CN105164893A - 在无接触的能量传输中提高磁回路的相位公差 - Google Patents

在无接触的能量传输中提高磁回路的相位公差 Download PDF

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CN105164893A
CN105164893A CN201480024134.5A CN201480024134A CN105164893A CN 105164893 A CN105164893 A CN 105164893A CN 201480024134 A CN201480024134 A CN 201480024134A CN 105164893 A CN105164893 A CN 105164893A
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费卡尔·图尔基
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Paul Vahle GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
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    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有初级侧的线圈装置(LP)和次级侧的线圈装置(LS)的感应式能量传输系统，所述初级侧的线圈装置和所述次级侧的线圈装置分别与电容(CP，CS)一起构成振荡回路(RESP，RESS)，其特征在于，初级侧的线圈系统(SPP)具有两个串联连接的线圈(LP)，其连接点(PP)经由初级侧的阻抗(LPM)与为初级侧的振荡回路(RESP)供电的电路的输入端子(3)连接和/或次级侧的线圈系统(SPS)具有两个串联连接的线圈(LS)，其连接点(PS)经由次级侧的阻抗(LSM)与连接在次级侧的振荡回路(RESS)下游的电路(2)的输出端子(4)连接。

Description

在无接触的能量传输中提高磁回路的相位公差
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有初级侧的线圈装置和次级侧的线圈装置的感应式能量传输系统，所述初级侧的线圈装置和所述次级侧的线圈装置分别与电容一起构成振荡回路。
背景技术
在无接触的能量传输中，在初级侧的和次级侧的线圈装置之间的良好的耦合对于能量传输的效率而言是重要的。如果在车辆和充电站之间要传输能量，那么充电站通常安置在地面上，然而次级侧的拾取部安装在车辆下方。通常，线圈装置由平面的线圈构成，由此充电站和拾取部可以板状地构成。在此，磁耦合决定性地由线圈装置沿竖直方向的间距及其水平错位来确定。在此，竖直的间距决定性地由车辆类型预给定，而线圈装置彼此间的水平错位与车辆相对于充电站的停靠位置有关。
用于次级侧的拾取部的吸引式线圈配置是由线圈LS1和LS2构成的双绕组，如其示例地在图1a中与相应的等效电路图一起示出那样。初级侧的充电站通常具有类似的线圈装置并且在图1a中仅通过具有穿流其的电流IP的导体LP1示出。在图1a中初级侧的线圈和次级侧的线圈最优地布置，也就是说，彼此间没有水平错位，使得形成最优的耦合并且在差模运行时电流IS1和IS2流入次级侧的线圈LS1和LS2中。在此出现，线圈LS1和LS2如在图2中示出那样串联连接，因为两个电流IS1和IS2同相并且等大。
当初级侧的线圈装置和次级侧的线圈装置水平于根据图1a的最优的定向错位时，如在图1b中所示出那样，磁耦合明显地变化。在此情况下，穿过两个线圈LS1和LS2的通量份额相对于彼此未相移180°，使得线圈LS1和LS2如在图2中示出那样不再能够串联连接。
为了使线圈电流IS1和IS2去耦，线圈LS1和LS2能够如图3中所示的那样连接。线圈电流IS1和IS2可以在所述电路中具有不同的相位和幅度并且经由整流器电路GL整流并且使平滑电容器CGL平滑。然而，在所述电路中形成在初级侧的线圈装置和次级侧的线圈装置水平错位方面的敏感度，因为由于线圈LS1和LS2的耦合造成总振荡回路的失谐。图4示出用于根据图3的电路的等效电路图。只要相对于初级侧的线圈装置和次级侧的线圈装置的最优的定向不存在水平错位，那么磁回路在差模运行中工作并且电流I1等于负I2。线圈如其在串联连接中那样作用并且具有正反馈，其中总电感大于两个子电感LS1和LS2之和。
然而，一旦初级侧的线圈装置和次级侧的线圈装置的水平位置偏离于最优的位置，那么电流具有共模份额，由此总电感减小，因为线圈在共模运行模式中具有负反馈。在极端情况I1＝I2下，在主电感中的两个电流相互抵消，由此Ih＝I1-I2＝0。由此，总电感随着次级电路相对于初级电路的定位而变化，由此造成谐振回路的失谐并进而造成传输特性劣化。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是，提供一种用于上文所描述的问题的解决方案。
根据本发明，所述目的通过下述方式实现：初级侧的线圈系统具有两个串联连接的线圈，其连接点经由初级侧的阻抗与为初级侧的振荡回路供电的尤其呈受控的逆变器形式的电路的中间电路的正极或负极或分压器的中点/中间抽头连接，和/或次级侧的线圈系统具有两个串联连接的线圈，其连接点经由次级侧的阻抗与连接在次级侧的振荡回路下游的尤其呈整流器形式的电路的正极或负极或分压器的中点/中间抽头连接。
附加的阻抗的根据本发明的设置使得在相对于最优的水平定向错位时提高串联连接的初级和/或次级侧的线圈的串联振荡回路中的电感，由此实现振荡回路的谐振频率与系统频率匹配。
在此优选地，为初级侧的振荡回路供电的电路是受控的桥式接逆变器，其中每个初级侧的线圈与电容串联连接并且与所述电容构成串联振荡回路，并且串联振荡回路的串联电路连接于受控的桥式逆变器的交流电压端子。在此，阻抗在初级侧的线圈之间构成中间抽头并且用于使初级侧的振荡回路的谐振频率与系统频率匹配。
连接在次级侧的振荡回路下游的电路优选是整流器、尤其桥式整流器，其中在桥式整流器的情况下每个次级侧的线圈与电容串联连接并且与所述电容构成串联振荡回路，并且串联振荡回路的串联电路连接于桥式整流器的交流电压端子。在此，附加的阻抗在次级侧的线圈之间构成中间抽头并且用于使次级侧的振荡回路的谐振频率与系统频率匹配。
不言而喻可能的是，不仅在初级侧上而且在次级侧上分别可以设有附加的阻抗。同样可能的是，仅在次级侧上或在初级侧上设有附加的阻抗。通常，附加的阻抗可以等同于彼此耦合的线圈的互感系数。
附图说明
在下文中根据附图详细阐述本发明。
附图示出：
图1a和图1b示出根据现有技术的具有两个次级侧的线圈的感应式能量传输系统连同等效电路图；
图2示出根据图1a的次级侧的线圈的可能的布线；
图3示出在水平错位的情况下根据图1b的线圈装置的去耦电路；
图4示出根据图3的电路的等效电路图；
图5示出具有用于感应式能量传输系统的次级侧的附加的阻抗的根据本发明的电路；
图6示出具有用于感应式能量传输系统的初级侧的附加的阻抗的根据本发明的电路；
图7和图8示出根据图5和图6的电路，其中附加的阻抗连接于电容性分配器的中间抽头；
图9和图10示出具有用于感应式能量传输系统的次级侧的附加的能变化的阻抗的电路；
图11示出具有两个次级侧的平面线圈的根据现有技术的感应式能量传输系统，所述线圈设置在铁氧体板上；
图12示出次级侧的U形拾取部的根据现有技术的感应式能量传输系统；
图13示出用于说明有创造性的构思的等效电路图。
具体实施方式
图5示出具有用于感应式能量传输系统的次级侧的附加的阻抗LSM的根据本发明的电路，其中次级侧的线圈LS与电容器C一起构成串联振荡回路RESS。串联振荡回路RESS的串联电路连接于整流器GL的交流电压端子。附加的阻抗LSM借助于其一个极LSM1与连接点VS连接并且借助于其另一个极LSM2与在下游连接的整流器GL的正极或负极(4)连接。
图6示出具有用于感应式能量传输系统的初级侧的附加的阻抗LPM的根据本发明的电路，其中初级侧的线圈LP与电容器C一起构成串联振荡回路RESP。串联振荡回路RESP的串联电路连接于逆变器1的交流电压端子。附加的阻抗LPM借助于其一个极LPM1与振荡回路RESP的连接点VP连接并且借助于其另一个极LPM2与为初级侧的振荡回路(RESP)馈电的逆变器1的正极或负极(3)连接。
图7和图8示出根据图5和图6的电路，其中附加的阻抗LPM或LSM不连接于电容性分压器CGL1、CGL2的正极或负极，而是连接于电容性分压器CGL1、CGL2的中间抽头MTP或MTS。
图9和图10示出根据图5的电路的扩展方案，所述扩展方案能够实现改变附加的次级的阻抗LSM的值。如在图9中示出的那样，能够借助于开关机构S1将电容器CSM在需要时与阻抗L’SM并联连接。由此可能的是，次级振荡回路RESS的谐振频率在初级的和次级的线圈装置之间的水平错位不同时匹配于初级侧的频率。不言而喻可能的是，需要时将多个电容器并联连接，使得谐振频率的更精细的调谐是可能的。
如在图10中所示出的那样，同样可能的是，将电容器串联连接。在开关机构S2、S3关断时是这种情况。只要不要电容器CSM起作用，那么开关机构S2和S3可以切换为导通。
图11和图12示出具有平面线圈的扁平拾取部以及U形拾取部的拾取部，其与表示为线性导体的初级装置相互作用。示图对应于图1a和图1b，其中为了清楚地说明而示出场线和铁氧体磁芯。
图13用于阐述附加的阻抗的作用方式。左侧示出用于共模运行的磁性的T形等效电路图。由于共模运行，在线圈中的电流IS1和IS2(参见图1a)抵消，使得取消电感Lsh，如这在中间的电路图中示出那样。等效的线圈电感Leq为Ls1并且不再为如在差模运行中的Ls1+2Lsh。然而，谐振电容器设计为用于差模运行，使得在此需要将线圈电感提高2Lsh。这通过将用于共模运行的杂散电感的“转向”来实现，以便模仿在具有附加的电感Lsm的分立电路中的磁性的T形等效电路图(右侧示出)。作为结果产生对于共模运行具有与在差模模式中的磁性等效电路图相同的阻抗的电路。

Claims (12)

1.一种感应式能量传输系统，所述能量传输系统具有初级侧的线圈装置(LP)和次级侧的线圈装置(LS)，所述初级侧的线圈装置和所述次级侧的线圈装置分别与电容(CP，CS)一起构成振荡回路(RESP，RESS)，其特征在于，初级侧的线圈系统(SPP)具有两个串联连接的线圈(LP)，其中初级侧的阻抗(LPM)借助于其第一极与所述串联连接的线圈(LP)的连接点(PP)连接并且借助于其另外的第二极与为初级侧的振荡回路(RESP)供电的电路(1)的、尤其受控的桥式逆变器的中间电路的正极或负极(3)、分压器(CGL1，CGL2)的中点/中间抽头(MTP)连接，和/或所述次级侧的线圈系统(SPS)具有两个串联连接的线圈(LS)，其连接点(PS)经由次级侧的阻抗(LSM)与连接在次级侧的振荡回路(RESS)下游的电路(2)的输出端子(4)或分压器(CGL1，CGL2)的中点/中间抽头(MTS)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的感应式能量传输系统，其特征在于，每个初级侧的线圈(LP)与电容(CP)串联连接并且与所述电容构成串联振荡回路(RESP)，并且所述串联振荡回路(RESP)的串联电路连接到受控的所述桥式逆变器(1)的交流电压端子上。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的感应式能量传输系统，其特征在于，连接在下游的电路(2)是整流器、尤其桥式整流器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的感应式能量传输系统，其特征在于，每个次级侧的线圈(LS)与电容(CS)串联连接并且与所述电容构成串联振荡回路(RESS)，并且所述串联振荡回路(RESS)的串联电路连接到所述桥式整流器(2)的交流电压端子上。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的感应式能量传输系统，其特征在于，所述电感(LPM)在所述线圈(LP)之间构成中间抽头，并且所述电感(LPM)用于使所述初级侧的振荡回路(RESP)的谐振频率匹配于系统频率。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的感应式能量传输系统，其特征在于，所述电感(LSM)在所述线圈(LS)之间构成中间抽头，并且所述电感(LSM)用于使所述次级侧的振荡回路(RESS)的谐振频率匹配于系统频率。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的感应式能量传输系统，其特征在于，所述次级侧的线圈(LS)在最优地朝所述初级侧的线圈(LP)定向时最大程度地与所述初级侧的线圈磁耦合，并且在所述初级侧的线圈和所述次级侧的线圈(LP，LS)之间的耦合减小时，所耦合的所述线圈(LP，LS)的总电感(Lges)变小，其中所述电感(LPM)的值和/或所述电感(LSM)的值选择为，使得相应的振荡回路(RESP)或(RESS)的谐振频率匹配于系统频率。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的感应式能量传输系统，其特征在于，分别串联连接的所述线圈(LP，LS)具有相同的匝数。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的感应式能量传输系统，其特征在于，所述初级侧的阻抗(LPM)和/或所述次级侧的阻抗(LSM)由振荡回路构成。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的感应式能量传输系统，其特征在于，所述初级侧的阻抗(LPM)等于彼此耦合的所述初级侧的线圈(LP)的互感(LPH)。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的感应式能量传输系统，其特征在于，所述次级侧的阻抗(LSM)具有彼此耦合的所述次级侧的线圈(LS)的互感(LSH)的值和所述互感(LSH)的值的两倍之间的值。
12.根据权利要求11所述的感应式能量传输系统，其特征在于，所述次级侧的阻抗(LSM)是能变化的，尤其通过至少一个能附加连接或能短接的串联电感和/或通过至少一个能借助于开关机构(S1，S2，S3)与所述次级侧的阻抗(L’SM)并联或串联连接的并联电容器(CSM)能变化。
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