CN105242312A - Method used for characterizing small and medium sized extension rift basin growth reverse fault - Google Patents

Method used for characterizing small and medium sized extension rift basin growth reverse fault Download PDF

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CN105242312A
CN105242312A CN201510696919.3A CN201510696919A CN105242312A CN 105242312 A CN105242312 A CN 105242312A CN 201510696919 A CN201510696919 A CN 201510696919A CN 105242312 A CN105242312 A CN 105242312A
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seismic
well
district
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CN105242312B (en
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杨国臣
肖斌
刘建军
杨小波
王彦丽
欧阳睿
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INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING ZHONGYUAN OIL FIELD BRANCH CHINA PETROCHEMICAL Corp
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING ZHONGYUAN OIL FIELD BRANCH CHINA PETROCHEMICAL Corp
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Abstract

The invention provides a method used for characterizing a small and medium sized extension rift basin growth reverse fault, which belongs to the technical field of geological prospecting. The method comprises the steps that the data of an area to be identified are collected and processed; sequence division is carried out under the guidance of a sequence stratigraphy theory, and an isochronal sequence stratigraphic framework of the area to be identified is established; under the constraint of the isochronal sequence stratigraphic framework of the area to be identified, construction-stratigraphic linkage interpretation is carried out, and positive and reverse faults are identified and classified; stratigraphic-sedimentary linkage interpretation is carried out on classified positive and reverse faults; a pseudo fault which is mistakenly identified is rejected, and a fault framework of the area to be identified is established; construction-sedimentary linkage interpretation is carried out on positive and reverse faults in the fault framework of the area to be identified; a growth fault construction framework is established, and a growth reverse fault in the framework is determined; a tectonic geologic model of the growth reverse fault and the derivative tectonic geologic model are built; and the cause of the growth reverse fault in each tectonic geologic model is analyzed to guide oil and gas exploration of the area to be identified.

Description

A kind of method of portraying middle-size and small-size stretching, extension rifted-basin growth trap-up
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of method of portraying middle-size and small-size stretching, extension rifted-basin growth trap-up, belong to technical field of geological exploration.
Background technology:
In technical field of geological exploration, accurately portray the middle-size and small-size stretching, extension rifted-basin growth trap-up in oily sedimentary basin, have great importance for sedimentary system, Oil-gas Accumulation Types and distribution thereof etc. in such basin of reliable prediction.
Structure elucidation technology based on well shake data may be summarized to be " metoposcopy " and well shake joint inversion two kinds, is the identification of generally applying at present, two kinds of qualitative interpretation methods of portraying tomography." metoposcopy " mainly follows the trail of based on the contrast of common seismic lineups and seismic wave groups feature horizontal change divides tomography, for larger large of turn-off, the credibility of medium-sized tomography identification is higher, but the portraying of minor fault less for turn-off is often easily subject to geology, the restriction of structure elucidation personnel theoretical foundation and structuring concept and pattern, the subjectivity dividing tomography is strong, special in sedimentary fault, also be referred to as synsedimentary fault sentence know reliability low, reason is ambient stress and the condition that middle-size and small-size stretching, extension rifted-basin seldom possesses development growth trap-up, by the impact of its geologic agent, usually there are some structure illusions in seismic section, if mainly carry out " metoposcopy " structure elucidation according to the geometry information of seismic data, or first carry out structure elucidation and then load seismic geologic stratum, even just easily cause the comparatively big error mistake of structure elucidation result.Widely used well shake joint interpretation technology was an advanced technology in stratum, geologic structure interpretation field in recent years, it turns to technological means with multidisciplinary, integrated, with high-precision geological data for core, earthquake information and well logging information height are merged, integrative seismic technology is carried out in man-machine interaction, make Stratigraphic Division And Correlation and structure elucidation reach well to shake and unify, have that comprehensive and advance is strong, Static and dynamic data combination degree and geologic interpretation precision high, farthest can reduce the subjectivity that structure elucidation especially divides tomography.Although well shake joint inversion is portrayed tomography and the precision explained and reliability comparatively " metoposcopy " increase substantially, but the method considers that structure, formation factor are more, and consider not enough to factors such as the palaeogeomorphology discrepancy in elevation before deposition, deposition, " pseudo-tomography " phenomenon is there is during application, be mistaken for tomography by non-tomography, cause precision that tomography is portrayed and all on the low side to the accuracy of sedimentary fault identification.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to overcome precision that above-mentioned prior art exists portrays tomography and to defects such as the accuracy of sedimentary fault identification are all on the low side, provide a kind of method of portraying middle-size and small-size stretching, extension rifted-basin growth trap-up.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
1, district to be identified Data acquisition, and process:
1.1, areal geology and structural evolution achievement in research data and regional gravity, magnetic survey, electrical measurement, seismic interpretation achievement data are collected;
1.2, seismic data, well data and rock core information are collected;
1.3, well seismic data processing and quality evaluation.
2, to the district to be identified well shake data conformed to quality requirements obtained by step 1, under Based On Sequence Stratigraphic Theory instruct, carry out sequence dividing, set up district to be identified isochronous stratigraphic framework:
2.1, according to the geological interface mark in well shake data, identify unconformity, divide electrosequence and seismic sequence;
2.2, utilize the other seismic wavelet of each individual well well data, well to do theogram, demarcating steps 2.1 divides the seismic geologic stratum of seismic sequence;
2.3, utilize individual well well data plotting to connect well profile and well shake composite profile, electrosequence step 2.1 divided is carried out consistance with the other seismic sequence of well and is mated, and sets up well shake composite profile seismic sequence;
2.4, in the seismic data of step 1.2 collection, choose the some key seismic section of cross grid distribution, under the constraint of the well shake composite profile seismic sequence determined in step 2.3, carry out tracking to the seismic geologic stratum of step 2.2 demarcation to close, set up district to be identified isochronous stratigraphic framework.
3, under the district to be identified isochronous stratigraphic framework constraint that step 2 obtains, carry out Structure Stratigraphy interlock and explain, identify and mark off forward and inverse tomography:
3.1, according to company's well profile and the well shake composite profile of step 2.3 drafting, well and Cross-well fault are crossed in identification;
3.2, according to the geology of tomography, GEOPHYSICAL RECOGNITION and step 3.1 identification cross well and Cross-well fault, under sequence, structure mutually constraint, the identification that the seismic section collected step 1.2 carries out tomography is one by one followed the trail of, and tomography point is closed; The seismic geologic stratum that step 2.2 is demarcated is followed the trail of simultaneously, seismic geologic stratum is closed, thus marks off forward and inverse tomography.
4, the forward and inverse tomography marked off step 3 carries out stratum-deposition interlock to be explained, rejects wherein by the pseudo-tomography identified by mistake, sets up district to be identified tomography screen work:
4.1, by paleogeographic reconstruction before district to be identified deposition, the pseudo-tomography formed by the palaeogeomorphology discrepancy in elevation is identified;
4.2, by the determination of district to be identified sedimentation type, the pseudo-tomography formed by depositional phenomenon is identified;
4.3, reject the pseudo-tomography formed by the palaeogeomorphology discrepancy in elevation that step 4.1 identifies and the pseudo-tomography formed by depositional phenomenon that step 4.2 identifies in the forward and inverse tomography marked off in step 3, set up district to be identified tomography screen work.
5, carry out tectonic sedimentary interlock to the forward and inverse tomography in the district to be identified tomography screen work of step 4 foundation to explain, according to their depositional control feature or tectonic activity, set up sedimentary fault tectonic framework, determine growth trap-up wherein.
6, according to area to be identified tectonic stress condition and local structure system, build the tectonic geology model of the growth trap-up determined by step 5 and derivative tectonic geology model thereof, resolve the origin cause of formation growing trap-up in each tectonic geology model, instruct district to be identified oil-gas exploration.
The present invention is according to the structure of middle-size and small-size stretching, extension rifted-basin, stratum and deposition characteristics, setting up on isochronous stratigraphic framework basis, district to be identified, explained by the interlock of Structure Stratigraphy, stratum-deposition and tectonic sedimentary, eliminate because of geologic agent cause by the impact of pseudo-tomography identified by mistake, determine district to be identified tomography screen work and growth trap-up, construct the tectonic geology model that accurately can reflect the growth trap-up origin cause of formation, the degree of accuracy of resolving and portraying growth trap-up is high, can meet the needs of such basin oil-gas exploration.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is technical solution of the present invention FB(flow block);
Fig. 2 is that seismic geologic stratum figure is demarcated in certain basin individual well theogram;
Fig. 3 is the seismic sequence frame figure along certain well shake composite profile in certain basin;
Fig. 4 is along the isochronous stratigraphic framework of certain seismic section and tomography screen work sectional view in certain basin;
Fig. 5 is the construction plan view along certain seismic geologic stratum in certain basin;
Fig. 6 is the tectonic sedimentary planimetric map of certain basin sequence corresponding geologic epoch;
Fig. 7 is the tectonic sedimentary sectional view along certain seismic section in certain basin;
Fig. 8 is certain geologic epoch balanced cross section figure along certain seismic section in certain basin;
Fig. 9 is the tectonic geology model schematic of the growth trap-up based on interpretation examples Fig. 4 structure;
Figure 10 is derivative tectonic geology model one schematic diagram based on Fig. 9;
Figure 11 is derivative tectonic geology model two schematic diagram based on Fig. 9;
Figure 12 is derivative tectonic geology model three schematic diagram based on Fig. 9.
Embodiment:
With the middle-size and small-size stretching, extension rifted-basin of Sinopec Group, hereinafter referred to as the example with reference in certain basin, the invention will be further described.As shown in Figure 1, detailed step of the present invention is as follows:
1, certain basin Data acquisition, and process:
1.1, areal geology and structural evolution achievement in research data and regional gravity, magnetic survey, electrical measurement, seismic interpretation achievement data are collected;
1.2, seismic data, well data and rock core information are collected;
1.3, well seismic data processing and quality evaluation.
2, to certain the basin well shake data conformed to quality requirements obtained by step 1, under Based On Sequence Stratigraphic Theory instruct, carry out sequence dividing, set up this basin isochronous stratigraphic framework:
2.1, according to the geological interface mark in well shake data, identify unconformity, divide electrosequence and seismic sequence.
2.2, utilize the other seismic wavelet of each individual well well data, well to do theogram, demarcating steps 2.1 divides the seismic geologic stratum of seismic sequence, and Fig. 2 shows the calibration result of certain individual well theogram to the other seismic geologic stratum of well.
2.3, utilize individual well well data plotting to connect well profile and well shake composite profile, electrosequence step 2.1 divided is carried out consistance with the other seismic sequence of well and is mated, and sets up well shake composite profile seismic sequence.Fig. 3 illustrates the seismic sequence frame along wherein certain well shake composite profile.
2.4, in the seismic data of step 1.2 collection, choose the some key seismic section of cross grid distribution, under the constraint of the well shake composite profile seismic sequence determined in step 2.3, it is closed that the seismic geologic stratum demarcated step 2.2 carries out trackings, sets up certain basin isochronous stratigraphic framework.Fig. 4 shows the isochronous stratigraphic framework along certain seismic section in certain basin.
3, under certain the basin isochronous stratigraphic framework obtained in step 2 retrains, carry out Structure Stratigraphy interlock and explain, identify and mark off forward and inverse tomography:
3.1, according to company's well profile and the well shake composite profile of step 2.3 drafting, well and Cross-well fault are crossed in identification;
3.2, according to the geology of tomography, GEOPHYSICAL RECOGNITION and step 3.1 identification cross well and Cross-well fault, under sequence, structure mutually constraint, the identification that the seismic section collected step 1.2 carries out tomography is one by one followed the trail of, and tomography point is closed; The seismic geologic stratum that step 2.3 is demarcated is followed the trail of simultaneously, seismic geologic stratum is closed, thus marks off forward and inverse tomography.
4, the forward and inverse tomography marked off step 3 carries out stratum-deposition interlock to be explained, rejects wherein by the pseudo-tomography identified by mistake, sets up certain basin tomography screen work:
4.1, according to the actual geologic condition in certain basin, choose applicable compacting recovery and simulation technology, utilize well to shake data, carry out depositing front paleogeographic reconstruction, reject and cause by the pseudo-tomography identified by mistake by the palaeogeomorphology discrepancy in elevation;
4.2, under isochronous stratigraphic framework, the rock core information collected according to step 1.2 and the well the conformed to quality requirements shake data obtained by step 1, carry out rock core facies analysis and demarcate electrofacies and seismic facies, well shakes to combine determines sedimentation type, rejects and causes by the pseudo-tomography identified by mistake by depositional phenomenon;
4.3, reject the pseudo-tomography formed by the palaeogeomorphology discrepancy in elevation that step 4.1 identifies and the pseudo-tomography formed by depositional phenomenon that step 4.2 identifies in the forward and inverse tomography marked off in step 3, set up certain basin tomography screen work.
Fig. 4 shows the profile features of the tomography screen work along certain seismic section, the plane characteristic of what Fig. 5 showed is tomography screen work along a certain closed seismic geologic stratum.From Fig. 4 and Fig. 5,5. break 10., break 6., break is control basin boundary fault, and 2. break 10., break 9., break 8., break 7., break 6., break 5., break 4., break 3. and break is trap-down, and 1. break is trap-up, and they form the main body of certain basin tomography screen work.
5, carry out tectonic sedimentary interlock to the forward and inverse tomography in certain basin tomography screen work of step 4 foundation to explain, according to their depositional control feature or tectonic activity, set up sedimentary fault tectonic framework, determine growth trap-up wherein:
5.1, according to well data, rock core information and seismic data that step 1 is collected, to each sequence in certain the basin isochronous stratigraphic framework set up by step 2, carry out integrated interpretation and the division of electrofacies in each sequence, rock core phase and seismic facies, sedimentary facies is normalized to, the corresponding geologic epoch sedimentary facies planimetric map of establishment and sectional view according to Walther’s law;
5.2, for the trap-up in certain the basin tomography screen work set up by step 4 cut each sequence of wearing, in certain basin tomography screen work that corresponding geologic epoch sedimentary facies planimetric map step 5.1 obtained and sectional view and step 4 are set up, the tomography screen work of corresponding geologic epoch is done superimposed, according in this tomography screen work just, the depositional control feature of trap-up, set up corresponding geologic epoch sedimentary fault tectonic framework, work out tectonic sedimentary planimetric map and the sectional view of each sequence corresponding geologic epoch, Fig. 6 is the tectonic sedimentary planimetric map of certain sequence corresponding geologic epoch, Fig. 7 is the tectonic sedimentary sectional view along certain seismic section.From Fig. 6 and Fig. 7,5. break 10., break 6., break is control basin boundary fault, and 2. break 10., break 9., break 8., break 7., break 6., break 5., break 4., break 3. and break is growth trap-down, and 1. break is grow trap-up.
5.3, complete in step 3.2 in the seismic section of geologic interpretation and choose some the representative seismic sections perpendicular to the main structure trend of control basin, geologic section is converted into through time and depth transfer, balanced section technique is used to make balanced cross section, the tectonic activity of forward and inverse tomography in certain the basin tomography screen work set up according to step 4, set up Various Geolcgical Ages sedimentary fault tectonic framework, Fig. 8 is certain geologic epoch balanced cross section figure along wherein certain representative seismic section, shows the profile features along this geologic epoch sedimentary fault tectonic framework of this seismic section.As shown in Figure 8,5. break is control basin boundary fault, and 2. break 5., break 4., break 3. and break is growth trap-down, and 1. disconnected be grow trap-up.
Utilize the method for above-mentioned steps 5.2 and step 5.3 all can identify the growth trap-up in certain basin.
6, the regional complex geological research for certain basin is carried out, according to areal structure stress condition and local structure system, build the tectonic geology model of the growth trap-up determined by step 5 and derivative tectonic geology model thereof, resolve the origin cause of formation growing trap-up in each tectonic geology model, instruct such basin oil-gas exploration:
6.1, the regional gravity collected according to step 1.1, magnetic survey, electrical measurement, seismic interpretation achievement data and areal geology and structural evolution achievement in research data, carry out regional complex geological research, according to areal structure stress condition and local structure system, determine that certain basin possesses and stretching areal structure stress condition and the local structure system of development growth trap-up under rift background;
6.2, according to step 6.1, build the tectonic geology model of the growth trap-up determined by step 5, resolve the origin cause of formation of this growth trap-up: Fig. 9 shows the tectonic geology model of the growth trap-up determined by step 5 built based on interpretation examples Fig. 4, in this geologic model, be held on the paleo-rock body that disconnected rock mass 1. and between breaking 2. is a synsedimentary growth, this rock mass neither the later stage intrusive body, also non-ly body is pierced through, it strictly controls the character of the tomography of growing in its both sides, by the control of this growth rock mass occurrence, disconnected 1. growth is growth trap-up, disconnected 2. growth is growth trap-down,
6.3, the derivative tectonic geology model of tectonic geology model constructed by step 6.2 is built, resolve the origin cause of formation growing trap-up in each derivative tectonic geology model: Figure 10 shows the derivative tectonic geology model one based on Fig. 9 tectonic geology model, in this geologic model, by the control of the growth rock mass occurrence be held between disconnected M and disconnected N, disconnected M and disconnected N grows for growing forward and inverse tomography respectively; Figure 11 shows the derivative tectonic geology model two based on Fig. 9 tectonic geology model, and in this geologic model, by the control of the growth rock mass occurrence be held between disconnected U and disconnected V, disconnected U and disconnected V all grows for growth trap-up; Figure 12 shows the derivative tectonic geology model three based on Fig. 9 tectonic geology model, and in this geologic model, by the control of the growth rock mass occurrence be held between disconnected X and disconnected Y, disconnected X is in " upper positive subinverse " fault properties, and disconnected Y grows for growth trap-up; Due to the diversity of growth rock mass occurrence, based on Fig. 9 tectonic geology model, can also build other derivative tectonic geology model, the present invention does not describe one by one;
6.4, according to whole tectonic geology models that step 6.2 and step 6.3 build, all can build up experimental simulation device in laboratory, reappear the cause analysis of middle-size and small-size stretching, extension rifted-basin growth trap-up, resolve the origin cause of formation wherein growing trap-up, instruct such basin oil-gas exploration.
In July, 2014 is to September, certain preparatory reconnaissance borehole implemented as shown in Figure 6 is disposed at growth trap-up in certain basin i.e. certain disconnected 1. controlled Depression Belt as shown in Figure 6 in Zhongyuan Oil Field, result is bored according to real, this Depression Belt depositional system types and hydrocarbon exploration potential and match according to of the present invention predicting the outcome, demonstrate the dependable with function of the method, illustrate that the more existing techniques and methods of the present invention has significant technical progress.

Claims (5)

1. portray a method for middle-size and small-size stretching, extension rifted-basin growth trap-up, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) district to be identified Data acquisition, and process;
(2) to the district to be identified well shake data conformed to quality requirements obtained, under Based On Sequence Stratigraphic Theory instructs, carry out sequence dividing, set up district to be identified isochronous stratigraphic framework;
(3) under the constraint of district to be identified isochronous stratigraphic framework, carry out Structure Stratigraphy interlock and explain, identify and mark off forward and inverse tomography;
(4) carry out stratum-deposition interlock to the forward and inverse tomography marked off to explain, reject wherein by the pseudo-tomography identified by mistake, set up district to be identified tomography screen work;
(5) carry out tectonic sedimentary interlock to the forward and inverse tomography in the district to be identified tomography screen work set up to explain, according to their depositional control feature or tectonic activity, set up sedimentary fault tectonic framework, determine growth trap-up wherein;
(6) according to area to be identified tectonic stress condition and local structure system, build the tectonic geology model of growth trap-up and derivative tectonic geology model thereof, resolve the origin cause of formation growing trap-up in each tectonic geology model, instruct district to be identified oil-gas exploration.
2. a kind of method of portraying middle-size and small-size stretching, extension rifted-basin growth trap-up according to claim 1, is characterized in that described district to be identified isochronous stratigraphic framework method of setting up is:
(1) according to the geological interface mark in well shake data, identify unconformity, divide electrosequence and seismic sequence;
(2) utilize the other seismic wavelet of each individual well well data, well to do theogram, demarcate the seismic geologic stratum of the seismic sequence divided;
(3) utilize individual well well data plotting to connect well profile and well shake composite profile, other to the electrosequence of division and well seismic sequence is carried out consistance and mates, set up well shake composite profile seismic sequence;
(4) in the seismic data collected, choose the some key seismic section of cross grid distribution, under the constraint of the well shake composite profile seismic sequence determined, tracking is carried out to the seismic geologic stratum demarcated and closes, set up district to be identified isochronous stratigraphic framework.
3. according to claim 1 and 2 a kind of portray middle-size and small-size stretching, extension rifted-basin growth trap-up method, it is characterized in that described identification and mark off forward and inverse tomography method be:
(1) according to connecting well profile and well shake composite profile, well and Cross-well fault are crossed in identification;
(2) according to the geology of tomography, GEOPHYSICAL RECOGNITION and identification cross well and Cross-well fault, under sequence, structure mutually constraint, the identification seismic section collected being carried out one by one to tomography is followed the trail of, and tomography point is closed; The seismic geologic stratum demarcated is followed the trail of simultaneously, seismic geologic stratum is closed, thus marks off forward and inverse tomography.
4. a kind of method of portraying middle-size and small-size stretching, extension rifted-basin growth trap-up according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described district to be identified tomography screen work method of setting up is:
(1) by paleogeographic reconstruction before district to be identified deposition, the pseudo-tomography formed by the palaeogeomorphology discrepancy in elevation is identified;
(2) by the determination of district to be identified sedimentation type, the pseudo-tomography formed by depositional phenomenon is identified;
(3) in the forward and inverse tomography marked off, reject the pseudo-tomography formed by the palaeogeomorphology discrepancy in elevation identified and the pseudo-tomography formed by depositional phenomenon, set up district to be identified tomography screen work.
5. a kind of method of portraying middle-size and small-size stretching, extension rifted-basin growth trap-up according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described growth trap-up method of determining is:
(1) according to well data, rock core information and seismic data, to each sequence in the district to be identified isochronous stratigraphic framework set up, carry out integrated interpretation and the division of electrofacies in each sequence, rock core phase and seismic facies, sedimentary facies is normalized to, the corresponding geologic epoch sedimentary facies planimetric map of establishment and sectional view according to Walther’s law;
(2) for the trap-up in district to be identified tomography screen work cut each sequence of wearing, corresponding geologic epoch sedimentary facies planimetric map and sectional view are done superimposed with the tomography screen work of corresponding geologic epoch in district to be identified tomography screen work, according to the depositional control feature of forward and inverse tomography in this tomography screen work, set up corresponding geologic epoch sedimentary fault tectonic framework, work out tectonic sedimentary planimetric map and the sectional view of each sequence corresponding geologic epoch, determine growth trap-up;
(3) in the seismic section completing geologic interpretation, choose some the representative seismic sections perpendicular to the main structure trend of control basin, geologic section is converted into through time and depth transfer, balanced section technique is used to make balanced cross section, according to the tectonic activity of forward and inverse tomography in district to be identified tomography screen work, set up Various Geolcgical Ages sedimentary fault tectonic framework, determine growth trap-up.
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