CN108220563A - One kind realizes metal surface crystal grain refinement device and technique by high speed rotation silk - Google Patents
One kind realizes metal surface crystal grain refinement device and technique by high speed rotation silk Download PDFInfo
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- CN108220563A CN108220563A CN201810048106.7A CN201810048106A CN108220563A CN 108220563 A CN108220563 A CN 108220563A CN 201810048106 A CN201810048106 A CN 201810048106A CN 108220563 A CN108220563 A CN 108220563A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
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Abstract
A kind of device and technique that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk, the present invention relates to metal surface grain refinement technologies；It is characterized in that：The device uses five-axle linkage, and wire brush is made to realize five degree of freedom movement (3 movements, 2 rotations), any position of metal works can be reached, deformation process is carried out to surface of workpiece using the technique；The device processing accuracy can realize surface deformation strengthening to metal material surface as intermediate energy carrier without any bullet or particle, realize surface grain refinement in the micron-scale, it can be achieved that automatic business processing to surface of workpiece, technology is simple；The device treated metal works surface layer grain refinement layer depth is thick, and thinning effect becomes apparent；The device can handle large scale, metal works complex-shaped, required precision is high, and with good industrialized possibility.
Description
This research obtains Shandong Province's emphasis research and development planning item (2017GGX30129) and central colleges and universities basic scientific research business
Take special fund (18CX02090A) subsidy.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technologies of metal surface crystal grain refinement, specially a kind of to realize metal by high speed rotation silk
The device and technique of surface grain refinement, the device are carried out at deformation metal material surface by high-speed rotating wire brush
Reason makes metal surface form crystal grain refinement layer and improves bearing stress layer.
Background technology
From the point of view of the mode of metal material failure, all since metal surface, metal surface is most common for many destructions
Failure and failure mode mainly have fatigue, abrasion, corrosion, the surface property of metal material directly determines its comprehensive performance
The length of quality and service life.A large amount of studies have shown that surface grain refinement can improve intensity and the modeling of metal material
Property etc. performances, therefore deformation process induction surface layer grain refinement is carried out to metal material surface, the anti-of metal material can be improved
Fatigability, wearability, corrosion resistance improve the surface texture performance of metal material, so as to improve the comprehensive performance of metal material
And service life.
Metal material realizes surface grain refinement, and there are many approach, and one of which is surface machining processes method, to needing
The metal material surface of crystal grain refinement is wanted to apply larger repeated load, brings it about drastic deformation, the grain structure on surface leads to
It crosses the intense plastic strain of different directions generation and is gradually refined to nanoscale.Metal surface is made by local intense plastic strain
The internal flaw of tissue is largely proliferated, and substructure or recrystallization is formed, so as to fulfill crystal grain refinement.
The mechanical means of common metal material surface crystal grain refinement has the skills such as high-energy shot, mechanical stitch, mechanical lapping
Art, the metal material surface crystal grain refinement layer through-thickness obtained by above-mentioned mechanical means changes in gradient, with matrix group
There is no apparent boundaries between knitting, and will not fall off and detach, so as to greatly improve the performance of metal material, surface microstructure
Refinement is not only suitable for the entirety of material, and is used in the modification of material local surfaces.But there is also certain limitations for the above method
Property, for example, complex process, low production efficiency, it is of high cost, the size shape of workpiece is had certain limitations.
High-energy shot technology is to spray High-velocity Projectiles to material surface by compressed air shotblasting machine, and material surface is made to generate strong plasticity
Deformation forms the superficial layer with nanocrystalline structure.《The bead blasted surfaces nanosizing of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steels and its to anti-corrosion
The influence of property》Sample is found after bead and after carrying out XRD, tem analysis in one text, specimen surface crystal grain refinement, it is real
Showed making Nano surface, and induced martensitic traoformation, but with bead blasted surfaces depth increase above critical value when, size
Crystal grain gradually increases, and the volume fraction of martensite is gradually reduced.Through corrosion resistance, research shows that, treated sample is in NaCl solution
In stable corrosion and passivation film is more readily formed, resisting corrosion of chlorine ion performance significantly increases.《High-energy shot making Nano surface skill
Art improves the feasibility study of joint fatigue intensity》With《The nanometer homogenization of SS400 steel welded joints textura epidermoidea and hardness are uniform
Change is handled》In surface carried out to weld seam carry out high-energy shot processing, and carried out XRD, TEM, sem analysis and fatigue test, tied
Fruit shows that sample forms size uniform and the nanocrystal of whereabouts random distribution, and weld seam table after high-energy shot is handled
Layer hardness is consistent, and far above the hardness of before processing, and improves fatigue strength.The advantages of this technology, is the scope of application
Extensively, complex-shaped workpieces can be strengthened；Shortcoming is can only generally to realize local strengthening.
Mechanical stitch technology is by driving special rolling tools (usually hardened steel, hard alloy and ruby
Wait the tool of the shapes such as ball, ball or idler wheel made of high hardness materials) it is back and forth rolled in piece surface, so as to make metal watch
Face crystal grain refinement.By finding that " friction and rolling prepares metal-surface nano to Chinese invention patent to the literature search of the prior art
The method of layer ", publication number：101445862, publication date on June 3rd, 2009, the patent relates to a kind of thin by mechanical stitch
Change the technology of metal surface crystal grain, workpiece after processing obtains the crystal grain refinement layer that crystallite dimension is less than 100nm.The technique
The roughness of surface of workpiece can significantly be reduced, be suitable for handling axis class, sleeve type workpiece surfaces externally and internally, shortcoming
It is the metal works that can not handle complicated shape.
The operation principle of surface mechanical attrition technology is that sample is fixed on to the upper vessel portion for a large amount of cannonballs of draining the oil, and is held
Device lower part and vibration generating arrangement necklace, a large amount of bullets vibration at high speed in container during work, and surface occurs with sample at random
It collides, under a large amount of bullet impacts, the intense plastic strain that material surface generates is that surface layer grain is gradually refined to nanometer
Grade.The advantages of this method is that equipment is simple, and parameter is easy to control, and bullet is relatively large in diameter, and can form the larger Nanosurface of thickness and receive
Riceization layer；Sample is needed to be placed in closed container when shortcoming is work, workpieces processing size receives limitation.
It can be seen that increasingly ripe in China surface machining processes method, a variety of different methods can be thin
Change metal surface crystal grain, form nanometer layer.The above method has oneself unique advantage, but has some disadvantages.
Wire brush deformation technology is metal surface to be made to generate by force by using wire brush high speed rotation processing metal material surface
Strong plastic deformation realizes crystal grain refinement, so as to obtain the technology of nanometer layer.《Surface nanocrystallization induced by severe plastic deformation using high-speed rotation wire-brushing》In one text
Using the homemade high speed rotation silk plastic deformation device of common electric angle grinder, surface of low-carbon steel has been carried out at plastic deformation
Reason, forms the crystal grain refinement layer of 40 μm of thickness, and surface layer grain minimum dimension is about 16nm, and surface layer microhardness significantly improves,
Treated, and workpiece surface roughness Ra is about 10 μm.The technical matters is simple, low for equipment requirements, it is only necessary to wire wheel
It realizes, production cost is low.But by being found to the literature search of existing paper and patent, the domestic research about this technology is very
It is few.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, propose a kind of by high speed rotation silk realization metal surface
The device and technique of crystal grain refinement, the device precision are high, can to large scale, the metal works that complex-shaped, precision is high into
Row surface grain refinement not only can locally carry out metal works severe plastic deformation, while may also be ensured that this deformation
Surface grain refinement is realized with higher strain rate, improves production efficiency, and without any bullet or particle as intermediate
Energy carrier can realize metal material surface high energy surface mechanical processing.Using the metal surface after the process more
Add smooth, mechanical property is more excellent, therefore with good industrialized possibility.
A kind of device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk, the present invention is by the following technical programs
It realizes:
A kind of device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk, including pedestal, column, crossbeam, X-axis fortune
Dynamic component, Y-axis moving parts, Z axis moving parts, C axis moving parts, B axle moving parts, XY shaft coupling pieces, XZ shaft coupling pieces,
Steel wire brush assemblies.Its central post is mounted on pedestal, and the two root posts of non-operative end are connected by crossbeam fixes；X-axis exercise group
Part is mounted on X-axis crossbeam and is connect with column, and Y-axis moving parts are mounted on Y-axis crossbeam to be connected with X-axis by XY shaft coupling pieces
It connects, Z axis moving parts are mounted on Z axis column and are connected by XZ shaft coupling pieces 1, XZ shaft coupling pieces 2, the installation of C axis moving parts
It is connected on U-shaped head by retarder pedestal with Z axis, B axle is mounted on U-shaped head, and steel wire brush assemblies are mounted in B axle.
Workbench is installed, column shares 6, is bolted respectively with pedestal, is arranged in bottom on the pedestal
Seat both sides, two root posts and the crossbeam of pedestal non-operative end are bolted to connection.
The Y-axis moving parts, including Y-axis crossbeam, Y-axis retarder and motor, Y-axis ball-screw, Y-axis shaft coupling, Y
Bearing housing, Y-axis the linear guide.Y-axis crossbeam shares 2, and there is mounting base in lower end, is bolted company with 3 root posts respectively
It connects；Y-axis crossbeam upper end is equipped with 2 bearing blocks, and Y-axis ball-screw is fixed by 2 bearing blocks, and one end passes through Y-axis shaft coupling
It is connected with retarder and motor；Y-axis crossbeam one end is provided with notch, places retarder in notch and motor, retarder pass through stent
On Y-axis crossbeam；Y-axis crossbeam upper end is equipped with 2 the linear guides, and 2 guide rail slide blocks are housed in each the linear guide.
The XY shaft coupling pieces, Y-axis crossbeam and X-axis crossbeam are linked together.There are 4 installations in XY shaft coupling pieces lower end
Seat, is bolted to connection respectively with the guide rail slide block in Y-axis the linear guide, position and Y-axis among XY shaft coupling pieces lower end
Lead screw pair connection on ball-screw；XY shaft coupling pieces upper end with X-axis with being bolted connection.
The X-axis moving parts, including X-axis crossbeam, X-axis retarder and motor, X-axis ball-screw, X-axis shaft coupling, X
Bearing housing, X-axis the linear guide.X-axis crossbeam both ends are equipped with through-hole, and upper end is equipped with 2 bearing blocks, and X-axis ball-screw passes through 2
A bearing block is fixed, and one end is connected by X-axis shaft coupling with retarder and motor；X-axis crossbeam one end is provided with notch, is put in notch
Retarder and motor are put, retarder is mounted on by stent on X-axis crossbeam；X-axis crossbeam upper end is equipped with 1 the linear guide, side
End is equipped with 1 the linear guide, and 2 guide rail slide blocks are housed in each the linear guide.
The XZ shaft coupling pieces, X-axis crossbeam and Z axis column are connected, including XZ shaft coupling pieces 1 and XZ axis connections
Part 2.1 transverse slat part of XZ shaft coupling pieces respectively with leading in the lead screw pair of X-axis ball-screw and the linear guide of X-axis crossbeam upper end
Rail sliding block is connected, and the riser portion of XZ shaft coupling pieces 1 is connect with the guide rail slide block in the linear guide of X-axis crossbeam side, above-mentioned
It is to be bolted；XZ shaft coupling pieces 2 are mounted on XZ shaft coupling pieces 1, and the lead screw pair of Z axis ball-screw is mounted on XZ axis connections
On part 2, the guide rail slide block in Z axis the linear guide is mounted on XZ shaft coupling pieces 2, and Z axis hydraulic cylinders bearing is mounted on XZ axis connections
On part 2.
The Z axis moving parts, including Z axis column, Z axis motor, Z axis motor support base, Z axis belt wheel, Z axis ball wire
Thick stick, Z axis bearing block, Z axis the linear guide, Z axis hydraulic cylinder, Z axis hydraulic cylinders bearing.Z axis the upper end of the column is equipped with motor support base, Z axis
Motor is mounted on Z axis motor support base, passes through Z axis bearing block equipped with 2 Z axis bearing blocks, Z axis ball-screw on the inside of Z axis column
Support is fixed, and Z axis motor is that key connects with belt wheel by Z axis band wheel drive Z axis ball-screw, Z axis motor and Z axis ball-screw
It connects；2 the linear guides on the inside of Z axis column are housed, there are 2 guide rail slide blocks in each the linear guide；Z axis column both sides are equipped with Z
Axis hydraulic cylinder.
The C axis moving parts include C axle motor, C axis retarders pedestal, C axis speed reducer assembly, U-shaped head.C axis subtracts
Fast device pedestal is bolted on Z axis column lower end, and C axis speed reducer assembly is mounted on C axis retarder pedestals, C axle motor
It is installed together with C axis speed reducer assemblies, C axle motor and C axis speed reducer assembly are inside Z axis column；U-shaped head is mounted on C
Axis speed reducer assembly lower end, U-shaped head can be in the rotation of 360 ° of XY faces under the driving of C axle motor.
The B axle moving parts include B axle motor, B axle bearing, B axle sleeve, B axle bearing (ball) cover, B axle hollow shaft.B
Spindle motor is installed bearing end on the outside of U-shaped head and is covered, and is key connection with B axle hollow shaft, U-shaped head both sides are provided with macropore, Kong Shanggu
Surely there is B axle sleeve, pass through B axle bearing fixation B axle hollow shaft in B axle sleeve；Steel wire brush motor is consolidated by the B axle hollow shaft at both ends
Fixed connection, can do 270 ° of rotations under the driving of B axle motor in YZ faces.
The wire brush moving parts include steel wire brush motor, wire brush connecting shaft, wire brush.Steel wire brush motor is installed
In U-shaped head, wire brush is connected with steel wire brush motor by wire brush connecting shaft, and wire brush is done under the drive of steel wire turbin generator
High speed rotation.
As an optimization, the pedestal, column, crossbeam, X-axis crossbeam, Y-axis crossbeam, Z axis column, XY shaft coupling pieces, XZ axis
Connector 1, XZ shaft coupling pieces 2, U-shaped head are cast member, it is possible to reduce device trembling and deform at work；It is and above-mentioned
Cast member is provided with lightening hole, can in the case where not influencing device precision and performance alleviator dead weight；In above-mentioned portion
The connecting portion of part and other component has positioning table.
As an optimization, the X-axis crossbeam, Y-axis crossbeam one end are provided with notch, using right angle type speed reducer, servo motor
Inside X-axis crossbeam, Y-axis crossbeam, the safety of device is improved under the premise of X, Y-axis stroke is not influenced, reduces device
Taken up space.
As an optimization, the rigidity for enhancing X-axis crossbeam, Reducing distortion amount improve device performance and precision, in X-axis crossbeam
It is provided on the face of lightening hole and is cast with reinforcing rib, and reinforcing rib is also cast with inside X-axis crossbeam, through theoretical calculation, X-axis deflection
In the range of error permission.
As an optimization, 2 X-axis the linear guides are separately mounted to the upper end and side of X-axis crossbeam.
As an optimization, Z axis column, be provided with threading hole, C axle motor, B axle motor and steel wire inside C axis speed reducer assemblies
The electric wire of brush motor passes through from threading hole.
As an optimization, reinforcing rib is cast on the outside of U-shaped head, improves the rigidity of structure, U-shaped head both sides are provided with large diameter hole, are convenient for
The installation of steel wire brush motor.
The usefulness of apparatus of the present invention, compared with prior art：
The device integral installation, using integral structure, since X-axis stroke is long and X-axis has deformation, is led on pedestal
It crosses and turning is carried out to workbench can ensure the absolute parallel of X-axis and workbench, so as to ensure the precision of device.
The device uses five-axle linkage, and wire brush is made to realize five degree of freedom movement, can handle the outer of complicated metal works
Surface；Workbench is sufficiently large, and wire brush high speed rotation, it can be ensured that this deformation realizes surface with higher strain rate
Crystal grain refinement, therefore the device can also handle large-size workpiece；The device can also handle metal works weld seam etc. simultaneously.
The device, by being in direct contact processing, does not need to other energy loading gages such as bullet or particle when handling metal works
The parameters such as body, contact are convenient for control；It can be selected according to metal works shape, size and processing requirement different size of
Wire wheel can both have been realized and metal works are carried out with whole processing, can also carry out Local treatment to metal works.
The crystal grain refinement thickness of usual metal surface is generally in some tens of pm, and the amount of plastic deformation smaller of metal works,
The working process precision of the device in the micron-scale, therefore can ensure the precision of metal works after processing.
The batch processing metal works that the device can automate, therefore realize industrialized production with larger potentiality.
A kind of technique that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk provided by the invention, characterization step is such as
Under：
Metal works are fixed on the table, and wire brush is contacted with certain compression P with surface of workpiece, in steel wire
Under the drive of brush motor, wire brush high speed rotation, while wire brush is with fixed rate v1Metal surface movement is being parallel to, at this time
Metal surface not only compression chord, is also acted on by shearing force, metal surface is made to generate severe plastic deformation, so as to fulfill metal
Surface grain refinement.
Wherein, the wire brush is total to five degree of freedom, can realize that tri- axis of X, Y, Z moves, XY, YZ face rotation, according to workpiece
The difference of shape, wire brush can reach any surface that metal works needs are processed.
The diameter D of the wire brush can be adjusted according to the form and dimension of processing metal works, the steel of wire brush
The length l and diameter d of silk will ensure identical, it is ensured that the compression and shearing force that surface of workpiece is subject at work are allowing
It floats in error range, wire wheel material has stainless steel, brass, copper facing etc., according to the material of the metal works of processing and surface
Hardness is selected.
The wire wheel no-load speed v2Not less than 10000r/min, movement speed of the wire wheel when handling metal works
Control is between 1~5mm/s, and the processing time of surface of workpiece everywhere, wire wheel was to pending between 5~10min
50~100N of static pressure range of surface of workpiece.
The metal works can be carbon steel, be heated using normalizing, 1~1.5min be heated according to 1mm thickness, by metal work
The control of part temperature in Ae3~Ar3 (Ae3~ferrite transformation equilibrium temperature, ferrite transformation start temperature during Ar3~cooling),
Metal works tissue is made to be in phase change zone, then constant temperature is kept by surface flame attemperator, carries out workpiece surface processing.
Usefulness of the present invention is, compared with prior art：
Research significance of the present invention mainly realizes that metal surface is brilliant in existing high-energy shot, mechanical stitch, mechanical lapping etc.
On the basis of grain refinement technology, provide that a kind of the operation is more convenient, application range wider array of metal surface crystal grain refinement processing
New method further expands the processing method and application range of metal surface grain refinement technology.
Compression P that wire wheel can ensure that wire wheel applies surface of workpiece is controlled not by foregoing invention device
Become, rate travel v1It is constant, it may insure that metal material surface crystal grain refinement is uniform in this way, while in the complicated metal works of processing
It is used during surface, the wire wheel controlled by mechanical arm can flexibly reach any position of workpiece, both can be to metal
Any local location of workpiece is handled, and can also handle entire metal works, treatment effeciency is high, after the process
Metal material surface structural behaviour is more excellent, has longer service life.
The surface of more material metal works can be handled by the wire wheel for choosing unlike material, different size, it is only necessary to
Set of device processing unlike material, metal works of different shapes can be realized by replacing different wire wheels, and operation is flexible, letter
Just.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the three dimensional structure diagram of apparatus of the present invention；
The front view of 1 shown device of Fig. 2 bitmaps；
Fig. 3 is the partial schematic diagram of Z axis moving parts in Fig. 1 shown devices；
Fig. 4 is the partial schematic diagram of C axis, B axle and wire brush moving parts in Fig. 1 shown devices；
In figure：1st, pedestal 2, column 3, Y-axis ball-screw 4, XY shaft coupling pieces 5, crossbeam 6, Y-axis crossbeam
7th, X-axis retarder and motor 8, Y-axis the linear guide 9, Y-axis shaft coupling 10, Y-axis retarder and motor 11, Y-axis bearing
Seat 12, X-axis crossbeam 13, X-axis shaft coupling 14, X-axis ball-screw 15, X-axis the linear guide 16, XZ shaft coupling pieces 2
17th, XZ shaft coupling pieces 1 18, Z axis hydraulic cylinder 19, Z axis column 20, Z axis motor 21, Z axis motor support base 22, X-axis
Bearing block 23, Z axis hydraulic cylinders bearing 24, Z axis belt wheel 25, Z axis ball-screw 26, Z axis bearing block 27, Z axis straight line
Guide rail 28, C axle motor 29, C axis retarders pedestal 30, C axis speed reducer assembly 31, U-shaped head 32, B axle sleeve
33rd, B axle bearing (ball) cover 34, B axle hollow shaft 35, wire brush connecting shaft 36, wire brush 37, B axle motor 38, B axle
Bearing 39, steel wire brush motor；
Fig. 5 is the metallographic group for the surface of workpiece that Q235 steel is handled after normalizing is heat-treated by high speed rotation silk again
Knit the metallographic structure figure (b) inside figure (a) and metal works.
Specific embodiment
A kind of embodiment for the device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk
As shown in figures 1-4, a kind of device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk, including：Pedestal
(1), column (2), Y-axis ball-screw (3), XY shaft coupling pieces (4), crossbeam (5), Y-axis crossbeam (6), X-axis retarder and motor
(7), Y-axis the linear guide (8), Y-axis shaft coupling (9), Y-axis retarder and motor (10), Y-axis bearing block (11), X-axis crossbeam
(12), X-axis shaft coupling (13), X-axis ball-screw (14), X-axis the linear guide (15), XZ shaft coupling pieces 2 (16), XZ shaft coupling pieces
1 (17), Z axis hydraulic cylinder (18), Z axis column (19), Z axis motor (20), Z axis motor support base (21), X-axis bearing block (22), Z axis
Hydraulic cylinders bearing (23), Z axis belt wheel (24), Z axis ball-screw (25), Z axis bearing block (26), Z axis the linear guide (27), C axis
Motor (28), C axis retarder pedestals (29), C axis speed reducer assembly (30), U-shaped head (31), B axle sleeve (32), B axle bearing end
Cover (33), B axle hollow shaft (34), wire brush connecting shaft (35), wire brush (36), B axle motor (37), B axle bearing (38), steel wire
Brush motor (39).
Y-axis retarder and the driving device that motor (10) is apparatus of the present invention Y-axis stroke, Y-axis ball-screw (3) are Y-axis
Transmission device, pass through Y-axis shaft coupling (8) and transmit the rotating torque that Y-axis retarder and motor (10) export, Y-axis ball-screw
(3) it rotates, the lead screw pair in Y-axis ball-screw (3) drives XY shaft coupling pieces (4) and its component carried to do straight line
Movement, Y-axis the linear guide (8) play the role of support with being oriented to.
X-axis retarder and the driving device that motor (7) is X-axis stroke, X-axis ball-screw (14) are the transmission of X-axis stroke
Device transmits the rotating torque that X-axis retarder and motor (7) export by X-axis shaft coupling (13), and X-axis ball-screw (14) is done
Rotary motion, the lead screw pair in X-axis ball-screw (14) drive XZ shaft coupling pieces 1 (17) and its component carried to do straight line fortune
Dynamic, X-axis the linear guide (15) plays the role of support with being oriented to.
Driving device of the Z axis motor (20) for Z axis stroke, transmission device of the Z axis ball-screw (25) for Z axis stroke, two
Person connects transmission rotating torque by Z axis belt wheel (24), and Z axis ball-screw (25) rotates, due to Z axis ball-screw
(25) lead screw pair is mounted on XZ shaft coupling pieces 2 (16), and XZ shaft coupling pieces 2 (16) are fixed on one with XZ shaft coupling pieces 1 (17)
It rises, therefore the lead screw pair of Z axis ball-screw (25) follows ZX shaft coupling pieces 1 (17) to do X-axis stroke motion, the nothing on Z axis stroke
Movement, so Z axis ball-screw (25) drives Z axis column (19) to move in a straight line, so as to fulfill the movement of X-axis stroke, Z axis rolling
Ballscrew (27) and Z axis hydraulic cylinder (18) play the role of support and guiding.
C axle motor (28) is the driving device of C axis strokes, and deceleration torque, C axis are carried out by C axis speed reducer assembly (30)
U-shaped head (31) is installed in retarder (30) lower end, makes U-shaped head (31) that can do 360 ° of rotations in XY faces.
B axle motor (37) is the driving device of B axle stroke, and B axle motor (37) drives wire brush by B axle hollow shaft (34)
Motor (39) rotates, and steel wire brush motor (39) can do 270 ° of rotations in YZ faces, and steel wire brush motor (39) is connected by wire brush
Axis (35) makes wire brush (36) do high speed rotation.
The driving device for controlling each stroke motion is servo motor, is automated by programming realization device, joined in five axis
Under dynamic, wire brush can reach the arbitrary outer surface of workpiece.
A kind of embodiment for the technique that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk.
Below in conjunction with example, attached drawing to the detailed description of the invention.
Metal sample is Q235 common carbon structural steels, and metal works are heated to 1150 DEG C and are kept the temperature, are being cooled to 840 DEG C
Afterwards, metal structure is made to be in phase change zone, metal works are fixed on work top and starts flame attemperator, wire wheel material
Matter is stainless steel, and diameter D is 100mm, thickness 10mm, then wire brush is controlled to be contacted with metal works, wire brush and metal
The contact of workpiece is 60N；Start motor, wire brush no-load speed is 12000r/min, wire wheel is not moved herein, to gold
5min is persistently handled at the one of metal work-pieces surface.Metallographic examination is made after the processes processing such as polished to treated metal works
Sample, metallograph are as shown in Figure 5.It can be seen that the ferritic structure pattern in the depth of 150 μm~200 μm of metal works sample surface layer
Apparent variation, grain shape rule and size uniform has occurred.The depth of crystal grain refinement layer increases, and thinning effect is more bright
Aobvious, crystallite dimension shows more perfect gradient transition, and crystallite dimension has reached nanometer in the range of 40 μm or so of surface layer
Rank, experimental result surface the method for the present invention can realize metal material surface crystal grain refinement.
For the ordinary skill in the art, introduction according to the present invention, do not depart from the principle of the present invention with
In the case of spirit, the changes, modifications, replacement and the deformation that are carried out to embodiment still fall within protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk, including pedestal (1), column (2), crossbeam
(5), X-axis moving parts, Y-axis moving parts, Z axis moving parts, C axis moving parts, B axle moving parts, XY shaft coupling pieces
(4), XZ shaft coupling pieces, steel wire brush assemblies, for central post (2) on pedestal (1), the two root posts of non-operative end pass through horizontal stroke
Beam (5) connection is fixed；X-axis moving parts are mounted on X-axis crossbeam (12) and are connect with column (2), and Y-axis moving parts are mounted on Y
It is connect on axis crossbeam (6) with X-axis by XY shaft coupling pieces (4), Z axis moving parts, which are mounted on Z axis column (19), passes through XZ axis
Connector 1 (17), XZ shaft coupling pieces 2 connect (16), and C axis moving parts, which are mounted on U-shaped head (31), passes through C axis retarder pedestals
(29) it is connected with Z axis column (19), B axle moving parts are mounted on U-shaped head (31), and steel wire brush assemblies are mounted on B axle exercise group
On part.
2. a kind of device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk according to profit requires 1, feature exist
In：Y-axis moving parts, including Y-axis crossbeam (6), Y-axis retarder and motor (10), Y-axis ball-screw (3), Y-axis shaft coupling
(9), Y-axis bearing block (11), Y-axis the linear guide (8), Y-axis crossbeam (6) share 2, and there is mounting base in lower end, respectively with 3 root posts
(2) it is bolted to connection；Y-axis crossbeam (6) upper end is equipped with 2 bearing blocks (11), and Y-axis ball-screw (3) passes through 2 axis
Bearing (11) is fixed, and one end is connected by Y-axis shaft coupling (9) with retarder and motor (10)；Y-axis crossbeam (6) one end is provided with scarce
Mouthful, retarder and motor (10) are placed in notch, retarder is mounted on by stent on Y-axis crossbeam (6)；Y-axis crossbeam (6) upper end
2 the linear guides (8) are installed, 2 guide rail slide blocks are housed on each the linear guide (8).
3. a kind of device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk according to profit requires 1, feature exist
In：X-axis moving parts, including X-axis crossbeam (12), X-axis retarder and motor (10), X-axis ball-screw (14), X-axis shaft coupling
(13), X-axis bearing block (11), X-axis the linear guide (15), X-axis crossbeam (12) both ends are equipped with through-hole, and upper end is equipped with 2 bearings
Seat (11), X-axis ball-screw (14) is fixed by 2 bearing blocks (11), and one end passes through X-axis shaft coupling (13) and retarder and electricity
Machine (10) is connected；X-axis crossbeam (12) one end is provided with notch, places retarder and motor (10) in notch, retarder passes through stent
On X-axis crossbeam (12)；X-axis crossbeam (12) upper end is equipped with 1 the linear guide (15), and side is equipped with 1 the linear guide
(15), 2 guide rail slide blocks are housed in each the linear guide.
4. a kind of device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk according to profit requires 1, feature exist
In：Z axis moving parts, including Z axis column (19), Z axis motor (20), Z axis motor support base (21), Z axis belt wheel (24), Z axis rolling
Ballscrew (25), Z axis bearing block (22), Z axis the linear guide (27), Z axis hydraulic cylinder (18), Z axis hydraulic cylinders bearing (23), Z axis
Column (19) upper end is equipped with Z axis motor support base (21), and Z axis motor (20) is on Z axis motor support base (21), Z axis column
(19) inside is supported by Z axis bearing block (22) and fixed equipped with 2 Z axis bearing blocks (22), Z axis ball-screw (25), Z axis motor
(20) Z axis ball-screw (25) is driven by Z axis belt wheel (24), Z axis motor (20) and Z axis ball-screw (25) are with belt wheel
Key connection；2 the linear guides (27) on the inside of Z axis column (19) are housed, there are 2 guide rail slide blocks on each the linear guide (27)；Z axis
Column (19) both sides are equipped with Z axis hydraulic cylinder (18).
5. a kind of device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk according to profit requires 1, feature exist
In：C axis moving parts include C axle motor (28), C axis retarder pedestals (29), C axis speed reducer assembly (30), U-shaped head (31), C
Axis retarder pedestal (29) is bolted on Z axis column (19) lower end, and C axis speed reducer assembly (30) slows down mounted on C axis
On device pedestal (29), C axle motor (28) is installed together with C axis speed reducer assembly (30), C axle motor (28) and C axis retarders
Assembly (30) is internal in Z axis column (19)；U-shaped head (31) is mounted on C axis speed reducer assembly (30) lower end, in C axle motor
(28) U-shaped head (31) can be in the rotation of 360 ° of XY faces under driving.
6. a kind of device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk according to profit requires 1, feature exist
In：It is hollow that B axle moving parts include B axle motor (37), B axle bearing (28), B axle sleeve (32), B axle bearing (ball) cover (33), B axle
Axis (34), B axle motor (37) are installed on the outside of U-shaped head (31) on bearing (ball) cover (33), with B axle hollow shaft (34) to be keyed, U
Type head (31) both sides are provided with macropore, and B axle sleeve (32) is fixed on hole, passes through B axle bearing (28) fixation B in B axle sleeve (32)
Shaft hollow axis (34)；Steel wire brush motor (39) is fixedly connected by the B axle hollow shaft (34) at both ends, the drive in B axle motor (37)
270 ° of rotations can be done in YZ faces under dynamic；It is a kind of thin by high speed rotation silk realization metal surface crystal grain according to profit requires 1
The device of change, it is characterised in that：Wire brush moving parts include steel wire brush motor (39), wire brush connecting shaft (35), wire brush
(36), steel wire brush motor is mounted in U-shaped head (31), and wire brush (36) passes through wire brush connecting shaft with steel wire brush motor (39)
(35) it is connected, wire brush (36) does high speed rotation under the drive of steel wire brush motor (35).
7. a kind of technique that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk, includes the following steps：Metal works are fixed
On the table, wire brush is total to five degree of freedom, can realize that tri- axis of X, Y, Z moves, XY, YZ face rotation, according to workpiece shapes
Difference, wire brush can reach any surface that metal works needs are processed, and wire brush is with certain compression P and metal works
Surface contacts, under the drive of steel wire brush motor, wire brush high speed rotation, while wire brush is with fixed rate v1It is being parallel to gold
Metal surface moves, and metal surface not only compression chord, is also acted on by shearing force at this time, and metal surface is made to generate violent plasticity and is become
Shape, so as to fulfill metal surface crystal grain refinement.
8. a kind of technique that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk according to profit requires 7, feature exist
In：The diameter D of wire brush can be adjusted according to the form and dimension of processing metal works, the length l of the steel wire of wire brush
To ensure with diameter d identical, it is ensured that the compression and shearing stress that surface of workpiece is subject at work are in allowable error range
Interior floating, wire wheel material have stainless steel, brass, copper facing etc., are carried out according to the material of the metal works of processing and case hardness
Selection.
9. a kind of technique that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk according to profit requires 7, feature exist
In：The wire wheel no-load speed v2Not less than 10000r/min, movement speed control of the wire wheel when handling metal works
Between 1~5mm/s, the processing time of surface of workpiece everywhere, wire wheel was to pending metal between 5~10min
50~100N of static pressure range of workpiece surface.
10. a kind of technique that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk according to profit requires 7, feature exist
In：The metal works can be carbon steel, be heated using normalizing, 1~1.5min be heated according to 1mm thickness, by metal works temperature
Degree control makes gold in Ae3~Ar3 (Ae3~ferrite transformation equilibrium temperature, ferrite transformation start temperature during Ar3~cooling)
Metal work-pieces crystal grain is in phase change zone, then keeps constant temperature by surface flame attemperator, carries out workpiece surface processing.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110125733A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-16 | 四川欧瑞特光电科技有限公司 | A kind of optical element process equipment |
| CN112662854A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-16 | 天津大学 | Automatic ultrasonic shot blasting device and method for processing metal sheet |
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| CN2644060Y (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2004-09-29 | 江苏多棱数控机床股份有限公司 | Numerical controlled large milling machine of five shaft linkage |
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| CN110125733A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-16 | 四川欧瑞特光电科技有限公司 | A kind of optical element process equipment |
| CN112662854A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-16 | 天津大学 | Automatic ultrasonic shot blasting device and method for processing metal sheet |
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Application publication date: 20180629 |