CN105218436B - 一种制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法 Download PDF

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CN105218436B
CN105218436B CN201510682342.0A CN201510682342A CN105218436B CN 105218436 B CN105218436 B CN 105218436B CN 201510682342 A CN201510682342 A CN 201510682342A CN 105218436 B CN105218436 B CN 105218436B
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刘浩
孟德勇
王寅
赵会清
李跃东
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Shandong Chengchuang Blue Sea Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.
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    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/79Acids; Esters
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制备4‑氯‑2‑吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法。该方法包括如下步骤:第1步、在催化剂的存在下,2‑吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐和2‑吡啶甲酸盐酸盐混合物与氯化亚砜进行氯代反应;第2步、在氯代反应结束后,混合物与甲醇反应生成4‑氯‑2‑吡啶甲酸甲酯。由该方法制得的4‑氯‑2‑吡啶甲酸甲酯纯度更高,使用该方法制备的4‑氯‑2‑吡啶甲酸甲酯再合成N‑甲基‑4‑氯‑2‑吡啶甲酰胺的熔点可以达到55℃;再进行后续反应制备索拉非尼,外观由淡黄色改观到白色,液相纯度99.9%以上,明显提高了产品质量。

Description

一种制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学技术领域,具体涉及一种索拉非尼中间体制备方法。
背景技术
4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯是制备抗癌药物索拉非尼的重要中间体。文献报道的合成方法一般用2-吡啶甲酸与氯化亚砜在DMF或溴化钠催化下,在有溶剂或无溶剂存在的情况下回流生成4-氯-2-吡啶甲酰氯盐酸盐后再与甲醇反应生成目的物,如下式所示:
但是在反应过程中氯化亚砜分解产生的二氧化硫会氧化吡啶甲酸中的氮原子形成氧化物,如下式所示:
该氧化物可以介导生成多种杂质。部分杂质难以与4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯分离从而带入以后的反应步骤直至最终产品中,影响产品纯度和颜色。所以在合成4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯过程中应该尽量避免氮氧化物的生成。为此我们将2-吡啶甲酸制成盐酸盐之后再进行后续反应,发现2-吡啶甲酸的盐酸盐在反应体系中溶解度太低需要非常长的时间才能完全反应。
后来我们将2-吡啶甲酸先制成2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐再进行氯代反应,虽然2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐溶解度也比较差但是能在可以接受的时间内完成反应,并且先进行酯化没有影响定位基的定位效果,并不改变氯取代的位置。
发明内容
本发明要避免在制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯过程中2-吡啶甲酸形成氧化产物介导多种杂质的情况发生,得到高纯度的4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯。
在研发过程中发现,2-吡啶甲酸只需要部分酯化就可以达到满意的效果,并且可能由于原料为混合物,2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐和2-吡啶甲酸盐酸盐互相助溶提高了溶解度,反应时间较采用完全酯化的2-吡啶甲酸有较大缩短。在此公开一种使用2-吡啶甲酸盐酸盐与2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐的混合物制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法,反应方程式如下式所示。
更具体的技术方案:
一种制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法,包括如下步骤:
第1步、在催化剂的存在下,2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐和2-吡啶甲酸盐酸盐混合物与氯化亚砜进行氯代反应;
第2步、在氯代反应结束后,混合物与甲醇反应生成4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯。
上述的制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法中,所述的第1步中,2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐和2-吡啶甲酸盐酸盐混合物中的2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐所占的质量比60~95%。
上述的制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法中,所述的第1步中,2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐和2-吡啶甲酸盐酸盐混合物是通过以2-吡啶甲酸和甲醇在氯化亚砜的存在下进行部分酯化并生成盐酸盐的方法而制备得到。
上述的制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法中,氯代反应中,氯化亚砜与混合物的质量比2~5:1;氯代反应时间是6~20h。
上述的制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法中,酯化反应中,溶剂为甲苯,甲醇与混合物的质量比为1~2:1。
上述的制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法中,所述的第1步中,催化剂选自溴化钠或者DMF。
有益效果
本发明公开的合成方法合成的4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯纯度高。Organic ProcessResearch & Development 2002, 6, 777-781等文献报道由4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯制备的索拉非尼中间体N-甲基4-氯-2-吡啶甲酰胺熔点为40℃,由本发明方法制得4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯合成N-甲基4-氯-2-吡啶甲酰胺熔点可达55℃,有利于中间体的烘干等操作,再进行后续反应制备索拉非尼,外观由淡黄色改观到白色,液相纯度99.9%以上,明显提高了产品质量。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1、2-吡啶甲酸盐酸盐和2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐混合物的制备:将140g甲醇降温至0℃,滴加30g氯化亚砜,滴加完毕后投入30g2-吡啶甲酸,逐渐升温至20℃反应2h,然后回流反应5h,降温至0℃,抽滤,50℃烘干后得到白色结晶38g,HPLC2-吡啶甲酸甲酯约占60%,收率高于90%。
2、使用2-吡啶甲酸盐酸盐和2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐混合物制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯:向150g氯化亚砜中投入2-吡啶甲酸盐酸盐和2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐混合物38g和溴化钠3g,缓慢升温至回流,然后保持回流16h。氯代完成后降温到40℃,加入200g甲苯,减压蒸除氯化亚砜,降温到10℃,滴加50g甲醇后回流2h。然后降温减压蒸干甲醇,再降温至0℃,抽滤,滤饼用甲苯洗涤后悬浮在10℃水中加入碳酸钠,析出浅黄色固体。该固体抽滤后用水重结晶,室温鼓风干燥18h,得到白色针状结晶25g。
收率约67%。熔点41~43℃ ;MS:M+H172.0;H-NMR:δ4.029(S,3H),δ7.50(d,1H),δ8.147(s,1H),δ8.65(d,1H)。
按照Organic Process Research & Development 2002, 6, 777-781方法制备下步中间体N-甲基-4-氯-2-吡啶甲酰胺为白色,熔点55~56℃。
实施例2
与实施例1的区别在于:2-吡啶甲酸盐酸盐和2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐混合物是直接由试剂级药品混合得到。其中2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐所占的质量比分别是60%、70%、80%、95%,和上述反应参数皆相同。
氯化、酯化的步骤:向150g氯化亚砜中投入2-吡啶甲酸盐酸盐和2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐混合物30g和溴化钠5g,缓慢升温至回流,然后保持回流12h。氯代完成后降温到35℃,加入180g甲苯,减压蒸除氯化亚砜,降温到5℃,滴加60g甲醇后回流3h。然后降温减压蒸干甲醇,再降温至0℃,抽滤,滤饼用甲苯洗涤后悬浮在10℃水中加入碳酸钠,析出浅黄色固体。该固体抽滤后用水重结晶,室温鼓风干燥18h,得到白色针状结晶,经结构确证与目标化合物相同。
在不同混合比的情况下,得到产物的收率情况如下表所示:
混合比 60% 70% 80% 95%
收率 57% 61% 72% 64%
对照例1
1、2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐制备:将200g甲醇降温至0℃,滴加50g氯化亚砜,滴加完毕后投入40g2-吡啶甲酸,逐渐升温至20℃反应2h,回流8h,降温至0℃,再次滴加30g氯化亚砜,逐渐升温至回流后回流反应8h,抽滤,50℃烘干后得到白色结晶38.5g,HPLC95.2%,收率90.9%。
2、使用2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯:向150g氯化亚砜中投入2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐38g和溴化钠3g,缓慢升温至回流,然后保持回流16h。氯代完成后降温到40℃,加入200g甲苯,减压蒸除氯化亚砜,降温至0℃,抽滤,滤饼用甲苯洗涤后悬浮在10℃水中逐渐加入碳酸钠析出固体。该固体抽滤后用水重结晶,室温鼓风干燥18h,得到白色针状结晶24g。收率57.9%。熔点41~43℃。
按照Organic Process Research & Development 2002, 6, 777-781方法制备下步中间体N-甲基-4-氯-2-吡啶甲酰胺为白色,熔点55~57℃。
通过实施例1与对照例1相比可以看出,在采用相同的氯化反应时间时,采用本发明提供的混合物氯化、酯代方式可以显著提高反应速度,反应得到的产物纯度好。

Claims (4)

1.一种制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
第1步、在催化剂的存在下,2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐和2-吡啶甲酸盐酸盐混合物与氯化亚砜进行氯代反应;
第2步、在氯代反应结束后,混合物与甲醇反应生成4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯;
所述的第1步中,2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐和2-吡啶甲酸盐酸盐混合物中的2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐所占的质量比60~95%;
所述的第1步中,2-吡啶甲酸甲酯盐酸盐和2-吡啶甲酸盐酸盐混合物是通过以2-吡啶甲酸和甲醇在氯化亚砜的存在下进行部分酯化并生成盐酸盐的方法而制备得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法,其特征在于:氯代反应中,氯化亚砜与混合物的质量比2~5:1;氯代反应时间是6~20h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法,其特征在于:酯化反应中,溶剂为甲苯,甲醇与混合物的质量比为1~2:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备4-氯-2-吡啶甲酸甲酯的方法,其特征在于:所述的第1步中,催化剂选自溴化钠或者DMF。
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