CN105199502B - A kind of mulch - Google Patents
A kind of mulch Download PDFInfo
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- CN105199502B CN105199502B CN201410265209.0A CN201410265209A CN105199502B CN 105199502 B CN105199502 B CN 105199502B CN 201410265209 A CN201410265209 A CN 201410265209A CN 105199502 B CN105199502 B CN 105199502B
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Abstract
A kind of mulch, it includes that the raw material of following weight part ratio is prepared：2 15 parts of vinyl acetate ethylene tertiary ethylene carbonates and 85 98 parts of water, or 2 15 parts of vinylacetate tertiary ethylene carbonate maleates and 85 98 parts of water, or 2 15 parts of vinyl acetate acrylates and 85 98 parts of water, or 2 15 parts of vinyl acetate ethylene acrylate and 85 98 parts of water, it is in parts by weight.Mulch of the present invention not only equally plays the role of mulch to preserving soil moisture, heat preservation, but also avoid the generation of " white pollution " in the plastic film for substituting traditional recycling that is difficult to degrade.In addition the bonding course for staying in sandy soil, soil surface also helps into sandy soil, soil and increases crumb structure and gas permeability, promotes sandy soil, soil improvement and plant growth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mulch, which can be widely applied to agricultural, industrial circle.
Background technology
Preserving soil moisture heat preservation is the important means of the raisings such as agricultural, forestry, gardening plantation effect, mainly uses plastics at present
The method of mulch (such as PE, PP) covering.But this extremely difficult degradation of mulch, recycling is difficult, to soil and environmental concerns, is
Generally acknowledged " white pollution ".
Currently, vinyl acetate polymer and its derivative product are mainly used as adhesive, coating, paper, chewing gum base
With the traditional fields such as fabric finishing agent.
Invention content
Present invention aims at a kind of environmentally friendly degradable, soil moisture conservation of offer, the ground that heat insulation effect is good, penetrability is good
Film.
What the object of the invention was achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of mulch, it is characterised in that：Using 2-15 parts of vinyl acetate polymeric derivatives and 85-98 part water as raw material preparation and
At in parts by weight.
Those skilled in the art know and define that vinyl acetate polymer refers to being polymerized containing Vinyl Acetate Monomer
Polymer, can be obtained by polymerisation in solution, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerisation or bulk polymerization, when necessary can additional plasticizer, solvent
Equal auxiliary agents, are divided into homopolymer and copolymer；Vinyl acetate polymeric derivative of the present invention is Vinyl Acetate Monomer and its
The copolymer of its one or more monomer, may also comprise the alcoholysate of the copolymer, further include that the copolymer emulsion is dry through spraying
Latex powder made of dry.Include but not limited to one or more of with the vinyl acetate copolymerized monomer for preparing copolymer：Second
Alkene, tertiary ethylene carbonate, acrylate, maleate, fumarate, itaconate, caprate, 2- ethyls
Vinyl caproate, stearic acid vinyl ester, vinyl pivalate etc..
Preferably, above-mentioned vinyl acetate polymeric derivative is vinylacetate-ethylene-tertiary ethylene carbonate, vinyl acetate
Ester-tertiary ethylene carbonate-maleate, the above copolymer of vinyl acetate-acrylate binary or vinylacetate-
Above copolymer of ternary of ethylene-acrylate etc..
It is highly preferred that the above-mentioned above copolymer of vinyl acetate-acrylate binary is Vinyl Acetate Monomer and propylene
Sour N-butyl, isobutyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, allyl acrylate, third
One or more of olefin(e) acid benzene methyl, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, Isooctyl acrylate monomer, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate are single
The copolymer of body.The above-mentioned above copolymer of vinylacetate-ethylene-acrylic ester ternary is Vinyl Acetate Monomer, ethylene list
Body and n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, acrylic acid alkene
One in propyl ester, benzyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, Isooctyl acrylate monomer, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate
Or the copolymer of multiple monomers.
A kind of mulch, it is characterised in that：It includes that the raw material of following weight part ratio is prepared：6-8 parts of vinylacetates-
Ethylene-tertiary ethylene carbonate and 92-94 parts of water or 6-8 parts of vinylacetate-tertiary ethylene carbonate-maleates and 92-
94 parts of water or the 6-8 parts of above polymer of vinyl acetate-acrylate binary and 92-94 parts of water or 6-8 parts of vinylacetates-
The above polymer of ethylene-acrylate ternary and 92-94 parts of water, are in parts by weight.
Preferably, the above-mentioned above copolymer of vinyl acetate-acrylate binary is Vinyl Acetate Monomer and acrylic acid
N-butyl, isobutyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, allyl acrylate, propylene
One or more of sour benzene methyl, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, Isooctyl acrylate monomer, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate monomer
Copolymer.The above-mentioned above copolymer of vinylacetate-ethylene-acrylic ester ternary is Vinyl Acetate Monomer, vinyl monomer
With n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, acrylic acid allyl
One in ester, benzyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, Isooctyl acrylate monomer, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate or
The copolymer of multiple monomers.
The preparation method of above-mentioned mulch, including slurrying, spray, curing schedule be made, it is characterised in that：The slurrying be by
Above-mentioned 2-15 parts by weight acetic acid vinyl acetate-ethylene-tertiary ethylene carbonate is uniformly mixed slurrying or 2-15 with 85-98 parts by weight water
Vinylacetate-tertiary ethylene carbonate-maleate of parts by weight is uniformly mixed slurrying or 2- with 85-98 parts by weight water
15 parts by weight acetic acid vinyl acetates-above polymer of acrylate binary is uniformly mixed slurrying or 2-15 weights with 85-98 parts by weight water
Amount part vinylacetate-ethylene-above polymer of acrylic ester ternary is uniformly mixed slurrying with 85-98 parts by weight water.
Preferably, above-mentioned slurrying is by above-mentioned 6-8 parts by weight acetic acid vinyl acetate-ethylene-tertiary ethylene carbonate and 92-94 weights
Measure vinylacetate-tertiary ethylene carbonate-maleate and 94-96 weights that part water is uniformly mixed slurrying or 4-6 parts by weight
It measures part water and is uniformly mixed slurrying or 7-10 parts by weight acetic acid vinyl acetate-above polymer of acrylate binary and 90-93 parts by weight
Water is uniformly mixed slurrying or 8-11 parts by weight acetic acid vinyl acetate-above polymer of ethylene-acrylate ternary and 89-92 weight
Part water is uniformly mixed slurrying.
Preferably, the above-mentioned above copolymer of vinyl acetate-acrylate binary is Vinyl Acetate Monomer and acrylic acid
N-butyl, isobutyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, allyl acrylate, propylene
One or more of sour benzene methyl, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, Isooctyl acrylate monomer, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate monomer
Copolymer.The above-mentioned above copolymer of vinylacetate-ethylene-acrylic ester ternary is Vinyl Acetate Monomer, vinyl monomer
With n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, acrylic acid allyl
One in ester, benzyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, Isooctyl acrylate monomer, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate or
The copolymer of multiple monomers.
It directly sprays after above-mentioned slurrying and cures on soil surface layer, form mulch, be conducive to soil water-retaining, heat preservation, and the mulch
With preferable penetrability, plant growth is promoted.The mulch can substitute traditional plastic film completely, not only eliminate white
Pollution, and residue has been additionally favorable for soil improvement.
The preparation of vinylacetate-ethylene-tertiary ethylene carbonate copolymer emulsion, is in parts by weight below：
1 part and 50 parts deionized waters of polyvinyl alcohol are added in reaction kettle, after polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, alcohol ether is added
0.21 part of phosphate monoester, 0.15 part of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 0.04 part of sodium vinyl sulfonate, stir and evenly mix after heat up, be added
Ethylene simultaneously boosts to 1.0MPa；1 part of ammonium persulfate (3wt%) solution is at the uniform velocity pumped into 2min when temperature is raised to 77C；Then it pumps
Enter 10 parts of vinylacetates, 2 parts of tertiary ethylene carbonates, waits for reaction 10min, when ethylene pressure rises to 1.3MPa, 2 hours at the uniform velocity
It is pumped into 1 part of ammonium persulfate (3%) solution, 30 parts of vinylacetates and 6 parts of tertiary ethylene carbonates；Ethylene is cut off, temperature is kept
30min, after pressure declines, product is spare after deaeration, filtering, cooling.
The preparation of vinylacetate-tertiary ethylene carbonate-maleate copolymer emulsion, is in parts by weight below：
5 parts and 50 parts deionized waters of polyvinyl alcohol are added in reaction kettle, after polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, alcohol ether is added
0.25 part of phosphate monoester, 0.3 part of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether heat up after stirring and evenly mixing, and 10 parts are pumped into when temperature is raised to 77 DEG C
Vinylacetate, 2 parts of tertiary ethylene carbonates and 1 part of maleate, are then at the uniform velocity pumped into 1 part of ammonium persulfate in 20min
(3wt%) solution；30min or so heatings are reacted, waits for that reaction temperature reaches 75~80 DEG C or so, is at the uniform velocity pumped within 2 hours 1 part of over cure
Sour ammonium (3%) solution, 30 parts of vinylacetates, 6 parts of tertiary ethylene carbonates and 2 parts of maleates；Temperature 30min is kept,
Product is spare after cooling down, filtering.
The implementation of the present invention will generate great progress and significant effect to ecological, environmental protective, be mainly reflected in：
Mulch of the present invention not only equally plays mulch and is protected to soil in the plastic film for substituting traditional recycling that is difficult to degrade
Moisture in the soil, heat preservation effect, and have preferable penetrability, avoid the generation of " white pollution ".In addition sandy soil, soil surface are stayed in
Bonding course, also helped into sandy soil, soil and increase crumb structure and gas permeability, promote sandy soil, soil improvement and plant life
It is long.Vinyl acetate polymeric derivative used in the present invention belongs to safety and environmental protection, nontoxic water and milk in high molecular synthetic material
Type or water-soluble products, it is non-hazardous to plant, animal, microorganism, do not generate any secondary pollution.
Description of the drawings
Sandy Soil Moisture evaporation capacity and time relationship schematic diagram in Fig. 1 mulch water conservation experiments of the present invention；
The soil moisture and time relationship schematic diagram in Fig. 2 mulch heat preservation experiments of the present invention；
The soil moisture and time relationship schematic diagram of Fig. 3 mulches of the present invention and the comparison of conventional plastic mulch.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, it is necessary to which indicated herein is that following embodiment is only used
In invention is further explained, it should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention, without departing substantially from spirit of that invention
In the case of essence, to modifications or substitutions made by the method for the present invention, step or condition, all belong to the scope of the present invention, with
Under be in parts by weight.
The soil moisture conservation experiment of 1 mulch of embodiment
3 parts of sandy soil are taken, are weighed respectively.No. 1 sample is for blank test.By 6 parts by weight acetic acid vinyl acetates-ethylene-versatic acid
Vinyl acetate is uniformly mixed slurrying with 94 parts by weight water, respectively according to 1kg/m2And 1.5kg/m2Dosage be sprayed at No. 2 and No. 3 sand
Native surface forms mulch, the water of 3 sample sprinkling equivalent after No. 2 and No. 3 sample surfaces solidifications.Sample is placed in temperature again
It spontaneously dries under higher fair weather, weighs every 1h, calculate the evaporation capacity of sample.
3 parts of sandy soil are taken, are weighed respectively.No. 1 sample is for blank test.By the vinylacetate of 4 parts by weight-versatic acid ethylene
Two acid esters of ester-maleic is uniformly mixed slurrying with 96 parts by weight water, respectively according to 1kg/m2And 1.5kg/m2Dosage be sprayed at 2
Number and No. 3 sandy soil surfaces, mulch, the water of 3 samples sprinkling equivalent are formed after No. 2 and the solidification of No. 3 sample surfaces.Again by sample
It is placed under the higher fair weather of temperature and spontaneously dries, weigh every 1h, calculate the evaporation capacity of sample.
3 parts of sandy soil are taken, are weighed respectively.No. 1 sample is for blank test.By 8 parts by weight acetic acid vinyl acetates-n-butyl acrylate
It is uniformly mixed slurrying with 92 parts by weight water, respectively according to 1kg/m2And 1.5kg/m2Dosage be sprayed at No. 2 and No. 3 sandy soil surfaces,
Mulch, the water of 3 sample sprinkling equivalent are formed after No. 2 and No. 3 sample surfaces solidifications.It is higher fine that sample is placed in temperature again
It spontaneously dries under bright weather, weighs every 1h, calculate the evaporation capacity of sample.
3 parts of sandy soil are taken, are weighed respectively.No. 1 sample is for blank test.By 10 parts by weight acetic acid vinyl acetates-ethylene-acrylic acid
Isopropyl ester is uniformly mixed slurrying with 90 parts by weight water, respectively according to 1kg/m2And 1.5kg/m2Dosage be sprayed at No. 2 and No. 3 sand
Native surface forms mulch, the water of 3 sample sprinkling equivalent after No. 2 and No. 3 sample surfaces solidifications.Sample is placed in temperature again
It spontaneously dries under higher fair weather, weighs every 1h, calculate the evaporation capacity of sample.
It is computed, after above-mentioned Polymerization of Vac derivative, with the blank test of unused product of the present invention
It compares, the evaporation capacity of moisture content reduces 10-30% in soil.Vinylacetate-ethylene-tertiary ethylene carbonate is used to be prepared for raw material
Mulch, Sandy Soil Moisture evaporation capacity and time graph are shown in Fig. 1.As it can be seen that mulch water holding capacity enhancing of the present invention, preserve soil moisture performance
It is good.
The heat preservation experiment of embodiment 2
3 pieces of 10m are marked in outdoor a certain plot2Soil, the 1st piece of ground is used as blank test.The 2nd piece of ground with 15 parts
Vinylacetate-ethylene-tertiary ethylene carbonate lotion and 85 parts of mixed uniformly lotions of water are according to 1.5kg/m2Dosage in soil
Ground surface uniformly sprays solidification conjunctiva.In the 3rd piece of ground 15 parts of vinylacetate-ethylenes-tertiary ethylene carbonate lotion and 85
Part mixed uniformly lotion of water is according to 3kg/m2Dosage soil surface uniformly spray solidification conjunctiva.Three blocks of soils respectively will be warm
Degree meter is inserted into 10cm under earth's surface, records the temperature of three blocks of soil simultaneously every 1 hour, show that the soil moisture is shown in figure with time graph
2.Test result shows to have sprayed lotion compared with the soil for not spraying lotion, and temperature is 0.4-1.6 DEG C high, made from explanation
Mulch is conducive to the holding of the soil moisture, is conducive to plant growth.
Using vinylacetate-tertiary ethylene carbonate-maleate, the vinylacetate-ethylene-of above-mentioned parts by weight
(the above copolymer of vinylacetate-ethylene-acrylic ester ternary is vinylacetate to the above copolymer of acrylic ester ternary
Monomer, vinyl monomer and n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, acrylate
Ester, allyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, Isooctyl acrylate monomer, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate or acrylic acid hydroxypropyl
The copolymer of one or more of ester monomer) and Vinyl Acetate Monomer and n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate,
Isopropyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, allyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate,
The copolymer emulsion of one or more of Isooctyl acrylate monomer, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate monomer is mixed with water
Uniform slurrying, mulch obtained also have above-mentioned same effect.
Embodiment 3 substitutes traditional plastic film experiment
Identical three equal parts are marked on soil, in sowing season elder generation's fertilizing, watering, then program request corn, last earthing,
A soil with regard to this as blank test, by 6 parts of vinyl acetate-acrylic monooctyl ester copolymer emulsions and 94 on second part of soil
Part water uniformly mixes, according to 2kg/m2Dosage be sprayed at soil surface, on third part soil with covering general agripast
Film.Thermometer is inserted into 10cm under earth's surface by three points of soils respectively.According to traditional agriculture planting patterns management, periodic measurement soil temperature
Degree records corn emergence rate.Experiment measures, and experimental field 1 corn emergence rate is 82%, and experimental field 2 corn emergence rate is
98%, experimental field 3 corn emergence rate is 97.5%.It tests the soil moisture obtained and sees Fig. 3 with time graph.
Using vinylacetate-ethylene-tertiary ethylene carbonate of above-mentioned parts by weight, vinylacetate-tertiary ethylene carbonate-
Maleate, the above copolymer of the vinylacetate-ethylene-acrylic ester ternary (vinylacetate-ethylene-propylene
The above copolymer of acid esters ternary is Vinyl Acetate Monomer, vinyl monomer and n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, acrylic acid
Isopropyl ester, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, allyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, acrylic acid
The copolymer of one or more of different monooctyl ester, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate monomer) and vinylacetate list
Body and n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, acrylic acid alkene
One or more of propyl ester, benzyl acrylate, Isooctyl acrylate monomer, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate monomer
Copolymer emulsion is uniformly mixed slurrying with water, and mulch obtained makees the alternate test of traditional mulch, can reach above-mentioned same effect
Fruit.
From the above test results show that vinylacetate-tertiary ethylene carbonate-maleate, vinylacetate-second
The above copolymer of alkene-acrylic ester ternary, vinylacetate-ethylene-tertiary ethylene carbonate lotion, vinyl acetate-acrylic
The above copolymer copolymer emulsion of ester binary can mutually tangle film forming, and be bonded with soil surface form continuous, fine and close consolidation
Film is covered in soil surface, effectively prevents the air flowing in soil, prevents or reduce moisture evaporation and heat damage in soil
It loses, while there is preferable penetrability, gas permeability, to reach and the comparable effect of conventional plastic mulch.More science,
The vinyl acetate polymer or derivatives thereof solidified film convenient spraying, film thickness can arbitrarily be adjusted by dosage, and ten are combined with earth's surface
Divide closely, bonding course has readily degradable, need not recycle, soil can also be improved by turning over to bury, and especially eliminate conventional plastic
" white pollution " that mulch is brought.
Embodiment 4
Take 5 parts of vinylacetate-ethylenes-tertiary ethylene carbonate lotion to be uniformly mixed slurrying with 95 parts of tap water, machinery or
Manually it is sprayed at native table, solidification obtains mulch, fountain height 1kg/m2。
Embodiment 5
Take 15 parts of vinylacetate-tertiary ethylene carbonate-maleate powder and 85 parts of tap water after mixing,
Mechanically or manually it is sprayed at native table, solidification obtains mulch, fountain height 0.6kg/m2。
Embodiment 6
Take 10 parts of vinylacetate-ethylenes-methyl acrylate lotion and 90 parts of tap water after mixing, mechanically or manually
It is sprayed at native table, solidification obtains mulch, fountain height 0.6kg/m2。
Embodiment 7
It takes 2 parts of vinyl acetate-acrylic ethyl ester copolymerization powder and 98 parts of tap water after mixing, mechanically or manually sprays
It is sprinkled upon native table, solidification obtains mulch, fountain height 1.0kg/m2。
Claims (4)
1. a kind of mulch, it is characterised in that：Using 2-15 parts of vinyl acetate polymeric derivatives and 85-98 part water as raw material preparation and
At in parts by weight；
Wherein, the vinyl acetate polymeric derivative is vinylacetate-ethylene-tertiary ethylene carbonate, vinylacetate-tertiary carbon
Vinyl acetate-maleate or the above copolymer of vinylacetate-ethylene-acrylic ester ternary；
The above copolymer of vinylacetate-ethylene-acrylic ester ternary is Vinyl Acetate Monomer, vinyl monomer and propylene
Sour N-butyl, isobutyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, allyl acrylate, third
One or more of olefin(e) acid benzene methyl, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, Isooctyl acrylate monomer, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate are single
The copolymer of body.
2. a kind of mulch, it is characterised in that：It includes that the raw material of following weight part ratio is prepared：6-8 parts of vinylacetate-second
Alkene-tertiary ethylene carbonate and 92-94 parts of water or 6-8 parts of vinylacetate-tertiary ethylene carbonate-maleates and 92-94
Part water or the 6-8 parts of above copolymers of vinylacetate-ethylene-acrylic ester ternary and 92-94 parts of water, are in parts by weight；
The above copolymer of vinylacetate-ethylene-acrylic ester ternary is Vinyl Acetate Monomer, vinyl monomer and propylene
Sour N-butyl, isobutyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, allyl acrylate, third
One or more of olefin(e) acid benzene methyl, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, Isooctyl acrylate monomer, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate are single
The copolymer of body.
3. the preparation method of mulch as described in claim 1, including slurrying, curing schedule are made, it is characterised in that：The slurrying
Be above-mentioned 2-15 parts by weight acetic acid vinyl acetate-ethylene-tertiary ethylene carbonate is uniformly mixed slurrying with 85-98 parts by weight water, or
Vinylacetate-tertiary ethylene carbonate-maleate of 2-15 parts by weight is uniformly mixed slurrying with 85-98 parts by weight water,
Or 2-15 parts by weight acetic acid vinyl acetate-above copolymer of ethylene-acrylate ternary is uniformly mixed system with 85-98 parts by weight water
Slurry.
4. the preparation method of mulch as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The slurrying is by 6-8 parts by weight acetic acid ethylene
Ester-ethylene-tertiary ethylene carbonate is uniformly mixed vinylacetate-tertiary carbon of slurrying or 4-6 parts by weight with 92-94 parts by weight water
Vinyl acetate-maleate is uniformly mixed slurrying or 8-11 parts by weight acetic acid vinyl acetate-ethylene-with 94-96 parts by weight water
The above copolymer of acrylic ester ternary is uniformly mixed slurrying with 89-92 parts by weight water.
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| CN109400785A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-03-01 | 中国科学院成都有机化学有限公司 | A kind of vinylacetate with damping capacity fixes the sand emulsion preparation method |
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| JP2005160447A (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2005-06-23 | Saitama Prefecture | Vegetation material and method for producing the same |
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