CN105188613B - 可阶梯地膨胀的椎骨间隔保持架 - Google Patents

可阶梯地膨胀的椎骨间隔保持架 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105188613B
CN105188613B CN201380073006.5A CN201380073006A CN105188613B CN 105188613 B CN105188613 B CN 105188613B CN 201380073006 A CN201380073006 A CN 201380073006A CN 105188613 B CN105188613 B CN 105188613B
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Prior art keywords
vertebra
implant
combine
cover piece
operating instrument
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201380073006.5A
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CN105188613A (zh
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K.德姆舍夫斯基
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Facet Link Inc
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Facet Link Inc
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2002/4635Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor using minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4657Measuring instruments used for implanting artificial joints
    • A61F2002/4658Measuring instruments used for implanting artificial joints for measuring dimensions, e.g. length
    • A61F2002/4661Measuring instruments used for implanting artificial joints for measuring dimensions, e.g. length for measuring thickness

Abstract

用于联合两个相邻的椎骨的椎骨间联合植入物包括基底件(2)和盖子件(3),构造该基底件和盖子件分别用于贴靠到相邻的一个椎骨的面对的端部板上,其中,盖子件相对于基底件能够进行高度调节,其中,在基底件(2)和盖子件(3)之间设置棘爪装置(4),该棘爪装置产生阶梯的高度调节并且固定所调节的高度防止返回。由此能够实现特定的膨胀,所述膨胀取决于操作数量。实现了关于膨胀状态的精确控制,更确切地说以纯粹触觉的方式实现。此外,用所述棘爪装置实现一次调节好的膨胀状态的锁定。

Description

可阶梯地膨胀的椎骨间隔保持架
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可阶梯地膨胀的椎骨间隔保持架,其具有底部件和盖子件用于贴靠在相应上面和下面的相邻的椎骨体的端部板上。
背景技术
通过磨损或者由疾病引起的变化,在脊柱处出现了椎间盘的退化。只要带有适应症的保守疗法和/或物理疗法不起作用,有时表示就要手术治疗。对此已知,将可活动的或者不可活动的植入物插入到具有退化的椎间盘的椎骨间隔中。这些植入物承担退化的椎间盘的支承作用并且在一定程度上再形成相邻的椎骨之间可靠的支撑。不可活动的植入物也称作“保持架”。
为了植入保持架公开了不同的操作技术。典型的操作技术从腹部进入,从而由此避免了损坏脊柱中脊髓的危险。然而这种优点是用通过病人的腹部空间或者胸腔空间的非常长的通道换来的。因为,如果建立备选的通道,即从背部进入,在此会产生复杂性。这虽然提供了较短路程的优点,然而却存在碰撞或者说损伤脊髓的危险。为了将这种危险保持得很小,通常在微创手术的方法中实现这种操作。这种从直接脊背侧的进入或者更多从侧面的进入称作PLIF(后路椎间联合(posterior lumbar intervertebral fusion))或者说TLIF(经椎间开口腰椎椎体间联合术(transforaminelle interkorporelle lumbareFusion))操作技术,其中椎间盘从后面或者侧面暴露。由于在进入时借助于微创手术的较小的横截面,在此自然强烈地限制了保持架的大小。
针对于借助PLIF技术或者说TLIF技术的疗法,公开了非常小的保持架。所述保持架提供了以下优点,即由于其小型化使得其能够通过微创手术得以植入。然而其小型化的固有的缺点在于,支撑功能由于较小的尺寸受到限制并且有时是不充分的。虽然保持架的更大的实施方式改善了支撑功能,但是其由于微创手术的限制不能实施。
发明内容
本发明的任务是如下改善开头所述类型的保持架,从而在今后较小的进入横截面中,如其对于微创手术来说普遍的那样,但还能够达到更好的支撑作用。
按本发明的解决方案存在于独立权利要求的特征。有利的改进方案是从属权利要求的主题。
在用于联合两个相邻的椎骨的椎骨间联合植入物中,该椎骨间联合植入物包括用于贴靠在相邻的椎骨的下面和上面的端部板处的基底件和盖子件,其中,盖子件相对于基底件是能够调节高度的,按本发明在基底件和盖子件之间设置棘爪装置,该棘爪装置引起阶梯的高度调节并且固定所调节的高度防止返回。优选如此实施所述棘爪装置,使得基底件包括用于贴靠在下面的椎骨处的底部壁以及从其中突起的竖壁,并且所述盖子件包括用于贴靠在上面的椎骨处的盖壁以及从其中伸出的侧壁,其中,竖壁和侧壁是棘爪装置的部分。在此,该棘爪装置适宜地具有位于侧壁处的多个定位凸缘(Rastnase)以及位于竖壁上的定位簧,或者相反。
本发明基于以下构思,即通过高度可调节的联合植入物,将其在植入时以紧凑的状态通过微创的通道置入椎骨间隔中,并且其在那里能够在高度方面进行膨胀。这通过操作实施成棘爪装置的高度调节机构实现。由此能够实现限定的膨胀,其依赖于操作数量。对于外科医生来说,由此实现对膨胀状态的精确的控制,更确切地说,以纯粹触觉的方式实现。由此,本发明不受限制,如在对膨胀状态的纯粹视觉的控制中(必要时在伦琴射线控制之下)得出的那样。
此外,用棘爪装置实现了一次调节的膨胀状态的定位。由于棘爪装置的形状配合,由此即使在很大的负载力下也实现保护以免无意的拨回。由此获得了杰出的稳定性,更确切地说,尤其直接在手术之后直到通过骨骼生长最后实现了两个相邻的椎骨体的完全的联合。
有利地设置双重棘爪装置,更确切地说,优选在植入物的每个侧面处设置一个。这一方面即使在不是中心地出现负载时获得了更可靠的支撑。另一方面其实现双重棘爪装置针对于两个侧面调节不同的高度,从而形成盖子件相对于基底件限定的倾翻。由此能够实施针对于脊柱中在相应的椎骨间隔中的弯曲的匹配。为此也能够规定,所述两个棘爪装置在高度方面相互错开,更确切地说,优选通过错开其相应的定位凸缘实现。
优选侧向地在底部壁上设置两个竖壁,并且底部壁是有弹性的。这实现了所述两个竖壁的灵活的可逆的张开,从而简化膨胀运动。同时能够通过很有计划地撑开两个竖壁可选择地实现用于盖子件的拨回可行方案。这实现了对联合植入物的测试或者说在过度膨胀时的复位。在备选地变型方案中仅仅将竖壁实施成弹性的,而底部壁是刚性的。由此避免了底部壁的拱曲。
优选所述盖子件由比底部件的弹性小的材料制成。所述盖子件例如由钴-铬-合金制成,而基底件由弹性的钛合金制成。由此能够实现更大的力接收能力,尤其在棘爪装置的定位凸缘处。
为了防止无意的过度膨胀,优选设置捕获装置,其限制盖子件的调节运动。该捕获装置适宜地通过与凸肩突起部共同作用的止动爪(sperrlinke)形成。由此以简单并且有效的方式防止有害的过度膨胀。在备选的实施方式中,该捕获装置由竖壁中的窗口以及侧向地从侧壁中伸出的嵌入窗口中的横向销形成。优选该横向销布置在侧壁处的下方。由此定位齿在侧壁上能够不中断地穿过,这改善了力传递。
为了实现精细调节,在双重棘爪装置中,优选在所述两个棘爪装置的一个处如此构造定位凸缘,使得其具有一种距离,该距离为两个棘爪装置的另一个处的定位凸缘的距离的整数倍。例如在所述一个棘爪装置处的距离是另外一个棘爪装置处的距离的两倍。由此,一方面能够通过更大的距离实现快速调节。另一方面能够在使用具有更小的距离的棘爪装置的情况下实现更精细的调节,更确切地说尤其在盖子件和基底件之间的倾翻角度的调节方面实现更精细的调节,并且这在实际上具有更显著的优点。
用于定位凸缘相互间的距离的经过证实的大小大约为其突出高度的1.5到3.0倍(其通过齿尖与齿底之间的距离确定)。
所述定位凸缘有利地构造成非对称的、优选构造成锯齿状的。这允许如此进行设计,即在膨胀时由于更有利的侧面角度仅仅需要很小的力,而相对于拨回要施加较大的保持力。证实了所起承载作用的侧面的角度处于5到35°的范围内,优选大约为10°。起承载作用的侧面理解为承受负载的并且由此抵制拨回的侧面。优选如此设计所述锯齿状,使得齿角处于45°到70°的范围内,优选大约为60°。在特别有利的实施方式中,所述定位凸缘相互鳞片状地重叠,其中,所述配对侧面优选同一方向地然而构造得比起承载作用的侧面更平。这种设计实现了膨胀时的操作力与相对于拨回的保持力之间的力关系的特别有利的调节。当定位簧形状配合地嵌入定位凸缘中时,还能够提高这种调节,其中,定位凸缘的形状优选如此配合定位簧,从而实现自锁。由此获得了相对于不希望的拨回的最大限度的固定,其最后仅仅还通过相对于断裂或者剪切而对材料的加载限制来确定。
为了使自锁最大化,在定位凸缘和定位簧处相互共同作用的表面不是相互平行地定向,而是相互成锐角地定向。在此,锐角理解为相应的表面沿着朝定位齿的基底的方向由彼此发散。用这种结构实现了在负载作用下所述定位簧进一步牵拉到所述定位齿之间。由此可靠地避免了定位簧从定位齿中不希望的掉落。如此使得固定作用最大化。
优选在盖子件和基底件之间形成内部的空腔。这实现了骨骼材料如嫁接物或薄片的置入,由此使得有利于用于加固的骨骼材料的生长。为了有利于置入骨骼材料并且尤其也有利于两个相邻的椎骨出来的生长,优选在盖子板和/或底部壁处设置至少一个与空腔连接的穿孔。
此外能够设置锁定元件(Sperrelement),该锁定元件能够推入空腔中。由此能够在植入以及膨胀到所希望的高度之后将盖子件固定在其位置中。如此存在额外的固定作用。优选设置多个带有不同高度的锁定元件,从而根据联合植入物的膨胀能够推入匹配的锁定元件。优选在锁定元件处设置至少一个附加穿孔,其与盖子板和/或底部壁处的穿孔对齐。由此也能够在推入锁定元件时有利于骨骼材料长入空腔中。此外,所述盖子件和/或基底件优选能够在其端侧上具有开口。由此一方面进一步促进生长,并且另一方面也能够在植入之后还将骨骼材料通过该端侧的开口置入空腔中。
所述盖子件和/或基底件有利地在其端侧处倒圆,尤其在其棱角处倒圆。这使按本发明的联合植入物推入椎骨间隔中变得容易。
优选结构化地实施盖子件的上侧和/或基底件的下侧。这理解为其具有规则的突起部或凹处。纵向地也就是沿着从端面到端面的方向延伸的细槽纹和/或横向地也就是从侧壁到侧壁延伸的凹槽是优选的。该槽纹具有由最小0.2mm到最高1mm的间距,而凹槽具有最小2mm并且优选不大于5mm的宽度。所述细槽纹如齿部那样作用并且将椎骨间联合植入物保持在其位置处。所述凹槽尤其在如病人弯腰或者弯曲时经常出现的力加载的情况下防止椎骨间联合植入物移出。此外,其开始时固定椎骨间联合植入物防止滑出。所述上侧和/或下侧有利地设有由钛等离子喷物形成的涂层,其有利于骨骼材料的生长。该钛等离子喷物优选细粒地具有最高90μm的晶粒,从而其也不封闭如所述的槽纹那样的精细结构。在此,靠近边缘的区域朝端侧优选是光滑的或者仅仅设有槽纹,然而没有凹槽。由此确保了用于皮层的椎骨边缘的更大的承载能力。
所述椎骨间联合植入物的整体结构优选普遍是盒子状的。这在制造技术方面是有利的并且简化了植入物笔直地置入到椎骨间隔中。然而,能够期望不是直线地,而是更确切地说弯曲状地植入。为此,所述椎骨间联合植入物优选构造为圆拱形地弯曲。这尤其在借助于所谓的TLIF方法(经椎间开口腰椎椎体间联合术)从斜后方进入时简化了植入。此外,以以下方式,即一个端壁低于另一个端壁使得所述椎骨间联合植入物能够是楔形的。优选楔角在大约3°到15°的范围内。由此能够实现对脊柱的曲率的更好的匹配,尤其对于脊柱前凸。
已经膨胀的椎骨间联合植入物能够适宜地拨回到紧凑的程度上,如其为了植入所调节的那样。这能够在关于功能良好性方面的体外测试之后或者在必要时以测试方式进行的(过度)膨胀之后实现。为了能够再次拨回椎骨间联合植入物,设置了用于棘爪装置的释放装置。其能够在简单的情况下借助于布置在竖壁和/或侧壁的自由的端部处的用于侧面作用的张开元件的容纳部实现。这些容纳部张开了竖壁,使得定位齿从定位簧的啮合区域中运动出来,并且所述盖子件能够相对于基底件再次进行拨回。在优选的实施方式中,所述容纳部实施成竖壁的上面端部上的孔,优选在止动爪的区域内。这实现了尽管仅仅在椎骨间隔的外部的状态下特别简单的拨回选择。
钳子状的仪器特别适合用作张开元件,该张开元件以其夹子抓到容纳部中。
本发明进一步涉及由按前面权利要求中任一项所述的椎骨间联合植入物与用于操作高度调节构造的操作仪器构成的组件。在此优选如此构造所述操作仪器,使得其具有最多和椎骨间联合植入物的横截面一样大的横截面。由此确保在使用操作仪器的情况下通过相同的小型的微创通道能够如椎骨间联合植入物的原本的插入那样实现膨胀。由此不需要专门的第二通道。由此不仅降低了花费而且也照顾了病人。
所述操作仪器能够实施成具有两个扩张块的抽拉式楔块扩展器。在此,拉伸楔块优选布置在扩张块处的前面的区域内。通过拉伸楔块的运动能够引起扩张块的膨胀,所述扩张块又从内部作用到盖子件或者基底件上并且由此使其膨胀。
优选为拉伸楔块的运动设置了牵引机构,从而在扩张块之间向后进行引导。后面在此理解为离开植入物向外朝着外科医生的方向进行引导。这对于外科医生实现了从外部通过微创通道的容易的操作。在扩张块之间牵引机构的引导部实现了紧凑的结构。此外,这实现了很好地保护牵引机构免受机械损害。所述牵引机构有利地实施成操作主轴。其实现了精确的调节并且还允许通过沿着相反方向的旋转引起可逆操作。
在所提到的实施方式中,在操作主轴的前面端部处布置了拉伸楔块,并且在后面的位于外面的端部处支承调节轮。这实现了从外面进行的容易的可逆的操作。
外科医生当通过触觉反馈获得关于高度调节范围内的概念时,原则上就足够了。然而也能够有利的是,所述操作仪器具有显示装置,该显示装置标明了椎骨间联合植入物的实现的高度调节。优选该显示装置为此具有与实现的高度调节成比例的显示。由此,对于外科医生来说,对已经实现的膨胀的确定变得容易。
备选地,操作仪器也能够设置成扭杆调节器。其包括引导件以及在其中能够偏转运动地进行引导的杠杆件,其中,在这两者处设置要么用于基底件的容纳部,要么用于盖子件的容纳部。适宜地,其如此进行构造,使得基底件固定在引导件的前面的端部上,而盖子件抗扭地固定在杠杆件上。为此适宜地在杠杆件的前面的端部处设置螺栓连接,其嵌入盖子件的端侧中开口的相应的配对螺纹中。
所述杠杆件优选地在其后面的端部处具有用于操作的肘节(Knebel)。其支承在引导件中,如此构造该引导件,使得所述杠杆件可沿径向方向运动地得到支承。这意味着通过沿径向方向偏转肘节相应地旋转杠杆件。
所述杠杆件优选还具有轴向孔,将固定主轴插过该轴向孔。该固定主轴用于能够简单松开地将盖子件固定在杠杆件处。得到证实的是,在引导件处设置带有用于肘节的空隙的罩子。在此,如此构造该空隙,使得其沿径向方向具有比相应于肘节的厚度大的宽度。由此,所述肘节沿径向方向可运动地在罩子中并且由此能够来回运动。这种来回运动传递到在前面端部处固定拧紧的盖子件上,该盖子件自身相应地倾翻并且由此交替地在两个棘爪装置处使各个定位齿进一步向上移动。以这种方式产生高度调节。此外,如果希望倾翻,就能够通过非偶数数量的操作过程调节倾翻。
另一替代的操作仪器实施成带有十字杠杆的平行张开器。该十字杠杆形成了翻转运动机构(Umkehrkinematik),由此所述张开器在施加到把手上的压力下张开。所述动力机构在应用中相比于没有十字杠杆的简单的钳子是有利的,其中必须将把手张开。此外,所述平行张开器优选具有可调节的止挡装置。用该止挡装置能够固定最大张开度,起然后不会被超过。这尤其在用困难的通道环境进行植入时是有利的,因为如此外科医生在张开期间不必再手动控制实现的位置。适宜地设置具有多个预先确定的以及标记的位置的旋转轮。由此相应地调节止挡装置。如此能够简单地调节所希望的张开度。
优选所述扩张块不同于基底件或者盖子件的固定方面进行实施。优选仅仅在所述扩张块的一个处布置用于形状配合的容纳的装置,更确切地说优选布置作为嵌入到基底件中的穿孔中的突起部。通过不同的构造在如下意义中实现错误确定的编码,即所述椎骨间联合植入物仅仅以定向正确地由操作仪器容纳。由此排除了通过关于错误的容纳引起的错误。
附图说明
下面参照附图根据有利的实施例详细地解释本发明。附图示出:
图1:在椎骨体处植入的状态下椎骨间联合植入物的实施例的视图;
图2:根据图1中所示的实施方式的基底件和盖子件的透视图;
图3:用于棘爪装置的作用的示意图;
图4:按图3的棘爪装置的齿的放大的视图;
图5:在实施例的变型方案中捕获装置的例子;
图6:释放装置在锁上以及解锁位置中的视图;
图7:固定元件在拆卸以及装配的状态下的透视图以及剖视图;
图8:用于操作仪器的夹子头部的透视图;
图9:按图8的操作仪器在松开的以及部分膨胀的状态下的剖视图;
图10:操作仪器的俯视图以及剖面的细节图;
图11:第二实施方式的透视图;
图12:根据第三实施方式用于椎骨间联合假体的两部分的操作仪器;
图13:第二操作仪器在部分装配的以及完全装配的状态下的视图;
图14:用于椎骨间联合植入物的另一实施例的透视图;
图15:相对于图14的剖视图;
图16:相对于图14的细节放大图;
图17:相对于图14的变型方案的侧视图;
图18:操作仪器的第四实施方式的俯视图;
图19:相对于图18的细节放大图;以及
图20:相对于图18的另一细节放大图。
具体实施方式
其整体用附图标记1表示的椎骨间联合植入物为了植入椎骨间隔91中设置在两个直接相邻的椎骨体9、9’之间。在生理功能正常的脊柱中在椎骨之间在椎骨间隔中存在椎间盘90。该椎间盘会由于疾病或者磨损而退化,使得其必须至少部分地切除。为了尽管损失了椎间盘材料,但还是要实现椎骨间隔91的足够的支撑并且由此防止脊柱萎缩,将椎骨间联合植入物1插入椎骨间隔91中。其起到支撑作用并且由此使两个相邻的椎骨9、9’在自然进程中通过骨骼生长引起的联合变得容易。
椎骨间联合植入物1包括基底件2,该基底件靠在下面相邻的椎骨9的上面的端部板92上。此外,该椎骨间联合植入物包括盖子件3,该盖子件贴靠在上面相邻的椎骨9’的下面的端部板93上。为了确保一方面基底件2可靠地贴靠在下面的端部板92处并且另一方面盖子件3可靠地贴靠在上面的椎骨9’的下面的端部板93处,要求所述椎骨间联合植入物1在其高度上相应进行调节。其必须如此程度地进行膨胀,直到所述基底件2和所述盖子件3牢固地贴靠在相应的端部板92、93处。
为了在膨胀的意义上实现基底件2和盖子件3由彼此运动,设置了棘爪装置4。该棘爪装置在盖子件处包括大量的定位齿43,所述定位齿与基底件2处的定位簧42共同作用。
为了一方面将按本发明的椎骨间联合植入物1的结构保持紧凑并且由此能够通过在微创手术的方法中准备的通道进行植入,然而另一方面能够在椎骨间隔91中包含足够大的支撑作用,按本发明的椎骨间联合植入物1实施成高度可调节的。为此,其具有基底件2和盖子件3,该盖子件布置成在其高度方面可相对于基底件2运动的。所述基底件2实施成基本上沟槽状的并且包括底部壁22(所述底部壁22作用为在下面相邻的椎骨9的端部板92处的贴靠面)以及在两个侧面包括分别垂直向上伸出的竖壁21。由此,所述基底件2在横截面中是整体为U形的。在竖壁21的上面端部处布置了定位簧42作为棘爪装置4的一部分。此外,在竖壁21的上面端部处大约中心地布置了突起部52,该突起部形成了捕获装置5的一部分。在底部壁22中构造多个开口24,所述开口将侧壁21之间的沟槽状结构的内部中的空腔10与底部壁22下方的空间进行连接。这有利于骨骼生长到椎骨间联合植入物1中。
此外,用于按本发明的椎骨间联合植入物1的所示的实施例包括盖子件3。该盖子件具有普遍盒状的结构,其带有基本上平坦的上侧33,该上侧作为上面相邻的椎骨9’的下面端部板93的贴靠面。在侧面处布置了分别向下伸出的侧壁31。该侧壁在其指向外的表面处承载多个定位齿43,所述定位齿形成了棘爪装置4的一部分并且与基底件2处的定位簧42共同作用。在所示出的实施例中在端侧处设置了端壁30。该端壁是可选的并且也能够取消。此外,在侧壁31处大致在中间形成了接触凸肩53。该接触凸肩在其尺寸方面如此进行选择,使得其与基底件2处的突起部52共同作用。在此,如此选择所述接触凸肩53的布置方案,使得其在盖子件3相对于基底件2的最大扩展位置中贴靠在所述突起部52上。由此实现了止挡限制。由此,所述突起部52和所述接触凸肩53共同作用为捕获装置5。在上侧33处构造了多个穿孔34,从而实现了骨骼材料长到盖子件的内部中。
为了进行植入,所述盖子件3插入沟槽状的基底件2的空腔10中。由此,植入物处于最小膨胀的状态中,如其在图3a中在三个上下布置的视图的最上面的视图中所描述的那样。在该状态下,将植入物引入到椎骨间隔91中,直到其大致达到在图1b中所示的位置。在下一个步骤中,该植入物就能够如此程度地扩展,直到将其调整到椎骨间隔91的高度上。这以以下方式进行,即所述盖子件3借助于操作仪器8向上运动,其中,定位簧42依次与在盖子件3的侧面31处的不同的定位齿43逐渐啮合并且如此固定所实现的膨胀位置。这个膨胀过程在图3a中的三个视图中进行描绘。
所述定位齿43形成锯齿状的。每个齿43具有两个侧面45、47。在此,较短的侧面45是承受载荷的侧面,该侧面传递力地与定位簧42进入啮合。该承受载荷的侧面45成形为指向下的并且由此沿着和其它没有承受载荷的接触侧面47相同的方向定向。由此在从侧向的观察方式中,得到定位齿43的一定程度的鳞片状的重叠。在图4所示的实施例中,如此选择角度α和β,使得角度α大致为60°并且角度β为8°。所述定位簧42的上侧46倾斜了所说明的角度β。由此,与承受载荷的侧面45的指向下的定向共同地在负载力F的作用下获得指向内的侧向力L,该侧向力将定位簧42拉入齿部43中并且由此将其进行保护免于从定位齿43中不希望的掉落。由此,以以下方式实现了自锁,即负载力F越大,固定力L就越大。
为了防止在膨胀时盖子件向上运动得太远并且由此定位簧42从定位齿43的区域出来,如在图5中所示,替代地设置了捕获装置5’。该捕获装置在每个定位簧42处、更确切地说在其中间包括突起部52’。在所述盖子件3处,在定位齿43下方布置了指向下的卡箍53’,如此选择该卡箍的尺寸,使得其包围所述突起部52’。如果实现了最大膨胀,那么所述卡箍53’就卡到所述突起部52’下方并且防止进一步的膨胀运动。
所述膨胀运动通常在棘爪装置4的两侧上均匀地实现用于高度调节的目的,如也在图3a中所描绘的那样。然而也能够期望为了调到特定的倾翻角而不均匀地进行调节。根据是否在一侧上更多地调节一个或两个定位齿43,能够限定地调到所希望的倾翻角。外科医生为此只需要数出“咔嗒声”的数量,也就是通过将定位簧42啮合入不同的定位齿43中引起的在棘爪装置4中的卡位过程的数量。为了更精确地调节倾翻,也能够设置更精细分级的齿43’,具有相应一半尺寸的这些齿43’与齿43相比有两倍之多。合适地,所述两个棘爪装置的仅仅一个设有更精细的齿,如在图5中所示。可选地所述齿43、43’的开始点在两个棘爪装置之间相互错开。
能够要求所述盖子件3从其膨胀的位置再调回到较少的膨胀或者完全不再膨胀的位置中,如其用于植入那样。为此,合适地设置了复位装置6。所述复位装置包括带有钳子状的夹子61的仪器,所述夹子以在其前端处相应的夹子尖端62嵌入竖壁21的上侧处的为此目的设置的容纳开口60中。通过以钳子状的运动撑开所述夹子61,使得两个对置的竖壁21相互远离地运动,由此相应的竖壁21处的定位簧42不再与盖子件3处的定位齿43处于啮合中。由此释放棘爪装置4。所述盖子件3能够自由地向下运动并且以这种方式进行调回。优选为此目的如此选择所述基底件2的材料,使得其能够弹性地进行变形,尤其是底部壁22。这在图6中示出。
为了在实现膨胀之后,达到针对于所实现的高度调节的额外的固定,能够设置专门的锁定元件70。优选如此形成该锁定元件,使得其在膨胀时扩大的空腔10中能够相匹配地推入盖子件3与基底件2之间。显而易见,在此根据膨胀情况必须使用不同的锁定元件70。所述锁定元件70优选具有中心的穿孔74,该穿孔与盖子件3处的穿孔34或者基底件2处的穿孔24对齐。由此空腔10能够进一步容易地得到实现并且实现骨骼材料的生长。所述锁定元件70在推入的状态下固定盖子件3防止回返到基底件2中,如其在图7b中所示。
为了借助于膨胀进行高度调节,设置了操作仪器。其实施成带有两个扩张块81的抽拉式楔块扩展器8。所述扩张块在抽拉式楔块扩展器前面的端部上设有容纳部84,这些容纳部形状配合地嵌入到所述穿孔34中。在前面的端部上,所述扩张块81切成V形的,其中,在该切口中插入成形为楔形的拉伸楔块82。该拉伸楔块82与牵引机构80连接,该牵引机构沿着操作仪器8的纵轴线在其整个长度上延伸(参见图10)。该牵引机构以其在拉伸楔块82处的前面的端部开始,并且在操作仪器8的后面的端部处在手轮88中结束,在所述手轮中操作仪器通过螺杆螺纹89得到支承。通过扭转手轮88借助于螺杆螺纹89使牵引机构80向后运动,由此使得拉伸楔块82沉入两个扩张块81之间的V形的凹处中。所述扩张块81由此相互排出(参见图9,上面的视图用于没有膨胀的初始状态并且下面的视图用于已膨胀的状态)。根据螺杆螺纹89的导程,外科医生能够通过手轮88的确定的转数达到所希望的撑开作用,由此关于所述基底件2对所述盖子件3根据高度进行调节。为了额外地控制所实现的膨胀状态设置了显示装置85。该显示装置包括布置在扩张块81处的刻度86以及布置在牵引机构80处的指示针87。该指示针87与牵引机构共同地在张开过程中向后进行牵拉,由此,其位置相对于刻度86得到改变并且能够由此读出实现的膨胀状态。
在图11中示出了用于椎骨间联合植入物1’的备选的第二实施例。其构造为基本上与按图1的椎骨间联合植入物相同,然而不同之处在于,该椎骨间联合植入物不是实施成盒状笔直的,而是基本上实施成圆弧状弯曲的。按照意义,前面的描述适用于结构以及工作原理。
在尤其适合于横向植入的另外的实施方式中(如其在图1a中通过椎间盘90区域内的虚线所说明的),设置了椎骨间隔植入物的另一实施方式。该实施方式在其端侧30的区域内具有开口,操作仪器的一部分能够拧入该开口中(参见图2a中虚线示出的开口38)。为此在图12和13中示出设置的操作仪器7。所述操作仪器包括杠杆件71以及引导件73。此外设置了螺杆72,该螺杆插入沿着杠杆件71的纵轴线方向布置的轴向孔75’中。所述杠杆件71在其后面的端部处具有径向于侧面站立的肘节75。所述杠杆件71在其前面的端部处具有夹块71’,构造该夹块用于抓住基底件2的底部壁22。所述引导件73在其前面的端部处具有第二夹块73’,以相应的方式构造该夹块用于抓住盖子件3的盖壁33。所述引导件73在后面的端部处具有引导罩77,该引导罩向前在一侧敞开并且在其后面的关闭的端部处具有中央的把手78。所述引导罩在其正面的包围罩的敞开的端部的边缘处具有空隙79。如此对该空隙79进行尺寸设计,使得其沿着径向看具有比杠杆件71的肘节75大的宽度。
为了进行装配,所述螺杆72插过杠杆件71的轴向开口75’并且以其前面的端部上的螺纹72’固定到盖子件3的端侧30处的开口38的螺纹中。在螺杆72的后面的端部处的滚花头部76用于固定拧紧。所述杠杆件71连同固定在其处的盖子件3然后放置到引导件73上,更确切地说,如此进行放置,使得杠杆件以其肘件75嵌入空隙79中。所述基底件2在操作件正面的端部上插到操作件73上。由此,所述植入物在其装配位置中插到仪器7上,也就是没有膨胀。
以以下方式实现膨胀,即所述盖子件3相对于基底件2逐渐地倾斜,使得定位簧42总是在一侧上多跳过一个定位齿43。以以下方式实现了这种相互间的倾翻,即所述肘节75在空隙79中从某一径向的端部位置到另一径向的端部位置中来回偏转,在图13c中通过双箭头示出。由此逐渐地倾翻所述盖子件3并且在此同时使其膨胀。上面的描述相应地适用于其他的描述。
在图14到17中示出了用于椎骨间联合植入物的另外的备选的实施方式。其基于图2中所示的实施方式,并且相同的组件设有相同的附图标记,从而就这方面放弃了对其进行解释。该实施方式具有备选的捕获装置5’。该捕获装置包括横向销52’,该横向销向外伸出地布置在侧壁31处下方(也参见图16中的细节图)。该横向销52’嵌入窗口状的切口53’中,该切口在竖壁21中形成。通过竖壁沿着垂直方向延伸的形状,其允许盖子件2的高度调节,更确切地说,直到最后横向销52’碰到窗口状的切口53’的上面端部上。由此防止了进一步的运动。将横向销52’在安装到侧壁31处下方具有以下优点,即在侧壁处的所述齿43能够不中断地通过。由此,所述齿比在图5中所示的备选的实施方式中的中断的齿坚硬并且牢固。
在图14中所示的实施方式还设有一种结构。该结构在其上侧33上以及在其下侧22处具有凹口29,该凹口沿着横向方向从一侧延伸到另一侧。所述凹口大约有2mm宽并且用于改善椎骨间联合植入物在椎骨9的端部板92、93上的固定。所述上侧33以及下侧22的随后在前面的或者后面的区域内的靠近边缘的区域没有凹口29,从而不影响在该区域内的负载承载能力。沿纵向构造了大量精细的槽纹28,所述槽纹从一个端侧延伸到另一个端侧。其具有大致1mm的间距并且同样用于改善固定。此外,所述上侧33以及下侧22设有由钛喷物27制成的涂层。其是细粒的并且因此不会堵塞所述槽纹28。所述涂层有利于骨骼材料的长牢以及生长。要注意的是,所述结构或者说涂层不仅限制在该实施方式上,而且同样也能够在其余的实施方式中设置。
如从图17中能够看出,所述椎骨间联合植入物能够具有带有楔角γ的楔形。由此其更好地适合于这种布置在脊柱的强烈弯曲的区段中的椎骨之间的植入。要注意的是,所述楔形不仅限制于所述实施方式,而且同样也能够设置在其余的实施方式中。
在图18到20中示出了用于操作仪器8’的另外的实施方式。该操作仪器以其前面的、构造用于容纳椎骨间联合植入物的区域在很大程度上与图10中所示的仪器相符。相同类型的组件带有相同的附图标记,从而在这里放弃了对其的解释。所述仪器8’实施成平行张开器。其如同钳子那样进行操作,其中,扩张块81’’、81’’’相互直线远离地进行运动。特别的是,所述仪器8’一方面具有十字杠杆89’,用该十字杠杆形成了反向运动。其以以下方式进行工作,即在后面的把手区域中压紧在所述仪器9’时,扩张块81’’、81’’’在前面的区域中相互远离运动。这显著简化了操作。此外,设置了带有拉伸楔块82的机构用于张开,如也在图9和10所示的仪器中。
另一方面,所述操作仪器8’具有止挡装置87’。该止挡装置限制了拉伸楔块82’的调节行程并且由此限制了张开行程。为此,在所述仪器8’的后面的端部处设置了转轮88’,该转轮可以调节到预先确定的位置中。根据位置,其形成用于牵引机构80的伸出较多或较少的距离的止挡件87’,该牵引机构通过拉出杠杆80’进行操作。外科医生在插入植入物之后为了张开只需要操作拉出杠杆80’,更确切地说,直到牵引机构80以其后面的端部贴靠在能够通过转轮88’调节的止挡件87上。由此,以所希望的方式使得植入物膨胀。在转轮处布置了标记86’,该标记显示了相应可调节的膨胀位置。通过将手轮88’调节到所希望的膨胀位置上,自动地确保所述操作仪器8’在达到其位置时停止。由此消除了过度膨胀的危险以及由此导致的对于病人的风险。

Claims (62)

1.用于联合两个相邻的椎骨(9、9’)的椎骨间联合植入物,包括基底件(2)和盖子件(3),构造所述基底件和所述盖子件分别用于贴靠到所述相邻的椎骨(9、9’)中的一个的面对的端部板(92)处,其中,所述盖子件(3)相对于所述基底件(2)能够进行高度调节,
其特征在于,
在基底件(2)和盖子件(3)之间设置棘爪装置(4),所述棘爪装置产生阶梯的高度调节并且固定所调节的高度防止返回,其中,设置了限制所述盖子件(3)的调节运动的捕获装置(5),并且设置用于所述棘爪装置(4)的释放装置(6)。
2.按权利要求1所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述基底件(2)包括用于贴靠到所述相邻的椎骨中的一个(9)处的底部壁以及从所述底部壁伸出的竖壁(21),并且所述盖子件(3)包括用于贴靠到所述相邻的椎骨中的另一个(9’)处的盖子壁以及从所述盖子壁中伸出的侧壁(31),其中,所述竖壁(21)和所述侧壁(31)是所述棘爪装置(4)的部分。
3.按权利要求2所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述棘爪装置(4)是多部件的,并且在所述棘爪装置的部件中的一个部件(31)处具有多个定位凸缘(43)并且在所述棘爪装置的部件中的另一个部件(21)处具有定位簧(42)。
4.按权利要求3所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述定位凸缘(43)布置在所述侧壁(31)处并且所述定位簧(42)布置在所述竖壁(21)处,或者相反。
5.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,设置双重棘爪装置(4)。
6.按权利要求5所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述双重棘爪装置(4)的两个棘爪装置(4)按高度相互错开。
7.按权利要求6所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,在所述两个棘爪装置(4)中的一个处的定位凸缘(43)具有一种距离,所述距离为所述两个棘爪装置中的另一个处的定位凸缘(43)的距离的整数倍。
8.按权利要求2所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,两个竖壁(21)在侧面设置在所述底部壁处。
9.按权利要求3所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述定位凸缘(43)构造成非对称的。
10.按权利要求3所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述定位凸缘(43)相互间的距离为所述定位凸缘的突出高度的1.5到3.0倍。
11.按权利要求3所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,起承载作用的侧面(45)的角度β处于5到35°的范围内。
12.按权利要求11所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述定位凸缘(43)相互鳞状地重叠,其中,配对侧面(47)比所述起承载作用的侧面(45)更平地定向。
13.按权利要求3所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述定位簧(42)形状配合地嵌入所述定位凸缘(43)中。
14.按权利要求13所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,为了进行自锁,在定位凸缘(43)和定位簧(42)处的相互地共同作用的表面(45、46)不是平行的,而是相互呈锐角地定向。
15.按权利要求2所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述捕获装置(5)通过与凸肩突起部(53)共同作用的止动爪(52)和/或由所述盖子件(3)处的横向销形成,所述横向销嵌入所述基底件(2)处的窗口状的切口中。
16.按权利要求2所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,在盖子件(3)和基底件(2)之间形成内部的空腔(10)。
17.按权利要求16所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,在盖板和/或所述底部壁处设置至少一个穿孔(34),所述至少一个穿孔与所述空腔(10)连接。
18.按权利要求17所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,设置锁定元件(70),所述锁定元件能够推入所述空腔(10)中并且将所述盖子件(3)固定在其位置中。
19.按权利要求18所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,在所述锁定元件(70)处设置至少一个附加穿孔(74),所述至少一个附加穿孔与在所述盖板和/或所述底部壁处的穿孔(34)对齐。
20.按权利要求1所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述盖子件(3)和/或所述基底件(2)在其端侧(38)处进行倒圆。
21.按权利要求1所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述盖子件和/或所述基底件在其端侧(38)处具有开口。
22.按权利要求1所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述椎骨间联合植入物构造为盒子状地笔直的或者圆拱状地弯曲的。
23.按权利要求15所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,在所述竖壁(21)和/或所述侧壁(31)的自由端部处形成用于侧面作用的张开元件(61)的容纳部。
24.按权利要求23所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述容纳部是所述竖壁(21)的上面端部处的孔(60)。
25.按权利要求23所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述张开元件是钳子状的仪器,所述钳子状的仪器以其夹子(61)抓入所述容纳部(60)中。
26.按权利要求1所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述盖子件(3)由具有相比于所述基底件(2)小的弹性的材料制成。
27.按权利要求1所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述椎骨间联合植入物以以下方式构造成楔形,即一个端壁比另一个端壁低。
28.按权利要求1所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述盖子件(3)的上侧(33)和/或所述基底件(2)的下侧(22)结构化地实施。
29.按权利要求28所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述上侧(33)和所述下侧(22)的边缘在端壁(30)区域内没有结构化,然而至少没有凹槽(28)。
30.按权利要求28所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,至少所述上侧(33)和/或所述下侧(22)涂有钛等离子喷物(27)。
31.按权利要求5所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述双重棘爪装置(4)设置在植入物(1)的每个侧面处。
32.按权利要求6所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述两个棘爪装置(4)通过错开所述两个棘爪装置(4)的相应的定位凸缘(43)来相互错开。
33.按权利要求7所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述距离为所述两个棘爪装置中的另一个处的定位凸缘(43)的距离的两倍。
34.按权利要求8所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,仅仅所述竖壁(21)是有弹性的并且所述底部壁是刚性的。
35.按权利要求9所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述定位凸缘(43)构造成锯齿状的。
36.按权利要求11所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,起承载作用的侧面(45)的角度β为10°。
37.按权利要求12所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,配对侧面(47)同方向地、然而比所述起承载作用的侧面(45)更平地定向。
38.按权利要求13所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述定位凸缘(43)的形状与所述定位簧(42)协调,使得实现自锁。
39.按权利要求20所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述盖子件(3)和/或所述基底件(2)在其棱角处进行倒圆。
40.按权利要求24所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述容纳部是所述竖壁(21)的上面端部处的在所述止动爪(52)的区域内的孔(60)。
41.按权利要求27所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述椎骨间联合植入物具有3°到15°的楔角。
42.按权利要求28所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述盖子件(3)的上侧(33)和/或所述基底件(2)的下侧(22)以槽纹(29)或凹槽(28)的结构进行实施。
43.按权利要求30所述的椎骨间联合植入物,其特征在于,所述钛等离子喷物具有最多90μm的晶粒。
44.用于按上述权利要求1-43中任一项所述的椎骨间联合植入物的操作仪器,其特征在于,所述操作仪器(7、8)具有最多和所述椎骨间联合植入物(1)的横截面一样大小的横截面,其中,所述操作仪器(8)具有显示装置(85),所述显示装置标明了所述椎骨间联合植入物(1)的实现的高度调节,并且,所述显示装置(85)具有与高度调节成比例的显示。
45.按权利要求44所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,所述操作仪器实施成具有两个扩张块(81、81’)的抽拉式楔块扩展器(8)。
46.按权利要求45所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,拉伸楔块(82)布置在所述扩张块(81、81’)处前面的区域内。
47.按权利要求46所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,设置牵引机构(80)用于所述拉伸楔块(82),所述拉伸楔块在所述扩张块(81、81’)之间向后进行引导。
48.按权利要求47所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,牵引机构(80)是操作主轴(89)。
49.按权利要求48所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,构造所述操作主轴(89)用于膨胀以及沿反向的可逆操作。
50.按权利要求48所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,在所述操作主轴(89)的前面的端部处布置所述拉伸楔块(82),并且所述操作主轴(89)以其后面的端部支承在调节轮(88)中。
51.按权利要求45所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,所述扩张块(81、81’)具有用于形状配合地固定在所述椎骨间联合植入物的基底件(2)和/或盖子件(3)处的装置(84)。
52.按权利要求44所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,所述操作仪器构造成旋转杠杆调节器(7),具有引导件(73)以及能够偏转运动地在所述引导件中进行引导的杠杆件(71),其中,在两者处设置要么用于所述基底件(2)要么用于所述盖子件(3)的容纳部。
53.按权利要求52所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,所述杠杆件(71)在其后面的端部处具有用于操作的肘节(75),并且构造所述引导件用于能够沿径向方向运动地支承所述肘节(75)。
54.按权利要求53所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,在所述引导件(73)处设置带有用于所述肘节(75)的空隙(79)的罩子(77),其中,所述空隙(79)沿径向方向具有大于所述肘节(75)的厚度的宽度。
55.按权利要求44所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,所述操作仪器实施成平行张开器。
56.按权利要求47所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,所述牵引机构(80)由拉出杠杆(80’)进行操作。
57.按权利要求45所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,仅仅在所述扩张块中的一个处设置用于形状配合地保持所述基底件(2)和/或所述盖子件(3)的装置。
58.按权利要求51所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,所述装置构造为嵌入所述椎骨间联合植入物的穿孔(34)中的突起部。
59.按权利要求55所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,所述平行张开器具有十字杠杆(89’)作为翻转运动机构。
60.按权利要求56所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,为所述拉出杠杆设置能够调节到预先确定的位置中的止挡装置(87’)。
61.按权利要求57所述的操作仪器,其特征在于,所述装置构造为仅仅嵌入所述基底件(2)中的穿孔中的突起部(84)。
62.由按权利要求1到43中任一项所述的椎骨间联合植入物以及按权利要求44到61中任一项所述的操作仪器组成的设备。
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CA2894757A1 (en) 2014-06-19
ZA201504734B (en) 2016-07-27
EP2931183B1 (de) 2018-05-16
WO2014091030A1 (de) 2014-06-19
CN105188613A (zh) 2015-12-23
JP2015536775A (ja) 2015-12-24
AU2013357235B2 (en) 2018-08-09
AU2013357235A1 (en) 2015-07-30
KR20150115732A (ko) 2015-10-14
ES2675589T3 (es) 2018-07-11
EP2931183A1 (de) 2015-10-21
IL239141A0 (en) 2015-07-30
MX2015007453A (es) 2015-12-15

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