CN105149106A - Preparation method of auxiliary collecting agent for improving recovery rate of associated gold in antimonite - Google Patents
Preparation method of auxiliary collecting agent for improving recovery rate of associated gold in antimonite Download PDFInfo
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- CN105149106A CN105149106A CN201510639375.7A CN201510639375A CN105149106A CN 105149106 A CN105149106 A CN 105149106A CN 201510639375 A CN201510639375 A CN 201510639375A CN 105149106 A CN105149106 A CN 105149106A
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- stibnite
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910052959 stibnite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidene(sulfanylidenestibanylsulfanyl)stibane Chemical compound S=[Sb]S[Sb]=S IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 ammonium sulfate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- TUZCOAQWCRRVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCCCOC(S)=S TUZCOAQWCRRVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- KAPYVWKEUSXLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sb].[Au] Chemical compound [Sb].[Au] KAPYVWKEUSXLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052964 arsenopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[Fe+3].[As-] MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium;magnesium;dicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 229910001607 magnesium mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052569 sulfide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 2
- PFRUBEOIWWEFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[S] Chemical compound [N].[S] PFRUBEOIWWEFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052592 oxide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=S YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
一种提高辉锑矿中伴生金回收率的辅助捕收剂的制备方法，首先将草酸、盐酸和水按质量比＝1～1:1～2:2～3混合得溶液1，然后将磷酸铵按质量比＝1～2:2～5加入溶液1中，在温度70～75℃条件下搅拌至溶解得溶液2；再将硫铵脂按质量比＝1～2:1～3加入溶液2中，在2～2.5Mpa条件下反应2-4小时得到的液体药剂即为所述的辅助捕收剂。A preparation method of an auxiliary collector for improving the recovery rate of associated gold in stibnite, first mixing oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid and water according to the mass ratio = 1～1:1～2:2～3 to obtain a solution 1, and then adding phosphoric acid Add ammonium into solution 1 according to the mass ratio = 1～2:2～5, stir at a temperature of 70～75°C until dissolved to obtain solution 2; then add ammonium sulfate ester into the solution according to the mass ratio=1～2:1～3 In 2, the liquid agent obtained by reacting for 2-4 hours under the condition of 2-2.5Mpa is the auxiliary collector.
Description
一、技术领域1. Technical field
本发明涉及一种提高辉锑矿中伴生金回收率的辅助捕收剂的制备方法。The invention relates to a preparation method of an auxiliary collector for improving the recovery rate of associated gold in stibnite.
二、背景技术2. Background technology
目前国内外辉锑矿及伴生金的浮选回收一般采用优选浮选流程或混合浮选流程。优先浮选流程，即在一定条件下优先浮选硫化锑矿物，然后再浮选含金硫化矿物；混合浮选流程是在一定条件下添加某些药剂使锑金上浮形成混合精矿。这两种方法虽然对锑金矿物都能有效回收，但优先浮选流程容易使锑精矿中载金矿物过多引入锑精矿，降低锑精矿品位及有害元素超标，所以一般采用混合浮选后再分离流程。混合浮选一般采用硫酸或硫酸铜先活化，然后加黄药、黑药、硫氮等进行浮选捕收，硫化矿的浮选回收率在86～91％之间；但是当载金矿物为云母或石英且金含量较高时，再采用以上捕收剂则对金的回收效果不明显，金的回收率仅为50～60％，其原因在于：一方面，云母或石英可浮性不如其它硫化好；另一方面，由于云母或石英本身为氧化矿物，其可浮性差；再次，载金矿物中铁离子以类质同象存在影响其可浮性。如何制备提高辉锑矿中伴生金回收率的辅助捕收剂一直是国内外选矿界比较关注的问题。At present, the flotation recovery of stibnite and associated gold at home and abroad generally adopts the optimal flotation process or the mixed flotation process. The priority flotation process is to preferentially float antimony sulfide minerals under certain conditions, and then flotation gold-containing sulfide minerals; the mixed flotation process is to add certain chemicals under certain conditions to float antimony and gold to form a mixed concentrate. Although these two methods can effectively recover antimony-gold minerals, the priority flotation process is likely to introduce too much gold-bearing minerals into antimony concentrates, reduce the grade of antimony concentrates and exceed the standard of harmful elements, so mixed flotation is generally used. Separate the process after selection. Mixed flotation generally uses sulfuric acid or copper sulfate to activate first, and then add xanthate, black powder, sulfur nitrogen, etc. for flotation collection. The flotation recovery rate of sulfide ore is between 86% and 91%. When mica or quartz has a high gold content, the recovery effect of the above collectors is not obvious, and the gold recovery rate is only 50-60%. The reason is that: on the one hand, mica or quartz is not as buoyant as Other sulfides are good; on the other hand, because mica or quartz itself is an oxide mineral, its buoyancy is poor; thirdly, the presence of iron ions in gold-bearing minerals in the same quality affects its buoyancy. How to prepare auxiliary collectors to improve the recovery rate of associated gold in stibnite has always been a concern in the ore dressing circles at home and abroad.
三、发明内容3. Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于一种提高辉锑矿中伴生金回收率的辅助捕收剂的制备方法，该方法制备得到的辅助捕收剂能够提高辉锑矿中伴生金的回收率。The object of the present invention is a preparation method of an auxiliary collector for improving the recovery rate of associated gold in stibnite, and the auxiliary collector prepared by the method can improve the recovery rate of associated gold in stibnite.
本发明采用以下技术方案实现上述目的：一种提高辉锑矿中伴生金回收率的辅助捕收剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将草酸、盐酸和水按质量比＝1～1:1～2:2～3混合得溶液1，然后将磷酸铵按质量比＝1～2:2～5加入溶液1中，在温度70～75℃条件下搅拌至溶解得溶液2；然后将硫铵脂按质量比＝1～2:1～3加入溶液2中，在2～2.5Mpa条件下反应2-4小时得到的液体药剂即为所述的辅助捕收剂。The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above object: a preparation method of an auxiliary collector for improving the recovery rate of associated gold in stibnite, comprising the following steps: mixing oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid and water in a mass ratio of 1～1:1～ Mix 2:2~3 to get solution 1, then add ammonium phosphate into solution 1 according to the mass ratio = 1~2:2~5, stir at a temperature of 70~75°C until dissolved to get solution 2; then add ammonium sulfate ester According to the mass ratio = 1-2:1-3, add it into the solution 2, and react under the condition of 2-2.5Mpa for 2-4 hours to obtain the liquid agent, which is the auxiliary collector.
制备得的提高辉锑矿中伴生金回收率的辅助捕收剂在浮选中的应用，具体条件为：浮选时，加入硫酸调整矿浆pH值为6.5～7；浮选过程中，将矿石磨矿至矿物单体解离，然后加水玻璃250g/t作抑制剂，再加硝酸铅50g/t、硫酸铜80g/t作活化剂，再加丁基黄药120g/t、所述辅助捕收剂30g/t，最后加起泡剂2#油100g/t对辉锑矿及伴生金进行捕收，The prepared auxiliary collector for improving the recovery rate of associated gold in stibnite is applied in flotation, and the specific conditions are as follows: during flotation, sulfuric acid is added to adjust the pH value of the slurry to 6.5-7; during flotation, the ore Grind ore until the mineral monomers are dissociated, then add water glass 250g/t as an inhibitor, then add lead nitrate 50g/t, copper sulfate 80g/t as an activator, add butyl xanthate 120g/t, the auxiliary trap Collecting agent 30g/t, and finally add foaming agent 2# oil 100g/t to collect stibnite and associated gold,
所述辅助捕收剂总用量为：30～40g/t。The total dosage of the auxiliary collector is: 30-40g/t.
使用时，将所述辅助捕收剂原液添加。When in use, the stock solution of the auxiliary collector is added.
除另有说明外，本发明所述的百分比均为质量百分比，各组分含量百分数之和为100％。Unless otherwise specified, the percentages mentioned in the present invention are all mass percentages, and the sum of the content percentages of each component is 100%.
本发明的具体优点在于：Concrete advantages of the present invention are:
1、采用本发明制备得到的辅助捕收剂易溶于水，且具有良好的选择性及耐低温性能，能够提高辉锑矿中伴生金的回收率，1. The auxiliary collector prepared by the present invention is easily soluble in water, has good selectivity and low temperature resistance, and can improve the recovery rate of associated gold in stibnite,
2、药剂用量少。2. The dosage of medicine is less.
四、具体实施方式4. Specific implementation
以下通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步描述。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below through specific examples.
实施例1Example 1
本发明所述的提高辉锑矿中伴生金回收率的辅助捕收剂的制备方法的一个实例，包括以下步骤：An example of the preparation method of the auxiliary collector that improves the associated gold recovery rate in the stibnite of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
首先将草酸、盐酸和水按质量比＝1:1:2混合得溶液1，然后将磷酸铵按质量比＝1:2加入溶液1中，在温度70℃条件下搅拌至溶解得溶液2；然后将硫铵脂按质量比＝1:1加入溶液2中，在2Mpa条件下反应2-4小时得到的液体药剂即为所述的辅助捕收剂。First, mix oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid and water at a mass ratio of 1:1:2 to obtain solution 1, then add ammonium phosphate to solution 1 at a mass ratio of 1:2, and stir until dissolved at a temperature of 70°C to obtain solution 2; Then add ammonium sulfate ester to solution 2 at a mass ratio of 1:1, and react under the condition of 2Mpa for 2-4 hours to obtain a liquid agent that is the auxiliary collector.
实施例2Example 2
本发明所述的提高辉锑矿中伴生金回收率的辅助捕收剂的制备方法的另一个实例，包括以下步骤：Another example of the preparation method of the auxiliary collector that improves the associated gold recovery rate in the stibnite of the present invention comprises the following steps:
将草酸、盐酸和水按质量比为1:2:3混合得溶液1，然后将磷酸铵按质量比＝2:5加入溶液1中，在温度75℃条件下搅拌至溶解得溶液2；然后将硫铵脂按质量比＝2:3加入溶液2中，在2.5Mpa条件下反应2-4小时得到的液体药剂即为所述的辅助捕收剂。Mix oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid and water at a mass ratio of 1:2:3 to obtain solution 1, then add ammonium phosphate to solution 1 at a mass ratio of 2:5, and stir at a temperature of 75°C until dissolved to obtain solution 2; then Add the ammonium sulfate ester to the solution 2 at a mass ratio of 2:3, and react under the condition of 2.5Mpa for 2-4 hours to obtain a liquid agent that is the auxiliary collector.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例为所述的提高辉锑矿中伴生金回收率的辅助捕收剂在浮选中的应用实例。This embodiment is an application example of the auxiliary collector for improving the recovery rate of associated gold in stibnite in flotation.
1、矿物原料：1. Mineral raw materials:
所用矿物原料为辉锑矿及载金硫化矿石，其中锑含量为1.35％、砷含量为0.78％、硫含量为6.32％、金含量为3.50g/t，经物相分析表明，矿石中锑矿物以辉锑矿为主，另有少量锑华；载金矿物主要为、辉锑矿、黄铁矿、毒砂、少量石英及云母；脉石矿物主要为碳酸盐的钙镁矿物。The mineral raw materials used are stibnite and gold-loaded sulfide ore, in which the antimony content is 1.35%, the arsenic content is 0.78%, the sulfur content is 6.32%, and the gold content is 3.50g/t. The phase analysis shows that the antimony minerals in the ore Mainly stibnite, with a small amount of stibnite; gold-bearing minerals are mainly stibnite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, a small amount of quartz and mica; gangue minerals are mainly carbonate calcium-magnesium minerals.
2、药剂制度及操作条件：将矿石磨矿至矿物单体解离，加入硫酸调矿浆pH到6.5～7，然后加水玻璃250g/t作抑制剂，再加硝酸铅50g/t、硫酸铜80g/t作活化剂，再加丁基黄药120g/t、所述辅助捕收剂30g/t，最后加起泡剂2#油100g/t对辉锑矿及载金硫化矿进行捕收试验，结果表明采用以上药剂条件能够有效将辉锑矿及载金硫化矿进行浮选回收，在给矿锑含量1.35％、金3.50g/t含量条件下，经过一次粗选三次扫选及三次精选，得到含锑31.50％、含金24.79g/t的混合锑金精矿，锑回收率为86.77％，金回收率为80.61％。2. Chemical system and operating conditions: Grind the ore until the mineral monomers are dissociated, add sulfuric acid to adjust the pH of the slurry to 6.5-7, then add 250g/t of water glass as inhibitor, add 50g/t of lead nitrate and 80g of copper sulfate /t as activator, add 120g/t of butyl xanthate, 30g/t of the auxiliary collector, and finally add 100g/t of foaming agent 2# oil to carry out collection test on stibnite and gold-loaded sulfide ore , the results show that the above reagent conditions can effectively recover stibnite and gold-loaded sulfide ore by flotation. Under the conditions of feed antimony content of 1.35% and gold content of 3.50g/t, after one roughing, three times of sweeping and three times of refining The mixed antimony-gold concentrate containing 31.50% antimony and 24.79g/t gold was obtained, the recovery rate of antimony was 86.77%, and the recovery rate of gold was 80.61%.
实施例4Example 4
本实施例为所述的提高辉矿中伴生金回收率的辅助捕收剂在浮选中的另一应用实例。This embodiment is another application example of the auxiliary collector for increasing the recovery rate of associated gold in pyroxene in flotation.
1、矿物原料：1. Mineral raw materials:
所用矿物原料为辉锑矿及载金硫化矿石，其中锑含量为1.60％、砷含量为1.16％、硫含量为7.82％、金含量为3.90g/t，经物相分析表明，矿石中锑矿物以辉锑矿为主，另有少量锑华；含金矿物主要为辉锑矿、黄铁矿、毒砂、少量石英及云母；脉石矿物主要为碳酸盐的钙镁矿物。The mineral raw materials used are stibnite and gold-loaded sulfide ore, in which the antimony content is 1.60%, the arsenic content is 1.16%, the sulfur content is 7.82%, and the gold content is 3.90g/t. The phase analysis shows that the antimony minerals in the ore Mainly stibnite, with a small amount of stibnite; gold-bearing minerals are mainly stibnite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, a small amount of quartz and mica; gangue minerals are mainly carbonate calcium-magnesium minerals.
2、药剂制度及操作条件：将矿石磨矿至矿物单体解后加入硫酸调矿浆pH到6.5～7，然后加水玻璃250g/t作抑制剂，再加硝酸铅50g/t、硫酸铜100g/t作活化剂，再加丁基黄药120g/t、所述辅助捕收剂40g/t，最后加起泡剂2#油100g/t辉锑矿及载金硫化矿，结果表明采用以上药剂条件能够有效将辉锑矿及载金硫化矿进行浮选回收，在给矿锑含量1.60％、金3.90g/t含量条件下，经过一次粗选三次扫选及三次精选，得到含锑33.21％、含金25.10g/t的混合锑金精矿，锑回收率为88.53％，金回收率为81.74％。2. Chemical system and operating conditions: Grind the ore until the mineral monomer is decomposed, then add sulfuric acid to adjust the pH of the slurry to 6.5-7, then add 250g/t of water glass as inhibitor, add 50g/t of lead nitrate, 100g/t of copper sulfate t as activator, add butyl xanthate 120g/t, the auxiliary collector 40g/t, and finally add foaming agent 2# oil 100g/t stibnite and gold-loaded sulfide ore, the results show that the above agents are used The conditions can effectively carry out flotation recovery of stibnite and gold-loaded sulfide ore. Under the conditions of feed antimony content of 1.60% and gold content of 3.90g/t, after one roughing, three times of sweeping and three times of beneficiation, the antimony content of 33.21 %, mixed antimony-gold concentrate containing 25.10g/t of gold, the recovery rate of antimony is 88.53%, and the recovery rate of gold is 81.74%.
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