CN105081574B - A kind of layering pulse laser reduces the method that invar steel welds hot cracking tendency - Google Patents
A kind of layering pulse laser reduces the method that invar steel welds hot cracking tendency Download PDFInfo
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- CN105081574B CN105081574B CN201510599002.1A CN201510599002A CN105081574B CN 105081574 B CN105081574 B CN 105081574B CN 201510599002 A CN201510599002 A CN 201510599002A CN 105081574 B CN105081574 B CN 105081574B
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- laser
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- postwelding
- thermal
- invar steel
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
Abstract
A kind of layering pulse laser reduces the method that invar steel welds hot cracking tendency, belongs to laser welding technology field.The method adopts layering pulse laser controlling laser energy, heat after realizing preheated weld postwelding within each laser cycle, pre- thermal laser plays the effect reducing welding temperature gradient, welding laser realizes the connection of weld metal, and after postwelding, thermal laser plays the effect reducing postwelding weld metal cooldown rate.Thermal energy after adjustment layering laser power and pulse-width controlled layering laser energy control preheating temperature and scope, thermal weld stress amount and postwelding, control in conjunction with pulse frequency to adjust welding temperature gradient and postwelding rate of cooling, reduce the purpose of the welding stress of invar steel Laser Welding, to solve the problems, such as invar steel HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P.Speed of welding can be greatly improved by the method and reduce the welding hot crack tendency of invar steel.Speed of welding can reach 500 800mm/min, and the cooldown rate of postwelding weld metal reduces 50 80 DEG C/s.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of layering pulse laser reduces the method that invar steel welds hot cracking tendency, belong to laser welding skill
Art field.
Background technology
Invar steel（Invar steel, also referred to as invar）It is FeNi36 alloy, its room temperature linear expansion coefficient is less than 1.6 × 10-6k-1,
Be about 1/10th of mild steel, and vary less within the scope of larger temperature, be therefore widely used in precision measurement apparatus,
Electronics industry and LNG carrier.More and more important with status in energy field for the natural gas, long-distance transport is natural
The LNG carrier of gas has obtained rapid development as a kind of highly difficult, high added value ship type, and by invar steel thin film
The cargo tank insulation system screen layer being welded is to build difficulty the best part.
Invar steel is single phase austenite tissue, and hot tearing sensitivity is high, and its HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P problem has had a strong impact on welding matter
Amount and production efficiency.Easily form fire check and reheat crack(ing), for thermal weld stress amount and welding procedure during the welding of invar steel
There are strict requirements, even if adopting heat Relatively centralized, the less argon tungsten-arc welding of heat input（TIG welds）When hot tearing problem
Solve still without good, the level requirement for welding procedure and welding operator is very strict, production efficiency and automatization
Low degree.
HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P refers to the crackle producing at high temperature when welding, and feature is along original austenite crystal prevention cracking, welding
Hot cracking tendency depends primarily on weld metal and is in liquid-solid phase and plasticity and stress during brittle temperature range coexist.Therefore, it is
Reduce hot cracking tendency, solve the problems, such as that the HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P of invar steel, thus improve production efficiency, mainly has two methods at present,
A kind of plasticity being to improve weld metal, another kind is to reduce welding stress.
（1）Add packing material, prevent the low melting eutecticses product forming S, P at invar steel austenite grain boundary from leading to crystal boundary
Embrittlement, reduces welding hot cracking tendency with the plasticity improving material.Add the element such as Mn, Ti, Ca, Nb and C can reduce invar steel
Welding hot cracking tendency, but add packing material the linear expansion coefficient of commissure can be made to increase, destruction invar steel low
Expansion character, the cryogenic mechanics performance of impact welding point and using value；
（2）Reduce welding stress.Strict control welding condition, reduces thermal weld stress amount, using solid diffusivity side
The high energy beam welding method of method or heat high concentration.Although be capable of the welding of invar steel using friction stir welding method,
But the connection that the method is used for the invar steel thin film of thickness only 0.7mm is more difficult, so that it is applied the problems such as welding deformation and be subject to
Arrive restriction.Because laser is high energy beam thermal source, using the welding compared with using tungsten argon arc soldering method of laser welding invar steel
Heat input substantially reduces, and is obtained in that flawless welding point, but speed of welding is excessively slow.
When improving bonding power to improve speed of welding, due to laser weld energy high concentration（Depth-to-width ratio up to
15: 1）, the therefore thermograde between weld seam and surrounding metal material is increased dramatically, postwelding weld metal rate of cooling quickly,
Lead to the problem of welding stress more prominent, easily form HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P, seriously constrain the raising of speed of welding.
As the above analysis, in order to not affect the low bulk performance of invar steel it is impossible to improve using addition alloying element
The method of plasticity, can only adopt the welding hot cracking tendency to reduce invar steel for the method reducing welding stress.Reduce sweating heat defeated
Enter the developing direction that amount is the welding of invar steel high-speed high-quality amount using high energy beam welding method, but be affected by high energy beam welding method
The restriction that welding temperature gradient is high, postwelding weld metal rate of cooling is fast, speed of welding and production efficiency are difficult to be greatly improved.Fall
Thermograde during low laser welding and postwelding cooldown rate are the keys solving this problem, especially in postwelding cooling procedure
Weld metal is in thermograde and cooldown rate during the brittle temperature range that liquid-solid phase coexists.Ask to solve this
Topic, proposes a kind of method of layering pulse laser welding invar steel, realizes laser energy within each cycle of pulse laser
Hierarchical control, realizes heat after preheating-welding-postwelding within a laser cycle, and pre- thermal laser plays reduction welding temperature gradient
Effect, welding laser realizes the connection of weld metal, and after postwelding, thermal laser plays and reduces postwelding weld metal cooldown rate
Effect, thus reduce the welding hot cracking tendency of invar steel.
Content of the invention
The present invention is to provide a kind of layering pulse laser to reduce the method that invar steel welds hot cracking tendency.Laser each
Adopt layering pulse laser controlling laser energy in cycle, realize heat after preheating-welding-postwelding within each laser cycle,
Pre- thermal laser plays the effect reducing welding temperature gradient, and welding laser realizes the connection of weld metal, and after postwelding, thermal laser rises
To the effect reducing postwelding weld metal cooldown rate.By adjustment layering laser power and pulse-width controlled be layered laser energy
Control thermal energy after preheating temperature and scope, thermal weld stress amount and postwelding, the control in conjunction with pulse frequency to adjust welding temperature
Degree gradient and postwelding rate of cooling, reduce the purpose of the welding stress of invar steel Laser Welding, to solve invar steel sweating heat
The problem of crackle.Speed of welding can be greatly improved by the method and reduce the welding hot crack tendency of invar steel.
The technical solution used in the present invention is：A kind of layering pulse laser reduces the method that invar steel welds hot cracking tendency,
Methods described adopts the following step：
（1）The invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connection surface of well cutting, then rinsed with water and dried up with fan, put
Enter fixing in the fixture of welding bench, fixed with laser spot welding at weld seam initiating terminal and ending；
（2）Adjustment laser welding grease head highness is 80-100mm with the distance of invar steel surface of test piece, laser positive out of focus 3-
8mm, adjustment protection gas jets and become 45 degree of angles, shielding gas flow 10-15L/ with invar steel surface of test piece at 10-15mm
min；
（3）Setting layering pulse laser, layering pulse laser includes pre- thermal laser, welding laser, thermal laser after postwelding, in advance
Heat shock luminous power is 80-240 watt, and pulsewidth is 0.5-3ms, and welding laser power is 300-550 watt, and pulsewidth is 2-5ms, after postwelding
Heat shock luminous power is 80-240 watt, and pulsewidth is 0.5-3ms；Arrange pre- thermal laser warm, welding laser welding process,
Joining relation between thermal process after the postwelding of thermal laser after postwelding；
（4）Open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment welding
Spot diameter is to 0.5mm；
（5）Open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, welded by the path of welding that computer generates
Connect；
（6）Take out invar steel welding piece after laser welding and carry out performance test.
Thermal process after the postwelding of thermal laser after the warm of described pre- thermal laser, the welding process of welding laser, postwelding
Between be carried out continuously successively.
Time interval between the welding process of the warm of described pre- thermal laser and welding laser is 0.5-3ms, weldering
After connecing the welding process of laser and the postwelding of thermal laser after postwelding, the time interval between thermal process is 0.5-3ms.
It is carried out continuously between the welding process of the warm of described pre- thermal laser and welding laser, welding laser
After the postwelding of thermal laser after welding process and postwelding, the time interval between thermal process is 0.5-3ms.
Time interval between the welding process of the warm of described pre- thermal laser and welding laser is 0.5-3ms, weldering
It is carried out continuously between thermal process after connecing the welding process of laser and the postwelding of thermal laser after postwelding.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
1st, controlled by layer-stepping pulsed laser energy, weld metal can be reduced and be in thermograde during fragility warm area
20-55℃/mm；
2nd, controlled by layer-stepping pulsed laser energy, the cooldown rate 50-80 DEG C/s of postwelding weld metal can be reduced；
3rd, controlled by layer-stepping pulsed laser energy, speed of welding can reach 500-800mm/min；
4th, pass through the laser energy hierarchical control within each pulse period, heat collection after weld preheating, welding and postwelding
Realize in Cheng Yi pulse period, the design of technological parameter can be carried out as needed, parameter designing is convenient, flexible, optional
Scope is big；
5th, do not need other auxiliary equipments, cost will not be increased, and avoid when multiple equipment uses simultaneously and mutually assist
The problem adjusted；
6th, welding temperature gradient and postwelding rate of cooling are reduced, thus reducing the welding hot cracking tendency of invar steel.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is layering pulse laser solution 1 schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is layering pulse laser solution 2 schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is layering pulse laser solution 3 schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is layering pulse laser solution 4 schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is layering pulse laser solution 5 schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Layering pulse laser reduces the technical scheme schematic diagram of invar steel welding hot cracking tendency as Figure 1-5, each
In the individual pulse period, laser energy is divided into three layers：Thermal laser after pre- thermal laser, welding laser and postwelding, specific laser energy divides
Layer form can be a certain kind in Fig. 1-5, according to reducing thermograde and can reduce postwelding rate of cooling during practical application
Needs selected.The difference of five kinds of technical schemes be mainly pre- thermal laser warm, welding laser welding process,
Joining relation between thermal process after the postwelding of thermal laser after postwelding, that is, whether sometimes between be spaced, be still carried out continuously.
Fig. 1 represents layering pulse laser solution 1：
（1）The invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connection surface of well cutting, then rinsed with water and dried up with fan, put
Enter fixing in the fixture of welding bench, fixed with laser spot welding at weld seam initiating terminal and ending, to prevent in welding process
There is mismatching deformation；
（2）Adjustment laser welding grease head highness is 80-100mm with the distance of invar steel surface of test piece, laser positive out of focus 3-
8mm, adjustment protection gas jets and become 45 degree of angles, shielding gas flow 10-15L/ with invar steel surface of test piece at 10-15mm
min；
（3）It is respectively provided with layering pulse laser energy, preheat laser power 100-240 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, welding swashs
Luminous power 300-550 watt, pulsewidth 2-5ms, heat shock luminous power 80-150 watt after postwelding, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, layering pulse laser it
Between there is no time interval, be carried out continuously；
（4）Open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment welding
Spot diameter is to 0.5mm；
（5）Open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, welded by the path of welding that computer generates
Connect；
（6）Take out invar steel welding piece after laser welding and carry out performance test.
Fig. 2 represents layering pulse laser solution 2：
（1）The invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connection surface of well cutting, then rinsed with water and dried up with fan, put
Enter fixing in the fixture of welding bench, fixed with laser spot welding at weld seam initiating terminal and ending, to prevent in welding process
There is mismatching deformation；
（2）Adjustment laser welding grease head highness is 80-100mm with the distance of invar steel surface of test piece, laser positive out of focus 3-
8mm, adjustment protection gas jets and become 45 degree of angles, shielding gas flow 10-15L/ with invar steel surface of test piece at 10-15mm
min；
（3）It is respectively provided with layering pulse laser energy, preheat laser power 80-150 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, weld laser
300-550 watt of power, pulsewidth 2-5ms, heat shock luminous power 100-240 watt after postwelding, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, layering pulse laser it
Between there is no time interval, be carried out continuously；
（4）Open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment welding
Spot diameter is to 0.5mm；
（5）Open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, welded by the path of welding that computer generates
Connect；
（6）Take out invar steel welding piece after laser welding and carry out performance test.
Fig. 3 represents layering pulse laser solution 3：
（1）The invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connection surface of well cutting, then rinsed with water and dried up with fan, put
Enter fixing in the fixture of welding bench, fixed with laser spot welding at weld seam initiating terminal and ending, to prevent in welding process
There is mismatching deformation；
（2）Adjustment laser welding grease head highness is 80-100mm with the distance of invar steel surface of test piece, laser positive out of focus 3-
8mm, adjustment protection gas jets and become 45 degree of angles, shielding gas flow 10-15L/ with invar steel surface of test piece at 10-15mm
min；
（3）Open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment welding
Spot diameter is to 0.5mm；
（4）It is respectively provided with layering pulse laser energy, preheat laser power 80-150 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, weld laser
300-550 watt of power, pulsewidth 2-5ms, heat shock luminous power 100-240 watt after postwelding, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms.Pre- thermal laser and welding
Time interval between laser is 0.5-3ms, and after welding laser and postwelding, the time interval of thermal laser is 0.5-3ms；
（5）Open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, welded by the path of welding that computer generates
Connect；
（6）Take out invar steel welding piece after laser welding and carry out performance test.
Fig. 4 represents layering pulse laser solution 4：
（1）The invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connection surface of well cutting, then rinsed with water and dried up with fan, put
Enter fixing in the fixture of welding bench, fixed with laser spot welding at weld seam initiating terminal and ending, to prevent in welding process
There is mismatching deformation；
（2）Adjustment laser welding grease head highness is 80-100mm with the distance of invar steel surface of test piece, laser positive out of focus 3-
8mm, adjustment protection gas jets and become 45 degree of angles, shielding gas flow 10-15L/ with invar steel surface of test piece at 10-15mm
min；
（3）Open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment welding
Spot diameter is to 0.5mm；
（4）It is respectively provided with layering pulse laser energy, preheat laser power 80-150 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, weld laser
300-550 watt of power, pulsewidth 2-5ms, heat shock luminous power 100-240 watt after postwelding, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms.Pre- thermal laser and welding
Time interval between laser is 0.5-3ms, does not have time interval after welding laser and postwelding between thermal laser；
（5）Open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, welded by the path of welding that computer generates
Connect；
（6）Take out invar steel welding piece after laser welding and carry out performance test.
Fig. 5 represents layering pulse laser solution 5：
（1）The invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connection surface of well cutting, then rinsed with water and dried up with fan, put
Enter fixing in the fixture of welding bench, fixed with laser spot welding at weld seam initiating terminal and ending, to prevent in welding process
There is mismatching deformation；
（2）Adjustment laser welding grease head highness is 80-100mm with the distance of invar steel surface of test piece, laser positive out of focus 3-
8mm, adjustment protection gas jets and become 45 degree of angles, shielding gas flow 10-15L/ with invar steel surface of test piece at 10-15mm
min；
（3）Open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment welding
Spot diameter is to 0.5mm；
（4）It is respectively provided with layering pulse laser energy, preheat laser power 80-150 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, weld laser
300-550 watt of power, pulsewidth 2-5ms, heat shock luminous power 100-240 watt after postwelding, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms.Pre- thermal laser and welding
There is no time interval, after welding laser and postwelding, the time interval of thermal laser is 0.5-3ms between laser；
（5）Open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, welded by the path of welding that computer generates
Connect；
（6）Take out invar steel welding piece after laser welding and carry out performance test.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of layering pulse laser reduces the method that invar steel welds hot cracking tendency, it is characterized in that：Methods described adopts following
Step：
（1）The invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connection surface of well cutting, then rinsed with water and dried up with fan, put into weldering
Connect fixing in the fixture of workbench, fixed with laser spot welding at weld seam initiating terminal and ending；
（2）Adjustment laser welding grease head highness is 80-100mm with the distance of invar steel surface of test piece, and laser positive out of focus 3-8mm are adjusted
Whole protection gas jets and become 45 degree of angles, shielding gas flow 10-15L/min with invar steel surface of test piece at 10-15mm；
（3）Setting layering pulse laser, layering pulse laser includes pre- thermal laser, welding laser, thermal laser, pre- heat shock after postwelding
Luminous power is 80-240 watt, and pulsewidth is 0.5-3ms, and welding laser power is 300-550 watt, and pulsewidth is 2-5ms, heat shock after postwelding
Luminous power is 80-240 watt, and pulsewidth is 0.5-3ms；The warm that pre- thermal laser is set, the welding process welding laser, postwelding
Joining relation between thermal process after the postwelding of thermal laser afterwards；
（4）Open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment pad is straight
Footpath is to 0.5mm；
（5）Open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, welded by the path of welding that computer generates；
（6）Take out invar steel welding piece after laser welding and carry out performance test.
2. a kind of layering pulse laser according to claim 1 reduces the method that invar steel welds hot cracking tendency, its feature
It is：After the postwelding of thermal laser after the warm of described pre- thermal laser, the welding process of welding laser, postwelding between thermal process it is
It is carried out continuously successively.
3. a kind of layering pulse laser according to claim 1 reduces the method that invar steel welds hot cracking tendency, its feature
It is：Time interval between the welding process of the warm of described pre- thermal laser and welding laser is 0.5-3ms, welds laser
Welding process and postwelding after thermal laser postwelding after time interval between thermal process be 0.5-3ms.
4. a kind of layering pulse laser according to claim 1 reduces the method that invar steel welds hot cracking tendency, its feature
It is：It is carried out continuously between the welding process of the warm of described pre- thermal laser and welding laser, the welding of welding laser
After the postwelding of thermal laser after process and postwelding, the time interval between thermal process is 0.5-3ms.
5. a kind of layering pulse laser according to claim 1 reduces the method that invar steel welds hot cracking tendency, its feature
It is：Time interval between the welding process of the warm of described pre- thermal laser and welding laser is 0.5-3ms, welds laser
Welding process and postwelding after thermal laser postwelding after be carried out continuously between thermal process.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109048052A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-21 | 江苏大学 | A kind of scan method inhibiting the deformation of laser welding thin plate bending |
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| CN105938974B (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2019-02-05 | 北京牙科通医疗科技股份有限公司 | A kind of laser variable pulse width protection system |
| CN106425096B (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-07-06 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Laser soldering device |
| CN107511551B (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-02-18 | 歌尔股份有限公司 | Tin ball laser welding method |
| CN113828924A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2021-12-24 | 湖北三江航天红阳机电有限公司 | K438 high-temperature alloy welding method |
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| US6124568A (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2000-09-26 | General Electric Company | Heating apparatus for a welding operation and method therefor |
| DE102004001166B4 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2007-03-15 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Method for laser welding with preheating and / or reheating in the region of the weld |
| CN101564799A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-28 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Compound welding method by using semiconductor laser and CO2 laser |
| CN101417371B (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2010-08-18 | 上海工程技术大学 | Welding technique of Invar alloy and hard alloy welding piece |
| CN103862173A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-06-18 | 大连理工大学 | High-speed laser welding method for invar film |
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