CN105200276A - Method for manufacturing pseudo-alloy reinforced composite material piston with internal cooling oil cavity - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing pseudo-alloy reinforced composite material piston with internal cooling oil cavity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a pseudo-alloy reinforced composite material piston with an internal cooling oil cavity. The method includes the steps that firstly, aluminum alloy for the piston is prepared; secondly, a pseudo-alloy prefabricated element is manufactured; thirdly, a ceramic salt core prefabricated element of the internal cooling oil cavity is manufactured; fourthly, smelting is carried out; fifthly, the prefabricated elements are preheated; sixthly, a die is preheated; seventhly, squeeze casting is carried out; eighthly, the internal cooling oil cavity is cleaned; ninthly, a piston blank is subjected to thermal treatment; tenthly, the piston blank is machined and subjected to surface treatment. According to piston base alloy, the nano modification refinement technology is adopted, the modification effect is much better than that of common phosphor salt modificators, the size of modified primary silicon is smaller than 35 microns and is greatly reduced compared with the size, which is 50-70 microns, mentioned in the background technology, and mechanical properties of the piston are remarkably improved. The internal cooling oil cavity of the piston is formed through a ceramic salt core in a one-time squeeze casting mode, and the ceramic salt core has extremely high pressure-bearing capacity, so that the piston of the structure meeting the requirements can be obtained with the help of the squeeze casting technology, and the ceramic salt core can be removed by being directly washed with high-pressure hot water so that the internal cooling oil cavity is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pseudo-alloy reinforced composite method for making piston with inner-cooling oil recess.
Background technology
At present, highly-intensified diesel engine is all developing to high-power, high loading, and aluminium recovery is as the important reciprocation parts of oil engine, and its performance directly affects the Performance And Reliability of highly-intensified diesel engine.China's piston of automobile engine generally adopts ZL108, ZL109 cast aluminium alloy, material mechanical performance is that tensile strength (Rm) is 220 ~ 240MPa, elongation (A) be tensile strength at 0.5 ~ 1.0%, 300 DEG C is 60 ~ 80MPa.High reinforcing stimulus single-piece piston requires very high to castability, does not allow to occur any casting flaw.Adopt conventional metal mold gravity casting and sand mold casting aluminium recovery, be easy to produce the casting flaws such as pore, shrinkage porosite, crackle, slag inclusion, microtexture density difference, mechanical property can not meet service requirements, moreover, Regular casting methods production efficiency is low, labour intensity is large.
Domestic and international existing piston for diesel engine adopts high nickel cast iron edge circle to strengthen in first ring groove location usually, thick large part is typically provided with cooling oil chamber and cools piston, employing gravity foundry technology is shaping, there is the defects such as Heavy Weight, high nickel cast iron edge ring and aluminum substrate bonding strength are low in the piston of such preparation, causes that piston work-ing life is short, work reliability is poor.When hydraulic circulation Fatigue Simulation certification test easily there is the phenomenon that high nickel cast iron edge circle is thrown off in above-mentioned piston, this is due to the rotating speed of high reinforcing stimulus and increasing substantially of maximum combustion pressure, mechanical load suffered by first piston ring groove position is sharply increased, adopt the bonding strength of 20 ~ 40MPa between the high nickel cast iron edge circle of Al-Fin method castingin and aluminum substrate can not meet service requirements, improving edge circle bonding strength is the key that can piston meet service requirements.
Authorization Notice No. is Chinese invention patent " a kind of pseudo-alloy strengthens the extrusion casting manufacture method of the groove piston " (application number: 201210574362.2) disclose a kind of technology adopting extrusion casting method to prepare piston of CN103042195B, it adopts pseudo-alloy to inlay circle strongthener, be prepared into the prefabricated component with higher porosity, and while piston press casting, make aluminum alloy melt under the effect of mechanical pressure to diffusion in the space of prefabricated component, solidify, crystallization, form matrix material, thus enhance the annular groove position of piston.But, what above-mentioned extrusion casting method adopted is conventional piston alloy and modification process, adopts common microcosmic salt alterant, and the primary silicon size that piston alloy is formed after rotten is thicker, primary silicon mean sizes is 50 ~ 70 μm, causes the mechanical performance compare of piston alloy poor; Further, cannot obtain during squeeze cast form piston with the strong piston of interior oil cooling in such scheme.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the present situation for prior art, provides the pseudo-alloy reinforced composite method for making piston of a kind of piston aluminum matrix alloy modification effect and the good band inner-cooling oil recess of mechanical property.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: a kind of pseudo-alloy reinforced composite method for making piston with inner-cooling oil recess, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1. prepare aluminium alloys for pistons, in percentage terms, this alloy comprises following mass component:
Cr, V, Pb and Ca impurity element total amount is no more than 0.5%, and all the other are Al;
2. make pseudo-alloy prefabricated component, pseudo-alloy powder particle is mixed evenly, through mould compacting, sintering, form pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component 1; In percentage terms, above-mentioned pseudo-alloy powder particle comprises following mass component:
C, O, S and P impurity element total amount is no more than 1.0%, and all the other are Fe;
3. make inner-cooling oil recess ceramic salt core prefabricated component, this ceramic salt core prefabricated component first adopts isostatic cool pressing technique to carry out densification, then removes internal stress through high-temperature roasting and obtains;
4. melting process, puts into smelting furnace by the aluminium alloys for pistons of preparation and melts, and carries out refining, modifying-refining, refining treatment successively to the aluminium alloy after fusing;
Temperature of aluminum liquid is controlled to be 720 DEG C ~ 740 DEG C, adopts refining agent to carry out refining treatment;
Temperature of aluminum liquid is controlled to be 740 DEG C ~ 750 DEG C, adopts nanometer modifying-refining technique to carry out modifying-refining process;
Temperature of aluminum liquid is controlled to be 730 DEG C ~ 740 DEG C, adopts refining agent to carry out refining treatment, static 15 ~ 30 minutes; And temperature of aluminum liquid is controlled to be 720 DEG C ~ 730 DEG C, to be cast;
5. preform preheat, the electrothermal oven that the pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component prepared puts into 280 DEG C ~ 300 DEG C is carried out preheating, and warm up time is not less than 1h; The electrothermal oven that the ceramic salt core prefabricated component prepared puts into 480 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C is carried out preheating, and warm up time is not less than 1h;
6. mould and die preheating, is preheating to 200 DEG C ~ 250 DEG C by the drift of mould, internal mold, core print before extrusion casting;
7. extrusion casting, be separately fixed on the internal mold of mould by preheated pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component and ceramic salt core prefabricated component, in mold cavity, pour into processed good aluminum alloy melt, aluminum alloy melt teeming temperature is 730 DEG C ~ 740 DEG C, closed die drift, pressurize, pressurization pressure 130MPa ~ 150MPa, aluminum alloy melt penetrates in the hole of pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component, pseudo-alloy edge circle matrix material is formed after aluminum alloy melt solidifies completely, release, ejects core print, takes out foundry goods;
8. clear up inner-cooling oil recess, employing 0.3MPa ~ 0.5MPa, water temperature are that the high pressure water of 40 DEG C ~ 50 DEG C removes ceramic salt core prefabricated component, form piston inner-cooling oil recess, namely obtain being with the annular groove of cooling oil chamber to strengthen pseudo-alloy edge and enclose composite material piston blank;
9. heat-treat piston blank, solid solution temperature is 500 ± 5 DEG C, insulation 5.5 ~ 6.5h; Quench treatment is carried out in 60 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C water, piston blank is less than 30s from aluminium alloy quenching furnace to the transfer time of tank, and piston blank solution treatment is less than 2h to the holding time of ageing treatment, and aging temperature is 200 ± 5 DEG C, insulation 7.5 ~ 8.5h, air cooling after coming out of the stove;
10. mechanical workout and surface treatment are carried out to piston blank part, obtain aluminium recovery finished product.
As improvement, the isostatic cool pressing pressure that described ceramic salt core prefabricated component adopts isostatic cool pressing technique to carry out densification is 190 ~ 200MPa, and the dwell time is 3min ~ 5min.
Improve, described ceramic salt core prefabricated component removes internal stress through high-temperature roasting, and be heated to 710 DEG C ~ 720 DEG C, heat-up rate is 90 ~ 100 DEG C/h again, and furnace cooling after insulation 1.8 ~ 2h, furnace temperature is come out of the stove lower than 150 DEG C.
Further improvement, step 4. mesometamorphism thinning processing adopts nanometer fining agent, this nanometer fining agent is the mixture of SiC and AlN, and the add-on of described SiC is 0.03 ~ 0.05% of aluminium alloy quality, and the add-on of described AlN is 0.03 ~ 0.05% of aluminium alloy quality.
Preferably, step 4. mesometamorphism thinning processing time SiC and AlN aluminium foil is wrapped in rear press-in aluminium alloy melt, adopt ultrasonic stirring or induction stirring to carry out modifying-refining process.
Preferably, described pseudo-alloy powder particle is of a size of 200 μm ~ 630 μm, and be the pseudo-alloy water jetted powder be directly sprayed into, without the need to mixing through simple substance powder, manufacture craft is simpler than existing preparation technology, efficiency is higher and cost is lower.The porosity of described pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component is 40% ~ 50%.
Preferably, step 4. described in the aluminum refining agent of refining agent to be model be JA04C, the interpolation quality of this refining agent is 0.3% ~ 0.5% of aluminium alloy quality.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1, the piston matrix alloy in the present invention adopts nanometer modifying-refining technology, modification effect is better than common microcosmic salt alterant far away, primary silicon size after rotten is less than 35 μm, and greatly reduce compared with 50 ~ 70 μm that mention in background technology, the mechanical property of piston is significantly improved;
2, in the present invention, the inner-cooling oil recess of piston adopts ceramic salt core squeeze cast form, this ceramic salt core adopts isostatic cool pressing technique to carry out densification, and eliminate internal stress through high-temperature roasting, there is high bearing capacity, thus the piston that Extrution casting technique acquisition structure meets the demands can be coordinated, the cleaning of ceramic salt core is convenient, directly rinses with high-pressure water heating and can remove thus have cold chamber in obtaining; And this ceramic salt core manufacturing process is easy, make efficiency is high, cost is low;
The alloying level of piston matrix elements Cu, Ni 3, in the present invention comparatively prior art improves greatly, thus improve the mechanical behavior under high temperature of piston, meanwhile, the interpolation of Zr can the tissue of refinement piston aluminium alloy and crystal grain, thus improve the mechanical property of piston further;
4, annular groove position of the present invention adopts pseudo-alloy to inlay circle strongthener, be prepared into the prefabricated component with higher porosity, while piston press casting forming process, aluminum alloy melt under the effect of mechanical pressure to diffusion in the hole of prefabricated component, solidify, crystallization forms matrix material, enhances the reliability at piston ring groove position;
5, the present invention is by the one-time formed single-piece piston blank of Extrution casting technique, and squeeze pressure can reach 120MPa, and material inside organization is fine and close, and mechanical property significantly improves, and process efficiency is high, low cost of manufacture;
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Technology schema of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the squeeze cast form mould structure schematic diagram that in the embodiment of the present invention, pseudo-alloy edge circle strengthens groove piston;
Fig. 4 is that pseudo-alloy edge circle shaping in the embodiment of the present invention strengthens groove piston blahk structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that in the embodiment of the present invention, pseudo-alloy edge circle strengthens groove piston finished product structure schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ 5, the preparation process of the pseudo-alloy reinforced composite piston with inner-cooling oil recess in the present embodiment is as follows:
1. prepare aluminium alloys for pistons, this alloy compositions and mass percent are: Si:11.0%; Mg:0.8%; Cu:3.0%; Ni:2.0%; Fe:0.1%; Ti:0.1%; Mn:0.01%; Zn:0.01%; Zr:0.01%; Cr, V, Pb and Ca impurity element total amount is no more than 0.5%, and all the other are Al;
2. make pseudo-alloy prefabricated component, the pseudo-alloy powder particle of configuration is mixed evenly, through mould compacting, sintering, form pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component 1; In percentage terms, above-mentioned pseudo-alloy powder particle comprises following mass component:
C, O, S and P impurity element total amount is no more than 1.0%, and all the other are Fe;
3. make inner-cooling oil recess ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4, ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4 first adopts isostatic cool pressing technique to carry out densification, isostatic cool pressing pressure 200MPa, dwell time 3min; Remove internal stress through high-temperature roasting again, be heated to 710 DEG C, heat-up rate 90 DEG C/h, furnace cooling after insulation 1.8h, furnace temperature is come out of the stove lower than 150 DEG C;
4. melting process, puts into smelting furnace by the aluminium alloys for pistons of preparation and melts, and carries out refining, modifying-refining, refining treatment to the aluminium alloy after fusing;
Controlled to be 720 DEG C by temperature of aluminum liquid, the model adopting Sichuan Lan De high-tech industry company limited to produce is that JA04C aluminum refining agent carries out refining treatment, and the interpolation quality of this refining agent is 0.3% of aluminium alloy quality;
Temperature of aluminum liquid is controlled to be 740 DEG C, nanometer modifying-refining technique is adopted to carry out modifying-refining process, the add-on of nanometer fining agent SiC is 0.03% of aluminium alloy quality, the add-on of AlN is 0.03% of aluminium alloy quality, two kinds of fining agent aluminium foils are wrapped rear press-in aluminium alloy melt, adopts ultrasonic stirring to carry out modifying-refining process;
Controlled to be 730 DEG C by temperature of aluminum liquid, the model adopting Sichuan Lan De high-tech industry company limited to produce is that JA04C aluminum refining agent carries out refining treatment, static 15 minutes; Temperature of aluminum liquid is controlled to be 720 DEG C, to be cast;
5. preform preheat, the electrothermal oven that 280 DEG C of temperature put into by the pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component 1 prepared is carried out preheating, and warm up time is 2h; The electrothermal oven that 480 DEG C of temperature put into by the ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4 prepared is carried out preheating, and warm up time is 2h;
6. mould and die preheating, is preheating to 200 DEG C by the drift 2 of mould, internal mold 3, core print 5 before extrusion casting;
7. extrusion casting, is fixed on the internal mold 3 of mould by preheated pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component 1 and ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4, pours into processed good aluminum alloy melt in mold cavity, aluminum alloy melt teeming temperature is 730 DEG C, closed die drift 2, pressurizes, pressurization pressure 130MPa, aluminum alloy melt penetrates in the hole of prefabricated component 1, after aluminum alloy melt solidifies completely, form pseudo-alloy edge circle matrix material 1a, release, eject core print 5, take out foundry goods;
8. clear up inner-cooling oil recess, adopt the high pressure water of 0.3MPa pressure, water temperature 40 DEG C removes ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4, forms piston inner-cooling oil recess 4a, namely obtains being with the annular groove of cooling oil chamber to strengthen pseudo-alloy edge circle composite material piston blank;
9. piston blank is heat-treated, solid solution temperature is 500 ± 5 DEG C, insulation 5.5h, quench treatment is carried out in 60 DEG C of water, piston blank is less than 30s from aluminium alloy quenching furnace to the transfer time of tank, and piston blank solution treatment is less than 2h to the holding time of ageing treatment, and aging temperature is 200 ± 5 DEG C, insulation 7.5h, air cooling after coming out of the stove;
10. mechanical workout and surface treatment are carried out to piston blank part, obtain aluminium recovery finished product.
The annular groove of the band inner-cooling oil recess obtained in the present embodiment strengthens pseudo-alloy edge circle composite material piston, and as shown in Figure 5, piston inner-cooling oil recess is smooth for concrete structure, clog-free thing; Dense internal organization, without casting flaw; Piston ring groove adopts pseudo-alloy edge circle strongthener wear resistance to be better than high nickel cast iron edge circle, and bonding strength significantly improves; Inner-cooling oil recess adopts high-pressure resistant ceramic salt core squeeze cast form, and manufacture cleaning technology easy, make efficiency is high, and cost is low; Adopt nanometer modifying-refining technology, the primary silicon size after rotten is between 10 ~ 35 μm, and primary silicon size is more tiny, and mechanical property significantly improves.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ 5, the preparation process of the pseudo-alloy reinforced composite piston with inner-cooling oil recess in the present embodiment is as follows:
1. prepare aluminium alloys for pistons, this alloy compositions and mass percent are: Si:12.0%; Mg:1.0%; Cu:4.0%; Ni:2.5%; Fe:0.2%; Ti:0.15%; Mn:0.1%; Zn:0.1%; Zr:0.1%; Cr, V, Pb and Can impurity element total amount is no more than 0.5%, and all the other are Al;
2. make pseudo-alloy prefabricated component, the pseudo-alloy powder particle of configuration is mixed evenly, through mould compacting, sintering, form pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component 1; In percentage terms, above-mentioned pseudo-alloy powder particle comprises following mass component:
C, O, S and P impurity element total amount is no more than 1.0%, and all the other are Fe;
3. make inner-cooling oil recess ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4, ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4 first adopts isostatic cool pressing technique to carry out densification, isostatic cool pressing pressure 190MPa, dwell time 4min; Remove internal stress through high-temperature roasting again, be heated to 715 DEG C, heat-up rate 95 DEG C/h, furnace cooling after insulation 1.9h, furnace temperature is come out of the stove lower than 150 DEG C;
4. melting process, puts into smelting furnace by the aluminium alloys for pistons of preparation and melts, and carries out refining, modifying-refining, refining treatment to the aluminium alloy after fusing;
Controlled to be 730 DEG C by temperature of aluminum liquid, the model adopting Sichuan Lan De high-tech industry company limited to produce is that JA04C aluminum refining agent carries out refining treatment, and the interpolation quality of this refining agent is 0.5% of aluminium alloy quality;
Temperature of aluminum liquid is controlled to be 745 DEG C, nanometer modifying-refining technique is adopted to carry out modifying-refining process, the add-on of nanometer fining agent SiC is 0.04% of aluminium alloy quality, the add-on of AlN is 0.04% of aluminium alloy quality, two kinds of fining agent aluminium foils are wrapped rear press-in aluminium alloy melt, adopts ultrasonic stirring to carry out modifying-refining process;
Controlled to be 735 DEG C by temperature of aluminum liquid, the model adopting Sichuan Lan De high-tech industry company limited to produce is that JA04C aluminum refining agent carries out refining treatment, static 20 minutes; Temperature of aluminum liquid is controlled to be 725 DEG C, to be cast;
5. preform preheat, carries out preheating by the electrothermal oven that 290 DEG C of temperature put into by the pseudo-alloy prepared edge circle prefabricated component 1, warm up time 1.5h; The electrothermal oven that 490 DEG C of temperature put into by the ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4 prepared is carried out preheating, warm up time 1.5h;
6. mould and die preheating, is preheating to 220 DEG C by the drift 2 of mould, internal mold 3, core print 5 before extrusion casting;
7. extrusion casting, is fixed on the internal mold 3 of mould by preheated pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component 1 and ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4, pours into processed good aluminum alloy melt in mold cavity, aluminum alloy melt teeming temperature is 735 DEG C, closed die drift 2, pressurizes, pressurization pressure 140MPa, aluminum alloy melt penetrates in the hole of prefabricated component 1, after aluminum alloy melt solidifies completely, form pseudo-alloy edge circle matrix material 1a, release, eject core print 5, take out foundry goods;
8. clear up inner-cooling oil recess, adopt the high pressure water of 0.4MPa pressure, water temperature 45 DEG C removes ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4, forms piston inner-cooling oil recess 4a, namely obtains the annular groove reinforced composite piston blank being with cooling oil chamber;
9. piston blank is heat-treated, solid solution temperature is 500 ± 5 DEG C, insulation 6h, quench treatment is carried out in 70 DEG C of water, piston blank is less than 30s from aluminium alloy quenching furnace to the transfer time of tank, and piston blank solution treatment is less than 2h to the holding time of ageing treatment, and aging temperature is 200 ± 5 DEG C, insulation 8h, air cooling after coming out of the stove;
10. mechanical workout and surface treatment are carried out to piston blank part, obtain aluminium recovery finished product.
The annular groove reinforced composite piston of the band inner-cooling oil recess obtained in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 5, piston inner-cooling oil recess is smooth for concrete structure, clog-free thing; Dense internal organization, without casting flaw; Piston ring groove adopts pseudo-alloy edge circle strongthener wear resistance to be better than high nickel cast iron edge circle, and bonding strength significantly improves; Inner-cooling oil recess adopts high-pressure resistant ceramic salt core squeeze cast form, and manufacture cleaning technology easy, make efficiency is high, and cost is low; Adopt nanometer modifying-refining technology, the primary silicon size after rotten is between 10 ~ 35 μm, and primary silicon size is more tiny, and mechanical property significantly improves.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ 5, the preparation process of the pseudo-alloy reinforced composite piston with inner-cooling oil recess in the present embodiment is as follows:
1. prepare aluminium alloys for pistons, this alloy compositions and mass percent are: Si:13.0%; Mg:1.2; Cu:5.0%; Ni:3.0%; Fe:0.3%; Ti:0.2%; Mn:0.2%; Zn:0.2%; Zr:0.2%; Cr, V, Pb and Can impurity element total amount is no more than 0.5%, and all the other are Al;
2. make pseudo-alloy prefabricated component, the pseudo-alloy powder particle of configuration is mixed evenly, through mould compacting, sintering, form pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component 1; In percentage terms, above-mentioned pseudo-alloy powder particle comprises following mass component:
C, O, S and P impurity element total amount is no more than 1.0%, and all the other are Fe;
3. make inner-cooling oil recess ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4, ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4 first adopts isostatic cool pressing technique to carry out densification, isostatic cool pressing pressure 200MPa, dwell time 5min; Remove internal stress through high-temperature roasting again, be heated to 720 DEG C, heat-up rate 100 DEG C/h, furnace cooling after insulation 2h, furnace temperature is come out of the stove lower than 150 DEG C;
4. melting process, puts into smelting furnace by the aluminium alloys for pistons of preparation and melts, and carries out refining, modifying-refining, refining treatment to the aluminium alloy after fusing;
Controlled to be 740 DEG C by temperature of aluminum liquid, the model adopting Sichuan Lan De high-tech industry company limited to produce is that JA04C aluminum refining agent carries out refining treatment, and the interpolation quality of this refining agent is 0.4% of aluminium alloy quality;
Temperature of aluminum liquid is controlled to be 750 DEG C, nanometer modifying-refining technique is adopted to carry out modifying-refining process, the add-on of nanometer fining agent SiC is 0.05% of aluminium alloy quality, the add-on of AlN is 0.05% of aluminium alloy quality, two kinds of fining agent aluminium foils are wrapped rear press-in aluminium alloy melt, adopts ultrasonic stirring to carry out modifying-refining process;
5. preform preheat, carries out preheating by the electrothermal oven that 300 DEG C of temperature put into by the pseudo-alloy prepared edge circle prefabricated component 1, warm up time 1.8h; The electrothermal oven that 500 DEG C of temperature put into by the ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4 prepared is carried out preheating, warm up time 1.8h;
6. mould and die preheating, is preheating to 250 DEG C by the drift 2 of mould, internal mold 3, core print 5 before extrusion casting;
7. extrusion casting, is fixed on the internal mold 3 of mould by preheated pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component 1 and ceramic salt core prefabricated component 4, pours into processed good aluminum alloy melt in mold cavity, aluminum alloy melt teeming temperature is 740 DEG C, closed die drift 2, pressurizes, pressurization pressure 150MPa, aluminum alloy melt penetrates in the hole of prefabricated component 1, after aluminum alloy melt solidifies completely, form matrix material 1a, release, eject core print 5, take out foundry goods;
8. clear up inner-cooling oil recess, adopt the high pressure water of 0.5MPa pressure, water temperature 50 DEG C removes the withstand voltage soluble salt core 4 of high strength, forms piston inner-cooling oil recess 4a, namely obtains the annular groove reinforced composite piston blank being with cooling oil chamber;
9. piston blank is heat-treated, solid solution temperature is 500 ± 5 DEG C, insulation 6.5h, quench treatment is carried out in 80 DEG C of water, piston blank is less than 30s from aluminium alloy quenching furnace to the transfer time of tank, and piston blank solution treatment is less than 2h to the holding time of ageing treatment, and aging temperature is 200 ± 5 DEG C, insulation 8.5h, air cooling after coming out of the stove;
10. mechanical workout and surface treatment are carried out to piston blank part, obtain aluminium recovery finished product.
The annular groove reinforced composite piston of the band inner-cooling oil recess obtained in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 5, piston inner-cooling oil recess is smooth for concrete structure, clog-free thing; Dense internal organization, without casting flaw; Piston ring groove adopts pseudo-alloy edge circle strongthener wear resistance to be better than high nickel cast iron edge circle, and bonding strength significantly improves; Inner-cooling oil recess adopts high-pressure resistant ceramic salt core squeeze cast form, and manufacture cleaning technology easy, make efficiency is high, and cost is low; Adopt nanometer modifying-refining technology, the primary silicon size after rotten is between 10 ~ 35 μm, and primary silicon size is more tiny, and mechanical property significantly improves.
Claims (7)
1. the pseudo-alloy reinforced composite method for making piston with inner-cooling oil recess, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1. prepare aluminium alloys for pistons, in percentage terms, this alloy comprises following mass component:
Cr, V, Pb and Ca impurity element total amount is no more than 0.5%, and all the other are Al;
2. make pseudo-alloy prefabricated component, pseudo-alloy powder particle is mixed evenly, through mould compacting, sintering, form pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component 1; In percentage terms, above-mentioned pseudo-alloy powder particle comprises following mass component:
C, O, S and P impurity element total amount is no more than 1.0%, and all the other are Fe;
3. make inner-cooling oil recess ceramic salt core prefabricated component, this ceramic salt core prefabricated component first adopts isostatic cool pressing technique to carry out densification, then removes internal stress through high-temperature roasting and obtains;
4. melting process, puts into smelting furnace by the aluminium alloys for pistons of preparation and melts, and carries out refining, modifying-refining, refining treatment successively to the aluminium alloy after fusing;
Temperature of aluminum liquid is controlled to be 720 DEG C ~ 740 DEG C, adopts refining agent to carry out refining treatment;
Temperature of aluminum liquid is controlled to be 740 DEG C ~ 750 DEG C, adopts nanometer modifying-refining technique to carry out modifying-refining process;
Temperature of aluminum liquid is controlled to be 730 DEG C ~ 740 DEG C, adopts refining agent to carry out refining treatment, static 15 ~ 30 minutes; And temperature of aluminum liquid is controlled to be 720 DEG C ~ 730 DEG C, to be cast;
5. preform preheat, the electrothermal oven that the pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component prepared puts into 280 DEG C ~ 300 DEG C is carried out preheating, and warm up time is not less than 1h; The electrothermal oven that the ceramic salt core prefabricated component prepared puts into 480 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C is carried out preheating, and warm up time is not less than 1h;
6. mould and die preheating, is preheating to 200 DEG C ~ 250 DEG C by the drift of mould, internal mold, core print before extrusion casting;
7. extrusion casting, be separately fixed on the internal mold of mould by preheated pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component and ceramic salt core prefabricated component, in mold cavity, pour into processed good aluminum alloy melt, aluminum alloy melt teeming temperature is 730 DEG C ~ 740 DEG C, closed die drift, pressurize, pressurization pressure 130MPa ~ 150MPa, aluminum alloy melt penetrates in the hole of pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component, pseudo-alloy edge circle matrix material is formed after aluminum alloy melt solidifies completely, release, ejects core print, takes out foundry goods;
8. clear up inner-cooling oil recess, employing 0.3MPa ~ 0.5MPa, water temperature are that the high pressure water of 40 DEG C ~ 50 DEG C removes ceramic salt core prefabricated component, form piston inner-cooling oil recess, namely obtain being with the annular groove of cooling oil chamber to strengthen pseudo-alloy edge and enclose composite material piston blank;
9. heat-treat piston blank, solid solution temperature is 500 ± 5 DEG C, insulation 5.5 ~ 6.5h; Quench treatment is carried out in 60 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C water, piston blank is less than 30s from aluminium alloy quenching furnace to the transfer time of tank, and piston blank solution treatment is less than 2h to the holding time of ageing treatment, and aging temperature is 200 ± 5 DEG C, insulation 7.5 ~ 8.5h, air cooling after coming out of the stove;
10. mechanical workout and surface treatment are carried out to piston blank part, obtain aluminium recovery finished product.
2. the pseudo-alloy reinforced composite method for making piston of band inner-cooling oil recess according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the isostatic cool pressing pressure that described ceramic salt core prefabricated component adopts isostatic cool pressing technique to carry out densification is 190 ~ 200MPa, and the dwell time is 3min ~ 5min.
3. the pseudo-alloy reinforced composite method for making piston of band inner-cooling oil recess according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ceramic salt core prefabricated component removes internal stress through high-temperature roasting, be heated to 710 DEG C ~ 720 DEG C, heat-up rate is 90 ~ 100 DEG C/h, furnace cooling after insulation 1.8 ~ 2h, furnace temperature is come out of the stove lower than 150 DEG C.
4. the pseudo-alloy reinforced composite method for making piston of band inner-cooling oil recess according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 4. mesometamorphism thinning processing adopts nanometer fining agent, this nanometer fining agent is the mixture of SiC and AlN, the add-on of described SiC is 0.03 ~ 0.05% of aluminium alloy quality, and the add-on of described AlN is 0.03 ~ 0.05% of aluminium alloy quality.
5. the pseudo-alloy reinforced composite method for making piston of band inner-cooling oil recess according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: step 4. mesometamorphism thinning processing time SiC and AlN aluminium foil is wrapped in rear press-in aluminium alloy melt, adopt ultrasonic stirring or induction stirring to carry out modifying-refining process.
6. the pseudo-alloy reinforced composite method for making piston of band inner-cooling oil recess according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pseudo-alloy powder particle is of a size of 200 μm ~ 630 μm, and the porosity of described pseudo-alloy edge circle prefabricated component is 40% ~ 50%.
7. the pseudo-alloy reinforced composite method for making piston of band inner-cooling oil recess according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 4. described in the aluminum refining agent of refining agent to be model be JA04C, the interpolation quality of this refining agent is 0.3% ~ 0.5% of aluminium alloy quality.
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