Paddy field environmental monitoring sampler and sampling method
Technical field
The present invention relates to farm environment monitoring sampling field, more particularly to a kind of paddy field environmental monitoring sampler and sampling side
Method.
Background technology
Agricultural chemicals risk monitoring and control is a complicated system engineering.Both needed prevented in advance for various risks,
Need to neutralize in thing and carry out necessary improvement to risk management method afterwards, go round and begin again, circulate improvement.In recent years, for protection
Agricultural production security, protection agricultural product quality and safety, environmental protection ecological safety and protection human and livestock health security needs, China
Start to strengthen the work of Pesticide use risk monitoring and control, farm environment Risk Monitoring is a wherein important ring, but due to working
Step evening, basis are poor, and some technical methods also have incomplete part and demanded perfection urgently.
Scientific sampling is the preposition important document for carrying out Pesticide environment Risk Monitoring, is substantially lacked if sampling method and instrument are present
Fall into, necessarily cause sample to depart from real environmental background, the problems such as residue fluctuation is big, the confidence level that predicts the outcome is not high occur,
And then bring difficulty to risk assessment.For example, in terms of the Pesticide environment Risk Monitoring sampling in paddy field, at present using to field face
The method that water, soil are separately sampled, has virtually isolated the inner link of the two, exists and lacks field water depth parameter, sample
Product vertical space repeatability it is not good wait not enough, cause sample carryover testing result can only be as general reference, it is impossible to full
Sufficient environmental forecasting computing and the rigid demand averted risks.Moreover, being carried out respectively using multiple types of tools such as water bottle, earth boring auger, grab buckets
The sampling of Soil surface water, soil, also exists and carries using number of tools is more, operational sequence is cumbersome, operating personnel's workload is big and sample
Grade is deeply inaccurate to wait not enough.
The content of the invention
There is provided a kind of carrying portable, the accurate paddy field environment of sampling for deficiencies of the prior art by the present invention
Monitor sampler and resultant sampling method.
The purpose of the present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of paddy field environmental monitoring sampler, including scale conduit, base, sealing piston, handle, rack linkage,
The scale catherer connection tube seat, the base connects handle, and the scale catheter interior has sealing piston, and the sealing is lived
Plug leads in-pipe by rack linkage in scale;The rack linkage includes monkey wrench, rack, plectrum and resetted
There is base rack bore, the base is connected by screw handle in the middle part of spring, movable plectrum, the base, the handle by
Iron sheet, which is tailored, to be bent into, and left end has plectrum back-moving spring inside the handle, and the plectrum back-moving spring right-hand member connection is lived
There is plectrum rack bore in the middle part of dynamic plectrum, the movable plectrum, the movable plectrum bottom has plectrum tongue, the monkey wrench
Section is U-shaped, has at the top of the monkey wrench and withstands plectrum tongue, the Flexible spanner on the left of spanner pin, the spanner pin
Portion has handle pin hole on hand, and the handle pin hole connects handle pin, and the handle pin two ends are fixed on handle,
Spanner is rotated on handle pin, and the handle top is by catch pin connection catch, and the catch turns on catch pin
Dynamic, having in the middle part of the catch has catch back-moving spring inside catch rack bore, the catch, and the catch back-moving spring is left
End connection handle side;The handle side has handle rack bore, the catch rack bore, handle rack bore, plectrum rack
Hole, base rack bore are on same straight line, and the rack has driving cog, and the rack left end sequentially passes through catch tooth
Bar hole, catch back-moving spring, handle rack bore, plectrum rack bore, plectrum back-moving spring, base rack bore connection sealing piston;
The scale conduit is made up of transparent pipe;There are 2 valves, scale conduit right-hand member uses external screw thread on the right side of the scale conduit
It is connected with base internal thread, the spacing between the valve and base is more than in the thickness of sealing piston, the scale conduit
Portion has sealing piston, and the sealing piston connects rack left end, the rack right-hand member connection handle.
A kind of paddy field environmental monitoring sampling method, comprises the following steps:(1), by lower stop piece, pull out rack handle,
Piston is retreated to above catheter valve, decontroling catch makes its automatic homing under catch action of reset spring, withstands rack;(2)、
On the other hand hold with a firm grip conduit, hold handle on the other hand, by the vertical field face of sampler conduit gently spinning enter topsoil soils reach plough sole, make
Excessive gas is discharged through valve in conduit;(3), pull monkey wrench with finger, drive activity plectrum blocks rack and to reach
Dynamic one to several lattice, unclamp movable plectrum after monkey wrench and initial position is returned in the presence of plectrum back-moving spring, keep off simultaneously
Piece blocks rack and prevents from drawing back, and pine holds monkey wrench and handle then rack is persistently moved forward repeatedly, and band piston is just transported
Go to valve, and confined space is formed above the Soil surface water in pipe;(4), it is slowly vertical extract sampler, utilize soil
Viscosity, the effect of atmospheric pressure enable Soil surface water, pedotheque once to take out, and it is high to read liquid level rapidly according to conduit scale difference
Spend and record;(5), predefine pedotheque and leave and take depth, continue repeatedly pine and hold monkey wrench and handle, pass through rack drives
Earth pillar is discharged conduit by piston, and one section or several sections of earth pillars are intercepted on demand from below water column with reference to conduit scale, is transferred to storage and is held
Device, latter end earth pillar discharges conduit simultaneously together with Soil surface water, and drawing Soil surface water using syringe is transferred in other container.
Beneficial effect:
The soft or hard degree that conventional method regards paddy field soil is different, needs successively using multiple types of tools such as water bottle, earth boring auger or grab buckets,
Soil surface water, soil are sampled respectively, operational sequence is cumbersome and tool kind is more, not Portable belt.Scale of the present invention is led
There is sealing piston, tube wall is provided with valve, and the sealing piston connects rack left end, and the rack right-hand member connection is drawn inside pipe
Hand.Open, sealing or high pressure conditions are formed according to sealing piston respectively in valve upper-lower position difference during sampling.This structure profit
With atmospheric pressure and soil stickiness, only the extraction to Soil surface water, soil need to can be completed using an instrument once-through operation, and not
Influenceed by the soft or hard degree of soil, serve the instrument of simplifying, simple to operate, simplified process and portable effect.
Conventional method substantially determines steel earth boring auger or the embedded depth of grab bucket using the method for eye estimate, due to instrument certainly
Body structure reason and observation sight are caused sampling locating depth to be forbidden by Soil surface water layer influence.Scale conduit is used in sampling of the present invention
Using transparent material, it is easy to regard the length and mobile status of earth pillar in pipe from exterior monitoring.The sampling scale conduit scale
Conduit right-hand member is connected using external screw thread with base internal thread, and base is connected by screw handle, and the handle is tailored curved by iron sheet
Fold into, left end has plectrum back-moving spring inside the handle, and the plectrum back-moving spring right-hand member connection activity plectrum is described
Movable plectrum bottom, which has, has spanner pin at the top of plectrum tongue, monkey wrench, overlap joint plectrum tongue, is pulled on the left of the spanner pin
Hand pin and monkey wrench formation lever combination, press to the right monkey wrench bottom so that monkey wrench top to left movement simultaneously
Plectrum tongue is driven to left movement.Rack has driving cog, and the rack left end sequentially passes through catch rack bore, catch and resets bullet
Spring, handle rack bore, plectrum rack bore, plectrum back-moving spring, base rack bore.It is real using this lever, rack linkage
Now first extracting sample, depthkeeping or segmentation separate the action of pedotheque again, and pass through catch adjusting gear rack movement one every time
To several tooth pitch units, so as to reach accurate control sample locating depth and go out the effect of sample progress.
Conventional method is sampled to Soil surface water, soil respectively, extracts the volume of Soil surface water using water bottle and depthkeeping is sampled
In the case that soil volume does not strictly keep proportionate relationship, water layer too deep or excessively shallow by real environmental conditions residue fluctuation compared with
Greatly, sample is only used for meeting general water, Pesticide-Polluted Soil concentration monitor.The present invention is to Soil surface water, soil sample one
Secondary to complete, also referred to as resultant is sampled.Water, earth sample amount are extracted by the volume ratio of true environment, and sampling catheter uses transparent material
And with scale, the difference of liquid level up and down in conduit can quickly try to achieve field water depth degree and record.Not only can be with
For detecting that agricultural chemicals, in water, the residual concentration of soil, due to adding water depth parameter measurement function, uses average water depth
It is multiplied by land area and can be evaluated whether volume and agricultural chemicals total residue in a certain plot water in field, and then other scenes ginseng can be combined
The different evaporations of number prediction, rainfall, irrigation, the water in field concentration dynamic change for flowing out, washing under the conditions of field etc..In addition, resultant sampling branch
A kind of new residual algorithm is held.I.e. according to protectiveness principle, it is by sampling volume conversion Soil surface water residues of pesticides concentration
Active ingredient amount, total soil concentration is added up to depthkeeping soil concentration, represents virtual extreme " paddy field falls dry " concentration.Very
Agricultural chemicals soil concentration is also fluctuated with the change of Soil surface water layer height under the conditions of real environment, frequently result in clear up dependence among equations degree compared with
It is low, the effect virtually aided in can be played using resultant algorithm.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is rack linkage structures schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is environmental monitoring sampler structure schematic diagram in paddy field of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below according to drawings and examples:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of paddy field environmental monitoring sampler, including scale conduit 1, base 2, sealing piston 7, handle 4, rack linkage dress
Put, the scale catherer connection tube seat 2, the base 2 connects handle 4, and the scale catheter interior has sealing piston 7, institute
State sealing piston and in-pipe is led in scale by rack linkage.The rack linkage includes monkey wrench 3, rack
8th, plectrum back-moving spring 10, movable plectrum 11, the middle part of base 2 have base rack bore 19, and the base 2 is connected by screw
Handle 4 is connect, the handle 4 is tailored by iron sheet to be bent into, the inside left end of handle 4 has plectrum back-moving spring 10, described
The right-hand member connection activity plectrum 11 of plectrum back-moving spring 10, the movable middle part of plectrum 11 has plectrum rack bore 18, the activity
The bottom of plectrum 11 has plectrum tongue 22, and the section of monkey wrench 3 is U-shaped, and the top of monkey wrench 3 has spanner pin 6,
Monkey wrench top both sides have a stator, and the spanner pin both sides are connected piece respectively, and the spanner pin is left
Plectrum tongue 22 is withstood in side, and the top of monkey wrench 3 has handle pin hole 21, and the handle pin hole 21 connects handle pin
5, the handle pin two ends are fixed on handle, and spanner is rotated on handle pin, and the top of handle 4 passes through catch pin
12 connection catches 15, the catch 15 is rotated on catch pin 12, and the middle part of catch 15 has catch rack bore 16, described
The inside of catch 15 has catch back-moving spring 13, and the side of the left end of catch back-moving spring 13 connection handle 4, the catch resets
Spring right-hand member connection catch, spanner pin and monkey wrench formation lever combination, press to the right monkey wrench bottom so that activity
Spanner top is to left movement and drives plectrum tongue to left movement.The side of handle 4 has handle rack bore 17, the catch tooth
Bar hole 16, handle rack bore 17, plectrum rack bore 18, base rack bore 19 4 are on same straight line, and the rack 8 has
Driving cog 20, the left end of rack 8 sequentially passes through catch rack bore 16, catch back-moving spring 13, handle rack bore 17, plectrum tooth
Bar hole 18, plectrum back-moving spring 10, the connection sealing piston 7 of base rack bore 19.Monkey wrench 3, monkey wrench 3 are pulled with finger
It is rotating shaft with handle pin 5, the spanner pin on top, which withstands plectrum tongue 22 and is moved to the left drive activity plectrum 11, to be moved to the left, living
Dynamic plectrum blocks rack and is moved to the left one to several lattice, unclamps after monkey wrench movable plectrum in the presence of plectrum back-moving spring
Be returned to initial position, prevent from moving back to the right while catch blocks rack, repeatedly pine hold monkey wrench and handle then rack continue to
Move left.
Embodiment 2:
Paddy field environmental monitoring sampler described in embodiment 1, the scale conduit 1 is made up of transparent pipe, the scale
Conduit has centimeter scale, and sectional or depthkeeping extract earth pillar.The right side of scale conduit 1 has 1 or 2 valves 9, and scale is led
Pipe right-hand member is connected using external screw thread with base internal thread, and the spacing between the valve 9 and base 2 is more than sealing piston 7
Thickness, the inside of scale conduit 1 has sealing piston 7, and the sealing piston 7 connects the left end of rack 8, the right-hand member of rack 8
Connection handle 14.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of paddy field environmental monitoring sampling method, comprises the following steps:
1st, valve is opened:By lower stop piece, rack handle is pulled out, piston is retreated to above catheter valve, catch is decontroled
Make its automatic homing under catch action of reset spring, withstand rack;
2nd, insert sampling catheter to paddy field and be vented:On the other hand hold with a firm grip conduit, hold handle on the other hand, sampler conduit is vertical
Gently spinning enters topsoil soils arrival plough sole in field face, excessive gas in conduit is discharged through valve;
3rd, valve formation confined space is closed:Pull monkey wrench with finger, drive activity plectrum blocks rack and forward
Mobile one to several lattice, unclamp movable plectrum after monkey wrench and initial position is returned in the presence of plectrum back-moving spring, simultaneously
Catch blocks rack and prevents from drawing back, and pine holds monkey wrench and handle then rack is persistently moved forward repeatedly, and band piston is just
Run to valve, and confined space is formed above the Soil surface water in pipe;
4th, extract sampler and read liquid level:It is slowly vertical to extract sampler, utilize consistency of soil, the work of atmospheric pressure
With enabling Soil surface water, pedotheque once to take out, liquid level is read rapidly according to conduit scale difference and recorded;
5th, sample is separated:Predetermined pedotheque leaves and takes depth, continues repeatedly pine and holds monkey wrench and handle, passes through tooth
Bar drives piston that earth pillar is discharged into conduit, intercepts one section or several sections of earth pillars on demand from below water column with reference to conduit scale, is transferred to
Accommodating container, latter end earth pillar discharges conduit simultaneously together with Soil surface water, and drawing Soil surface water using syringe is transferred in other container.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of paddy field environmental monitoring sampling method, comprises the following steps:
1st, valve is opened, by lower stop piece, rack handle is pulled out, piston is retreated to above catheter valve, decontrol catch
Make its automatic homing under catch action of reset spring, withstand rack;
2nd, insert sampling catheter to paddy field and be vented:On the other hand hold with a firm grip conduit, hold handle on the other hand, sampler conduit is vertical
Gently spinning enters topsoil soils arrival plough sole in field face, excessive gas in conduit is discharged through valve;
3rd, valve formation confined space is closed:Pull monkey wrench with finger, drive activity plectrum blocks rack and forward
Mobile one to several lattice, unclamp movable plectrum after monkey wrench and initial position is returned in the presence of plectrum back-moving spring, simultaneously
Catch blocks rack and prevents from drawing back, and pine holds monkey wrench and handle then rack is persistently moved forward repeatedly, and band piston is just
Run to valve, and confined space is formed above the Soil surface water in pipe;
4th, extract sampler and read liquid level:It is slowly vertical to extract sampler, utilize consistency of soil, the work of atmospheric pressure
With enabling Soil surface water, pedotheque once to take out, liquid level is read rapidly according to conduit scale and recorded;
5th, sample is separated:Continue repeatedly pine and hold monkey wrench and handle, earth pillar is discharged by conduit by rack drives piston,
15cm depthkeeping earth pillars below water column are intercepted, accommodating container are transferred to, latter end earth pillar discharges conduit together with Soil surface water, uses pin simultaneously
Cylinder is drawn water in field and is transferred in other container.
Embodiment 5:
Paddy field environmental monitoring sampler described in embodiment 2, the conduit of this sampler is the graduated transparent pipe of mark,
Sectional or depthkeeping extract earth pillar.The steel earth boring auger that conventional method is used can not have an X-rayed inside configuration, can only depthkeeping sampling.With
This is different, and scale conduit of the invention uses transparent material, is easy to, from earth pillar length and mobile status in the perspective pipe of outside, both may be used
Segmentation again can depthkeeping extraction earth pillar.
Using rack linkage, soil sample depth can be accurately controlled.Conventional method is taken using steel earth boring auger depthkeeping
Sample, observation sight is easily influenceed by Soil surface water layer, causes depthkeeping to be forbidden.Unlike this, the present invention first gos deep into sampling catheter to plough
Bottom extracts whole piece soil sample, then according to actual needs, controls soil sample to arrange by monkey wrench and rack drives sealing piston
Go out process, so as to reach the effect of accurate control depth selection.
Once complete, to Soil surface water, soil sample, to be easy to operate and take using sealing piston, vacuum principle and soil stickiness
Band.Conventional method is needed successively using multiple types of tools such as water bottle, earth boring auger or grab buckets, and Soil surface water, soil are sampled respectively, is operated
Comparatively laborious and not Portable belt.Unlike this, the present invention forms local true using an instrument using sealing piston switch valve
Sky, is once completed to Soil surface water, soil sample, simple to operate and be easy to carry.
Water, earth sample amount are extracted by the volume ratio of true environment, support environment concentration prediction.Agriculture under real environmental conditions
The soil concentration of medicine is also fluctuated with the change of Soil surface water layer height.Conventional method ignores water layer when extracting Soil surface water using water bottle
Depth, namely Soil surface water sample volume do not keep proportionate relationship with depthkeeping sampling soil volume by real environmental conditions.Due to lacking
Few water depth parameter, it is difficult to predict different evaporations, rainfall, irrigation, the water in field change in concentration for flowing out, washing under the conditions of field etc..With
This is different, and the present invention is extracted the sampling amount of Soil surface water, soil by true environment volume ratio, fidelity is high, cannot be only used for
Soil surface water, soil environment concentration prediction, but also support resultant algorithm.