CN105149778B - A kind of device and method for eliminating aluminum steel dissimilar metal laser welding crackle and stomata - Google Patents
A kind of device and method for eliminating aluminum steel dissimilar metal laser welding crackle and stomata Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105149778B CN105149778B CN201510458527.3A CN201510458527A CN105149778B CN 105149778 B CN105149778 B CN 105149778B CN 201510458527 A CN201510458527 A CN 201510458527A CN 105149778 B CN105149778 B CN 105149778B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- laser welding
- workpiece
- annular seal
- seal space
- stomata
- Prior art date
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
Abstract
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new pattern laser welder and method, aluminum steel xenogenesis is eliminated more specifically to one kind The device and method of metal laser weld crack and stomata.
Background technology
Laser welding technology is a kind of main connection method of current connection sheet lap joint, as a kind of ripe Application of the welding procedure in various industrial productions is all widely.The species of welding is very more, there is traditional electric resistance welding, electric arc Weldering, also there is the Laser Welding quickly grown in recent years, agitating friction weldering and Combined Welding etc..Laser welding is that one kind is used as heat using laser Efficient, the high-accuracy welding new method in source, welding point depth-to-width ratio is big, and deformation is small, particularly the contactless welding side of one side Method can greatly strengthen adaptability of the welding procedure to product structure, and production effect can be improved especially for labyrinth Rate, reduces production cost, is expected to substitute conventional bonding technique in the near future in electronics, automobile and Aeronautics and Astronautics industry Popularization and application.
Due to laser welding belong to fixed point heating, therefore during laser welding workpiece certain point position heat input it is larger simultaneously And be a quick heating and cooling procedure, then the bubble in molten bath can not be in the preceding spilling of keyhole closure, and this is low for some For melting material such as aluminium alloy, the scaling loss amount of material is larger in laser beam welding, easily produces the defects such as stomata, crackle, Cause the less stable of welding process.
When aluminum steel dissimilar metal is welded, because the physical and chemical performance of aluminium and steel is widely different, it is hardly formed and effectively connects Head；And aluminum alloy surface is easily oxidized, and it is very high to the reflectivity of laser, cause aluminium alloy very low to the absorptivity of laser, Oxide be difficult fusing formation be mingled with, the defect such as stomata；Because the liquid aluminium of fusing is very poor in steel side wetability, it is difficult in steel side Wetting and spreading, causes welding process unstable, appearance of weld is bad；Al and Fe easily form brittle intermetallic compound, blocked up Intermetallic compounds layer make welding point mechanical performance reduction.It is entitled " a kind of to weld aluminum steel xenogenesis without brazing flux laser powder-filled The Chinese patent (application number 201110240318.3) of the method for metal joint " discloses a kind of scheme, and it uses aluminium alloy plate Tiled between steel plate and one layer of powder and use synchronous powder feeding system technology, although this method improves the absorptivity of laser, but due to The diverging of powder and aluminum alloy surface are still suffered from during powder feeding reflection so that laser absorption rate is limited, and laser beam through defocusing or Energy density is not concentrated after shaping, and the size matching precision of the size of powder feeding beam and laser facula is higher in addition, and interlayer fills out powder weldering The remaining unfused powder of interlayer is difficult to effective removing afterwards.Entitled " aluminum steel dissimilar metal laser welding-brazing welding method and filling Chinese patent (the application number of powder "：201210231163.1)；The beneficial effect of its technical scheme is that laser welding is steady after dusting Qualitative and appearance of weld is good, significantly improves aluminium and sprawls width in steel side, hence it is evident that improves the absorptivity and laser of laser Speed of welding, it can be difficult to ensureing the generation of weld blowhole defect.It is entitled that " a kind of large spot laser connects with arc composite heat source The Chinese patent (application 200610007614.8) of the method for connecing dissimilar metal ", the connection that the connection method of the invention is obtained connects Intermetallic compound in head is less, and the intensity and connection speed of joint are significantly improved, but difficult in laser accurate spot welding occasion To be applicable.Chinese patent (the application of entitled " a kind of laser pulse spot welding of metal sheet " 201110003993.4), the method for its modulation laser output pulse waveform proposed can reduce stomata to a certain extent, split Line, but do not account for the formation for eliminating the intermetallic compound for causing crackle.
The content of the invention
1. the invention technical problem to be solved
It is an object of the invention to overcome workpiece surface easily oxidation and generation in laser beam welding of the prior art The defects such as stomata, crackle, particularly less stable of the aluminum steel dissimilar metal material in laser beam welding easily produce scarce Sunken is not enough there is provided a kind of device and method for eliminating aluminum steel dissimilar metal laser welding crackle and stomata, using the present invention Technical scheme aluminum steel dissimilar metal material is welded, intermediate layer is set between aluminium alloy plate and steel plate workpiece, Welding workpiece, which is treated, using heating module carries out quick accurate preheating, and by the lens control welding scanning track that shakes, it is then whole Individual welding process carries out in the annular seal space full of inert gas such as nitrogen, can Crack prevention, stomata to greatest extent Generation, is prevented effectively from the oxidative phenomena on welding workpiece surface, improves welding efficiency, and then obtain stability preferably high-quality weldering Joint.
2. technical scheme
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention is provided is：
A kind of elimination aluminum steel dissimilar metal laser welding crackle of the present invention and the device of stomata, including table base, Heating module, laser welding module, three-dimensional working platform, annular seal space and industrial computer, described three-dimensional working platform and annular seal space are pacified Loaded on table base, and three-dimensional working platform can be into and out annular seal space, and annular seal space can be injected into lazy in laser welding Property gas, described heating module is positioned on three-dimensional working platform, is set for preheating at the top of workpiece to be welded, described annular seal space Light-passing board is equipped with, described laser welding module is located at the top of the light-passing board, and the laser beam that laser welding module is sent is passed through Workpiece to be welded is acted on after the light-passing board, described heating module, annular seal space and laser welding module is carried out by industrial computer Control.
Further improved as the present invention, described heating module includes insulated tank, heated seats, heating rod and thermoelectricity Even, described heated seats are positioned in insulated tank, are offered in heated seats below the groove for placing workpiece to be welded, groove It is uniform and interval that the thermocouple being also equipped with below several heating rods, and groove for measurement temperature, heating is distributed with The feedback signal that rod receives thermocouple by industrial computer realizes closed-loop control and then the work to be welded to being positioned in above-mentioned groove Part is accurately preheated.
Further improved as the present invention, described insulated tank uses high temperature resistance glass fiber plate, described heated seats are used The preferable copper material of thermal conductivity.
Further improved as the present invention, described laser welding module includes galvanometer head, optical fiber and laser, described Galvanometer head be connected by optical fiber with laser and then realize the control to welding scanning track, described galvanometer head passes through support It is supported in table base.
Further improved as the present invention, described light-passing board is thermostable transparent glass plate.
Further improved as the present invention, also including pressing plate, described pressing plate is arranged above heating module, for pressing Workpiece to be welded on tight heating module.
A kind of elimination aluminum steel dissimilar metal laser welding crackle of the present invention and the method for stomata, comprise the following steps：
1) aluminium alloy plate to be welded is cleaned with acetone and steel plate workpiece is removed greasy dirt, and with mechanically or chemically Remove aluminium alloy plate surface film oxide；
2) aluminium alloy plate and steel plate workpiece handled through step one presents lower arrangement, and aluminium alloy plate and steel plate workpiece it Between welding bead on intermediate layer is set；
3) clamping workpiece to be welded after being handled through step 2 in heating module and moves into sealing by three-dimensional working platform Chamber；
4) inert protective gas is injected into annular seal space, and heating module is controlled to be welded in annular seal space by industrial computer Connect workpiece and carry out quick accurate preheating；
5) by the lens control welding scanning track that shakes of laser welding module, high power pulse or continuous laser pair are utilized Workpiece to be welded after being handled through step 4 carries out laser welding；
6) heating module is closed, annular seal space is opened, the workpiece being welded and cooling is removed.
Further improved as the present invention, described intermediate layer uses thickness for 5-20 μm of Copper Foil.
Further improved as the present invention, described aluminium alloy plate to be welded and steel plate workpiece is adopted when presenting lower arrangement Overlapping mode with aluminium alloy plate in upper, steel plate under.
3. beneficial effect
The technical scheme provided using the present invention, compared with existing known technology, with following remarkable result：
(1) device of a kind of elimination aluminum steel dissimilar metal laser welding crackle of the invention and stomata, utilizes heating module Treat welding workpiece and carry out quick accurate preheating, on the one hand can reduce the rigidity of workpiece reduce the constraint stress of plumb joint from And the generation of welding cold cracking is effectively controlled, it on the other hand can increase the existence time of welding pool, be conducive to welding process The floating discharge of the gas of middle generation, and then it is prevented effectively from the formation of stomata；
(2) device of a kind of elimination aluminum steel dissimilar metal laser welding crackle of the invention and stomata, galvanometer head passes through light Fibre is connected with laser and then realizes the control to welding scanning track, passes through the lens control welding scanning rail that shakes in the structure Mark, can further improve welding efficiency；
(3) device of a kind of elimination aluminum steel dissimilar metal laser welding crackle of the invention and stomata, full of indifferent gas It is subjected in the annular seal space of body such as nitrogen, it is possible to prevente effectively from the oxidative phenomena on weldment surface；
(4) method of a kind of elimination aluminum steel dissimilar metal laser welding crackle of the invention and stomata, in aluminium alloy plate and One layer of intermediate layer is provided between steel plate, intermediate layer is Copper Foil, can be combined to be formed with workpiece material to be welded New ternary phase replaces the binary brittlement phase generated between two kinds of mother metals in the prior art to be prevented using the mechanism of chemical reaction Induce the generation of the brittlement phase compound of crackle.
Brief description of the drawings
The structural representation of a kind of elimination aluminum steel dissimilar metal laser welding crackle of Fig. 1 present invention and the device of stomata.
Label declaration in schematic diagram：
1st, table base；2nd, light-passing board；3rd, galvanometer head；4th, laser beam；5th, optical fiber；6th, laser；7th, annular seal space；8th, press Plate；9th, industrial computer；10th, insulated tank；11st, heated seats；12nd, heating rod；13rd, aluminium alloy plate；14th, intermediate layer；15th, steel plate； 16th, thermocouple；17th, three-dimensional working platform.
Embodiment
To further appreciate that present disclosure, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of elimination aluminum steel dissimilar metal laser welding crackle and the device of stomata of the present embodiment, including work Make platform base 1, heating module, laser welding module, three-dimensional working platform 17, annular seal space 7 and industrial computer 9, the He of three-dimensional working platform 17 Annular seal space 7 is mounted on table base 1, and three-dimensional working platform 17 can specifically exist into and out annular seal space 7, annular seal space 7 Side is provided with retractable door-plate, it is necessary to when placing workpiece to be welded, open door-plate, controls three-dimensional working platform 17 from the annular seal space Removed in 7；After the completion of placement, control three-dimensional working platform 17 is moved into the annular seal space 7, and then closing door-plate makes inside annular seal space 7 Form sealing space.Annular seal space 7 can be injected into inert gas in laser welding, and heating module is positioned over three-dimensional working platform 17 On, for preheating workpiece to be welded, the top of annular seal space 7 is provided with light-passing board 2, and light-passing board 2 is resistant to elevated temperatures transparency glass plate, is swashed Flush weld connection module is located at the top of the light-passing board 2, and the laser beam 4 that laser welding module is sent is acted on after passing through the light-passing board 2 Workpiece to be welded, heating module, annular seal space 7 and laser welding module are controlled by industrial computer 9.Also include in the present embodiment Pressing plate 8, pressing plate 8 is arranged above heating module, and the workpiece to be welded for compressing on heating module is allowed to fixed, and pressing plate The through hole for being easy to laser beam 4 to pass through is further opened with 8.The heating module of the present embodiment includes insulated tank 10, heated seats 11, heating Rod 12 and thermocouple 16, insulated tank 10 use high temperature resistance glass fiber plate, with preferable partiting thermal insulation effect, and heated seats 11 are used and led Hot preferable copper material, heated seats 11 are positioned in insulated tank 10, are offered in heated seats 11 for placing workpiece to be welded Uniform and interval below groove, groove that several heating rods 12 are distributed with, several heating rods 12 are used and are connected in parallel, and The thermocouple 16 for measurement temperature is also equipped with below groove, heating rod 12 receives the feedback of thermocouple 16 by industrial computer 9 Signal realizes closed-loop control and then the workpiece to be welded being positioned in above-mentioned groove is accurately preheated.The present embodiment, which is utilized, to be added Thermal modules treat welding workpiece and carry out quick accurate preheating, and on the one hand can reduce the rigidity of workpiece reduces restraining for plumb joint On the other hand stress can increase the existence time of welding pool so as to effectively control the generation of welding cold cracking, be conducive to weldering The floating discharge of the gas generated in termination process, and then it is prevented effectively from the formation of stomata.The laser welding module bag of the present embodiment Galvanometer first 3, optical fiber 5 and laser 6 are included, galvanometer first 3 is connected with laser 6 by optical fiber 5 and then realized to welding scanning track Control, can further improve welding efficiency, galvanometer first 3 is supported in table base 1 by support, and galvanometer first 3 is just right The clamping position of workpiece to be welded is set.Laser 6 in the present embodiment is the ytterbium-doping optical fiber laser produced by IPG companies, Laser rated power is 6.0kW, and wavelength is 1.06 μm, and spot diameter size is 0.5mm-5mm；The laser beam 4 that laser 6 is sent For continuous or impulse form.Specifically the output wavelength of laser 6 is 1.06 μm of continuous wave laser in the present embodiment.
A kind of method of elimination aluminum steel dissimilar metal laser welding crackle and stomata of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps：
1) aluminium alloy plate 13 to be welded is cleaned with acetone and the workpiece of steel plate 15 is removed greasy dirt, and with mechanically or chemically Method removes the surface film oxide of aluminium alloy plate 13；
2) aluminium alloy plate 13 and the workpiece of steel plate 15 handled through step one is in arrangement, and in aluminium alloy plate 13 and steel plate up and down Thickness is set to be 5-20 μm of intermediate layer 14 effectively to suppress the welding of easily induction crackle on welding bead between 15 workpiece The generation of brittlement phase compound, specifically, intermediate layer 14 use thickness for 15 μm of Copper Foil, aluminium alloy plate 13 to be welded Using aluminium alloy plate 13 in overlapping mode upper, that steel plate 15 is under when being arranged with the workpiece of steel plate 15 above and below；
3) in heating module of the clamping workpiece to be welded on three-dimensional working platform 17 after being handled through step 2 and with pressure Plate 8 is fixed, and then controls three-dimensional working platform 17 to move into annular seal space 7；
4) injected into the annular seal space 7 in sealing state and nitrogen is selected in inert protective gas, the present embodiment, and pass through work Control machine 9 controls heating module to carry out quick accurate preheating to the workpiece to be welded in annular seal space 7；
5) by the first 3 control welding scanning track of galvanometer of laser welding module, high power pulse or continuous laser are utilized Workpiece to be welded after to being handled through step 4 carries out laser welding；
6) after the completion of welding, heating module is closed, annular seal space 7 is opened, the workpiece being welded and cooling is removed.
Specifically the size of workpiece aluminium alloy plate 13 to be welded in the present embodiment is：50mm × 20mm × 2mm, steel plate 15 is adopted SUS301 stainless steels are used, size is：50mm×20mm×1mm；Mistake in the middle of one layer set between aluminium alloy plate 13 and steel plate 15 Layer 14 is crossed, 15 μm of Copper Foil is used, Copper Foil is combined to form new ternary phase instead of existing skill with workpiece material to be welded The binary brittlement phase generated in art between two kinds of mother metals prevents the brittlement phase chemical combination of induction crackle using the mechanism of chemical reaction The generation of thing.The present embodiment treats welding workpiece using heating module and carries out quickly accurately being preheating to 450 DEG C, then using hot spot Diameter 1mm, laser power 3kW, sweep speed 1.5m/min laser welding module carry out laser welding；Whole welding process is equal Completed in the annular seal space 7 full of inert nitrogen gas, it is to avoid the oxidation blackening phenomena on welding material surface.
The defect such as flawless, stomata in the welding point obtained using the above method, and in 1000 times of optical microphotograph Observation discovery is carried out to complete welding point aluminium-steel interface under mirror and has no the generation of brittlement phase compound, therefore uses this method Carry out laser welding and result in the preferable good quality solder joints of stability.
Schematical above that the present invention and embodiments thereof are described, the description does not have restricted, institute in accompanying drawing What is shown is also one of embodiments of the present invention, and actual structure is not limited thereto.So, if the common skill of this area Art personnel enlightened by it, in the case where not departing from the invention objective, is designed and the technical scheme without creative Similar frame mode and embodiment, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN105799147B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2018-05-08 | 浙江树源文具有限公司 | A kind of plastic plate heats bending mechanism |
| CN106271047B (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2019-01-18 | 南京理工大学 | A method of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal is welded using femtosecond laser |
| CN106735894B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-12-28 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | A kind of dissimilar metal micro-bonding method |
| CN107378240A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-11-24 | 中山汉通激光设备有限公司 | A kind of galvanometer laser stitch welding technique |
| CN109290295B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-11-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Anti-oxidation laser cleaning device |
| CN110253165A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-09-20 | 安徽工程大学 | A kind of steel aluminium joint welder |
| CN110253166A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-09-20 | 安徽工程大学 | A kind of device for eliminating aluminum steel dissimilar metal weld crack and stomata |
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| JP2012096269A (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2012-05-24 | Npc Inc | Sealing machine of vacuum laser welding |
| CN202147089U (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2012-02-22 | 江苏金鑫电器有限公司 | Copper-aluminum dissimilar metal pressure deposition welding machine |
| CN102728950B (en) * | 2012-06-16 | 2014-08-13 | 张家港富瑞特种装备股份有限公司 | Laser welding method for metal sheets applied to ultra low temperature environment |
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