CN105244970A - Charging circuit - Google Patents
Charging circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN105244970A CN105244970A CN201510752186.0A CN201510752186A CN105244970A CN 105244970 A CN105244970 A CN 105244970A CN 201510752186 A CN201510752186 A CN 201510752186A CN 105244970 A CN105244970 A CN 105244970A
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Abstract
The invention provides a charging circuit, which comprises a power transistor, a mirror image transistor, a detection resistor, a current control transistor, a clamping operational amplifier, a constant voltage operational amplifier and a constant current operational amplifier, wherein a first input end of the constant current operational amplifier is connected with a second reference voltage, a second input end thereof is connected with a first connecting end of the detection resistor, and an output end thereof is connected with a control end of the current control transistor. The charging circuit further comprises a charge pump, which is used for boosting an input power supply voltage to obtain a boosted power supply voltage, and the constant voltage operational amplifier and the clamping operational amplifier take the boosted power supply voltage as operating voltage. The charging circuit provided by the invention does not require an inductor, and is low in cost.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to battery charging field, particularly a kind of low-cost high-efficiency charging circuit.
[background technology]
Usually switching type charger is adopted to realize high efficiency charging circuit in prior art, such as Chinese patent application (application number: CN201110409311.X and CN201110392273.1), its feature is all have employed inductance element as energy-storage travelling wave tube, move energy, realize high efficiency, general efficiency about about 90%.Switching type charger realizes higher conversion efficiency by utilizing the principle of inductive energy storage, and the heating like this on charging circuit is less.The equipment less concerning such as mobile phone, the such volumetric spaces of bluetooth earphone, heating has become day by day serious problem.Improve charge efficiency, reduce heating, can circuit reliability be improved.But inductance needs to take larger chip area usually, improves cost.
Therefore be necessary to provide a kind of new solution to solve the problems referred to above.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high efficiency charging circuit, it is without the need to inductance, and cost is low.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of charging circuit, it comprises: power transistor, and its first link is connected with input supply voltage as power input, and the second link is connected with battery as charging output; Mirrored transistor, its control end is connected with the control end of described power transistor, and its first link is connected with the first link of described power transistor; Detect resistance, its second link ground connection; Current control transistor, its first link is connected with the second link of described mirrored transistor, and its second link is connected with the first link detecting resistance; Clamper operational amplifier, it has first input end, the second input and output, its first input end is connected with the second link of described power transistor, its second input is connected with the second link of described mirrored transistor, and its output is connected with the control end of described power transistor by the first switch; Constant voltage operational amplifier, it has first input end, the second input and output, its first input end is connected with the first reference voltage, and the second input is connected with described charging output, and its output is connected by the control end of second switch with described power transistor; Constant current operational amplifier, it has first input end, the second input and output, its first input end is connected with the second reference voltage, and its second input is connected with the first link of described detection resistance, and its output is connected with the control end of described current control transistor.Described charging circuit also comprises: charge pump, and it obtains booster power voltage after being boosted by input supply voltage, described constant voltage operational amplifier and clamper operational amplifier with described booster power voltage for operating voltage.
Further, power transistor, mirrored transistor and current control transistor are nmos pass transistor, the source electrode of nmos pass transistor is the second link, its drain electrode is the first link, its grid is control end, the normal phase input end of described clamper operational amplifier, described constant voltage operational amplifier and constant current operational amplifier is its first input end, and negative-phase input is its second input.
Further, described charging circuit also comprises: voltage comparator, its first input end is connected with described charging output, second input is connected with the 3rd reference voltage, when the voltage of described charging output is higher than the 3rd reference voltage, controls second switch conducting, first switch cut-off, when the voltage of described charging output is lower than the 3rd reference voltage, control second switch cut-off, the first switch conduction.
Further, the output of described voltage comparator is connected with the control end of second switch, and the output of described voltage comparator is connected through the control end of inverter with the first switch, described inverter with booster power voltage for operating voltage.
Further, described charging circuit also comprises: input voltage feedback circuit, and it obtains digital object input supply voltage based on cell voltage, charging current and/or current input supply voltage, and sends digital object input supply voltage to power supply adaptor.
Further, described input voltage feedback circuit comprises: analog to digital converter, and simulated battery voltage transitions is become digital battery voltage by it; Adder, described digital battery voltage basis increases by the first digital voltage and obtains target input supply voltage, this first digital voltage is equal to or greater than the product of the conducting resistance of charging current and described power transistor.
Further, described input voltage feedback circuit comprises: the first analog to digital converter, and simulated battery voltage transitions is become digital battery voltage by it; Second analog to digital converter, it converts present day analog input supply voltage to digital input supply voltage; First adder, it increases by the first digital voltage and obtains first and add total voltage on described digital battery voltage basis, and this first digital voltage is equal to or greater than the product of the conducting resistance of charging current and described power transistor; Second adder, it adds first the basis of total voltage increases the second digital voltage and obtains second and add total voltage; Digital comparator, its comparative figures input supply voltage, first adds total voltage and second and adds total voltage, export when digital input supply voltage adds total voltage lower than first and increase control signal, export when digital input supply voltage adds total voltage higher than second and reduce control signal, when digital input supply voltage adds total voltage higher than first and adds total voltage lower than second, export retentive control signal; Circuit tuning, it adjusts and output bias voltage according to the output based on digital comparator; 3rd adder, it adds total voltage and is added with described deviation voltage and obtains digital object input supply voltage by first.
Further, described power supply adaptor comprises: D/A converting circuit, and it converts digital object input supply voltage to simulated target input supply voltage; Error amplifier, its first input end is connected with simulated target input supply voltage, and the second input is connected with the output of described power supply adaptor; Controller, the error amplification signal that its output according to described error amplifier exports obtains pulse-width signal; Power supply changeover device, its control end is connected with the output of described controller, and its input receives input voltage, and its output is as the output of described power supply adaptor, and exporting to of described power supply adaptor provides described input supply voltage.
Compared with prior art, charging circuit in the present invention, without the need to inductance, cost is low.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
In conjunction with reference accompanying drawing and ensuing detailed description, the present invention will be easier to understand, the structure member that wherein same Reference numeral is corresponding same, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the charging circuit circuit diagram in one embodiment in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the power supply adaptor circuit diagram in one embodiment in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of charging circuit in another is implemented in the present invention.
[embodiment]
For enabling above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage become apparent more, and below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Alleged herein " embodiment " or " embodiment " refers to that the special characteristic relevant to described embodiment, structure or characteristic at least can be contained at least one implementation of the present invention.Different local in this manual " in one embodiment " occurred be non-essential all refers to same embodiment, must not be yet with other embodiments mutually exclusive separately or select embodiment." multiple ", " some " in the present invention represent two or more."and/or" in the present invention represents " with " or "or".
Fig. 1 be charging circuit in the present invention in one embodiment 100 circuit diagram.As shown in Figure 1, described charging circuit 100 comprises power transistor MNB, mirrored transistor MNS, detects resistance R1, current control transistor MN1, clamper operational amplifier IA, constant voltage operational amplifier VA, constant current operational amplifier CA, the first interrupteur SW 1, second switch SW2 and charge pump CP.
First link of described power transistor MNB is connected with input supply voltage VDD as power input, and the second link is connected with battery BAT as charging output.The control end of described mirrored transistor MNS is connected with the control end of described power transistor MNB, and its first link is connected with first link of described power transistor MNB.The second link ground connection of described detection resistance R1, the first link is connected with the second link of described current control transistor.First link of described current control transistor MN1 is connected with second link of described mirrored transistor MNS.Described clamper operational amplifier IA has first input end, the second input and output, its first input end is connected with second link of described power transistor MNB, its second input is connected with second link of described mirrored transistor MNS, and its output is connected with the control end of described power transistor MNB by the first interrupteur SW 1.Described constant voltage operational amplifier VA has first input end, the second input and output, its first input end is connected with the first reference voltage VR1, second input is connected with described charging output, and its output is connected with the control end of described power transistor by second switch SW2.Described constant current operational amplifier CA has first input end, the second input and output, its first input end is connected with the second reference voltage VR2, its second input is connected with first link of described detection resistance R1, and its output is connected with the control end of described current control transistor MN1.
Described charge pump obtains booster power voltage VH after being boosted by input supply voltage VDD, described constant voltage operational amplifier VA and clamper operational amplifier IA with described booster power voltage VH for operating voltage.
In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, described power transistor MNB, mirrored transistor MNS and current control transistor MN1 are nmos pass transistor, and the source electrode of nmos pass transistor is the second link, and its drain electrode is the first link, and its grid is control end.The normal phase input end of described clamper operational amplifier IA, constant voltage operational amplifier VA and constant current operational amplifier CA is its first input end, and negative-phase input is its second input.
In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, described charging circuit 100 also comprises voltage comparator Comp1.The first input end of described voltage comparator is connected with described charging output, second input is connected with the 3rd reference voltage VR3, when the voltage VBAT of described charging output is higher than the 3rd reference voltage VR, control second switch SW2 conducting, first interrupteur SW 1 is ended, and now carries out constant current charge by described power transistor MNB to described battery BAT.When the voltage VBAT of described charging output is lower than the 3rd reference voltage VR, control second switch SW2 cut-off, the first interrupteur SW 1 conducting, now carries out constant voltage charge by described power transistor MNB to described battery BAT.Concrete, the output of described voltage comparator Comp1 is connected with the control end of second switch SW2, the output of described voltage comparator Comp1 is connected with the control end of the first interrupteur SW 1 through inverter INV1, described inverter INV1 with booster power voltage VH for operating voltage.
Charge pump CP is conducive to allowing the grid voltage of power transistor MNB and mirrored transistor MNS can be operated in the voltage higher than the voltage VBAT of input supply voltage VDD and battery, can realize like this allowing power transistor MNB and mirrored transistor MNS conducting better, its conducting resistance is lower, because the conducting resistance of metal-oxide-semiconductor is inversely proportional to its grid voltage.When their conducting resistance are very low, when carrying out large current charge, the voltage difference of its drain electrode and source electrode is less, and the heat on it is lower, is conducive to like this reducing the heating of portable system when charging.Heating power can by formulae discovery below:
P＝I
2.Ron
Wherein P is heating power, and I is charging current, and Ron is the conducting resistance of power transistor MNB.Visible, conducting resistance is less, generates heat less.
The operation principle of described charging circuit 100 is once described below.When cell voltage is lower than the 3rd reference voltage, voltage comparator Comp1 exports BH low level, after inverter INV1, BL signal is high level, control the first interrupteur SW 1 conducting, the grid voltage of transistor MNS and MNB is controlled by clamper operational amplifier IA, now second switch SW2 disconnects, and constant voltage operational amplifier VA does not participate in work.Constant current operational amplifier CA works and produces reference current IR together with detection resistance R1, NMOS tube MN1, and reference current IR flows through mirrored transistor MNS, and clamper operational amplifier IA adjustment makes the source voltage of transistor MNS and MNB equal.Because the grid of transistor MNS and MNB links together, therefore both grid voltages are all equal.The drain electrode of transistor MNS and MNB simultaneously links together, and therefore both drain voltages are all equal.The grid of such transistor MNS and MNB, source electrode, drain voltage are all equal, and therefore its electric current becomes mirror, and namely its current ratio equals both breadth length ratios, can realize like this setting charging current by changing detection resistance R1.When the voltage VBAT of battery is greater than the 3rd reference voltage, voltage comparator Comp1 exports BH and becomes high level, second switch SW2 conducting, and the BL signal through inverter is low level, and the first interrupteur SW 1 disconnects.Cell voltage VBAT is maintained the pressure constant state of the first reference voltage by constant voltage operational amplifier VA.
In one embodiment, described charging circuit 100 also comprises input voltage feedback circuit 110, described input voltage feedback circuit 110 obtains digital object input supply voltage Data based on cell voltage VBAT, charging current and/or current input supply voltage VDD, and sends digital object input supply voltage Data to power supply adaptor.
In one embodiment, send digital object input supply voltage Data to power supply adaptor (Adapter) by the data wire in charging wire, power supply adaptor (Adapter) regulates the input supply voltage VDD being supplied to described charging circuit 100 according to the setting voltage data transmitted in data wire Data.
Fig. 2 is the power supply adaptor circuit diagram in one embodiment in the present invention.As shown in Figure 2, described power supply adaptor comprises D/A converting circuit DAC, error amplifier EA, controller and power supply changeover device.Described D/A converting circuit DAC converts digital object input supply voltage Data to simulated target input supply voltage VR.The first input end of described error amplifier EA is connected with simulated target input supply voltage VR, and the second input is connected with the output of described power supply adaptor.Described error amplifier EA compares input supply voltage VDD and simulated target input supply voltage VR and produces error signal EAO.The error amplification signal EAO that described controller exports according to the output of described error amplifier EA obtains pulse-width signal PWM.The control end of described power supply changeover device is connected with the output of described controller, and its input receives input voltage VS, and its output is as the output of described power supply adaptor, and exporting to of described power supply adaptor provides described input supply voltage VDD.
In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, described input voltage feedback circuit 110 comprises: analog to digital converter ADC and adder Adder.Described analog to digital converter ADC converts simulated battery voltage VBAT to digital battery voltage VDB.Described adder Adder increases by the first digital voltage VDC and obtains target input supply voltage Data on described digital battery voltage VDB basis, and this first digital voltage VDC is equal to or greater than the product of the conducting resistance of charging current and described power transistor MNB.
The described conducting resistance Ron of power transistor MNB and the product of charging current are voltage differences when meeting required charging current between minimum input supply voltage VDD and the voltage VBAT of battery.First digital voltage VDC is arranged and is worth for this reason, then achieve the minimum input supply voltage VDD meeting charging current, therefore achieve minimum heating.Such as charging current is that the conducting resistance Ron of 2A, MNB is designed to 50 milliohms, then the first digital voltage VDC is set to 0.1V, and when the voltage VBAT for battery is 3V, charge efficiency is 3V/ (3V+0.1V)=96.77%; When voltage VBAT for battery is 4V, charge efficiency is 4V/ (4V+0.1V)=97.56%, can realize the efficiency higher than traditional switch type charging circuit as seen, and namely heating is less.The present invention is simultaneously without the need to inductance component, and cost is lower, is also conducive to the volume reducing portable set.
Fig. 3 is the charging circuit in the present invention implements in 300 circuit diagram at another.Charging circuit 300 in Fig. 3 is substantially identical with charging circuit 100 structure in Fig. 1, and difference is: the structure of the input voltage feedback circuit 310 of the charging circuit 300 in Fig. 3 is different from the structure of the input voltage feedback circuit 110 of the charging circuit 100 in Fig. 1.
As shown in Figure 3, described input voltage feedback circuit 310 comprises the first analog to digital converter ADC1, the second analog to digital converter ADC2, first adder Adder1, second adder Adder2, the 3rd adder Adder2, digital comparator and Circuit tuning.
First analog to digital converter ADC1 converts simulated battery voltage VBAT to digital battery voltage VDB.Second analog to digital converter ADC2 converts present day analog input supply voltage VDD to digital input supply voltage DVDD.First adder Adder1 increases by the first digital voltage VDC and obtains first and add total voltage VDT on described digital battery voltage VDB basis, and this first digital voltage VDC is equal to or greater than the product of the conducting resistance of charging current and described power transistor MNB.
Second adder Adder2 adds first the basis of total voltage VDT to be increased the second digital voltage VSTEP and obtains second and add total voltage VDC.Digital comparator comparative figures input supply voltage DVDD, first adds total voltage VDT and second and adds total voltage VDC.Export when digital input supply voltage DVDD adds total voltage VDT lower than first and increase control signal UP, export when digital input supply voltage DVDD adds total voltage VDC higher than second and reduce control signal DN, when digital input supply voltage DVDD adds total voltage VDT higher than first and adds total voltage VDC lower than second, export retentive control signal.Circuit tuning adjusts and output bias voltage VOS according to the output based on digital comparator.3rd adder Adder3 adds total voltage VDT and is added with described deviation voltage VOS and obtains digital object input supply voltage by first.Wherein the second digital voltage VSTEP is an a small amount of, is the minimum step (i.e. minimal error voltage) of adjustment.
Under some application scenario, charging wire (such as USB line) is upper exists larger voltage drop, such as USB line is longer and charging current is larger time, in order to realize better effect, digital comparator compares DVDD and VDT (target voltage of VDD) and (VDT+VSTEP).When DVDD is less than VDT, digital comparator exports a signal up, and Circuit tuning then increases deviation voltage VOS; When DVDD is greater than (VDT+VSTEP), comparison circuit exports a signal dn, and Circuit tuning then reduces deviation voltage VOS; When DVDD is greater than VDT and is less than (VDT+VSTEP), it is low level that digital comparator maintains signal up and dn, and namely do not produce pulse signal, it is constant that Circuit tuning also maintains VOS.Adder Adder3 superposes VOS and VDT and produces Data.System realizes offsetting the voltage drop connecting and between charging circuit and adapter, line produces by being adjusted to suitable VOS value, after having adjusted, the value of DVDD between VDT and (VDT+VSTEP), wherein VSTEP is an a small amount of, is the minimum step (i.e. minimal error) of adjustment.
Connection in the present invention, connect, being connected etc. represents that the word be electrically connected all refers to direct or indirect electric connection, describedly indirectly refers to by an element, the electric connections such as such as electric capacity, inductance or transistor.
Above-mentioned explanation fully discloses the specific embodiment of the present invention.It is pointed out that the scope be familiar with person skilled in art and any change that the specific embodiment of the present invention is done all do not departed to claims of the present invention.Correspondingly, the scope of claim of the present invention is also not limited only to described embodiment.
Claims (8)
1. a charging circuit, is characterized in that, it comprises:
Power transistor, its first link is connected with input supply voltage as power input, and the second link is connected with battery as charging output;
Mirrored transistor, its control end is connected with the control end of described power transistor, and its first link is connected with the first link of described power transistor;
Detect resistance, its second link ground connection;
Current control transistor, its first link is connected with the second link of described mirrored transistor, and its second link is connected with the first link detecting resistance;
Clamper operational amplifier, it has first input end, the second input and output, its first input end is connected with the second link of described power transistor, its second input is connected with the second link of described mirrored transistor, and its output is connected with the control end of described power transistor by the first switch;
Constant voltage operational amplifier, it has first input end, the second input and output, its first input end is connected with the first reference voltage, and the second input is connected with described charging output, and its output is connected by the control end of second switch with described power transistor;
Constant current operational amplifier, it has first input end, the second input and output, its first input end is connected with the second reference voltage, and its second input is connected with the first link of described detection resistance, and its output is connected with the control end of described current control transistor;
It is characterized in that, it also comprises:
Charge pump, it obtains booster power voltage after being boosted by input supply voltage, described constant voltage operational amplifier and clamper operational amplifier with described booster power voltage for operating voltage.
2. charging circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, power transistor, mirrored transistor and current control transistor are nmos pass transistor, the source electrode of nmos pass transistor is the second link, its drain electrode is the first link, its grid is control end, and the normal phase input end of described clamper operational amplifier, described constant voltage operational amplifier and constant current operational amplifier is its first input end, and negative-phase input is its second input.
3. charging circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, it also comprises:
Voltage comparator, its first input end is connected with described charging output, second input is connected with the 3rd reference voltage, when the voltage of described charging output is higher than the 3rd reference voltage, control second switch conducting, the first switch cut-off, when the voltage of described charging output is lower than the 3rd reference voltage, control second switch ends, the first switch conduction.
4. charging circuit according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the output of described voltage comparator is connected with the control end of second switch, and the output of described voltage comparator is connected through the control end of inverter with the first switch, described inverter with booster power voltage for operating voltage.
5., according to the arbitrary described charging circuit of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, it also comprises:
Input voltage feedback circuit, it obtains digital object input supply voltage based on cell voltage, charging current and/or current input supply voltage, and sends digital object input supply voltage to power supply adaptor.
6. charging circuit according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described input voltage feedback circuit comprises:
Analog to digital converter, simulated battery voltage transitions is become digital battery voltage by it;
Adder, described digital battery voltage basis increases by the first digital voltage and obtains target input supply voltage, this first digital voltage is equal to or greater than the product of the conducting resistance of charging current and described power transistor.
7. charging circuit according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described input voltage feedback circuit comprises:
First analog to digital converter, simulated battery voltage transitions is become digital battery voltage by it;
Second analog to digital converter, it converts present day analog input supply voltage to digital input supply voltage;
First adder, it increases by the first digital voltage and obtains first and add total voltage on described digital battery voltage basis, and this first digital voltage is equal to or greater than the product of the conducting resistance of charging current and described power transistor;
Second adder, it adds first the basis of total voltage increases the second digital voltage and obtains second and add total voltage;
Digital comparator, its comparative figures input supply voltage, first adds total voltage and second and adds total voltage, export when digital input supply voltage adds total voltage lower than first and increase control signal, export when digital input supply voltage adds total voltage higher than second and reduce control signal, when digital input supply voltage adds total voltage higher than first and adds total voltage lower than second, export retentive control signal;
Circuit tuning, it adjusts and output bias voltage according to the output based on digital comparator;
3rd adder, it adds total voltage and is added with described deviation voltage and obtains digital object input supply voltage by first.
8. charging circuit according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described power supply adaptor comprises:
D/A converting circuit, it converts digital object input supply voltage to simulated target input supply voltage;
Error amplifier, its first input end is connected with simulated target input supply voltage, and the second input is connected with the output of described power supply adaptor;
Controller, the error amplification signal that its output according to described error amplifier exports obtains pulse-width signal;
Power supply changeover device, its control end is connected with the output of described controller, its input receive input voltage, its output as the output of described power supply adaptor,
Exporting to of described power supply adaptor provides described input supply voltage.
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| CN114614538A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-10 | 无锡力芯微电子股份有限公司 | Switch type charging circuit |
| CN114614538B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2024-01-26 | 无锡力芯微电子股份有限公司 | Switch type charging circuit |
| WO2024087550A1 (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2024-05-02 | 上海裕芯电子科技有限公司 | Control circuit for preventing hot swapping during high-voltage lithium battery charging |
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| CN105244970B (en) | 2017-08-29 |
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