CN105244970B - Charging circuit - Google Patents

Charging circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105244970B
CN105244970B CN201510752186.0A CN201510752186A CN105244970B CN 105244970 B CN105244970 B CN 105244970B CN 201510752186 A CN201510752186 A CN 201510752186A CN 105244970 B CN105244970 B CN 105244970B
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voltage
input
transistor
output end
power
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CN105244970A (en
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王钊
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Wuxi Zhonggan Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Wuxi Zhonggan Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of charging circuit, and it includes:Power transistor;Mirrored transistor;Detection resistance;Current control transistor;Clamper operational amplifier;Constant pressure operational amplifier;Constant current operational amplifier, its first input end is connected with the second reference voltage, and its second input is connected with the first connection end of the detection resistance, and its output end is connected with the control end of the current control transistor.The charging circuit also includes:Charge pump, it obtains booster power voltage after input supply voltage is boosted, the constant pressure operational amplifier and clamper operational amplifier are using the booster power voltage as operating voltage.Charging circuit in the present invention, without inductance, cost is low.

Description

Charging circuit
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to battery charging field, more particularly to a kind of low-cost high-efficiency charging circuit.
【Background technology】
Efficient charging circuit, such as Chinese patent application are generally realized using switching type charger in the prior art (application number:CN201110409311.X and CN201110392273.1), its feature is all to employ inductance element as energy storage Element, to move energy, realizes high efficiency, general efficiency about 90% or so.Switching type charger is by using inductive energy storage Principle realizes higher conversion efficiency, and the heating so on charging circuit is smaller.To such as such volume of mobile phone, bluetooth earphone For the less equipment in space, the problem of heating has become increasingly serious.Charge efficiency is improved, reduces heating, can improve Circuit reliability.However, inductance usually requires to take larger chip area, cost is improved.
It is therefore desirable to provide a kind of new solution to solve the above problems.
【The content of the invention】
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high efficiency charging circuit, it is without inductance, and cost is low.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of charging circuit, and it includes:Power transistor, its first connection end It is connected as power input with input supply voltage, the second connection end is connected as charging output end with battery;Mirror image crystal Pipe, its control end is connected with the control end of the power transistor, and its first connection end connects with the first of the power transistor End is connect to be connected;Detection resistance, its second connection end ground connection;Current control transistor, its first connection end and the mirror image crystal Second connection end of pipe is connected, and its second connection end is connected with the first connection end of detection resistance;Clamper operational amplifier, it has There are first input end, the second input and output end, its first input end is connected with the second connection end of the power transistor, Its second input is connected with the second connection end of the mirrored transistor, and its output end is brilliant by first switch and the power The control end of body pipe is connected;Constant pressure operational amplifier, it has first input end, the second input and output end, and it is first defeated Enter end with the first reference voltage to be connected, the second input is connected with the output end that charges, its output end by second switch and The control end of the power transistor is connected;Constant current operational amplifier, it has first input end, the second input and output End, its first input end is connected with the second reference voltage, and its second input is connected with the first connection end of the detection resistance, Its output end is connected with the control end of the current control transistor.The charging circuit also includes:Charge pump, it will input electricity Source voltage obtains booster power voltage after being boosted, the constant pressure operational amplifier and clamper operational amplifier are with the boosting Supply voltage is operating voltage.
Further, power transistor, mirrored transistor and current control transistor are nmos pass transistor, nmos pass transistor Source electrode be the second connection end, it is the first connection end that it, which drains, and its grid is control end, the clamper operational amplifier, described The normal phase input end of constant pressure operational amplifier and constant current operational amplifier is its first input end, and negative-phase input is second defeated for it Enter end.
Further, the charging circuit also includes:Voltage comparator, its first input end and the charging output end phase Even, the second input is connected with the 3rd reference voltage, when the voltage of the charging output end is higher than three reference voltages, control Second switch is turned on, first switch cut-off, and when the voltage of the charging output end is less than three reference voltages, control second is opened Close cut-off, first switch conducting.
Further, the output end of the voltage comparator is connected with the control end of second switch, the voltage comparator Output end be connected by phase inverter with the control end of first switch, the phase inverter is using booster power voltage as operating voltage.
Further, the charging circuit also includes:Input voltage feedback circuit, it is based on cell voltage, charging current And/or current input supply voltage obtains digital object input supply voltage, and digital object input supply voltage is sent to Power supply adaptor.
Further, the input voltage feedback circuit includes:Analog-digital converter, it is by simulated battery voltage conversion into number Word cell voltage;Adder, increases by the first digital voltage on the basis of the digital battery voltage and obtains target input power electricity Pressure, first digital voltage is equal to or more than the product of charging current and the conducting resistance of the power transistor.
Further, the input voltage feedback circuit includes:First analog-digital converter, it is by simulated battery voltage conversion Into digital battery voltage;Second analog-digital converter, present day analog input supply voltage is converted into numeral input supply voltage by it; First adder, it increases by the first digital voltage on the basis of the digital battery voltage and obtains the first totalling voltage, and this first Digital voltage is equal to or more than the product of charging current and the conducting resistance of the power transistor;Second adder, it is Increase by the second digital voltage on the basis of one totalling voltage and obtain the second totalling voltage;Digital comparator, its comparison numeral input Supply voltage, first add up voltage and second and add up voltage, are exported when numeral input supply voltage is less than the first totalling voltage Increase control signal, output reduces control signal when numeral input supply voltage adds up voltage higher than second, in numeral input When supply voltage adds up voltage higher than first and adds up voltage less than second, output keeps control signal;Adjustment circuit, its basis Output based on digital comparator is adjusted and output bias voltage;3rd adder, it adds up voltage and described inclined by first Potential difference is added and obtains digital object input supply voltage.
Further, the power supply adaptor includes:D/A converting circuit, it changes digital object input supply voltage Into simulated target input supply voltage;Error amplifier, its first input end is connected with simulated target input supply voltage, and second Input is connected with the output end of the power supply adaptor;Controller, it is exported according to the output end of the error amplifier Error amplification signal obtains pulse-width signal;Power supply changeover device, its control end is connected with the output end of the controller, and its is defeated Enter end and receive input voltage, its output end is as the output end of the power supply adaptor, and the power supply adaptor exported to carrying For the input supply voltage.
Compared with prior art, charging circuit in the present invention, without inductance, cost is low.
【Brief description of the drawings】
With reference to refer to the attached drawing and ensuing detailed description, the present invention will be better understood, wherein same reference The same structure member of correspondence, wherein:
Circuit diagrams of the Fig. 1 for the charging circuit in the present invention in one embodiment;
Circuit diagrams of the Fig. 2 for the power supply adaptor in the present invention in one embodiment;
Circuit diagrams of the Fig. 3 for the charging circuit in the present invention in another implementation.
【Embodiment】
In order to facilitate the understanding of the purposes, features and advantages of the present invention, it is below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific real Applying mode, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
" one embodiment " or " embodiment " referred to herein refer to the special characteristic related to the embodiment, structure or Characteristic at least may be included at least one implementation of the invention.In this manual different places occur " in a reality Apply in example " not necessarily all refer to same embodiment, also it is necessarily that the independent or selection mutually exclusive with other embodiment is real Apply example." multiple ", " some " in the present invention represent two or more."and/or" in the present invention represent " and " or "or".
Fig. 1 for the present invention in charging circuit in one embodiment 100 circuit diagram.As shown in Figure 1, it is described to fill Circuit 100 includes power transistor MNB, mirrored transistor MNS, detection resistance R1, current control transistor MN1, clamper fortune Calculate amplifier IA, constant pressure operational amplifier VA, constant current operational amplifier CA, first switch SW1, second switch SW2 and charge pump CP。
The first connection end of the power transistor MNB is connected as power input with input supply voltage VDD, and second Connection end is connected as charging output end with battery BAT.The control end of the mirrored transistor MNS and the power transistor MNB control end is connected, and its first connection end is connected with the first connection end of the power transistor MNB.The detection resistance R1 the second connection end ground connection, the first connection end is connected with the second connection end of the current control transistor.The electric current control Transistor MN1 processed the first connection end is connected with the second connection end of the mirrored transistor MNS.The clamper operational amplifier IA has first input end, the second input and output end, and its first input end is connected with the second of the power transistor MNB End is connected, and its second input is connected with the second connection end of the mirrored transistor MNS, and its output end passes through first switch SW1 is connected with the control end of the power transistor MNB.The constant pressure operational amplifier VA has first input end, second defeated Enter end and output end, its first input end is connected with the first reference voltage VR1, the second input and the charging output end phase Even, its output end is connected by second switch SW2 with the control end of the power transistor.The constant current operational amplifier CA tools There are first input end, the second input and output end, its first input end is connected with the second reference voltage VR2, its second input End is connected with the first connection end of the detection resistance R1, its output end and the control end phase of the current control transistor MN1 Even.
The charge pump obtains booster power voltage VH, the constant pressure computing after input supply voltage VDD is boosted Amplifier VA and clamper operational amplifier IA is using the booster power voltage VH as operating voltage.
In one embodiment, it is as shown in Figure 3, the power transistor MNB, mirrored transistor MNS and current control Transistor MN1 is nmos pass transistor, and the source electrode of nmos pass transistor is the second connection end, and it is the first connection end, its grid that it, which drains, For control end.The clamper operational amplifier IA, constant pressure operational amplifier VA and constant current operational amplifier CA normal phase input end For its first input end, negative-phase input is its second input.
In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the charging circuit 100 also includes voltage comparator Comp1.It is described The first input end of voltage comparator is connected with the charging output end, and the second input is connected with the 3rd reference voltage VR3, When the voltage VBAT of the charging output end is higher than the 3rd reference voltage VR, the SW2 conductings of control second switch, first switch SW1 Cut-off, now carries out constant-current charge by the power transistor MNB to the battery BAT.In the electricity of the charging output end When pressing VBAT less than the 3rd reference voltage VR, control second switch SW2 cut-offs, first switch SW1 conductings now pass through the work( Rate transistor MNB carries out constant-voltage charge to the battery BAT.Specifically, the output end and second of the voltage comparator Comp1 The control end for switching SW2 is connected, and the output end of the voltage comparator Comp1 is by phase inverter INV1 and first switch SW1's Control end is connected, and the phase inverter INV1 is using booster power voltage VH as operating voltage.
Charge pump CP is conducive to that power transistor MNB and mirrored transistor MNS grid voltage can be operated in than defeated Enter the higher voltages of the voltage VBAT of supply voltage VDD and battery, can so realize and allow power transistor MNB and mirror image crystal Pipe MNS conductings are more preferable, and its conducting resistance is lower, because the conducting resistance of metal-oxide-semiconductor is inversely proportional to its grid voltage.When their electric conductions When resistance is very low, when carrying out large current charge, it drains and the voltage difference of source electrode is smaller, and heat thereon is lower, so favourable Heating when portable system is reduced in charging.Heating power can be calculated by following formula:
P=I2.Ron
Wherein P is heating power, and I is charging current, and Ron is power transistor MNB conducting resistance.It can be seen that, electric conduction Resistance is smaller, generates heat smaller.
The operation principle of the charging circuit 100 once is described below.When cell voltage is less than three reference voltages, electricity Comparator Comp1 output BH low levels are pressed, BL signals are high level after phase inverter INV1, control first switch SW1 is turned on, By clamper operational amplifier IA controlling transistors MNS and MNB grid voltage, now second switch SW2 disconnections, constant pressure computing is put Big device VA is not involved in work.Constant current operational amplifier CA and detection resistance R1, NMOS tube MN1 work generation reference current together IR, reference current IR flow through mirrored transistor MNS, and clamper operational amplifier IA adjusts the source electrode electricity for causing transistor MNS and MNB Pressure is equal.Because transistor MNS and MNB grid link together, therefore both grid voltages are all equal.While transistor MNS and MNB drain electrode links together, therefore both drain voltages are all equal.So transistor MNS and MNB grid, source Pole, drain voltage are all equal, therefore its electric current is mirrored into relation, i.e. its electric current than the breadth length ratio equal to both, so can be real Now charging current is set by changing detection resistance R1.When the voltage VBAT of battery is more than three reference voltages, voltage ratio It is changed into high level compared with device Comp1 outputs BH, second switch SW2 conductings are low level, first switch by the BL signals of phase inverter SW1 disconnects.Cell voltage VBAT is maintained the pressure constant state of the first reference voltage by constant pressure operational amplifier VA.
In one embodiment, the charging circuit 100 also includes input voltage feedback circuit 110, the input voltage Feedback circuit 110 obtains digital object input based on cell voltage VBAT, charging current and/or current input supply voltage VDD Supply voltage Data, and send digital object input supply voltage Data to power supply adaptors.
In one embodiment, electricity to is sent digital object input supply voltage Data by the data wire in charging wire Source adapter (Adapter), power supply adaptor (Adapter) is adjusted according to the setting voltage data transmitted in data wire Data It is supplied to the input supply voltage VDD of the charging circuit 100.
Circuit diagrams of the Fig. 2 for the power supply adaptor in the present invention in one embodiment.As shown in Fig. 2 the electricity Source adapter includes D/A converting circuit DAC, error amplifier EA, controller and power supply changeover device.The D/A converting circuit Digital object input supply voltage Data is converted into simulated target input supply voltage VR by DAC.The error amplifier EA's First input end is connected with simulated target input supply voltage VR, the output end phase of the second input and the power supply adaptor Even.The error amplifier EA compares input supply voltage VDD and simulated target input supply voltage VR and produces error signal EAO.The error amplification signal EAO that the controller is exported according to the output end of the error amplifier EA obtains pulsewidth modulation letter Number PWM.The control end of the power supply changeover device is connected with the output end of the controller, and its input receives input voltage VS, Its output end is as the output end of the power supply adaptor, and the power supply adaptor exports to providing the input supply voltage VDD。
In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the input voltage feedback circuit 110 includes:Analog-digital converter ADC With adder Adder.Simulated battery voltage VBAT is converted into digital battery voltage VDB by the analog-digital converter ADC.It is described to add Musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass Adder increases by the first digital voltage VDC on the basis of the digital battery voltage VDB and obtains target input supply voltage Data, first digital voltage VDC are equal to or more than the product of charging current and the conducting resistance of the power transistor MNB.
The conducting resistance Ron of the power transistor MNB and the product of charging current be meet needed for charging current when most Voltage difference between low input supply voltage VDD and the voltage VBAT of battery.First digital voltage VDC is set to this value, The minimum input supply voltage VDD for meeting charging current is then realized, it is achieved that minimum heating.For example charging current is 2A, MNB conducting resistance Ron are designed to 50 milliohms, then the first digital voltage VDC is arranged to 0.1V, for battery When voltage VBAT is 3V, charge efficiency is 3V/ (3V+0.1V)=96.77%;For battery voltage VBAT be 4V when, charging Efficiency is 4V/ (4V+0.1V)=97.56%, it is seen that can realize the efficiency higher than traditional switch type charging circuit, that is, generate heat Less.The present invention is without inductance component simultaneously, and cost is lower, is also beneficial to reduce the volume of portable set.
Circuit diagrams of the Fig. 3 for the charging circuit in the present invention in another implementation 300.Charging circuit in Fig. 3 300 is essentially identical with the structure of charging circuit 100 in Fig. 1, and difference is:The input voltage of charging circuit 300 in Fig. 3 The structure of feedback circuit 310 is different from the structure of the input voltage feedback circuit 110 of the charging circuit 100 in Fig. 1.
As shown in Figure 3, the input voltage feedback circuit 310 includes the first analog-digital converter ADC1, the second modulus and turned Parallel operation ADC2, first adder Adder1, second adder Adder2, the 3rd adder Adder2, digital comparator and adjustment Circuit.
Simulated battery voltage VBAT is converted into digital battery voltage VDB by the first analog-digital converter ADC1.Second modulus turns Present day analog input supply voltage VDD is converted into numeral input supply voltage DVDD by parallel operation ADC2.First adder Adder1 Increase by the first digital voltage VDC on the basis of the digital battery voltage VDB and obtain the first totalling voltage VDT, first numeral Voltage VDC is equal to or more than the product of charging current and the conducting resistance of the power transistor MNB.
Second adder Adder2 increases by the second digital voltage VS TEP on the basis of the first totalling voltage VDT and obtains the Two add up voltage VDC.Digital comparator compares numeral input supply voltage DVDD, the first totalling voltage VDT and second and adds up electricity Press VDC.When numeral input supply voltage DVDD adds up voltage VDT less than first, output increase control signal UP, defeated in numeral Enter output when supply voltage DVDD adds up voltage VDC higher than second and reduce control signal DN, in numeral input supply voltage DVDD When voltage VDT is added up higher than first and voltage VDC is added up less than second, output keeps control signal.Adjustment circuit is according to being based on The output of digital comparator is adjusted and output bias voltage VOS.3rd adder Adder3 adds up voltage VDT and institute by first State deviation voltage VOS additions and obtain digital object input supply voltage.Wherein the second digital voltage VS TEP are one a small amount of, are The minimum step (i.e. minimal error voltage) of adjustment.
There is larger voltage drop under some application scenarios on charging wire (such as USB line), such as USB line is longer and charges When electric current is larger, in order to realize more preferable effect, digital comparator compares DVDD and VDT (VDD target voltage) and (VDT+ VSTEP).When DVDD is less than VDT, digital comparator exports a signal up, and adjustment circuit then increases deviation voltage VOS; When DVDD is more than (VDT+VSTEP), comparison circuit exports a signal dn, and adjustment circuit then reduces deviation voltage VOS;Work as DVDD During more than VDT and less than (VDT+VSTEP), digital comparator maintains signal up and dn to be low level, i.e., do not produce pulse and believe Number, adjustment circuit also maintains VOS constant.Adder Adder3 is superimposed VOS and VDT and produces Data.System is by adjusting to suitable VOS values offset the voltage drop produced between connection charging circuit and adapter on line to realize, after the completion of adjustment, DVDD is situated between Value between VDT and (VDT+VSTEP), wherein VSTEP are one a small amount of, for the minimum step (i.e. minimal error) of adjustment.
Connection in the present invention, connecting, be connected etc. represents the word being electrically connected with all referring to direct or indirect electric connection, It is described to refer to that by an element, such as electric capacity, inductance or transistor etc. are electrically connected with indirectly.
Described above has fully disclosed the embodiment of the present invention.It is pointed out that being familiar with the field Scope of any change that technical staff is done to the embodiment of the present invention all without departing from claims of the present invention. Correspondingly, the scope of claim of the invention is also not limited only to the embodiment.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of charging circuit, it is characterised in that it includes:
Power transistor, its first connection end is connected as power input with input supply voltage, and the second connection end is as filling Electricity output end is connected with battery;
Mirrored transistor, its control end is connected with the control end of the power transistor, and its first connection end is brilliant with the power First connection end of body pipe is connected;
Detection resistance, its second connection end ground connection;
Current control transistor, its first connection end is connected with the second connection end of the mirrored transistor, its second connection end It is connected with the first connection end of detection resistance;
Clamper operational amplifier, it has first input end, the second input and output end, its first input end and the power Second connection end of transistor is connected, and its second input is connected with the second connection end of the mirrored transistor, its output end It is connected by first switch with the control end of the power transistor;
Constant pressure operational amplifier, it has first input end, the second input and output end, its first input end and the first reference Voltage is connected, and the second input is connected with the charging output end, and its output end passes through second switch and the power transistor Control end be connected;
Constant current operational amplifier, it has first input end, the second input and output end, its first input end and the second reference Voltage is connected, and its second input is connected with the first connection end of the detection resistance, and its output end is brilliant with the current control The control end of body pipe is connected;
Characterized in that, it also includes:Charge pump, it obtains booster power voltage, institute after input supply voltage is boosted Constant pressure operational amplifier and clamper operational amplifier are stated using the booster power voltage as operating voltage,
It also includes:Input voltage feedback circuit, it is obtained based on cell voltage, charging current and/or current input supply voltage Power supply adaptor is sent to digital object input supply voltage, and by digital object input supply voltage,
The input voltage feedback circuit includes:
First analog-digital converter, it is by simulated battery voltage conversion into digital battery voltage;
Second analog-digital converter, present day analog input supply voltage is converted into numeral input supply voltage by it;
First adder, it increases by the first digital voltage on the basis of the digital battery voltage and obtains the first totalling voltage, should First digital voltage is equal to or more than the product of charging current and the conducting resistance of the power transistor;
Second adder, it increases by the second digital voltage on the basis of the first totalling voltage and obtains the second totalling voltage;
Digital comparator, its comparison numeral input supply voltage, first add up voltage and second and add up voltage, in numeral input electricity Output increase control signal when source voltage adds up voltage less than first, when numeral input supply voltage adds up voltage higher than second Output reduces control signal, when numeral input supply voltage adds up voltage higher than first and adds up voltage less than second, output Keep control signal;
Adjustment circuit, it is adjusted and output bias voltage according to the output based on digital comparator;
3rd adder, the first totalling voltage is added and obtains digital object input supply voltage by it with the deviation voltage.
2. charging circuit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that power transistor, mirrored transistor and current control Transistor is nmos pass transistor, and the source electrode of nmos pass transistor is the second connection end, and it is the first connection end that it, which drains, and its grid is control End processed, the normal phase input end of the clamper operational amplifier, the constant pressure operational amplifier and constant current operational amplifier for its One input, negative-phase input is its second input.
3. charging circuit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it also includes:
Voltage comparator, its first input end is connected with the charging output end, and the second input is connected with the 3rd reference voltage, When the voltage of the charging output end is higher than three reference voltages, control second switch conducting, first switch cut-off, described When the voltage for the output end that charges is less than three reference voltages, control second switch cut-off, first switch conducting.
4. charging circuit according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the output end and second switch of the voltage comparator Control end be connected, the output end of the voltage comparator is connected by phase inverter with the control end of first switch, described anti-phase Device is using booster power voltage as operating voltage.
5. charging circuit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the power supply adaptor includes:
D/A converting circuit, digital object input supply voltage is converted into simulated target input supply voltage by it;
Error amplifier, its first input end is connected with simulated target input supply voltage, and the second input is fitted with the power supply The output end of orchestration is connected;
Controller, its error amplification signal exported according to the output end of the error amplifier obtains pulse-width signal;
Power supply changeover device, its control end is connected with the output end of the controller, and its input receives input voltage, its output end As the output end of the power supply adaptor,
Exporting for the power supply adaptor gives offer the input supply voltage.
CN201510752186.0A 2015-11-06 2015-11-06 Charging circuit Active CN105244970B (en)

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CN107979124B (en) * 2017-08-08 2024-03-22 上海裕芯电子科技有限公司 Power supply self-adaptive charging circuit
CN107394856B (en) * 2017-08-31 2024-01-30 旋智电子科技(上海)有限公司 Parallel battery charging circuit and charging method thereof
CN108110824A (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-06-01 南京中感微电子有限公司 A kind of battery low temperature charging control circuit
CN111869038B (en) 2019-02-28 2021-06-04 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Charging circuit and method for electronic device, and storage medium
CN110556792A (en) * 2019-09-29 2019-12-10 中颖电子股份有限公司 Lithium battery protection system
CN114614538B (en) * 2022-03-23 2024-01-26 无锡力芯微电子股份有限公司 Switch type charging circuit
CN115622183A (en) * 2022-10-24 2023-01-17 上海裕芯电子科技有限公司 Control circuit for preventing hot plug during charging of high-voltage lithium battery

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US7869229B2 (en) * 2007-04-23 2011-01-11 Active-Semi, Inc. Compensating for cord resistance to maintain constant voltage at the end of a power converter cord
CN101710722B (en) * 2009-08-26 2013-06-05 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 Charging circuit and LED lamp device
CN102625512B (en) * 2011-01-27 2015-01-07 英飞特电子(杭州)股份有限公司 Current sharing circuit
CN103532201B (en) * 2013-10-28 2015-06-24 无锡中星微电子有限公司 Quick charge circuit for battery
CN205178560U (en) * 2015-11-06 2016-04-20 无锡中感微电子股份有限公司 Charging circuit

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