CN105225907B - A kind of coaxial window construction of wideband high-power - Google Patents
A kind of coaxial window construction of wideband high-power Download PDFInfo
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- CN105225907B CN105225907B CN201510598420.9A CN201510598420A CN105225907B CN 105225907 B CN105225907 B CN 105225907B CN 201510598420 A CN201510598420 A CN 201510598420A CN 105225907 B CN105225907 B CN 105225907B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of coaxial window construction of wideband high-power, belongs to vacuum electron device microwave energy transmission window technical field.On the basis of the coaxial window of traveling wave, ceramic window both sides introduce one section of air or vacuum gap, produce additional capacitor using therefore caused coaxial outer conductor ladder, realize the impedance matching at window center jointly with matching diaphragm.The coaxial window of this structure radius, thickness and the position of diaphragm, can realize the traveling wave in the impedance matching and window at window, thus have big power capacity by adjusting the gap thickness of ceramic window both sides；Meanwhile the gap thickness of ceramic window both sides can be adjusted, reduce diaphragm radius, reach the purpose for reducing electric field near diaphragm, and the coaxial window of this structure has broader bandwidth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vacuum electron device microwave energy transmission window technical field, and in particular to a kind of coaxial window of wideband high-power
Structure.
Background technology
Microwave energy transmission window is one of critical component of vacuum electron device, its function be by the high vacuum environment in device with
Extraneous atmospheric environment isolation, while high frequency power is tried one's best and small is transferred to load or antenna reflectingly.The property of microwave energy transmission window
There can be material impact to the frequency band of device, power capacity, reliability and life-span.
In the large-scale high power devices such as electron linear accelerator, international linear collider, neutron spallation source, it is commonly used
Coaxial window.These high power devices require that coaxial window can transmit hundreds of kilowatts to more than hundred megawatts of power, without electricity occurs
Breakdown, Secondary-emission multipbcation etc. cause the phenomenon that ceramic window fails.Simplest coaxial window is the coaxial window of half-wavelength, is coaxial
It is half of waveguide wavelength (t=λ ' that one section of thickness t is inserted in lineg/ 2) ceramic window, λ 'gFor the waveguide of assigned frequency in window
Wavelength.To the assigned frequency, window is fully transparent, and electromagnetic wave can with areflexia pass through.The window of this coaxial window of half-wavelength
Surface field is bigger, easily causes ceramic electrical breakdown and multipactor and causes the failure of microwave window.In order to
The electric field on ceramic window surface is reduced, has developed the coaxial window of traveling wave.The coaxial window of traveling wave in the both sides of ceramic window by matching perception
Or the matching element of capacitive, adjust the size and its distance with ceramic window of matching element so that the input on window surface
Impedance is equal with the characteristic impedance of window, so as to realize the transmission of the areflexia of electromagnetic wave at window.The coaxial window of half-wavelength and row
The structure of the coaxial window of ripple is shown in Fig. 1 with Electric Field Distribution schematic diagram.The window surface field of the coaxial window of half-wavelength is bigger, in ceramic window
The ripple of propagation is standing wave (the characteristics of standing wave：Electric field amplitude has node and antinode).Propagated in the ceramic window of the coaxial window of traveling wave
Ripple be traveling wave (traveling wave feature：The amplitude of electric field is flat), the electric field on window surface is than relatively low, it is possible to prevente effectively from the electricity of window
Breakdown and multipactor, improve power capacity.Meanwhile the window thickness of the coaxial window of traveling wave influences on the standing-wave ratio of window
It is smaller, thicker window can be selected to meet the requirement of machinery and sealing strength.
The structure of the coaxial window of half-wavelength coaxial line and the coaxial window of half-wavelength as shown in Fig. 2 be made up of.The coaxial window knot of traveling wave
Structure coaxial inner conductor 1, coaxial outer conductor 2, ceramic window 3 with microwave matching element 4 as shown in figure 3, be made up of.Use
Microwave matching element is that certain thickness metallic membrane is introduced on coaxial inner conductor, by adjusting diaphragm radius, diaphragm thickness
And the distance at diaphragm and window center realizes that areflexia of the assigned frequency electromagnetic wave at window center is transmitted.This structure it is same
Although axle traveling wave window effectively reduces the electric field on window surface, but in order to realize impedance matching, the outer radius ratio of matching diaphragm
It is larger, easily cause the electric field near matching diaphragm too big and cause sparking or electric field breakdown.Meanwhile the coaxial row of this structure
Ripple curtain heading tape is wide narrow, is suitable only for being used in the vacuum electron device not high to bandwidth requirement.To bandwidth and power requirement all
It is not competent to compare high occasion.
The content of the invention
In order to effectively reduce the electric field near matching diaphragm, while bandwidth is taken into account, the present invention proposes a kind of big work(in broadband
The coaxial window construction of rate.On the basis of the coaxial window of traveling wave shown in Fig. 3, one section of air or vacuum space are introduced in ceramic window both sides
Gap, additional capacitor is produced using therefore caused coaxial outer conductor ladder, realizes the impedance at window center jointly with matching diaphragm
Matching.The coaxial window of this structure can be by adjusting the gap thickness of ceramic window both sides, radius, thickness and the position of diaphragm
Put, realize the traveling wave in the impedance matching and window at window, thus there is big power capacity；Meanwhile it can adjust
The gap thickness of ceramic window both sides, reduce diaphragm radius, reach the purpose for reducing the neighbouring electric field of diaphragm, and this structure
Coaxial window has broader bandwidth.
The present invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of coaxial window construction of wideband high-power, including coaxial inner conductor, coaxial outer conductor, ceramic window and microwave matching
Diaphragm, it is characterised in that：The ceramic window both sides are equipped with one section of air or vacuum gap.
The outer radius of the air or vacuum gap is more than the inside radius of coaxial outer conductor.
The ceramic window outer radius is more than or equal to gap outer radius.
Coaxial inner conductor radius characteristic impedance corresponding with outer conductor inside radius is standard coaxial line impedence, such as 50
Ohm standard coaxial line.
The present invention realizes the equivalent input impedance impedance equal with coaxial ceramic window characteristic impedance on window surface
With condition, the traveling wave in coaxial ceramic window is also achieved；While electric field near microwave matching diaphragm is reduced, improve
Power capacity and bandwidth.Compared with prior art, the invention provides a kind of coaxial window of wideband high-power, pottery can effectively be reduced
Porcelain window surface and the electric field near microwave matching diaphragm, improve the power capacity of microwave window, while have the characteristics of wide band.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure and electric field amplitude distribution schematic diagram of the coaxial window of half-wavelength and the coaxial window of traveling wave；
Fig. 2 is a kind of tomograph of the coaxial window of half-wavelength；
Fig. 3 is a kind of tomograph of the coaxial window of traveling wave；
Fig. 4 is the tomograph of the coaxial window of wideband high-power proposed by the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the physical dimension figure of a coaxial window of L-band half-wavelength；
Fig. 6 is the physical dimension figure of a coaxial window of L-band traveling wave；
Fig. 7 is the physical dimension figure of the coaxial window of a wideband high-power；
Fig. 8 is the S11 frequency characteristic correlation curves of three kinds of structures shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7；
Fig. 9 is the Electric Field Distribution correlation curve of three kinds of structures shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
Embodiment
Below by way of instantiation and embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the drawings.
The present embodiment provides a kind of coaxial window of L-band wideband high-power, and window coaxial with L-band traveling wave and L-band half
Wavelength coaxial window carries out performance comparison.The assigned frequency f of three kinds of windows0For 1.3GHz.
The physical dimension of the coaxial window of half-wavelength is shown in Fig. 5.Wherein, coaxial inner conductor radius a1It is coaxially outer to lead for 13.385mm
Internal radius b1For 30.8mm, internal and external conductor material is monel, and coaxial inner conductor forms 50 ohm of marks with coaxial outer conductor
Quasi- coaxial line.The thickness t of ceramic window1For 36.8mm, ceramic window uses aluminum oxide, relative dielectric constant 9.8.
The physical dimension of the coaxial window of traveling wave is shown in Fig. 6.Wherein, coaxial inner conductor and coaxial outer conductor size and material and half-wave
Long coaxial window is identical.The thickness t of ceramic window2For 20mm, outer radius R2For 71mm, ceramic window uses aluminum oxide, with respect to dielectric
Constant is 9.8.Matching diaphragm material is monel, outer radius r2For 22.785mm, thickness l2For 10mm, matching diaphragm and pottery
The center spacing L of porcelain window2For 35.765mm.
The physical dimension of the coaxial window of wideband high-power is shown in Fig. 7.Wherein, coaxial inner conductor and outer conductor size and material and half
Wavelength coaxial window and the coaxial window of traveling wave are identical.The material of ceramic window is identical with the coaxial window of traveling wave with size.Matching diaphragm
Material is monel, outer radius r3For 18mm, thickness l3For 10mm, the center spacing L of matching diaphragm and ceramic window3For
45.5mm.The Air gap thickness g of ceramic window both sides is 9.5mm, and outer radius identical with ceramic window is 71mm.Here, it is wide
The diaphragm of more minor radius is employed with high-power coaxial window, reduces the electric field near diaphragm.
Simulation calculation is carried out to the coaxial window of three kinds of L-bands using 3 D electromagnetic Flow Field Numerical simulation software HFSS, obtains S11 frequencies
Rate characteristic curve is shown in Fig. 8.From result of calculation as can be seen that double of wavelength coaxial window, in 1.29GHz to anti-between 1.32GHz
Penetrate coefficient S 11 and be less than -30dB, i.e., its -30dB bandwidth about only has 30MHz.To the coaxial window of traveling wave, in 1.24GHz to 1.46GHz
Between reflectance factor S11 be less than -30dB, -30dB is with a width of 220MHz.And the coaxial window of wideband high-power in 0.9GHz extremely
Reflectance factor S11 between 1.51GHz is less than -30dB, and corresponding -30dB is with a width of 610MHz.Obviously, broadband proposed by the present invention
High-power coaxial window has broader bandwidth, and its -30dB bandwidth reaches 2.7 times of the coaxial window of traveling wave, and the 20 of the coaxial window of half-wavelength
Times.
Extract the distribution of electric field amplitude vertically above the coaxial window inner wire of half-wavelength at 2mm, and the coaxial window of traveling wave
The distribution of electric field amplitude vertically above fenestrated membrane piece coaxial with wideband high-power at 2mm, is as a result shown in Fig. 9.Result of calculation shows,
Double of wavelength coaxial window, the electric field on ceramic window surface is equal with the electric-field intensity in coaxial line, up to 537V/mm, in window
Cardioelectric field intensity decreases are to 170V/mm or so；Field in ceramic window is stationary field.To the coaxial window of traveling wave, the electric field on window surface
Amplitude is slightly above the electric field amplitude at window center, and all in 200V/mm or so, far below the electric field 350V/mm in coaxial line.By
Bigger in diaphragm radius, the electric field near diaphragm is stronger, and electric field amplitude reaches 1000V/mm.For proposed by the present invention
The coaxial window of wideband high-power, the electric field amplitude on ceramic window surface are slightly below the electric field amplitude at window center, and respectively less than 200V/
mm.Compared to the electric field amplitude 428V/mm in coaxial line, the electric-field intensity near window reduces more than half.Simultaneously as
Employing the matching diaphragm of more minor radius in window more coaxial than traveling wave, the electric-field intensity near diaphragm is also reduced near 750V/mm,
75% of electric field amplitude about near the coaxial fenestrated membrane piece of traveling wave.
Pass through the coaxial window of half-wavelength to L-band, the coaxial window of traveling wave and the coaxial window of wideband high-power proposed by the present invention
Calculate and analyze, the coaxial window of wideband high-power proposed by the present invention has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, while can effectively reduce window table
Face and the electric field near matching diaphragm, are advantageous to extend the bandwidth of coaxial window, improve the power capacity of coaxial window, avoid coaxial window
Electric field breakdown etc. cause the phenomenon that microwave window fails.
One of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that embodiment described here is to aid in reader and understands this hair
Bright principle, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such especially statement and embodiment.This area
Those of ordinary skill can make according to these technical inspirations disclosed by the invention various does not depart from the other each of essence of the invention
The specific deformation of kind and combination, these deform and combined still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of coaxial window construction of wideband high-power, including coaxial inner conductor, coaxial outer conductor, ceramic window and microwave matching film
Piece, it is characterised in that：The ceramic window both sides are equipped with one section of air or vacuum gap.
A kind of 2. coaxial window construction of wideband high-power as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The air or vacuum space
The outer radius of gap is more than the inside radius of coaxial outer conductor.
A kind of 3. coaxial window construction of wideband high-power as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The ceramic window outer radius
More than or equal to gap outer radius.
A kind of 4. coaxial window construction of wideband high-power as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The coaxial inner conductor half
Footpath characteristic impedance corresponding with outer conductor inside radius is standard coaxial line impedence.
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| CN201510598420.9A CN105225907B (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2015-09-18 | A kind of coaxial window construction of wideband high-power |
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| CN201510598420.9A CN105225907B (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2015-09-18 | A kind of coaxial window construction of wideband high-power |
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| CN105225907B true CN105225907B (en) | 2018-02-13 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108156744B (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2020-02-21 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Power input coupler of double hot window type |
| CN109742005B (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-06-12 | 电子科技大学 | Coaxial energy transmission window suitable for broadband high power |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203588965U (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-05-07 | 南京三乐电子信息产业集团有限公司 | Space traveling wave tube power transmission device with high reliability and high power capacity |
| CN104037473A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-10 | 电子科技大学 | Novel ultra wide band box type output window |
-
2015
- 2015-09-18 CN CN201510598420.9A patent/CN105225907B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203588965U (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-05-07 | 南京三乐电子信息产业集团有限公司 | Space traveling wave tube power transmission device with high reliability and high power capacity |
| CN104037473A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-10 | 电子科技大学 | Novel ultra wide band box type output window |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| A NEW DESIGN FOR A SUPER-CONDUCTING CAVITY INPUT COUPLER;H.Matsumoto.et;《Proceedings of 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference》;20051231;第4142页，附图2-4 * |
| Coaxial TW Window for Power Couplers and Multipactor Considerations;X.Hanus.et;《Proceedings of 1995 Workshop on RF Superconductivity》;19951231;第701-702页，附图2-3 * |
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