CN105185927A - 一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔，包括第一涂碳层、第一硅化层、铝箔合金层、第二硅化层、第二涂碳层，该铝箔具有层状结构，所述软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔由内到外依次为第一涂碳层、第一硅化层、铝箔合金层、第二硅化层、第二涂碳层。本发明中铝箔采用合金铝具有更好的延展性，合金铝箔表面进行硅化处理可提高铝箔的阻隔性能和防腐性能，同时在铝箔的最外层附加一层含碳涂层，它提供了极佳的静态导电性能，收集活性物质的微电流，从而可以大幅度降低正/负极材料和集流之间的接触电阻，并能提高两者之间的附着能力，可减少粘结剂的使用量，进而使电池的整体性能产生显著的提升，该铝箔满足聚合物锂离子电池软包装膜材料中对铝箔延展性、阻隔性及强粘结性的要求，该发明铝箔材料可应用作为软包装膜制备的原材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池包装材料领域，特别涉及一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔材料。
背景技术
聚合物锂离子电池是未来锂离子电池主要发展方向，如何保证、提高聚合物锂离子电池的储能及带电时间，其不仅与电池的正、负极材料及聚合物电解质有关，而且还与聚合物锂离子电池外包装膜有密切关系。
聚合物锂离子电池外包装膜选择的好坏直接关系电池的稳定运行及使用寿命，因为该类型电池外包装膜要求具有更优异的阻隔性、热封性及延展成型性，外包装膜对水分、氧气的阻隔性比普通外包装复合膜阻隔性要高10000倍，因为少量的水分或氧气等的进入会改变电解质的成分及生产腐蚀性强的氢氟酸，当氢氟酸存在时会严重腐蚀铝箔，使内膜与铝箔分离，进而把铝箔腐蚀穿孔，从而破坏整个外包装。
铝箔是外包装膜中的核心材料，其主要起到阻隔和外包装成型性的作用，同时其还需要与内膜、外膜有很强的粘结性能，防止应用过程中发生分层现象，实现铝箔功能多样化，因而对其铝箔材料的选择更加严苛，如何选择和制备适合软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔材料是软包装膜质量优异的核心。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔。该专膜用铝箔具有优异的阻隔性及延展成型性，同时铝箔表面涂碳层可很好地与其他高聚物、热熔胶膜或粘结剂进行强复合，该铝箔材料可应用作为聚合物锂离子电池外包装复合膜中的制备原材料之一。
本发明的技术方案为：一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔，包括第一涂碳层、第一硅化层、铝箔合金层、第二硅化层、第二涂碳层，该铝箔具有层状结构，所述软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔由内到外依次为第一涂碳层、第一硅化层、铝箔合金层、第二硅化层、第二涂碳层。。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，所述第一涂碳层、第二涂碳层中材质为材质以纳米石墨、石墨烯、碳纳米管为主材的一种或其组合，碳涂料选水性或油性涂料中的一种。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，所述第一涂碳层、第二涂碳层的厚度为500-5000nm。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，所述第一硅化层、第二硅化层中材质为氧化硅材料形成的致密硅状层，硅化物的原材料为原硅酸四乙酯、二氧化硅、钛硅混合氧化物中的一种或组合。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，所述第一硅化层、第二硅化层的层厚为100-2000nm。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，所述铝箔合金层中材质为铝与金、铂、铜、银、钨、镁、锌、硅、锰中的一种或其组合，铝与其他金属的比例为100/0-90/10。
采用上述技术方案后，本发明的有益效果是：首先，通过在铝箔表面处理形成硅化层，可有效提高铝箔的抗腐蚀和阻隔性，其次，在铝箔的最外层增加一层含碳涂层，可提高铝箔与其他材料的粘结强度，使铝箔与其他材料形成复合膜不分层，同时提供极佳的静态导电性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
其中，1为第一涂碳层；2为第一硅化层；3为铝箔合金层；4为第二硅化层；5为第二涂碳层。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐明本发明。
实施例
如图1所示，本发明提供了一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔，包括第一涂碳层1、第一硅化层2、铝箔合金层3、第二硅化层4、第二涂碳层5，该铝箔具有层状结构，所述软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔由内到外依次为第一涂碳层1、第一硅化层2、铝箔合金层3、第二硅化层4、第二涂碳层5。
所述第一涂碳层1、第二涂碳层5中材质为材质以纳米石墨、石墨烯、碳纳米管为主材的一种或其组合，碳涂料选水性或油性涂料中的一种。
所述第一涂碳层、第二涂碳层的厚度为500-5000nm。
所述第一硅化层、第二硅化层中材质为氧化硅材料形成的致密硅状层，硅化物的原材料为原硅酸四乙酯、二氧化硅、钛硅混合氧化物中的一种或组合。
所述第一硅化层、第二硅化层的层厚为100-2000nm。
所述铝箔合金层中材质为铝与金、铂、铜、银、钨、镁、锌、硅、锰中的一种或其组合，铝与其他金属的比例为100/0-90/10。
所述一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔制备工艺，包括如下步骤：
1）铝合金原料扎制、合卷、双合扎制、分切、退火，得到铝箔合金。
2）在铝箔合金双面利用圆筒型电极柱方法通过在N2/O2/Ar的空气气流下等离子辊对辊负载硅化物，形成硅化层；
3）在铝箔合金硅化层外层涂覆含碳涂料，形成含碳层，干燥为成品铝合金。
本发明的产品经过测定达到以下指标：
1.剥离强度测试：电解液浸泡85℃、7天，铝箔与PP间剥离强度大于等于10N/15mm；
2.阻隔性测试：1）水蒸汽透过量水蒸汽透过量＜10-5g/m2·d.1atm，2）氧气透过量＜0.01cm3/m2·d.1atm。
3.耐腐蚀性测试:在电解质（EC+DEC/LiPF6）及浓度为0.1%稀氢氟酸浓度下，45℃浸渍，与通用铝箔相比，该铝箔腐蚀破坏时间延长，提高至2倍以上。以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔，其特征在于，包括第一涂碳层、第一硅状层、铝箔合金层、第二硅状层、第二涂碳层，该铝箔具有层状结构，所述软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔由内到外依次为第一涂碳层、第一硅状层、铝箔合金层、第二硅状层、第二涂碳层。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔，其特征在于，所述第一涂碳层、第二涂碳层中材质以纳米石墨、石墨烯、碳纳米管为主材的一种或其组合，碳涂料选水性或油性涂料中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔，其特征在于，所述第一涂碳层、第二涂碳层的厚度为500-5000nm。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔，其特征在于，所述第一硅化层、第二硅化层中材质为氧化硅材料形成的致密硅状层，硅化物的原材料为原硅酸四乙酯、二氧化硅、钛硅混合氧化物中的一种或组合。
5.根据权利要求1中所述的一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔，其特征在于，所述第一硅化层、第二硅化层的层厚为100-2000nm。
6.根据权利要求1中所述的一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔，其特征在于，所述铝箔合金层中材质为铝与金、铂、铜、银、钨、镁、锌、硅、锰中的一种或其组合，铝与其他金属的比例为100/0-90/10。
7.根据权利要求1中所述的一种软包装聚合物锂离子电池专膜用铝箔的制造工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1）铝合金原料扎制、合卷、双合扎制、分切、退火，得到铝箔合金;
2）在铝箔合金双面利用圆筒型电极柱方法通过在N2/O2/Ar的空气气流下等离子辊对辊负载硅化物，形成硅化层；
3）在铝箔合金硅化层外层涂覆含碳涂料，形成含碳层，干燥为成品铝合金。
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