CN105255499A - Saline-alkali soil improver and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil improver and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105255499A CN105255499A CN201510780818.4A CN201510780818A CN105255499A CN 105255499 A CN105255499 A CN 105255499A CN 201510780818 A CN201510780818 A CN 201510780818A CN 105255499 A CN105255499 A CN 105255499A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil improver and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of preparation of saline-alkali soil improvers. The saline-alkali soil improver is prepared from organic residual soil and park waste, wherein the organic residual soil is prepared from the steps of stripping and mining of aged household garbage, water controlling, screening and classification. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improver. The preparation method comprises the following steps that the organic residual soil and the park waste are pyrolyzed, pyrolyzed liquid is collected and purified to obtain composite organic acid, and therefore the saline-alkali soil improver is obtained. The saline-alkali soil improver can significantly lower the pH of the saline-alkali soil, and is significant in improvement effect. By means of the method, resource utilization of the aged garbage and the park waste is achieved, and the prepared saline-alkali soil improver can significantly lower the pH of the saline-alkali soil and can be applied to saline-alkali soil improvement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alkaline land modifying agent, also relate to method and the application of described alkaline land modifying agent in alkaline land improving that alkaline land modifying agent prepared by a kind of ageing rubbish, belong to the preparation field of alkaline land modifying agent.
Background technology
Domestic refuse refers in daily life or is daily life provides the solid waste that produces in the activity of service and law, Administrative Regulations specifies to be considered as domestic refuse solid waste.In global range, the processing mode of rubbish mainly contains landfill, compost and burns three kinds for the treatment of processs.
Landfill method refers to and utilizes natural feature or manual construction, forms certain space, rubbish filling, compacting, covering is reached the object of storage.The ratio of current global garbage loading embeading process is more than 85%.Due to current domestic refuse still unexecuted classification sorting, the object of landfill disposal mostly is composting, therefore there is following problem in landfill method: the most of Recyclable in composting, can incinerated matter or compost thing etc. by landfill in the lump, can not regeneration, resource utilization is low; Composting transudate meeting polluted underground water and soil, processing cost is high; The foul smell that dumping produces has a strong impact on the Air quality of surrounding enviroment, the landfill gas that most of refuse landfill produces directly enters air, not only contaminate environment, waste resource but also cause potential safety hazard, can carry out the landfill yard of recycling less than 3% to landfill gas at present; Composting takies the space resources of landfill yard in a large number, causes landfill yard floor space large, consumes a large amount of land resources; Landfill yard processing power is limited, still needs the landfill yard that investment construction is new after taking up one's indentures.
Saltings is a kind of salt aggregation, refers to that salinity contained inside soil has influence on the normal growth of crop.Generally there are low temperature, soil is thin, structure is poor feature in saltings.Applying organic manure material is improvement saltings, the important measures of increasing soil fertility.Organic fertilizer forms soil ulmin through microbial decomposition, conversion, can improve the surge capability of soil, and can form sodium humate with sodium carbonate effect, reduces surface soil alkalinity.Soil ulmin can promote that crumb structure is formed, thus cell size is increased, and water-permeable strengthens, and is conducive to salt leaching, suppresses the accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Organic in decomposition course, produce a large amount of organic acid, on the one hand can sweetening of the soil alkalescence, can accelerate decompose of nutrient on the other hand, promote to imitate Nutrient Transformation late, improve P availability, organic acid is the important substance of administering saltings.
The organic resource of flood tide is stored in city refuse landfill, how organic acid substance is wherein extracted, be processed into alkaline land modifying agent, being the key link realizing city refuse landfill large-scale development and saltings administering on a large scale, is also the breach of Urban-rural Coordinated Development.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of alkaline land modifying agent, this alkaline land modifying agent ageing rubbish and garden waste are that raw material is prepared from, not only make ageing rubbish and garden waste get utilization, and prepared alkaline land modifying agent can significantly reduce alkaline land soil pH.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
First the present invention discloses a kind of alkaline land modifying agent, is prepared from by organic surflaes and garden waste.
The preparation of organic surflaes of the present invention comprises: (1) peels off exploitation ageing rubbish; (2) by ageing rubbish control water, sifting sort, obtains rubbish from cooking, pericarp, tea leaf residual, dish leaf, melon-seed hull or stub; (3) by any one in described rubbish from cooking, pericarp, tea leaf residual, dish leaf, melon-seed hull or stub or multiplely form organic vegetable mould according to arbitrary proportion, to obtain final product.
Wherein, the described ageing rubbish of step (1) refers to the landfill domestic refuse of more than 10 years.Described domestic refuse refers in daily life or is daily life provides the solid waste that produces in the activity of service and law, Administrative Regulations specifies to be considered as domestic refuse solid waste.
The stripping exploitation of ageing rubbish will from top to bottom, successively be peeled off; Ageing rubbish is divided into five classes through screening, comprising: silicates: the silicates materials such as pottery, glass cullet, and this kind of physical property is stablized, and can arrive permanent landfill yard landfill; Plastics: the waste plastic products such as plastics bag, Plastic Bottle, woven bag, waste rubber product, can classify again and deliver to relevant departments and be processed into waste plastic particles raw material, also can refine into gasoline; Scrap metal class: the scrap metal such as scrap iron, aluminium scrap, copper scrap, can reclaim; Biomass class: the biomass such as waste paper, waste wood, fabric, can deliver to garbage burning factory and burn; Organic surflaes is quantity the best part in ageing rubbish.
Garden waste of the present invention comprises: tree limb, dried leaf and hay.Wherein, tree limb is 70-80:20-30 with the mass ratio of the mixture be made up of dried leaf and hay; Preferably, tree limb is 75:25 with the mass ratio of the mixture be made up of dried leaf and hay; Described dried leaf and hay mix according to arbitrary proportion.
Wherein, described tree limb is the limb of any one or multiple trees, forms primarily of xylogen; Be preferably plant naturally wither and fall or manually prune the tree limb obtained; Further preferred, described tree limb is made long or wide 3-8 centimetre, the wood chip of thickness 1-2 centimetre.
The present invention is not particularly limited for the kind of trees and the floristics in described dried leaf and hay source, beautify in urban afforestation foster with suburb forestry, the limb of any trees of producing in the operation process such as pruning fruit tree, shrub beta pruning or leaf, and the grass bits produced in turf-mown process are all applicable to the present invention.
According to volume basis, the ratio of described organic surflaes and garden waste is 1-5:1-3; Preferably, the ratio of described organic surflaes and garden waste is 2:1.
The present invention further discloses a kind of preparation method of described alkaline land modifying agent, comprise the following steps: organic surflaes and garden waste are carried out pyrolysis, collect pyrolysis liquids, purify, obtain compound organic acid, to obtain final product.
Described pyrolysis is named destructive distillation again, refers to and utilizes heat energy under anaerobic to the thermochemical process that organism decomposes.Wherein, the temperature of described pyrolysis controls at 390-420 DEG C; The method of described purification comprises the precipitator method or distillation method.The described precipitator method are left standstill by pyrolysis liquids, layering, the compound organic acid in the middle of extracting; Be specially, the tar in pyrolysis liquids, compound organic acid can produce layering because of the difference of proportion, and heavy wood tar oil can be deposited in the bottom of container; Described distillation method is imported in distiller by pyrolysis liquids to distill, the weak yellow liquid of condensation i.e. refining compound organic acid in still-process.
The present invention is preferably, and organic surflaes and garden waste layering are carried out pyrolysis; Wherein, described in be layered as organic surflaes be placed in above garden waste, and keep space with garden waste.Preferred, the tree limb in garden waste is placed in above the mixture be made up of dried leaf and hay.
The equipment that pyrolysis of the present invention uses is drawer type charring kiln (utility model patent, Authorization Notice No.: CN2451590Y).Concrete layering loading furnace process is: the dried leaf in garden waste, hay are loaded in the kiln car of kiln, and be laid in bottom, then tree limb is chipped be placed in above dried leaf, hay.Organic surflaes is contained in a food steamer and describes that, in device, container bottom has breather hole; Food steamer is described that kiln car put into by device, is suspended on the end 1/3rd place in kiln car, and keeps certain space above chipping with garden waste.Together with food steamer above, kiln car is described that device pushes in drawer type charring kiln, close carbonization furnace door.When smoke outlet is almost smokeless time, close induced draft fan, close smoke outlet, wait for pyrolysis oven Temperature fall.
In the present invention, the product of organic surflaes and garden waste pyrolysis mainly contains solid, liquid, gas three class.Solid product is black charcoal, organic black wood charcoal soil, is approximately about 35% of raw material gross weight; Product liquid is the material that condensation is got off from pyrolysis smoke, accounts for about 10% of raw material gross weight; All the other products accounting for raw material gross weight 55% are wood gass, wherein containing H
2, CO, CH
4etc. gaseous constituent, consumed by pyrolytic process.
The present invention collects the liquid that pyrolysis smoke is condensed by condensation, purifies, obtains refining compound organic acid, i.e. alkaline land modifying agent of the present invention.Refining compound organic acid mainly comprises the functional components such as wood vinegar, humic acid, fulvic acid, propionic acid, humin, be a kind of excellent alkaline land modifying agent, will defending and controlling sand, improve performance unique effect in soil, municipal sewage treatment, ecological agriculture construction etc.
Wood vinegar sprays the physiologically active that can strengthen farm crop at plant leaf surface, improve the output of farm crop, improve the quality of farm crop; In crop root part pouring, can edatope be improved, promote crop root of hair; Used in combination with acid agrichemical, can drug effect be improved, reduce the usage quantity of agricultural chemicals, reduce pesticide residue, promote the security level of agricultural-food.The remains of humic acids mainly plant, through decomposition and the conversion of microorganism, and the type organic matter that geochemical a series of process causes and accumulates.Humic acid fertilizers have improvement soil, improve soil to the holding capabilities of nutrient ion, improve soil buffer performance, containing various nutrient elements, stimulating plant growth, promote respiration, improve the activity of enzyme, the effect such as promote soil beneficial microorganism movable.Fulvic acid is an extremely complicated yellow organic substance, has biological activity speciality, is the ultimate aerobic breakdown thing of institute's living substance, can changes and transform molecular combinations, comprise nearly all organic and inorganic substance.Fulvic acid is lower molecular weight and high biological activity material, and can well paste and merge in mineral substance and element to its molecular structure, having good solvability and mobility, be therefore desirable natural nutriment, is the necessary material of plant health growth.
Alkaline land modifying agent of the present invention can be applied to alkaline land improving.Be applied to by alkaline land modifying agent of the present invention heavy salinizedly, result shows that alkaline land modifying agent of the present invention is remarkable to the improved effect in saltings, and soil pH is reduced to 8.03 by 9.70, significant difference (p≤0.05).
The invention also discloses a kind of method of comprehensive utilization of ageing rubbish, comprise the following steps: (1) peels off exploitation ageing rubbish, and control water, obtains percolate; (2) percolate is left standstill, be precipitated diafiltration mud and sewage; (3) by sewage charcoal absorption, then through RO membrane filtration, middle water and diafiltration mud is obtained.Wherein, the described ageing rubbish of step (1) refers to the landfill domestic refuse of more than 10 years.
The invention also discloses a kind of method of comprehensive utilization of garden waste, comprise the following steps: (1), by garden waste pyrolysis, obtains black charcoal, pyrolysis liquids, pyrolysis gas; (2) by pyrolysis gas purifying, wood gas is obtained; (3) by pyrolysis liquids precipitated and separated, wood tar oil is obtained.
Wherein, described garden waste comprises: tree limb, dried leaf and hay; Described tree limb is that plant naturally withers and falls or manually prunes the tree limb obtained; Preferably, described tree limb is made long or wide 3-8 centimetre, the wood chip of thickness 1-2 centimetre; The temperature of described pyrolysis controls at 390-420 DEG C; Preferred, tree limb is 75:25 with the mass ratio of the mixture be made up of dried leaf and hay; Described dried leaf and hay mix according to arbitrary proportion.
Technical solution of the present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
Ageing domestic refuse in the present invention's city refuse landfill and afforestation waste are that alkaline land modifying agent prepared by raw material; not only achieve the recycling of refuse; protecting ecology; and prepared alkaline land modifying agent is remarkable to the improved effect in saltings, has important using value.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, advantage and disadvantage of the present invention will be more clear along with description.It should be understood that described embodiment is only exemplary, any restriction is not formed to scope of the present invention.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and can modify to the details of technical solution of the present invention and form or replace down without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these amendments or replacement all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 ageing rubbish and afforestation waste prepare alkaline land modifying agent
1, exploitation peeled off by ageing rubbish
Ageing refuse tip refers to the landfill refuse tip of more than 10 years, owing to experienced by more than 10 years bank up, rot, ageing, the organic components in rubbish is under anaerobic decomposed, and moisture reduces, and the content of inorganics rises relatively, has possessed the condition of exploitation.The present invention exploits the ageing domestic refuse of landfill more than 10 years.Peel off the primary work that exploitation is ageing refuse tip, with dozer or excavator, the table soil of refuse landfill is peeled off, be stacked in corresponding position.To be separated with ageing rubbish below during topsoil stripping as far as possible, make table soil clean, be beneficial to later use.Peel off exploitation will from top to bottom, successively peel off, the dehydrating amount of processing treatment process can be reduced like this.
2, control water is left standstill
Peel away the next ageing rubbish of extraction will be placed on the place of hardened ground and control aquaporin, the control aquaporin of the sewage utilizing action of gravity to make to contain in rubbish in bottom flows out.The water ratio on ageing scrap heap top layer is lower, and the water ratio of bottom is very high.The ageing rubbish of bottom must control water, can reduce the energy consumption for the treatment of processes like this.Domestic waste is in landfill process, through overcompaction, anaerobically fermenting, organic substance decomposing, rainwater shower, and after the physics chemical action of the series of complex such as surface water and groundwater immersion, can ooze out a certain amount of high concentrated organic wastewater bottom scrap heap, this organic waste water is exactly percolate.If landfill leachate treatment is improper will cause secondary pollution to environment, not only can contaminated soil and earth surface water source, even can polluted underground water, significant damage is brought to ecotope and HUMAN HEALTH, causes the sanitary landfill of rubbish to lose due value and significance.
2.1 percolates staticly settle
The percolate collected by standing Precipitation Process imports treating pond and precipitates, through leaving standstill after a while, the heavy materials such as the heavy metal contained in percolate, sandy soil can be deposited in the bottom for the treatment of pond, become precipitation diafiltration mud, sewage relatively limpid above can adopt activated carbon filtration art breading.
2.2 active black wood charcoal absorption
Charcoal absorption is a kind of effective means of sewage disposal.The gac adopted in the present invention is produced by garden waste pyrolysis, activation, advantage of lower cost, and output is comparatively large, can meet the needs of extensive process percolate.The active black wood charcoal obtained after gac derives from (5. refuse pyrolysis carbonizes the black charcoal obtained) crushing and screening.Water more limpid above treating pond is imported filtering basin, by charcoal absorption, significantly can reduce the suspended substance in sewage, effluent characteristics is improved further, enter RO membrane process and continue purification.
2.3RO membrane filtration
RO membrane filtration is a kind of mode of disposing of sewage by principle of reverse osmosis, aperture due to RO film is 5/1000000ths (0.0001 microns) of hairline, bacterium, virus are its 5000 times, under pressure, water molecules can pass through RO film, and the impurity such as inorganic salt, heavy metal ion, organism, colloid, bacterium, virus in the water of source cannot pass through RO film, thus make can through pure water and cannot through condensed water strictly make a distinction.So just only have the mineral ion of water molecules and the useful human body of part to pass through, other impurity and heavy metal mixing sludge are discharged by waste pipe.The product of this operation has 2 classes: middle water and diafiltration mud.The water coolant of operation that middle water can be used in the present invention (6. condensation precipitation), and carwash, greening, depositing dust purposes.
2.4 are combined with rubbish charcoal
Staticly settle, diafiltration mud that charcoal absorption, RO membrane filtration are separated poisons the strongest material in whole ageing refuse landfill.Wherein containing a large amount of harmful poisonous compositions such as organism, ammonia nitrogen, virus, bacterium, parasite, heavy metal, must strict process.These diafiltration mud can mix with rubbish charcoal (5. refuse pyrolysis carbonizes the organic black wood charcoal soil obtained), through evaporation of ventilating, concentrated mummification, are pressed into mud granule, are sent to the fuel that garbage burning factory is used as waste incineration.
3, ageing sieving garbage
The main process of screening is as follows: install in feed bin by ageing rubbish forklift, ageing rubbish is fallen plate chain type apron quantitive conveyor from feed opening; Being transported on the front hand-sorting transfer roller of sieve, here with manually being ticked by large plastics bag, ageing rubbish being scattered; The ageing rubbish be scattered enters drum-type separating screen, and the oversize material on sieve is transported to deironing sortation conveyor, selects the ferrous material such as battery, ironware; Through further sorting, the inorganic refuse such as glass, pottery is picked out, transport special landfill yard landfill to; The organic waste of bulk is transported to garbage burning factory to burn.The materials such as select plastics, rubber are sent to department of recovery and utilize.Small-particle organic waste under sieve is formed by organism putrid fermentations such as dish leaf, leftovers, tealeaf residues, and nutritive value is not high, but its heavy metal content is higher, and organic chemicals comparision contents is high.These organic solid rubbishs can not be directly used in farmland, enter food chain, otherwise can cause large-area environmental pollution.
The ageing rubbish filtered out is divided into five classes:
1. silicates: the silicates material such as pottery, glass cullet, broken ceramic tile, tea glass, glass cylinder, vial, this kind of physical property is stablized, and does not have pollution problem, can move permanent landfill yard landfill to.
2. plastics: the waste plastic product such as woven bag, packaging weighting material of plastics bag, Plastic Bottle, plastic shoes, plastics fly swatter, beverage bottle, edible oil packaging barrel, grain packaging, also has waste rubber product, these refuses can be classified again and be delivered to relevant departments and enterprise, be processed into waste plastic particles raw material, also can refine into gasoline.
3. scrap metal class: the scrap metal such as scrap iron, aluminium scrap, copper scrap, can be sold to department of recovery.
4. biomass class: the biomass such as waste paper, sanitary towel, toilet paper, waste wood, cotton, fabric, wood chip, waste wood, can deliver to garbage burning factory and burn.
5. organic surflaes: these organic surflaes are the organic vegetable mould be made up of rubbish from cooking, pericarp, tea leaf residual, dish leaf, melon-seed hull, stub.These vegetable mould due to the anaerobically fermenting of more than 10 year through underground, few of can the biochemical composition utilized, refuse battery rots, dissolve the heavy metal ion, the salt be in rubbish that cause, and other organic chemicalss have been dissolved in wherein.If not treated, these heavy metals, toxic substance, harmful microorganism can spread in other soil, cause secondary pollution.Organic surflaes is quantity the best part in ageing rubbish, is also the most critical issue that the present invention will solve.
4. layering shove charge
Pyrolysis is the technical process of necessity of the present invention, and the equipment that Raw pyrolysis of the present invention uses is drawer type charring kiln (utility model patent, Authorization Notice No.: CN2451590Y).Drawer type charring kiln is made up of major partss such as kiln body, pyrolysis stove and accessory, run-in index wicket, exhaust gases passes, condensers, can the biomass such as effectively pyrolysis garden waste, agricultural wastes, organic domestic waste, and the organic synthesis combustion gas of biological black wood charcoal, acid phlegma, incoagulability is collected, be used.
Garden waste mainly refers to that ornamental plant naturally withers and falls or manually prunes the plant residue that produces, mainly comprise urban afforestation beautify foster with suburb forestry, the tree limb that produces in pruning fruit tree operation process, fallen leaves, grass bits, flower lose, shrub beta pruning and other lops.The present invention mainly uses tree limb, and tree limb is 75:25 with the mass ratio of the mixture be made up of dried leaf and hay; Dried leaf and hay mix according to arbitrary proportion.Thick limb is the side shoot of trees, the main limb of shrub, and this class waste is formed primarily of xylogen.Xylogen is the macromole form that growing process is formed, hard solid, and general microorganism is difficult to decompose, even if under reasonable environment, the resolving time of microorganism also needs more than 3 years, and carbonization mode therefore can only be adopted to be used.Thick limb in garden waste must carry out severing, process of chipping.Thick limb is sent in special wood chipper, is processed into the even wood chip of length and width 3 ~ 8 cm, thickness 1 ~ 2 centimetre.Shrub branch is cut into 5 cm long, the segment that diameter is 2 ~ 3 centimetres.
Organic surflaes, garden waste shove charge will follow following process:
1. the dried leaf in garden waste, hay are loaded in the kiln car of kiln, and be laid in bottom, have tapered heating mantles bottom kiln car, above heating mantles, be covered with fire hole.
2. thicker limb chipping is placed in above dried leaf, hay.
3. organic surflaes is contained in a food steamer and describes that, in device, container bottom has breather hole.
4. food steamer is described that kiln car put into by device, be suspended on the end 1/3rd place in kiln car, and keep certain space above chipping with garden waste.The ratio of the volume of organic surflaes and garden waste (limb is chipped, dried leaf, hay) is 2:1.
5. together with food steamer above, kiln car is described that device pushes in drawer type charring kiln, close carbonization furnace door.
5, refuse pyrolysis charing
Pyrolysis charring is named destructive distillation again, refers to and utilizes heat energy under anaerobic to the thermochemical process that organism decomposes.Pyrolysis is the important technology of Coal Chemical Industry, woods chemical industry.In the present invention, organic surflaes and afforestation pyrolysis of waste are important technological processs.Organic surflaes is by the material of pyrolysis, and it is the energy of pyrolysis that garden waste is chipped, and is also a kind of biomass garbage.By pyrolysis charring technique organic surflaes, garden waste chipped and carry out process and can accelerate its decomposition rate, change into useful raw material.
The garden waste of lighting bottom pyrolytic tank at the lighting-up tuyere external energy of kiln both sides is chipped, and opens induced draft fan.With part gardens chip burning produce thermal energy the temperature in stove is improved gradually, when part chip temperature of combustion reach can make persistently overheating in whole stove time, close blast inlet, continue air inducing, make in stove, to be in lasting anaerobic state.Note the smog color of observing smoke outlet simultaneously.During beginning, smog is white, the water vapour that the water evaporation mainly in raw material produces; Smog is then thin out gradually, mainly containing H
2, CO, CH
4, etc. composition, this be xylogen start decompose product.The smog of final stage is light blue or green cigarette, illustrate that pyrolysis enters later stage, only remaining carbonaceous material.When smoke outlet is almost smokeless time, close induced draft fan, close smoke outlet, wait for pyrolysis oven Temperature fall.
Organic surflaes and the garden waste pyrolytic process in stove is as follows: first afforestation waste is ignited under the effect of external energy, space is had due in the middle of garden waste, the naked light that garden waste below produces to chip intensification, successively carbonization to gradually garden waste above.Organic surflaes above shrouds in destructive distillation atmosphere by the heat smoke that carbonization produces, and organic surflaes is decomposed by heat energy gradually.Organic surflaes and the garden waste pyrolysis temperature in pyrolysis oven controls between 390 ~ 420 DEG C.
The product of organic surflaes and garden waste pyrolysis mainly contains solid, liquid, gas three class.Solid product is black charcoal, organic black wood charcoal soil, is approximately about 35% of raw material gross weight; Product liquid is the material that condensation is got off from pyrolysis smoke, accounts for about 10% of raw material gross weight; All the other products accounting for raw material gross weight 55% are wood gass, wherein containing H
2, CO, CH
4etc. gaseous constituent, consumed by pyrolytic process.
1. fixed carbon: because main component is organism, after organic surflaes, garden waste pyrolysis, can leave a part of black wood charcoal.Charing food steamer above is organic black wood charcoal soil, below be gardens black wood charcoals.Organic black wood charcoal soil just becomes the black wood charcoal soil of high-quality after screening, electromagnetism deironing, administers for gardens, prone soil.Part gardens charcoal is admitted to pulverizer and grinds, and then cross 20 eye mesh screens, choose the wood charcoal powder of below 1mm specification, excessive carbon powder particle will be pulverized again, until reach required standard.
2. pyrolysis liquids
Be russet by pyrolysis smoke by the liquid that condenser condenses, have the smell of scorching of wood, this liquid is pyroligneous liquor.Containing more than 280 kind of organic composition in pyroligneous liquor, in acid, the composition containing kinds such as organic acid, phenols, ketone, aldehydes, alcohols and heterocyclic is wherein main component with acetic acid, account for about 50 ~ 60% of organic composition, this product has the feature of with low cost, easy acquisition.Except containing except the main component such as acetic acid, propionic acid in pyroligneous liquor, also has the wood tar oil composition of about 10%.
3. pyrolysis gas
In pyrolysis product, also create some pyrolysis gas, these gases comprise CO, H
2, CH
4etc. water-fast gas, these gases are inflammable gass, are important biomass energies, can be called wood gas.Also containing some trickle wood charcoal powder and other impurity in wood gas, purifying is needed to be used as the energy.
The purifying of wood gas adopts clear water drip washing and centrifugation mode.Rough wood gas is imported in eluting column, fine impurity absorbs by the lower vaporific clear water of tower top spray, be deposited in water mortise, and then water-fast wood gas is imported in whizzer, under the influence of centrifugal force, a small amount of impurity is also separated, enter dry type desulfurizing operation, with unslaked lime by the sulfur dioxide removal in wood gas, become clean wood gas, be transported to hold-up vessel.
In the present invention, clean gas mainly contains two kinds of purposes, is the energy for (5. pyrolysis charring) respectively, and is used for the energy of the compound organic acid distillation purifying of finished product (7 distillations are refining) as thermal source.
6, condensation precipitation
Combination of acidic liquid is imported in the acid-resistant container of the material manufactures such as glass, pottery, enamel, precipitate after one month, can observe this acidic liquid and be divided into three layers, topmost waft the liquid of one deck oily, be tar light oil, account for greatly 1% ~ 3% of liquid total mass; The black liquor of below about 10% is wood tar oil; The mixing acid that middle sorrel transparent liquid is exactly pyroligneous liquor, humic acid, propionic acid are formed, accounts for 85% ~ 89% greatly.The middle water that condensation precipitation process cooling circulating water used is produced from (2.3RO membrane filtration).
1. tar: the translucent composition above the combination of acidic liquid after condensation precipitation--after compound acid solution is extracted out, remaining black, sticky mass are tar, can as heavy oil feedstock.
2. compound organic acid: pyroligneous liquor, is wood vinegar again, is a kind of mixed solution of natural acetic acid.Acetic acid content (6%--12%), chemical formula CH
3cOOH is a kind of organic acid.Also containing humic acid compositions such as a certain amount of fulvic acid, humic acids in pyrolysis liquids in the present invention, define compound organic acid.
7, the refining compound organic acid (alkaline land modifying agent) of distillation
Containing certain dissolved tar in the compound organic acid that organic surflaes, afforestation waste extract, need to carry out purification processes.The mode of purifying has the precipitator method and distillation method.The precipitator method are exactly that compound organic acid is left standstill for some time in acid-resistant container, its coal-tar middle oil, compound organic acid can produce layering because of the difference of proportion, heavy wood tar oil can be deposited in the bottom of container, the compound organic acid of centre is extracted just passable, and remaining is exactly wood tar oil.Distillation method is exactly compound organic acid is imported in distiller distill, and in still-process, the weak yellow liquid of condensation is exactly refining compound organic acid.Dark thick liquid residual in distiller is also wood tar oil, and the wood tar oil that can be separated with precipitation process utilizes together.
Alkaline land modifying agent prepared by embodiment 2 ageing rubbish and garden waste
Prepare alkaline land modifying agent according to embodiment 1 method, difference is: in step 4 layering shove charge, according to volume basis, and the ratio of organic surflaes and garden waste is 5:1.In described garden waste, tree limb is 70:30 with the mass ratio of the mixture be made up of dried leaf and hay; Dried leaf and hay mix according to arbitrary proportion.
Alkaline land modifying agent prepared by embodiment 3 ageing rubbish and garden waste
Prepare alkaline land modifying agent according to embodiment 1 method, difference is: in step 4 layering shove charge, according to volume basis, and the ratio of organic surflaes and garden waste is 1:3.In described garden waste, tree limb is 80:20 with the mass ratio of the mixture be made up of dried leaf and hay; Dried leaf and hay mix according to arbitrary proportion.
Comparative examples afforestation waste prepares pyroligneous liquor
The even wood chip that produced tree limb is processed into length and width 3 ~ 8 cm, thickness 1 ~ 2 centimetre is pruned by trees, shrub, send into drawer type charring kiln (utility model patent, Authorization Notice No.: CN2451590Y) charcoal cage in, carry out pyrogenation and carbonization, pyrolysis temperature controls between 390 ~ 420 DEG C, collect the sorrel liquid that pyrolysis smoke is condensed by condenser, be pyroligneous liquor.
The practical application of experimental example 1 alkaline land modifying agent
Pyroligneous liquor prepared by the alkaline land modifying agent prepare the embodiment of the present invention 1,2,3 and comparative examples is applied to alkaline land improving respectively.
Supply examination soil to be severe saltings, the light earth of quality is partially husky, is divided into 5 communities at random, each plot area 30m
2.5 process are established in experiment: blank (not executing modifying agent), experiment 1-4 group (execute embodiment 1 respectively, alkaline land modifying agent prepared by embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and pyroligneous liquor prepared by comparative examples, all dilute 50 times), consumption is 1L/m
2.Within 90 days, gather the soil sample of each process 0-20cm afterwards, measure soil pH, adopt acidometer to measure (native water volume ratio is 1:2.5).
Measurement result is in table 1.
The soil pH measurement result of table 1 different treatment
Note: the different lowercase alphabet of colleague's mark shows significant difference (p≤0.05).
Result shows, alkaline land modifying agent of the present invention is good to the improved effect in saltings, significantly can reduce soil pH; Wherein, the improved effect of alkaline land modifying agent prepared by embodiment 1 is significantly better than other process, and soil pH is down to 7.6 by 9.70, and compared with other embodiment, difference is extremely remarkable.
Claims (10)
1. an alkaline land modifying agent, is characterized in that: be prepared from by organic surflaes and garden waste.
2. according to alkaline land modifying agent according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: according to volume basis, the ratio of described organic surflaes and garden waste is 1-5:1-3; Preferably, the ratio of described organic surflaes and garden waste is 2:1.
3., according to the alkaline land modifying agent described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that:
The preparation of described organic surflaes comprises: (1) peels off exploitation ageing rubbish; (2) by ageing rubbish control water, sifting sort, obtains rubbish from cooking, pericarp, tea leaf residual, dish leaf, melon-seed hull or stub; (3) by any one in described rubbish from cooking, pericarp, tea leaf residual, dish leaf, melon-seed hull or stub or multiplely form organic vegetable mould according to arbitrary proportion, to obtain final product;
Described garden waste comprises: tree limb, dried leaf and hay; Wherein, tree limb is 70-80:20-30 with the mass ratio of the mixture be made up of dried leaf and hay; Preferably, tree limb is 75:25 with the mass ratio of the mixture be made up of dried leaf and hay; Described dried leaf and hay mix according to arbitrary proportion;
Described tree limb is preferably plant and naturally withers and falls or manually prune the tree limb obtained;
Preferably, described tree limb is made long or wide 3-8 centimetre, the wood chip of thickness 1-2 centimetre.
4. according to alkaline land modifying agent according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the described ageing rubbish of step (1) is the landfill domestic refuse of more than 10 years.
5. a preparation method for Claims 1-4 alkaline land modifying agent described in any one, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps: organic surflaes and garden waste are carried out pyrolysis, collects pyrolysis liquids, purifies, obtains compound organic acid, to obtain final product.
6. according to preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the temperature of described pyrolysis controls at 390-420 DEG C;
The method of described purification comprises the precipitator method or distillation method;
Be preferably, organic surflaes and garden waste layering are carried out pyrolysis; Wherein, described in be layered as organic surflaes be placed in above garden waste, and keep space with garden waste;
Preferred, the tree limb in garden waste is placed in above the mixture be made up of dried leaf and hay.
7. Claims 1-4 alkaline land modifying agent application in alkaline land improving described in any one.
8. a method of comprehensive utilization for ageing rubbish, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) peels off exploitation ageing rubbish, and control water, obtains percolate; (2) percolate is left standstill, be precipitated diafiltration mud and sewage; (3) by sewage charcoal absorption, then through RO membrane filtration, middle water and diafiltration mud is obtained.
9. a method of comprehensive utilization for garden waste, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1), by garden waste pyrolysis, obtains black charcoal, pyrolysis liquids and pyrolysis gas; (2) by pyrolysis gas purifying, wood gas is obtained; (3) by pyrolysis liquids precipitated and separated, wood tar oil is obtained.
10. according to the method for comprehensive utilization described in claim 8 or 9, it is characterized in that: described ageing rubbish is the landfill domestic refuse of more than 10 years;
Described garden waste comprises: tree limb, dried leaf and hay; Wherein, described tree limb is preferably plant and naturally withers and falls or manually prune the tree limb obtained; The temperature of described pyrolysis controls at 390-420 DEG C;
Preferably, tree limb is 75:25 with the mass ratio of the mixture be made up of dried leaf and hay; Described dried leaf and hay mix according to arbitrary proportion.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106077073A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-09 | 上海市环境工程设计科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of method of composite drug improvement beach saline-alkali soil |
| CN106365824A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Saline and alkaline land soil improvement substrate prepared from garden waste and preparing method thereof |
| CN106957656A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-07-18 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Pyrolysis bio-oils produce salinized soil and administer agent |
| CN110484266A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-11-22 | 清华大学 | A kind of sludge base soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN110591715A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-20 | 深圳市海源能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method and acidity improvement method of acidity improver for saline-alkali soil |
| CN114044718A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-02-15 | 湖南军信环保股份有限公司 | Sludge nutrient soil and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103351867A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-10-16 | 承德春雨绿色肥业有限公司 | Vegetable acid for soil conditioner, as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103351867A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-10-16 | 承德春雨绿色肥业有限公司 | Vegetable acid for soil conditioner, as well as preparation method and application thereof |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106077073A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-09 | 上海市环境工程设计科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of method of composite drug improvement beach saline-alkali soil |
| CN106365824A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Saline and alkaline land soil improvement substrate prepared from garden waste and preparing method thereof |
| CN106957656A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-07-18 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Pyrolysis bio-oils produce salinized soil and administer agent |
| CN110484266A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-11-22 | 清华大学 | A kind of sludge base soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN110591715A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-20 | 深圳市海源能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method and acidity improvement method of acidity improver for saline-alkali soil |
| CN114044718A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-02-15 | 湖南军信环保股份有限公司 | Sludge nutrient soil and preparation method and application thereof |
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