CN105238916A - Device and method for treating surface layer of metal material through plastic deformation - Google Patents
Device and method for treating surface layer of metal material through plastic deformation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of material surface modification treatment and particularly relates to a device and method for treating the surface layer of a metal material through plastic deformation. The device mainly comprises a plurality of hard alloying pellets, a die frame, a taper die, gears, bearings, a hand wheel, bolts, a dividing ruler, a rotation mechanism, a reference block and the like. According to the device and method for treating the surface layer of the metal material through the plastic deformation, a gradient micro-nano structure is prepared through a novel rolling plastic deformation technology which is used for the first time, and good properties of a gradient micro-nano structure layer are provided for the surface of the metal material, so that the combination properties of the metal material are improved. The multiple hard alloying pellets are adopted for simultaneously conducting rolling plastic deformation treatment on the surface layer of the large-area metal material, and the preparation efficiency of obtaining the gradient micro-nano structure on the surface layer of the metal material is significantly improved. The device and method for treating the surface layer of the metal material through the plastic deformation is capable of achieving efficient controllable preparation and easily achieving the industrial environment-friendly production and has good application prospects on the industrial practical application aspect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to material surface modifying processing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of apparatus and method of viscous deformation process metallic substance top layer.
Background technology
The inefficacy of metallic substance, as fatigue cracking, frictional wear and corrosion etc., often starts from material surface.To metallic substance top layer modification, obtain gradient micro nano structure layer on metallic substance top layer, the mechanical property that intensity and plasticity are mated mutually can be realized, improve the fatigue property of metallic substance simultaneously, improve the service life of component.Viscous deformation technology prepares the strong means of gradient micro nano structure, and main method has: ultrasonic shot peening, high-energy shot, surperficial ultrasonic implement treatment (UltrasonicSurfaceProcessing and UltrasonicImpactPeening), surface mechanical attrition treatment, surperficial cal rolling process, mechanical stitch process, the process of silk brush and sliding friction process etc.
There is the problems such as the large and dust polluting environment of noise in blasting technology, surperficial ultrasonic impact technology exists the problems such as power consumption, generation noise and preparation efficiency are low.Surface mechanical attrition treatment workpiece surface roughness is slightly large, and operating process is loaded down with trivial details, realize continuously and the difficulty of scale operation comparatively greatly, be difficult to meet application request, limit its popularization in the industry.
Chinese invention patent, the area on process metallic substance top layer, surface cal rolling (milling) method (application number 200710011724.6, application number 201210103152.5, application number 201310033995.7, application number 201310185394.8 and application number 201310185394.8) is less, and preparation efficiency is low.
Chinese invention patent, surface mechanical rolling depression method (application number 200710037030.X, application number 201210287363.9, application number 200920025738.8, application number 201410430544.1, application number 200810204386.2, application number 200910047694.3 and document " PengfeiChui, KangningSun, ChangSun, etal.EffectEffectofsurfacenanocrystallizationinducedbyfa stmultiplerotationrollingonmechanicalpropertiesofalowcar bonsteel.MaterialsandDesign.2012, 35:754-759 " and " Bai Tao, Li Dong, Guan Kaishu. mechanical stitch is on the impact of 304L stainless steel structure and properties. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2011, 47 (11): 1459-1463 " (end face is plane) to disclose the end face adopting rotational circle cylindrical tools, circular arc camber, at planar end surface, multiple ball or cylinder needle roller are installed) or round roller (roll) be pressed into metallic surface, produce strong viscous deformation.The whole process of these method process metal surfaces is not continuous molding, and metallic surface is bright and clean not, and preparation efficiency is low, and the difficulty realizing serialization and large-scale production is larger.
Chinese invention patent, sliding friction treatment process (application number 201110277356.6, application number 200510110985.4) discloses and adopts recirculation sliding friction, make metal material surface grain-size be refined to nano-scale, finally realize making Nano surface of metal material.The method preparation efficiency is low, surface is bright and clean not, is difficult to the requirement meeting industrial actual production.
Aforesaid method can at metallic substance Surface realization gradient micro nano structure; improve metallic substance surface performance; and then improve the over-all properties of hardware; but prepare in gradient micro nano structure in large-area metal material surface industrial scale, efficient mass and environmental friendliness and still have many deficiencies; make to form gradient micro nano structure by metallic substance top layer; improve hardware over-all properties, be difficult to obtain in industrial reality widely apply.
Summary of the invention
For deficiency of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of apparatus and method of viscous deformation process metallic substance top layer, concrete technical scheme is as follows:
The device on viscous deformation process metallic substance top layer, comprises sleeve 1, pinion(gear) 2, key 3, little bearing 4, axle 5, handwheel 6, sleeve boss 7, conical die 8, mould bases 9, bolt 10-1, sintered carbide ball 11, large bearing 12, pressure ring 13, retaining plate and axial feed mechanism 14, gland 15, lubricating and cooling system 16, master wheel 17 and axle sleeve 18;
Sleeve 1 is built with pinion(gear) 2, key 3, little bearing 4, axle 5, master wheel 17, axle sleeve 18, large bearing 12 and pressure ring 13; Axle sleeve 18, key 3 are connected successively with little bearing 4, and axle sleeve 18, pinion(gear) 2, key 3 and little bearing 4 all rotate around axle 5; Pinion(gear) 2 transmits the rotation of handwheel 6 applying by key 3, little bearing 4, axle 5 and axle sleeve 18, pinion(gear) 2 engages to transmit with master wheel 17 and rotates, the internal thread of master wheel 17 and the engagement of conical die 8 outside screw, rotary movement is converted to the tandem motion of taper sheath 8, by the endoporus conical surface in taper sheath 8, tandem motion is converted to sintered carbide ball 11 further and moves to the advance and retreat of metallic substance;
By bolt 10-1, conical die 8 is fixed on the bottom of mould bases 9; By the outside screw of sleeve boss 7 and the internal thread of mould bases 9 bottom outside, mould bases 9 is fixed on sleeve 1; Butter and multiple sintered carbide ball 11 is placed in the taper circular hole of mould bases 9; Rotating handwheel 6 can make conical die 8 travel forward together with mould bases 9; When mould bases 9 will contact with sleeve boss 7, stop operating handwheel 6, unclamp and unload the bolt 10-1 of fixing mould bases 9 and taper sheath 8; Then be rotated further handwheel 6, conical die 8 moves forward and to be separated with mould bases 9 bottom;
Retaining plate and axial feed mechanism 14 and gland 15 are positioned at the bottom of sleeve pipe 1; Heat-eliminating medium 22 is placed with in lubricating and cooling system 16.
Further, also graduated scale 10-2 and the reference block 20-1 that is installed is installed to described device:
Lay down bolt 10-1, be arranged on by measurement sleeve pipe 21 on sleeve 1, graduated scale 10-2 is connected by the bottom of screw thread with conical die 8; Be installed reference block 20-1, and rotating mechanism 19 is connected with reference block 20-1, makes reference block 20-1 rotate after startup.
Further, described reference block 20-1 is right cylinder, and the radius of its radius and metallic substance bar 20-2 is close.
Further, the radius of described sintered carbide ball 11 is 4mm ~ 15mm, and number is 6 ~ 24, the uniform taper circular hole putting into mould bases 9; The tapering of described conical die 8 endoporus is 0.1 ° ~ 1 °.
Further, each calibration of described graduated scale 10-2 evenly divided represents 0.01mm, and the precision of graduated scale is 0.01mm.
Further, described rotating mechanism 19 is lathe, possesses the function realizing metallic substance rotation, sintered carbide ball 11 and mould bases 9 axial feed and distortion lubrication simultaneously.
Further, described rotating mechanism 19 is lathe.
Utilize device as above to carry out the method for viscous deformation, comprise the steps:
A. rotating handwheel 6 makes sintered carbide ball 11 and reference block 20-1 fit, and adjustment scale position, makes the reading on graduated scale be 0;
B. unload reference block 20-1, metallic substance bar 20-2 is installed on rotating mechanism 19, design reduction in pass; Rotating handwheel 6 makes multiple sintered carbide ball 11 synchronously move to metallic substance bar 20-2, depresses metallic substance bar 20-2 simultaneously;
C. start lubricating and cooling system 16, lubrication is carried out to metallic substance bar 20-2 and sintered carbide ball 11;
D. start rotating mechanism 19, metallic substance bar 20-2 does high speed rotary motion, and sintered carbide ball 11 is along metallic substance bar 20-2 axial feed together with mould bases 9, and stone roller viscous deformation is rolled on multiple sintered carbide ball 11 pairs of metallic substance bar 20-2 top layers simultaneously;
E. step c and d hockets repeatedly, carries out multi-pass roll stone roller viscous deformation to metallic substance top layer, until form gradient micro nano structure layer on metallic substance top layer;
F. step e is rolled to the metallic substance sampling being ground into shape, adopt one or more test analysis gradient micro nano structure layers in TEM, HREM, SEM, EBSD and XRD.
Further, in step b, design reduction in pass is 0.05mm ~ 0.1mm.
Further, in steps d, the rotating speed of metallic substance bar 20-2 is 540r/min ~ 1200r/min, and the axial feeding of sintered carbide ball 11 and mould bases 9 is 60mm/min ~ 240mm/min.
Further, the thickness of described gradient micro nano structure layer is 400 μm ~ 1000 μm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the present invention utilizes first to roll and grinds viscous deformation new technology and prepare gradient micro nano structure, the excellent properties of gradient micro nano structure layer is given the surface of metallic substance, improves the over-all properties of metallic substance; The present invention adopts multiple sintered carbide ball to roll stone roller viscous deformation process to large-area metal material surface simultaneously, significantly improves the preparation efficiency obtaining gradient micro nano structure on metallic substance top layer.
2. sintered carbide ball is when metal material surface rolls stone roller viscous deformation, and be rolling resistance between the two, therefore sintered carbide ball carries out roll finish while rolling stone roller to metal material surface, any surface finish, surface quality is good.
3. utilize existing installation such as lathe etc. just can realize the present invention, without the need to specific equipment; Can realize the controlled synthesis of large-area metal material surface gradient micro nano structure layer, invest little, cost is low.Be easy to realize industrialized environment close friend produce, have a good application prospect in industrial practical application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 grinds device schematic diagram for rolling.
Fig. 2 is that rolling after mould bases is fixed to sleeve boss grinds device schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 (a) is that rolling after installing graduated scale and the reference block that is installed grinds device schematic diagram; Fig. 3 (b) is the partial enlarged drawing of graduated scale 10-2.
Fig. 4 is that metallic substance bar rolls stone roller initial stage schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that metallic substance bar rolls stone roller schematic diagram in mid-term.
Fig. 6 is for how row's sintered carbide ball rolls stone roller schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention and operating process are described in detail, will contribute to understanding the present invention, but and not mean that limiting the scope of the invention.
In accompanying drawing of the present invention, the concrete meaning of each label is as follows: 1 sleeve; 2 pinion(gear)s; 3 keys; 4 little bearings; 5 axles; 6 handwheels; 7 sleeve boss; 8 conical die; 9 mould bases; 10-1 bolt; 10-2 graduated scale; 11 sintered carbide balls; 12 large bearings; 13 pressure rings; 14 retaining plates and axial feed mechanism; 15 glands; 16 lubricating and cooling systems; 17 master wheels; 18 axle sleeves; 19 rotating mechanisms; 20-1 reference block; 20-2 metallic substance bar; 21 measure sleeve pipe; 22 heat-eliminating mediums.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the surface of multiple sintered carbide ball to metallic substance is rolled stone roller viscous deformation and is completed on lathe.Being fixed on rolling stone roller device on the middle slide plate of lathe feed change unit, realizing axial feed function; The lubrication pipeline of lathe is connected to roll grind device sleeve on, formed lubricating and cooling system; Metallic substance is installed on the chuck of lathe, realizes high speed rotary motion.
In the present invention, the device on viscous deformation process metallic substance top layer, comprises sleeve 1, pinion(gear) 2, key 3, little bearing 4, axle 5, handwheel 6, sleeve boss 7, conical die 8, mould bases 9, bolt 10-1, sintered carbide ball 11, large bearing 12, pressure ring 13, retaining plate and axial feed mechanism 14, gland 15, lubricating and cooling system 16, master wheel 17 and axle sleeve 18.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, sleeve 1 is built with pinion(gear) 2, key 3, little bearing 4, axle 5, master wheel 17, axle sleeve 18, large bearing 12 and pressure ring 13; Axle sleeve 18, key 3 are connected successively with little bearing 4, and axle sleeve 18, pinion(gear) 2, key 3 and little bearing 4 all rotate around axle 5; Pinion(gear) 2 transmits the rotation of handwheel 6 applying by key 3, little bearing 4, axle 5 and axle sleeve 18, pinion(gear) 2 engages to transmit with master wheel 17 and rotates, the internal thread of master wheel 17 and the engagement of conical die 8 outside screw, rotary movement is converted to the tandem motion of taper sheath 8, by the endoporus conical surface in taper sheath 8, tandem motion is converted to sintered carbide ball 11 further and moves to the advance and retreat of metallic substance.
By bolt 10-1, conical die 8 is fixed on the bottom of mould bases 9; By the outside screw of sleeve boss 7 and the internal thread of mould bases 9 bottom outside, mould bases 9 is fixed on sleeve 1; Butter and multiple sintered carbide ball 11 is placed in the taper circular hole of mould bases 9; Rotating handwheel 6 can make conical die 8 travel forward together with mould bases 9; When mould bases 9 will contact with sleeve boss 7, stop operating handwheel 6, unclamp and unload the bolt 10-1 of fixing mould bases 9 and taper sheath 8; Then be rotated further handwheel 6, conical die 8 moves forward and to be separated with mould bases 9 bottom.
Retaining plate and axial feed mechanism 14 and gland 15 are positioned at the bottom of sleeve pipe 1; Heat-eliminating medium 22 is placed with in lubricating and cooling system 16.
As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, lay down bolt 10-1, be arranged on by measurement sleeve pipe 21 on sleeve 1, graduated scale 10-2 is connected by the bottom of screw thread with conical die 8; Be installed on the chuck of lathe by reference block 20-1, rotate handwheel 6 and allow taper sheath 8 move forwards or backwards, make sintered carbide ball 11 be close to reference block 20-1, now the gap of reference block 20-1 and sintered carbide ball 11 is zero; Rotating graduated scale 10-2 makes the reading 0 measured on sleeve pipe 21 external diameter smallest end and graduated scale cross, and the reading 0 on graduated scale 10-2 represents that the gap width between sintered carbide ball 11 and reference block 20-1 is 0; Fine rotation handwheel 6, sintered carbide ball 11 and reference block 20-1 are not close to, and the reading negative on graduated scale 10-2 is the gap width between sintered carbide ball 11 and reference block 20-1.
Unload reference block 20-1, metallic substance bar 20-2 is installed on the chuck of lathe, design reduction in pass (0.05mm ~ 0.1mm), the reading of reduction in pass on graduated scale 10-2 is (reference block radius-metallic substance bar radius+design reduction in pass) × 100.The radius of such as reference block is 50mm, the radius 40.95mm of metallic substance bar, design reduction in pass is 0.05mm, needing to rotate handwheel makes the reading on graduated scale be (50-40.95+0.05) × 100=10, the radius of reference block 20-1 is 50mm, the radius 50.1mm of metallic substance bar, design reduction in pass is 0.05mm, needs to rotate handwheel 6 and makes the reading on graduated scale 10-2 be (50-50.1+0.05) × 100=-5.Rotating handwheel 6 makes multiple sintered carbide ball 11 synchronously move to metallic substance bar 20-2, depresses metallic substance bar 20-2 simultaneously.
Start lubricating and cooling system 16, water metalworking coolant to metallic substance bar 20-2 and sintered carbide ball 11.Start lathe, metallic substance bar 20-2 high-speed rotation, rotating speed is 540r/min ~ 1200r/min, and the axial feeding of feed change unit (sintered carbide ball) is 60mm/min ~ 240mm/min, and sintered carbide ball 11 rolls stone roller viscous deformation on the top layer of high-speed rotation metallic substance bar 20-2.
Roll after having ground a time, rotate handwheel 6, make sintered carbide ball 11 throw off metallic substance bar 20-2, metallic substance bar 20-2 exits by hand lathe handwheel from the die cavity that multiple sintered carbide ball 11 is formed.Again start lubricating and cooling system 16, water metalworking coolant to metallic substance bar 20-2 and sintered carbide ball 11.Redesign reduction in pass subsequently, carry out follow-up multi-pass and roll stone roller viscous deformation, until form gradient micro nano structure layer on metallic substance bar 20-2 surface.Sampling rolling the metallic substance bar 20-2 after grinding viscous deformation, adopting one or more test analysis metallic substance top layer gradient micro nano structures in TEM, HREM, SEM, EBSD and XRD.
As shown in Figure 6, the present invention also can adopt many row's sintered carbide balls to roll stone roller viscous deformation process to metallic substance bar, improves the preparation efficiency of gradient micro nano structure layer further.
Embodiment 1
Employing is rolled and is ground viscous deformation technology, and on horizontal lathe, viscous deformation treatment radius is the pure zirconium bar of 60mm.The Wimet radius of a ball is 12mm, and the number of sintered carbide ball is 8, and the rotating speed of pure zirconium bar is 720r/min, and the axial feeding of sintered carbide ball and mould bases is 126mm/min, and sintered carbide ball reduction in pass is 0.05mm.Employing emulsion lubrication cools, and after rolling stone roller viscous deformation to pure zirconium bar, the thickness of gradient micro nano structure layer is about 480 μm.
Embodiment 2
Employing is rolled and is ground viscous deformation technology, and on horizontal lathe, viscous deformation process specification is the pure titanium thick-wall tube of Φ 90mm × 20mm.The Wimet radius of a ball is 6mm, and the number of sintered carbide ball is 18, and the rotating speed of pure titanium thick-wall tube is 600r/min, and the axial feeding of sintered carbide ball and mould bases is 72mm/min, and sintered carbide ball reduction in pass is 0.05mm.Employing emulsion lubrication cools, and after rolling stone roller viscous deformation to pure titanium thick-wall tube, the thickness of gradient micro nano structure layer is about 415 μm.
Embodiment 3
Employing is rolled and is ground viscous deformation technology, and on horizontal lathe, viscous deformation treatment radius is the pure niobium bar of 60mm.The Wimet radius of a ball is 4mm, and the number of sintered carbide ball is 22, and the rotating speed of pure niobium bar is 960r/min, and the axial feeding of sintered carbide ball and mould bases is 180mm/min, and sintered carbide ball reduction in pass is 0.06mm.Employing emulsion lubrication cools, and after rolling stone roller viscous deformation to pure niobium bar, the thickness of gradient micro nano structure layer is about 520 μm.
Embodiment 4
Employing is rolled and is ground viscous deformation technology, and on horizontal lathe, viscous deformation treatment radius is the pure tantalum bar of 50mm.The Wimet radius of a ball is 8mm, and the number of sintered carbide ball is 8, and the rotating speed of pure tantalum bar is 1200r/min, and the axial feeding of sintered carbide ball and mould bases is 240mm/min, and sintered carbide ball reduction in pass is 0.08mm.Employing emulsion lubrication cools, and after rolling stone roller viscous deformation to pure niobium bar, the thickness of gradient micro nano structure layer is about 945 μm.
Claims (10)
1. the device on a viscous deformation process metallic substance top layer, it is characterized in that, described device comprises sleeve (1), pinion(gear) (2), key (3), little bearing (4), axle (5), handwheel (6), sleeve boss (7), conical die (8), mould bases (9), bolt (10-1), sintered carbide ball (11), large bearing (12), pressure ring (13), retaining plate and axial feed mechanism (14), gland (15), lubricating and cooling system (16), master wheel (17) and axle sleeve (18);
Sleeve (1) is built with pinion(gear) (2), key (3), little bearing (4), axle (5), master wheel (17), axle sleeve (18), large bearing (12) and pressure ring (13); Axle sleeve (18), key (3) are connected successively with little bearing (4), and axle sleeve (18), pinion(gear) (2), key (3) and little bearing (4) all rotate around axle (5); The rotation that pinion(gear) (2) is applied by key (3), little bearing (4), axle (5) and axle sleeve (18) transmission handwheel (6), pinion(gear) (2) engages to transmit with master wheel (17) and rotates, the internal thread of master wheel (17) and the engagement of conical die (8) outside screw; By bolt (10-1), conical die (8) is fixed on the bottom of mould bases (9); By the outside screw of sleeve boss (7) and the internal thread of mould bases (9) bottom outside, mould bases (9) is fixed on sleeve (1); Butter and sintered carbide ball (11) is placed in the taper circular hole of mould bases (9);
Retaining plate and axial feed mechanism (14) and gland (15) are positioned at the bottom of sleeve pipe (1); Heat-eliminating medium (22) is placed with in lubricating and cooling system (16).
2. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also installs graduated scale (10-2) and the reference block that is installed (20-1) to described device:
Lay down bolt (10-1), will measure sleeve pipe (21) and be arranged on sleeve (1), graduated scale (10-2) is connected by the bottom of screw thread with conical die (8); Be installed reference block (20-1), and rotating mechanism (19) is connected with reference block (20-1), makes reference block (20-1) rotate after startup.
3. device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described reference block (20-1) is right cylinder.
4. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the radius of described sintered carbide ball (11) is 4mm ~ 15mm, and number is 6 ~ 24, the uniform taper circular hole putting into mould bases (9); The tapering of described conical die (8) endoporus is 0.1 ° ~ 1 °.
5. device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, each calibration of described graduated scale (10-2) evenly divided represents 0.01mm, and the precision of graduated scale is 0.01mm.
6. device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described rotating mechanism (19) is lathe, possesses the function realizing metallic substance rotation, sintered carbide ball (11) and mould bases (9) axial feed and distortion lubrication simultaneously.
7. utilize the device described in any one of claim 1-6 to carry out the method for viscous deformation, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
A. rotating handwheel (6) makes sintered carbide ball (11) and reference block (20-1) fit, and adjustment scale position, makes the reading on graduated scale be 0;
B. unload reference block (20-1), metallic substance bar (20-2) is installed on rotating mechanism (19), design reduction in pass; Rotating handwheel (6) makes multiple sintered carbide ball (11) synchronously mobile to metallic substance bar (20-2), depresses metallic substance bar (20-2) simultaneously;
C. start lubricating and cooling system (16), lubrication is carried out to metallic substance bar (20-2) and sintered carbide ball (11);
D. rotating mechanism (19) is started, metallic substance bar (20-2) does high speed rotary motion, sintered carbide ball (11) and mould bases (9) are together along metallic substance bar (20-2) axial feed, and multiple sintered carbide ball (11) rolls stone roller viscous deformation to metallic substance bar (20-2) top layer simultaneously;
E. step c and d hockets repeatedly, carries out multi-pass roll stone roller viscous deformation to metallic substance top layer, until form gradient micro nano structure layer on metallic substance top layer;
F. step e is rolled to the metallic substance sampling being ground into shape, adopt one or more test analysis gradient micro nano structure layers in TEM, HREM, SEM, EBSD and XRD.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, in step b, design reduction in pass is 0.05mm ~ 0.1mm.
9. method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, in steps d, the rotating speed of metallic substance bar (20-2) is 540r/min ~ 1200r/min, and the axial feeding of sintered carbide ball (11) and mould bases (9) is 60mm/min ~ 240mm/min.
10. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the thickness of described gradient micro nano structure layer is 400 μm ~ 1000 μm.
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| CN105238916B (en) | 2017-05-17 |
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