe road is connected.
The present invention is also adopted the following technical scheme that：A kind of nuclear energy step profit based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator
With the method for work of system, it comprises the following steps：
Step one：Helium absorbs the heat of nuclear reactor thermal source release, pressurizeed through blower fan as the cooling agent of nuclear reactor thermal source
Driving, by hot vaporizer, discharges heat in liquid metal is by hot vaporizer, makes liquid metal by hot vaporizer to liquid metal
The heat absorption of nuclear reactor thermal source is reentered after maintaining a certain high temperature, release heat；
Step 2：Liquid metal is when flowing through liquid metal by hot vaporizer, and endothermic temperature rise reaches after metal boiling point and occurred
Part is vaporized, and rapid spatial expansion promotes metal gas-liquid two-phase fluid to rapidly enter flowing in magnetohydrodynamic generator passage, passage
Liquid metal produces resistance under magnetic fields, Fluid pressure is declined along passage, and gas continues expansion under pressure drop, further
Liquid metal cutting magnetic induction line is promoted to generate electricity, metal biphase gas and liquid flow congeals into liquid gold into the cooled water cooling of condenser afterwards
Category, enters liquid metal by hot vaporizer heated vaporization again through the pressurization of magnetic fluid pump；
Step 3：When liquid metal flows through magnetohydrodynamic generator passage, electromotive force, electromotive force are produced in the both sides up and down of power channel
High side is connected with graphite rod wire, and the low side of potential is connected with copper rod wire, graphite rod and copper rod immerse respectively by every
In the electrolyte for the electrolytic cell both sides that film separates, graphite rod produces oxygen, and copper rod produces hydrogen；
Step 4：Cooling water enters condenser and temperature after high-temperature metal gas-liquid two-phase fluid heat exchange from coolant intake pipe road
Rise turns into hot water, through hot water delivery pipe road export there is provided cooling water can be running water, can conduct after heating-up temperature rise
Byproduct --- domestic hot-water.
The present invention has the advantages that：
（1）Liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic under bubble promotion flow of liquid metal flowing mode is produced based on the heated vaporization of liquid metal itself
Electricity generation system is not only simple in structure compact, and system cost is low, and stability is high, and promotes effect significantly, through numerical simulation calculation,
Liquid metal heat absorption vaporization promotes the speed of metal flow to lift effect up to more than 3 times, such as, when liquid sodium inlet velocity is
2.4m/s, temperature is 882 DEG C, flow through temperature be 1100 DEG C of liquid metal by hot vaporizer when, its muzzle velocity is up to 7.7m/
s；In addition two phase flow conductance will not excessively be reduced because of the doping of low boiling working fluid, and generated output and efficiency are protected
Card；
（2）The direct current that the electricity generation system is sent can be directly used as water electrolysis hydrogen production power supply, it is to avoid rectifying operation is to electric energy
Loss, utilization rate of electrical is higher；Unnecessary electric energy may be incorporated into power network and make household electricity, meet user power utilization demand；
（3）By related heat exchanger and flow setting, the hot water of generation can be used as domestic hot-water, largely reduce life
Consumption of the hot water living to the energy；
（4）System heat sources use nuclear reactor heat extraction, neither produce flue dust, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, and do not produce two
Carbonoxide, is a kind of energy of cleaning；
（5）System, as the cooling agent of nuclear reactor thermal source, not only can guarantee that system has higher rejection temperature using helium, and
And helium is few to neutron-absorbing, moderation of neutrons is had little to no effect, also will not be by neutron activation, helium is indifferent gas in addition
Body, will not undergo phase transition and introduce positive reactivity；
（6）Nuclear energy is converted into high-grade electric energy by the present invention, and hot water necessary to green energy resource Hydrogen Energy and daily life is realized
Compact conformation, good economy performance, generating-hydrogen manufacturing-heat production joint energy resource system technology path of working stability, are conducive to the height of the energy
Effect is utilized, cascade utilization.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the nuclear energy gradient utilization system of the invention based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator
Figure.
Wherein：1- nuclear reactor thermals source；2- graphite rods；3- barrier films；4- copper rods；5- electrolytic cells；6- magnetohydrodynamic generator passages；
7- hot water delivery pipes road；8- coolant intake pipes road；9- condensers；10- magnetic fluid pumps；11- liquid metals are by hot vaporizer；
12- blower fans；A- liquid metals are by hot vaporizer helium entrance；B- liquid metals are exported by hot vaporizer helium；C- liquid metals
By hot vaporizer liquid metal entrance；D- liquid metals are heated evaporator metal gas-liquid two-phase flow export；E- condenser metal gas
Liquid two-phase entrance；F- condenser liquid metal outlets；G- condenser cooling water input channel entrances；H- condensers hot water is exported
Pipe outlet；The high side of i- magnetohydrodynamic generator channel potentials；The low side of j- magnetohydrodynamic generator channel potentials.
Embodiment
Refer to shown in Fig. 1, the nuclear energy gradient utilization system based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator of the invention by
Inert gas heat-carrying circulating-heating subsystem, spontaneous evaporation liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generation subsystem, water electrolysis hydrogen production subsystem and
Hot water subsystem is constituted.Above-mentioned inert gas heat-carrying circulating-heating subsystem is by nuclear reactor thermal source 1, blower fan 12, liquid metal
Constituted by hot vaporizer 11 and circulation line, wherein the helium outlet of the nuclear reactor thermal source 1 and the helium entrance of blower fan 12 connect
Connect, the outlet of the helium of blower fan 12 and liquid metal are by the helium entrance a connections of hot vaporizer 11, and liquid metal is by the helium of hot vaporizer 11
Export b and the connection of the helium entrance of nuclear reactor thermal source 1；
Above-mentioned spontaneous evaporation liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generation subsystem is by the liquid in above-mentioned inert gas heat-carrying circulating-heating subsystem
The metal heated evaporator 11 of state, and magnetohydrodynamic generator passage 6, condenser 9, magnetic fluid pump 10 and circulation line composition, wherein
Metal gas-liquid two-phase flow export d and magnetohydrodynamic generator passage 6 metal biphase gas and liquid flow of the liquid metal by hot vaporizer 11
Entrance is connected, the metal gas-liquid two-phase flow export of magnetohydrodynamic generator passage 6 and the metal gas-liquid two-phase inflow entrance e connections of condenser 9, cold
The liquid metal outlet f of condenser 9 and the connection of the liquid metal entrance of magnetic fluid pump 10, the liquid metal outlet of magnetic fluid pump 10 and liquid gold
Category is by the liquid metal entrance c connections of hot vaporizer 11；
Above-mentioned water electrolysis hydrogen production subsystem is led to by the magnetohydrodynamic generator in above-mentioned spontaneous evaporation liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generation subsystem
Road 6, and graphite rod 2, barrier film 3, copper rod 4, electrolytic cell 5 are constituted；Electrolytic cell 5 is divided into two parts, graphite rod 2 and copper by barrier film 3
Rod 4 is immersed in the electrolyte of the both sides of electrolytic cell 5 respectively；The wherein described potential of magnetohydrodynamic generator passage 6 high side i and graphite rod
2 wires are connected, the low side j of the potential of magnetohydrodynamic generator passage 6 and the connection of the wire of copper rod 4；
Above-mentioned hot water subsystem is by the condenser 9 in above-mentioned spontaneous evaporation liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generation subsystem, and cooling water
Input channel 8, hot water delivery pipe road 7 are constituted, wherein the coolant intake pipe road 8 and the entrance g connections of condenser 9, condenser 9
Outlet h is connected with hot water delivery pipe road 7.
It refer to shown in Fig. 1, the nuclear energy gradient utilization system of the invention based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator
Method of work includes following process：
Step one：Helium absorbs the heat of the release of nuclear reactor thermal source 1, through blower fan 12 as the cooling agent of nuclear reactor thermal source 1
Pressurised driving, by hot vaporizer 11, heat is discharged in liquid metal is by hot vaporizer 11 to liquid metal, make liquid metal by
Hot vaporizer 11 maintains a certain high temperature, and reentering nuclear reactor thermal source 1 after release heat absorbs heat；
Step 2：Liquid metal is when flowing through liquid metal by hot vaporizer 11, and endothermic temperature rise reaches and sent out after metal boiling point
First portion is vaporized, and rapid spatial expansion promotes metal gas-liquid two-phase fluid to rapidly enter flowing in magnetohydrodynamic generator passage 6, passage
Liquid metal produce resistance under magnetic fields, Fluid pressure is declined along passage, gas continue under pressure drop expansion, enter one
Step promotes liquid metal cutting magnetic induction line to generate electricity, and metal biphase gas and liquid flow congeals into liquid into the water cooling that is cooled of condenser 9 afterwards
Metal, enters liquid metal by the heated vaporization again of hot vaporizer 11 through the pressurization of magnetic fluid pump 10；
Step 3：When liquid metal flows through magnetohydrodynamic generator passage 6, electromotive force is produced in the both sides up and down of power channel 6, it is electronic
The high side i of gesture is connected with the wire of graphite rod 2, and the low side j of potential is connected with the wire of copper rod 4, and graphite rod 2 and copper rod 4 are distinguished
In the electrolyte for immersing the both sides of electrolytic cell 5 separated by barrier film 3, graphite rod 2 produces oxygen, and copper rod 4 produces hydrogen；
Step 4：Cooling water enters condenser 9 and temperature after high-temperature metal gas-liquid two-phase fluid heat exchange from coolant intake pipe road 8
Degree rise turns into hot water, through hot water delivery pipe road 7 export there is provided cooling water can be running water, can after heating-up temperature rise
It is used as byproduct --- domestic hot-water.
Helium is used as very high temperature gas cooled reactor --- the cooling agent of nuclear reactor thermal source 1, rejection temperature up to more than 1000 DEG C,
High temperature helium discharges heat in liquid metal is by hot vaporizer 11, liquid metal is maintained a certain height by hot vaporizer 11
Temperature, to reduce thermal loss, liquid metal is scattered and disappeared by the external application heat-insulation layer of hot vaporizer 11 with reducing heat, and liquid metal is being flowed through
When liquid metal is by hot vaporizer 11, endothermic temperature rise reaches after metal boiling point that occurring part vaporizes, volumetric expansion promotes gold
Belong to gas-liquid two-phase fluid and enter magnetohydrodynamic generator passage 6, the liquid metal of the interior flowing of passage produces resistance under magnetic fields, made
Fluid pressure declines along passage, and gas continues expansion under pressure drop, further promotes liquid metal flows cutting magnetic induction line to generate electricity.
The high side i of the potential of magnetohydrodynamic generator passage 6 and the connection of the wire of graphite rod 2, magnetic current in water electrolysis hydrogen production subsystem
Electrolytic cell 5 is divided into two parts, graphite rod 2 and copper by the low side j of the potential of body power channel 6 and the connection of the wire of copper rod 4, barrier film 3
Rod 4 is immersed in the electrolyte of the both sides of electrolytic cell 5 respectively, and the surrounding of graphite rod 2 will produce oxygen, and the surrounding of copper rod 4 will produce hydrogen.
Cooling water enters condenser 9 and temperature after high-temperature metal gas-liquid two-phase fluid heat exchange from coolant intake pipe road 8
Rise turns into hot water, through hot water delivery pipe road 7 export there is provided cooling water can be running water, can make after heating-up temperature rise
For byproduct --- domestic hot-water.
The principle of nuclear energy gradient utilization system of the invention based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator：Current forth generation
The very high temperature gas cooled reactor of one of nuclear reactor uses graphite, helium gas cooling, the one-pass endless form of uranium fuel, helium
Coolant outlet temperature is up to more than 1000 DEG C, some liquid metals（Such as sodium, potassium）Boiling point only has 800 DEG C or so, cooling agent
Outlet temperature is enough these metal evaporations, and the heated evaporator temperature of liquid metal is maintained 1000 DEG C or so by high temperature helium,
Liquid metal is when flowing through liquid metal by hot vaporizer, endothermic temperature rise, reaches after metal boiling point that occurring part vaporizes, body
Product expands against metal gas-liquid two-phase fluid into magnetohydrodynamic generator passage, and the liquid metal of the interior flowing of passage is under magnetic fields
Resistance is produced, Fluid pressure is declined along passage, gas continues expansion under pressure drop, liquid metal flows cutting is further promoted
Magnetic induction line generates electricity.Due to liquid metal one direction cutting magnetic induction line, the electric current sent does not need rectification, can be directly used for electrolysis water
The power supply of hydrogen manufacturing, this reduces hydrogen manufacturing energy consumption to a certain extent, and unnecessary electric energy may be incorporated into power network and make household electricity, meets and use
Family need for electricity；In addition, the running water for flowing through condenser can be as domestic hot-water after being heated, it is possible to decrease domestic hot-water is to the energy
Consumption.
Nuclear energy gradient utilization system of the invention based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator is carried to nuclear energy comprehensive utilization
Go out a kind of new feasibility thinking, the mechanical part that the electricity generation system is not moved, on this basis to promoting liquid metal
The type of flow has made improvement, design can be made simpler compact, system cost is low, and stability is high；In addition, the electricity generation system
The direct current sent can be directly used as water electrolysis hydrogen production power supply, it is to avoid loss of the rectifying operation to electric energy, and utilization rate of electrical is more
It is high；Nuclear energy is converted into high-grade electric energy by the present invention, and hot water necessary to green energy resource Hydrogen Energy and daily life realizes structure
Generating-hydrogen manufacturing-heat production joint energy resource system technology path of compact, good economy performance, working stability, is conducive to the efficient profit of the energy
With cascade utilization.
It is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention that the above, which is told, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, some improvement can also be made under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, and these improvement also should be regarded as the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of nuclear energy gradient utilization system based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator, it is characterised in that：By indifferent gas
Body heat-carrying circulating-heating subsystem, spontaneous evaporation liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generation subsystem, water electrolysis hydrogen production subsystem and hot water
System is constituted；
The inert gas heat-carrying circulating-heating subsystem is by nuclear reactor thermal source（1）, blower fan（12）, liquid metal is by thermal evaporation
Device（11）And circulation line composition, wherein the nuclear reactor thermal source（1）Helium outlet and blower fan（12）Helium entrance is connected,
Blower fan（12）Helium is exported and liquid metal is by hot vaporizer（11）Helium entrance（a）Connection, liquid metal is by hot vaporizer
（11）Helium is exported（b）With nuclear reactor thermal source（1）Helium entrance is connected；
The spontaneous evaporation liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generation subsystem is by the liquid in above-mentioned inert gas heat-carrying circulating-heating subsystem
The metal heated evaporator of state（11）, and magnetohydrodynamic generator passage（6）, condenser（9）, magnetic fluid pump（10）And circulation line group
Into wherein the liquid metal is by hot vaporizer（11）Metal gas-liquid two-phase flow export（d）With magnetohydrodynamic generator passage（6）Gold
Belong to the connection of gas-liquid two-phase inflow entrance, magnetohydrodynamic generator passage（6）Metal gas-liquid two-phase flow export and condenser（9）Metal gas-liquid two
Phase inflow entrance（e）Connection, condenser（9）Liquid metal outlet（f）With magnetic fluid pump（10）Liquid metal entrance is connected, magnetic fluid
Pump（10）Liquid metal outlet and liquid metal are by hot vaporizer（11）Liquid metal entrance（c）Connection；
The water electrolysis hydrogen production subsystem is led to by the magnetohydrodynamic generator in above-mentioned spontaneous evaporation liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generation subsystem
Road（6）, and graphite rod（2）, barrier film（3）, copper rod（4）, electrolytic cell（5）Composition；Barrier film（3）By electrolytic cell（5）It is divided into two
Point, graphite rod（2）And copper rod（4）Electrolytic cell is immersed respectively（5）In the electrolyte of both sides；Wherein described magnetohydrodynamic generator passage
（6）The high side of potential（i）And graphite rod（2）Wire is connected, magnetohydrodynamic generator passage（6）The low side of potential（j）And copper rod
（4）Wire is connected；
The hot water subsystem is by the condenser in above-mentioned spontaneous evaporation liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generation subsystem（9）, and cooling
Water inlet pipe road（8）, hot water delivery pipe road（7）Composition, wherein the coolant intake pipe road（8）And condenser（9）Entrance（g）
Connection, condenser（9）Outlet（h）With hot water delivery pipe road（7）Connection.
2. the work of the nuclear energy gradient utilization system as claimed in claim 1 based on liquid metal spontaneous evaporation magnetohydrodynamic generator
Method, it comprises the following steps：
Step one：Helium is used as nuclear reactor thermal source（1）Cooling agent, absorb nuclear reactor thermal source（1）The heat of release, through wind
Machine（12）Pressurised driving is to liquid metal by hot vaporizer（11）, in liquid metal by hot vaporizer（11）Middle release heat, makes
Liquid metal is by hot vaporizer（11）Nuclear reactor thermal source is reentered after maintaining a certain high temperature, release heat（1）Heat absorption；
Step 2：Liquid metal is flowing through liquid metal by hot vaporizer（11）When, endothermic temperature rise is reached after metal boiling point
Generation part is vaporized, and rapid spatial expansion promotes metal gas-liquid two-phase fluid to rapidly enter magnetohydrodynamic generator passage（6）, in passage
The liquid metal of flowing produces resistance under magnetic fields, Fluid pressure is declined along passage, and gas continues expansion under pressure drop,
Further liquid metal cutting magnetic induction line is promoted to generate electricity, metal biphase gas and liquid flow enters condenser afterwards（9）Cooled water condensation
Into liquid metal, through magnetic fluid pump（10）Pressurization enters liquid metal by hot vaporizer（11）Vaporization is heated again；
Step 3：Liquid metal flows through magnetohydrodynamic generator passage（6）When, in power channel（6）Both sides up and down produce electromotive force,
The high side of electromotive force（i）And graphite rod（2）Wire is connected, the low side of potential（j）And copper rod（4）Wire is connected, graphite rod
（2）And copper rod（4）Immerse respectively by barrier film（3）The electrolytic cell of separation（5）In the electrolyte of both sides, graphite rod（2）Produce oxygen,
Copper rod（4）Produce hydrogen；
Step 4：Cooling water is from coolant intake pipe road（8）Into condenser（9）With high-temperature metal gas-liquid two-phase fluid heat exchange
Temperature rise afterwards turns into hot water, through hot water delivery pipe road（7）Export there is provided cooling water can be running water, heating-up temperature liter
Gao Houke is used as byproduct --- domestic hot-water.
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