CN105146524A - 一种鱼油组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
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- A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- A23L3/3499—Organic compounds containing oxygen with doubly-bound oxygen
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种鱼油组合物及其制备方法,所述的鱼油组合物添加有姜黄素,且所述的鱼油组合物中,以鱼油的质量计,姜黄素的浓度为0.01~1mg/g;本发明采用姜黄素作为抗氧化剂,在减缓鱼油有效成分氧化能力上优于现有组方中常用的维生素E,而且姜黄素本身的各种保健功效可以提高产品的品质。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种鱼油组合物及其制备方法。
(二)背景技术
鱼油,是鱼体内的全部油类物质的总称,通常来源于大型海洋鱼类的身体。鱼油的主要成分为Omega-3脂肪酸(包括DHA和EPA),可降低炎症反应,降低血脂、预防心脏血管疾病和癌症,达到提高自身免疫力的作用,现已被大量应用于保健药品,深受人们喜爱。但是鱼油的加工和储存过程中容易变质,主要是鱼油中的EPA和DHA均为多不饱和脂肪酸,含有较多个不饱和双键,极易氧化变质。DHA、EPA氧化后对人体极其有害,DHA、EPA氧化后,产生丙二醛,它可与蛋白交联,从而使肌肉失去弹性,黑色素增多。其次鱼油氧化产生的自由基有致癌作用,脂类氧化物还可使心血管粥样硬化,损坏血管内壁,使之变脆,从而导致高血压和脑溢血。
综上所述,作为保健品的鱼油氧化后的危害性较为严重,为此目前市场上的鱼油产品多数会添加维生素E来延缓鱼油氧化。本发明选择姜黄素(curcumin)作为延缓鱼油氧化的添加剂,主要是由于姜黄素是天然的植物提取物,无毒,报道称其具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、利胆、抗氧化、抗肝细胞毒性、抗风湿、抑菌、抗低血压、低胆固醇等广泛的药理功效,近年来引起人们的关注,作为安全的食品添加剂已被广泛应用。
(三)发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种鱼油组合物及其制备方法。所述的鱼油组合物添加有姜黄素,利用姜黄素自身的抗氧化活性,将其添加入无加工的鱼油中,用来减缓鱼油在加工、运输、储存中营养物质的氧化分解,从而更好地发挥两者的功效。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种鱼油组合物,所述的鱼油组合物添加有姜黄素,且所述的鱼油组合物中,以鱼油的质量计,姜黄素的浓度为0.01~1mg/g。
进一步,一种鱼油组合物,所述的鱼油组合物由鱼油、姜黄素组成;所述的鱼油组合物中,以鱼油的质量计,姜黄素的浓度为0.01~1mg/g。
优选所述的鱼油组合物中,以鱼油的质量计,所述姜黄素的浓度为0.1~0.5mg/g;特别优选所述姜黄素的浓度为0.3mg/g。
本发明还提供了一种所述的鱼油组合物的制备方法,所述制备方法为:
将姜黄素加入新鲜鱼油中,超声溶解10~20min,所得鱼油组合物置于4~25℃下密封储存。
所述制备方法中,推荐所述超声的频率为400~1000Hz。
本发明还提供了姜黄素在本发明鱼油组合物中作为抗氧化剂的应用。
本发明所述鱼油为本领域常规的鱼油,是鱼体内的全部油类物质的统称,它包括体油、肝油和脑油。
按上述方法制备的鱼油组合物每隔1周取样进行氧化指标检验,主要检测鱼油组合物中的酸值,过氧化物和共轭二烯的值,以及多不饱和脂肪酸和硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质含量的变化,同时以添加了维生素E的鱼油的氧化情况作为对比,跟踪检测半年,发现一定浓度的姜黄素防止鱼油氧化的能力优于维生素E。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果主要体现在:
本发明采用姜黄素作为抗氧化剂,在减缓鱼油有效成分氧化能力上优于现有组方中常用的维生素E,而且姜黄素本身的各种保健功效可以提高产品的品质。将适量姜黄素添加到鱼油中,能有效减缓鱼油中营养成分的氧化分解。鱼油与姜黄素组合,在保持鱼油功效的同时,利用姜黄素的保健功效,将增强产品的抗炎、抗氧化、抗诱变、抗凝、降血脂、抗动脉硬化等药理作用,该组方的产品将更好地发挥两者的功效。
(四)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
实施例1
精密称取10mg姜黄素(CUR)加到100g新鲜鱼油中,超声15分钟溶解,得到CUR鱼油,25℃下密封存储。
对比例1
精密称取10mg维生素E(VE)加到100g新鲜鱼油中,超声15分钟溶解,得到VE鱼油,25℃下密封存储。
对实施例1得到的CUR鱼油和对比例1得到的VE鱼油每周取样进行鱼油氧化指标检测,主要检测鱼油样品中的酸值,过氧化物和共轭二烯的值,以及多不饱和脂肪酸和硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质含量的变化。
鱼油样品分成三组,分别是空白组、实施例1CUR组(CUR终浓度0.1mg/g)、对比例1VE组(VE终浓度0.1mg/g)。
A:酸价(AV)的测定
酸价(或称中和值、酸值、酸度)表示中和1克化学物质所需的氢氧化钾(KOH)的毫克数。酸价是对化合物(例如脂肪酸)或混合物中游离羧酸基团数量的一个计量标准。酸价的单位:(KOH)/(mg/g)。酸价越小,说明油脂质量越好,新鲜度和精炼程度越好。酸价的检测方法如下:
(1)将含有0.5ml酚酞指示剂的50ml乙醇溶液置于锥形瓶中,加热至沸腾,当乙醇的温度高于70℃时,立刻用0.1mol/LKOH溶液滴定,待溶液由无色变为淡粉红色,并保持15s不褪色即中性时,停止滴定,得到中性热乙醇溶液待用。
(2)中和后的乙醇转移至装有2g测试样品的锥形瓶中,充分混合,煮沸,用KOH溶液滴定,充分振摇,至溶液颜色发生变化,并保持15s不褪色即为滴定终点。记录消耗的KOH溶液体积。
(3)由公式AV(mg/g)=V*C*40/m计算出样品的酸价。
其中,V代表KOH溶液消耗的体积(mL);C代表加入KOH溶液的浓度(mol/L);m是鱼油样品的质量(g)。
三组鱼油样品的酸价随时间变化的结果见表1。
表125℃下鱼油的空白组、CUR组、VE组的酸价随着时间变化
Days | 空白组 | CUR组 | VE组 |
0 | 0.0370 | 0.0370 | 0.0370 |
7 | 0.1788 | 0.0741 | 0.1786 |
14 | 0.1883 | 0.0768 | 0.1824 |
21 | 0.1946 | 0.0817 | 0.1840 |
28 | 0.1945 | 0.0892 | 0.1878 |
35 | 0.2145 | 0.0969 | 0.1997 |
42 | 0.1799 | 0.0884 | 0.2111 |
49 | 0.2207 | 0.1035 | 0.2214 |
56 | 0.2379 | 0.1331 | 0.2299 |
63 | 0.2969 | 0.1520 | 0.2426 |
70 | 0.3623 | 0.1771 | 0.2477 |
由表1可知,与市售产品添加的维生素E相比,本发明所述的CUR与鱼油混合后能够在70天周期试验下仍然保持较低含量的酸价值,证明其抗氧化效果优于相同浓度的维生素E。
B:过氧化值(PV)的测定
过氧化值表示油脂和脂肪酸等被氧化程度的一种指标。是1千克样品中的活性氧含量,以过氧化物的毫摩尔数表示。油脂氧化后生成过氧化物、醛、酮等。氧化能力较强,能将碘化钾氧化成游离碘。可用硫代硫酸钠来滴定。过氧化值是衡量油脂酸败程度,过氧化值越高其酸败程度越大。过氧化值的检测方法如下:
(1)准确称量鱼油样品(3克)溶解在25ml冰乙酸-异辛烷试剂(3:2,V/V)中,加入0.5ml碘化钾饱和溶液。将混合液用手摇动0.5分钟,并避光放置1分钟。
(2)向混合液中加入100mL蒸馏水。
(3)用0.1mol/L硫代硫酸钠溶液滴定。逐渐地、不间断地滴定,同时伴随有力的搅动,直到黄色几乎消失,记录消耗的硫代硫酸钠溶液的体积V0,添加约0.5mL淀粉溶液,继续滴定,临近终点时,不断摇动使所有的碘从溶剂层释放出来,逐滴添加滴定液,至蓝色消失,即为终点,记录此时硫代硫酸钠体积V。
(4)由公式PV(meq/kg)=C×(V-V0)×1000/m计算出样品的过氧化值。
其中C是硫代硫酸钠溶液的浓度(mol/L);V和V0代表硫代硫酸钠溶液的样品耗尽和空白体积(mL);m是鱼油的质量(g)。
三组鱼油样品的过氧化值随时间变化的结果见表2。
表225℃下鱼油的空白组、CUR组、VE组的过氧化值随着时间变化
Days | 空白 | CUR组 | VE组 |
0 | 2.5808 | 2.5808 | 2.5808 |
7 | 11.8700 | 11.1848 | 11.2016 |
14 | 22.8580 | 16.7766 | 18.2451 |
21 | 36.7227 | 25.5899 | 27.1828 |
28 | 44.2098 | 34.1785 | 35.8076 |
35 | 66.1163 | 43.9860 | 47.5499 |
42 | 87.2531 | 62.2056 | 64.1158 |
49 | 105.8233 | 73.2332 | 76.9570 |
56 | 125.9259 | 99.8150 | 98.2745 |
63 | 156.9306 | 117.8177 | 114.4347 |
70 | 186.6293 | 131.4926 | 142.0036 |
由表2可知,与市售产品添加的维生素E相比,本发明所述的CUR与鱼油混合后能够在70天周期试验下仍然保持较低的过氧化值,证明其抗氧化效果优于相同浓度的维生素E。
C:丙二醛(MDA)值测定
生物体内,自由基作用于脂质发生过氧化反应,氧化终产物为丙二醛,会引起蛋白质、核酸等生命大分子的交联聚合,且具有细胞毒性。在酸性和高温度条件下,可以与硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)反应生成红棕色的三甲川(3,5,5-三甲基恶唑-2,4-二酮),其最大吸收波长在538nm。丙二醛值的检测方法如下:
(1)硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)溶液制备:准确称取0.288g硫代巴比妥酸溶于水中。稀释至100ml;。
(2)三氯乙酸混合液制备:准确称取三氯乙酸7.5g及0.1gEDTA用水溶解,稀释至100ml;
(3)准确称取2g鱼油样品于锥形瓶中。加入10ml三氯乙酸混合液。震摇30min,双重滤纸过滤,准确移取上述滤液5ml置于25ml纳氏比色管内,加入5mlTBA溶液,混匀,加塞,置于90℃水浴内加热10min,取出,冷却至室温,移入小试管内,离心5min,上清液倾入25ml纳氏比色管内,加入5ml三氯甲烷,摇匀,静置,分层,吸出上清液于538nm波长处比色,同时做空白试验。用含量为1μg,2μg,3μg,4μg,5μg丙二醛标准溶液做上述处理,根据溶液浓度与吸光度的关系作标准曲线。
(4)由公式MDA(mg/kg)=S/m*10计算出样品的丙二醛值。
其中S是鱼油样品中MDA的相应浓度(从标准曲线获得),m是鱼油样品的质量(g)。
三组鱼油样品的丙二醛值随时间变化的结果见表3。
表325℃下鱼油的空白组、CUR组、VE组的丙二醛值随着时间变化
Days | 空白 | CUR组 | VE组 |
0 | 0.1948 | 0.1948 | 0.1948 |
7 | 0.2517 | 0.1820 | 0.2295 |
14 | 0.2894 | 0.2007 | 0.2514 |
21 | 0.2933 | 0.2387 | 0.2658 |
28 | 0.2856 | 0.2485 | 0.2888 |
35 | 0.3038 | 0.2470 | 0.2918 |
42 | 0.3239 | 0.2448 | 0.3105 |
49 | 0.3372 | 0.2667 | 0.3275 |
56 | 0.3484 | 0.2877 | 0.3207 |
63 | 0.3493 | 0.2892 | 0.3252 |
70 | 0.3728 | 0.2900 | 0.3273 |
由表3可知,与市售产品添加的维生素E相比,本发明所述的CUR与鱼油混合后能够在70天周期试验下仍然保持较低含量的丙二醛值,证明其抗氧化效果优于相同浓度的维生素E。
D:共轭二烯(CD)含量测定
共轭二烯被经常用于测量过氧化物。由不饱和脂肪酸的氧化形成共轭二烯系统。共轭二烯含量的检测方法如下:
称取鱼油样品0.02~0.04g,加入到25mL容量瓶中,用异辛烷定容至刻度,充分混合,得到鱼油样品溶液。用异辛烷做空白对照,在波长为234nm处测定鱼油样品溶液的吸光度(A234)。按下式计算共轭二烯值(CD):CD=A234/(c×L)。
式中:A234为鱼油样品溶液在234nm处的吸光度;L为比色皿宽度(cm);C为鱼油样品溶液的浓度(g/100mL)。
三组鱼油样品的共轭二烯值随时间变化的结果见表4。
表425℃下鱼油的空白组、CUR组、VE组的共轭二烯值随着时间变化
Days | 空白 | CUR组 | VE组 |
0 | 15.1231 | 15.1231 | 15.1231 |
7 | 16.7316 | 16.0714 | 15.9736 |
14 | 17.8864 | 16.7159 | 16.7785 |
21 | 18.8761 | 17.5749 | 17.7464 |
28 | 19.5214 | 18.4599 | 19.1132 |
35 | 20.1693 | 19.2647 | 19.2541 |
42 | 20.9163 | 20.2075 | 20.2083 |
49 | 21.5865 | 20.5459 | 21.6598 |
56 | 23.2708 | 22.0811 | 22.1058 |
63 | 25.2741 | 22.7967 | 23.6871 |
70 | 26.2131 | 23.9809 | 24.4130 |
由表4可知,与市售产品添加的维生素E相比,本发明所述的CUR与鱼油混合后能够在70天周期试验下仍然保持较低含量的共轭二烯值,证明其抗氧化效果优于相同浓度的维生素E。
E:多元不饱和脂肪酸测定
多元不饱和脂肪酸的检测方法如下:
(1)取鱼油样品1g于50mL具塞容量瓶中,加入10mL正己烷轻摇使样品溶解,并用正己烷定容至刻度。吸取此溶液1.0~5.0mL于另一10mL具塞比色管中,再加入2mol/L氢氧化钠-甲醇溶液lmL,充分震荡10min后放入60℃的水浴中加热1~2min进行皂化反应,皂化反应完成后,冷却到室温,待甲醋化用。
(2)向经过步骤1皂化后的样品溶液中加入2mol/L盐酸-甲醇溶液2mL,充分震荡10min,并于50℃的水浴中加热2min进行甲酯化,弃去下层液体,再加约2mL蒸馏水洗净并去除水层,用滴管吸出正己烷层,移至另一装有无水硫酸钠的漏斗中脱水,再分别用2mL正己烷洗水层两次,用滴管吸出正己烷层,经过装有无水硫酸钠的漏斗脱水后,合并正己烷层,定容至5mL(若脱水后的正己烷层超过5mL,则将溶液在70℃水浴上加热浓缩,定容至5mL)。待上机测试用。
(3)气相色谱分析,分析条件如下:
进样口温度:250℃;进样量:1.0uL,不分流进样;色谱柱:Hp-530m×0.250mm×0.20um;
柱流速(氮气):2.0mL/min(恒流);程序升温:40℃(lmin),3℃/min升至220℃(60min),5℃/min升至230℃(2min)。
传输线温度:250℃;质谱方法:四极杆温度:150℃;离子源温度:230℃;溶剂延迟时间:3min;扫描方式:全扫描。
三组鱼油样品的不饱和脂肪酸值随时间变化的结果见表5。
表525℃下鱼油的空白组、CUR组、VE组的不饱和脂肪酸值随着时间变化
days | 空白 | CUR组 | VE组 |
0 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
21 | 51.77 | 51.94 | 51.85 |
35 | 44.99 | 45.57 | 45.91 |
56 | 31.43 | 32.85 | 31.76 |
70 | 25.12 | 28.69 | 27.58 |
由表5可知,与市售产品添加的维生素E相比,本发明所述的CUR与鱼油混合后能够在70天周期试验下仍然保持较高含量的不饱和脂肪酸值,证明其抗氧化效果优于相同浓度的维生素E。
综上,0.1mg/g姜黄素的浓度能有效增强鱼油的抗氧化活性。
Claims (7)
1.一种鱼油组合物,其特征在于,所述的鱼油组合物添加有姜黄素,且所述的鱼油组合物中,以鱼油的质量计,姜黄素的浓度为0.01~1mg/g。
2.如权利要求1所述的鱼油组合物,其特征在于,所述的鱼油组合物由鱼油、姜黄素组成;所述的鱼油组合物中,以鱼油的质量计,姜黄素的浓度为0.01~1mg/g。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的鱼油组合物,其特征在于,以鱼油的质量计,所述姜黄素的浓度为0.1~0.5mg/g。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的鱼油组合物,其特征在于,以鱼油的质量计,所述姜黄素的浓度为0.3mg/g。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的鱼油组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为:
将姜黄素加入新鲜鱼油中,超声溶解10~20min,所得鱼油组合物置于4~25℃下密封储存。
6.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超声的频率为400~1000Hz。
7.姜黄素在权利要求1所述的鱼油组合物中作为抗氧化剂的应用。
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