CN105143027B - Three-wheeled vehicle - Google Patents

Three-wheeled vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105143027B
CN105143027B CN201480023027.0A CN201480023027A CN105143027B CN 105143027 B CN105143027 B CN 105143027B CN 201480023027 A CN201480023027 A CN 201480023027A CN 105143027 B CN105143027 B CN 105143027B
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China
Prior art keywords
vehicle
wheeled vehicle
wheel
speed
height
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CN201480023027.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105143027A (en
Inventor
D·凯利
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CN201910489617.7A priority Critical patent/CN110217332B/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
    • B62K5/02—Tricycles
    • B62K5/05—Tricycles characterised by a single rear wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J17/00—Weather guards for riders; Fairings or stream-lining parts not otherwise provided for
    • B62J17/08—Hoods protecting the rider
    • B62J17/086—Frame mounted hoods specially adapted for motorcycles or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K13/00—Cycles convertible to, or transformable into, other types of cycles or land vehicle
    • B62K13/02—Cycles convertible to, or transformable into, other types of cycles or land vehicle to a tandem
    • B62K13/025—Cycles convertible to, or transformable into, other types of cycles or land vehicle to a tandem from two or more cycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K21/00—Steering devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K25/00—Axle suspensions
    • B62K25/04—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork
    • B62K25/12—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork with rocking arm pivoted on each fork leg
    • B62K25/14—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork with rocking arm pivoted on each fork leg with single arm on each fork leg
    • B62K25/16—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork with rocking arm pivoted on each fork leg with single arm on each fork leg for front wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K25/00—Axle suspensions
    • B62K25/04—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork
    • B62K25/12—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork with rocking arm pivoted on each fork leg
    • B62K25/14—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork with rocking arm pivoted on each fork leg with single arm on each fork leg
    • B62K25/20—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork with rocking arm pivoted on each fork leg with single arm on each fork leg for rear wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K27/00—Sidecars; Forecars; Trailers or the like specially adapted to be attached to cycles
    • B62K27/003—Trailers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K27/00—Sidecars; Forecars; Trailers or the like specially adapted to be attached to cycles
    • B62K27/10—Other component parts or accessories
    • B62K27/12—Coupling parts for attaching cars or the like to cycle; Arrangements thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K3/00—Bicycles
    • B62K3/005—Recumbent-type bicycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
    • B62K5/02—Tricycles
    • B62K5/027—Motorcycles with three wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
    • B62K5/10—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels with means for inwardly inclining the vehicle body on bends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60G2300/12—Cycles; Motorcycles
    • B60G2300/122—Trikes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60G2300/40—Variable track or wheelbase vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D31/00—Superstructures for passenger vehicles
    • B62D31/003—Superstructures for passenger vehicles compact cars, e.g. city cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D61/00—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern
    • B62D61/06—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern with only three wheels
    • B62D61/065—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern with only three wheels with single rear wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
    • B62K2005/001—Suspension details for cycles with three or more main road wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K25/00—Axle suspensions
    • B62K25/04—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork
    • B62K2025/044—Suspensions with automatic adjustment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K25/00—Axle suspensions
    • B62K25/04—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork
    • B62K2025/045—Suspensions with ride-height adjustment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K2204/00—Adaptations for driving cycles by electric motor

Abstract

A kind of three-wheeled vehicle with wheel setting and section adjustment feature is described, there are two front-wheels, a rear-wheel for the wheel setting tool.The rear-wheel can be configured to deflecting roller, and be unique deflecting roller in some cases.Described two front-wheels are configured as being substantially parallel to each other, and the rear-wheel is configured as lying substantially in rear positions between described two front-wheels at center.The wheel this arrangement provide stability, maintain balance to keep the vehicle in vertical position without very important person.The section adjustment feature can be according to car speed come the height of vehicle described in adjust automatically.When the vehicle accelerates, the height can be reduced, by tilting the vehicle, provided in turning than by vehicle that rotate the rear-wheel more stable.

Description

Three-wheeled vehicle
Background of invention
Cross reference to related applications
The application requests the U.S. of entitled " the Three-Wheeled Vehicle " that submits on March 15th, 2013 temporarily special The equity of sharp application number 61/798693, the full content of the application are hereby incorporated herein by.
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of three-wheeled vehicles, and in particular to a kind of power-assisted three-wheeled vehicle.
Background technique
Traffic, and daily customary local transit especially for example on and off duty, are the required of valuableness for many people Product.It buys and the cost for operating automobile is extremely high, and steeply rise in recent years.In addition, automobile causes road congestion, and searches and stop It parking stall may be also frustrating.In addition, automobile does not provide the device for physical training, environment is also polluted, and burning has Limit the fossil fuel of resource.
For many people, no more than about ten miles on and off duty by bus, this makes for them using for example voluntarily The traffic of the manpower form of vehicle is very practical.However, some can be uncomfortable on bicycle, because two wheeler needs cyclist to protect Maintain an equal level weighing apparatus.Many people fear oneself cycling meeting disequilibrium and injury, and ride a bicycle and do not feel well together with automobile, Because bicycle does not provide protection to cyclist.In addition, bicycle not to cyclist provide relative to weather (including wind, Rain, snow and cold) protection, and they are arrived at the destination when, seems not properly dressed.In addition, cycling may Very tired, especially when going up a slope, and upon arrival at a destination, possibility is soaked with sweat and feels worn out.
Electric bicycle (electric vehicle) as personal means of conveyance due to it is at low cost, have in densely populated urban area Effect, the use of " last mile " and individual and Community health's benefit and use profit.However, the feelings with normal bicycle Condition is identical, and many people are uncomfortable to operate electric vehicle on busy road, fears that they may be injured, and there is no opposite In the protection of natural environment or other vehicles.In addition, bicycle provides limited cargo dead-weight or does not provide cargo dead-weight.So far Until, provided on a vehicle trial of two kinds of advantages of electric vehicle and automobile the result is that two kinds of advantages cannot all be had The merging body provided is provided.
A kind of cyclist is needed to may not be needed the stable vehicle for keeping balance that can operate, the vehicle provides phase Protection for other vehicles and natural environment provides some cargo capacities, dynamic auxiliary, thus provide exercise chance and The low cost for possessing and operating.
Brief summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to a kind of three-wheeled vehicle comprising wheel setting, there are two front-wheel and a rear-wheels for the wheel setting tool. Two front-wheels are configured as being substantially parallel to each other, and rear-wheel is configured as the middle line substantially along vehicle, or substantially exists It is aligned between two front-wheels and the rear portion towards vehicle is set.Wheel this arrangement provide stable vehicle, without Very important person maintains balance to keep the vehicle in vertical position；The strategic point as needed for the two wheeler of bicycle.In addition, this wheel is set It sets and provides zero turning radius, vehicle can be rotated around a single point between two front-wheels whereby.Rear-wheel can be from two front-drives To 90 degree, and two front-wheels can be rotated in the opposite sense, so that the point between two front-wheels at center provides zero turning radius.
Three-wheeled vehicle as described herein further includes the section adjustment device for being couple to rear-wheel, whereby can for example by using Linear actuators or rotating arm or any combination thereof carry out braking rear-wheel, to adjust the height of vehicle.In one embodiment, when When three-wheeled vehicle is more than threshold velocity, the height of three-wheeled vehicle is automatically adjusted based on the feedback signal, or is adjusted as the opposite function of speed.? Under low speed, the height of vehicle, or the height on the operator head of seat in the car can be at the first height, and when three-wheeled vehicle adds When speed arrives fair speed, the height of vehicle can be reduced.The reduction of height of car can reduce air drag, improve efficiency and pass through drop Centre of gravity and keep three-wheeled vehicle more stable, to reduce the axial torque of inclination.Section adjustment device is that adjustment vehicle is high The combination of any device or any device of degree, and may include but be not limited to, linear actuators, pivot, on rack and pinion The gear deceleration, pivot, multiple pivots etc..It may include one or more gas bars and/or spring to promote section that section, which adjusts device, The movement and alignment of adjustment.In exemplary embodiment, section adjustment device is configured to the reduction when being more than threshold velocity Height of car, or adjust height of car continuously when velocity variations to maintain required feature.
Three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may also include the protective shell at least on the front of vehicle.Protective shell or protective shell Any part can be configured to be detachably connected to three-wheeled vehicle.Protective shell may include one or more windows and/or ventilation Mouthful, the window and/or ventilation opening can be configured to open, to allow air to flow into three-wheeled vehicle.In an embodiment In, protective shell substantially surrounds the three-wheeled vehicle gone out as shown here.In some embodiments, in protective shell can configure one or Multiple doors.Door can be considered as a part of the protective shell of three-wheeled vehicle as described herein.In addition, the wheel of three-wheeled vehicle and Especially front-wheel can be configured in the cavity for being for example moved upwards up to protective shell when turning round or in main body.
In exemplary embodiment, the protective shell of vehicle provides primary structural support to vehicle, wherein the component of vehicle (for example, device with pedal, wheel etc.) is connected to shell.Shell may include endosexine and extexine, and be configured in therebetween porous Polymeric layer.Structural support can be configured on shell or inside shell, with to be connected thereto or pass through its configure component provide Additional intensity.
Three-wheeled vehicle may include the wing drop of vehicle or roll feature, and whereby under raised speed, vehicle can be into Capable inclined amount increases.Wing drop feature can prevent three-wheeled vehicle from falling and allow inclination safe under any speed Amount, wherein operator may not operate vehicle outside safety zone.In exemplary embodiment, input separator is turned to by coupling It is connected to section adjustment device, whereby the pivotal point in the height adjustment steering gear ratio mechanism of vehicle, so as to adjust rear wheel Steering contribution between roll steer control.Under the low speed, ratio is weighted to rear wheel, and at the higher speeds, ratio It is shifted more to roll steer control.Course changing control actuator is coupled to transfer, whereby from the steering of operator Input is divided into rear wheel and roll steer.In yet another embodiment, the position of swing arm is before electric actuator changes to produce It is raw to roll, so that operator or cyclist do not suffer from substantive side or transverse acceleration.Inertial sensor can be caused with wheel Dynamic device couples and automatically controls tilted position.Differential mechanism is configurable between front-wheel, and improves vehicle so that vehicle when rolling Tend to stablize.
Three-wheeled vehicle as described herein can be configured to front entrance door, whereby operator enter vehicle front and Between two front-wheels.For example, operator is liftable or swings preceding protective shell and enters vehicle by the front of vehicle, it is then shut off Preceding protective shell.In other embodiments, door can be configured in the one side or the multi-lateral of vehicle.
Three-wheeled vehicle as described herein can be configured to for single occupant or operator, or can be configured to use In two or more occupants, such as an operator and a passenger.In exemplary embodiment, three-wheeled vehicle is matched It is set to for an operator and is used for cargo and/or is configured in the subsequent child of operator.In yet another embodiment, three Wheeled vehicle is configured as being only used for an operator and the subsequent cargo of operator.In other embodiments, three-wheeled vehicle quilt It is configured to more than two passengers, more than three passengers etc..In yet another embodiment, passenger or storage trailer can be configured to It is connected to three-wheeled vehicle.For example, passenger's trailer may be connected to the rear portion of three-wheeled vehicle, and can be at least partly by three-wheeled vehicle control System.In yet another embodiment, two or more three-wheeled vehicles can be coupled together, and dragged vehicle and be can provide additional move Power pushes connection vehicle, or can provide additional electric power and carry out towing vehicle.One three-wheeled vehicle can pass through any suitable dress It sets and (including but not limited to, folds drawbar, known vehicle is connected to by Acetabula device) and be connected to another three-wheeled vehicle, whereby coupling Sucker at least one of vehicle being connected to is connected to the rod piece between vehicle, such as tether or elastic rod.However, When pulling in the vehicle another, the towing system of integration does not need sucker and is attached.When as described herein three When wheeled vehicle is couple to automobile, three-wheeled vehicle can provide additional thrust to automobile, or simply be pulled by automobile.It is couple to vapour The three-wheeled vehicle of vehicle can provide additional power to automobile, electric car or hybrid vehicle, for example, electric power.Three-wheeled vehicle It the propulsion of automobile can be used to recharge to its battery, and can be configured to only do so when the automobile decelerates.Three-wheeled vehicle Acceleration, deceleration and the steering of vehicle can be sensed by accelerometer device, and correspondingly react.Three-wheeled vehicle can be used to Automobile provides thrust, and reduces the energy consumption of automobile.Three-wheeled vehicle is available so that car deceleration, and reduces brake component and saving The energy.
Three-wheeled vehicle as described herein can be entirely human powered vehicle or can have one or more manpower input feature vectors. In the embodiment of complete manpower, three-wheeled vehicle can be configured with one or more device with pedal, and the device with pedal makes Operator and/or passenger pedal and can push three-wheeled vehicle.Device with pedal can be couple to three by any suitable device One or more wheels of wheeled vehicle, the suitable device include chain, gear rod piece, belt, provided coupling feature Any combination etc..In exemplary embodiment, device with pedal and generator are coupled, and generated electric power is provided to one A or multiple electric motors are to push vehicle.Electric motor can be coupled to two front-wheels, and may be, for example, hub motor.Again In one embodiment, three-wheeled vehicle is configured with the device with pedal of operator and the individual device with pedal of passenger.Such as this paper institute The three-wheeled vehicle stated can be configured to be sitting in behind operator for single passenger, and device with pedal can be coupled to, whereby operator Their pedal power is combined with passenger.Device with pedal can be any suitable type, including such as most conventional bicycle institute The rotary type or reciprocating seen, two pedals move back and forth in a substantially linear fashion whereby, including curved path but non-rotating Path.In exemplary embodiment, reciprocating pedal device is configured in operator front, and including pedal, the pedal It overturns or is pivoted away, until operator is ready to using them, so that pedal has no relations when vehicles passing in and out.In addition, trampling Trigger system can be configured to inside the shell at least partially in vehicle, and pedal extended in cabin.
In exemplary embodiment, device with pedal is coupled to generator, and pedal can be configured to pass through whereby The battery of one or more wheels of electrical motor driven three-wheeled vehicle charges.Three-wheeled vehicle, which can be used, comes from manpower input feature vector Pedal power come when operator wishes control vehicle forward speed.
In exemplary embodiment, three-wheeled vehicle as described herein includes one or more power assist apparatus, example Such as electric motor.Power assist apparatus can be coupled at least one wheel of three-wheeled vehicle.Electric motor can be by any suitable The rod piece of conjunction is coupled to wheel, or can be configured on wheel, it is as shown whereby and is located substantially at as described herein Around wheel.In exemplary embodiment, two electric hub motors are configured on two front-wheels.Another exemplary real It applies in scheme, electric motor is configured in each of three wheels of three-wheeled vehicle.The electric motor of any suitable type Can be used in conjunction with three-wheeled vehicle, including but not limited to, brushless AC motor, brushless DC motor, DC motor, syncmotor, syncmotor, Induction motor, brushless motor, have brush motor, general motor, induction motor, torque-motor, stepper motor, servo motor, Transverse magnetic flux motor etc..In exemplary embodiment, the transverse magnetic flux motor based on MetGlas is used.Make in three-wheeled vehicle Motor can have any suitable power output, including but not limited to, about l.5kW or higher, about 7.5kW or higher, about 15kW or more high.
Three-wheeled vehicle as described herein can be designed to reach any suitable speed or velocity interval, including but unlimited In, 20mph or higher, 30mph or higher, 40mph or higher, 55mph or higher, 65mph or higher and any model therebetween It encloses, and including provided speed, such as between 20mph and 65mph and including 20mph and 65mph.In exemplary implementation side In case, three-wheeled vehicle is designed to reach 65mph or higher speed, so that it is in addition to the state outside urban area It is feasible for most of roads except the highway of border.In yet another embodiment, three-wheeled vehicle as described herein is matched It sets to reach 125mph or higher speed.
Three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may also include regenerative braking characteristics and rechargeable battery, and braking energy can quilt whereby It is stored in rechargeable battery.Braking and/or regenerative braking characteristics can be in wheels in one or more, such as only in rear-wheel On upper, two front-wheels or on all three wheels.Three-wheeled vehicle can provide control so that wheel braking or acceleration period not It skids.Can driving wheel so that turn to input also control wheel torque, speed and/or position, thus especially help control turn To.The control to wheel can also be used, to use differential mechanism position or torque or speed rather than generate other to be rolled dress It sets to roll or tilting vehicle.
Three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may include the combination of the battery or battery of any suitable type, including but not limited to Lithium chemical cell.In exemplary embodiment, multiple lithium chemical cells are configured to quickly and readily be installed to tricycle In.In one embodiment, equipped with plug in battery pack feature, battery pack can remove from vehicle and be inserted into standard whereby Wall plug receptacle is to recharge battery.Three-wheeled vehicle may include any amount of removable and rechargeable battery pack, including one, two It is a, three or more etc..One or more batteries can have the charger being integrated into unit and/or BMS system, have Handle is for hand-held, so that it can be removed and be charged using normal power supplies plug, without other equipment or special plug.? It include plug in three-wheeled vehicle feature, three-wheeled vehicle can be inserted into charge to battery whereby in another embodiment.
Three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may include intelligent electronic device interface, conventional intelligent electronic device any whereby Docking station can be inserted into, and electronic data, amusement, instruction, music, traffic alerts are provided, and control one of three-wheeled vehicle or Multiple functions.In yet another embodiment, program of the intelligent electronic device with special design to be used in conjunction with three-wheeled vehicle, and It is responsible for some controls to three-wheeled vehicle in some embodiments.For example, in one embodiment, the intelligence being connect with vehicle Electronic device can control the setting of section adjuster according to speed.In one embodiment, intelligent electronic device can be with three-wheel Vehicle connection, and navigation information, speed, the power rating of vehicle, estimation range, the manpower of duration output and total defeated are provided Out, averagely manpower output, heart rate, heat rate or expenditure, and any other information relevant to vehicle driving.It is demonstrating Property embodiment in, monitor and display operation person heart rate.Sensor can be configured on transfer (such as handle), And heart rate shows and may be provided on intelligent electronic device.In exemplary embodiment, the calorie of burning can be counted Calculate and be shown as the summation of rate, the summation of a period of time and/or given operating range.Can also show it is relevant to stroke other Information, including maximum speed, average speed, climb.In another exemplary embodiment, display shows the operation of vehicle The input power that person generates to the manpower input unit of such as device with pedal.For example, display can be shown as unit of watt The power input of operator, and this power can be converted to electrical energy by the generator, the electric energy are stored in battery or directly To drive vehicle.
In exemplary embodiment, manpower input is measured by vehicle, and is inputted unless there are manpower, and otherwise three-wheeled vehicle can It can not operate.Do so the regulation that can meet the vehicle of particular category of such as electric bicycle.In another embodiment, three Wheeled vehicle can limit the performance (for example, speed) of vehicle, to meet the regulation of the vehicle of particular category.In another embodiment In, information can be used for enhancing training, treatment reason or for taking exercise.
The intelligent electronic device connecting with three-wheeled vehicle can provide operator or passenger and such as this paper in the three-wheeled vehicle People in another three-wheeled vehicle or the communication arbitrarily between other people.Intelligent electronic device can by voice from sender The automatic ambient noise for reducing microphone and picking up before being transmitted to recipient.Noise can be any ambient noise, vehicle audio system The music etc. that system is just playing.In this way, the passenger in two or more different three-wheeled vehicles can communicate as described herein, It just look like them is in same vehicle, to provide more public experience when operating three-wheeled vehicle.In another embodiment party In case, intelligent electronic device can also reduce or inhibit the propagation of music caused by three-wheeled vehicle sound system or sound.For example, The people for driving three-wheeled vehicle may listen to music, and answer the phone of friend.Intelligent electronic device can transmit the sound of driver Sound, but inhibition or reduction music are transmitted to caller.The e-mail of the music played in the accessible vehicle of intelligent electronic device Number, music is propagated to help to reduce.
Three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may include one or more rearview mirrors, the rearview mirror can with height of car and from Dynamic adjustment, to provide the view direction of constant.For example, three-wheeled vehicle, which can adjust feature by section, changes height according to speed Degree.When height of car changes, operator may not be able to see suitable view direction by rearview mirror.However, automatic rear-view Mirror, which adjusts feature, can adjust the view direction of rearview mirror, to adjust the view direction that feature maintains constant according to section.From Dynamic rearview mirror adjustment feature for example can adjust feature coupling by control system and section.Intelligent apparatus also can be used to pass through display The information of one or more cameras on vehicle supplements rearview mirror etc..Headlamp can be integrated into identical with mirror In unit, so that it is automatically adjusted based on the feedback signal also with section change.Flash lamp can be integrated into identical unit, to reduce zero Part, work and complexity.This system can also be to can be removed foldable or telescopic or have some devices, so that closing At the key moment (such as when passing through doorway), the width of vehicle is not increased.
In exemplary embodiment, three-wheeled vehicle includes wing drop feature, before inertial sensor provides control whereby The input of the lifting of wheel, whereby when vehicle is mobile around turning, a front-wheel is increased and another wheel may be lowered, with Reduce the side acceleration that the operator of vehicle is felt.
Three-wheeled vehicle at its most upright position can be any suitable height, including but not limited to no more than 6 feet, no Greater than 5 feet, no more than 4 feet, any range no more than 3.5 feet and therebetween, and including provided height value.Equally Ground, under upper inclined high-speed mode, three-wheeled vehicle can have any suitable height, including but not limited to, be no more than 5 Foot, no more than 4 feet, no more than 3 feet, any range no more than 2.5 feet and therebetween, and including provided height Value.Three-wheeled vehicle can have any suitable maximum width, including but not limited to, be no more than 48 ", be no more than 36 ", be no more than 34 ", it is no more than 32 ", is no more than 30 ", is no more than 28 " and any range therebetween, and including provided width value.It is demonstrating Property embodiment in, three-wheeled vehicle be configured to set between standard external door opening or pass through 34 " wide openings.Side-view mirror It can be configured to be folded inward and/or shrink, and/or remove to reduce the maximum width of three-wheeled vehicle as described herein.? In exemplary embodiment, it is on and off duty that a people may take three-wheeled vehicle as described herein, and bring vehicle into its work and build It builds, and in some cases, bring elevator into and ideally brings its office or workplace into.Three-wheeled vehicle can be configured and adjust From anywhere in whole size can be reached with to reach wheelchair.Three-wheeled vehicle can be inserted into wall plug receptacle and charge the battery, for coming off duty Seating is gone home afterwards or one or more battery can be carried into workplace and charge.
Three-wheeled vehicle may include any suitable or needs the feature of road and/or on-highway vehicle, including but not limited to, Head lamp, trouble light, brake lamp, the front-turn signal lamp of vehicle, rear turn signal lamp and/or side signal lamp, rearview mirror or Camera, side-view mirror or camera, rain brush, and any combination of provided feature.In one embodiment, one or more Mirror changes position according to the inclination of vehicle, more effectively watches to provide when car turns round or tilts.
Brief summary of the invention of the invention is provided as the general introduction to some embodiments of the invention, and is not intended to limit System.Any suitable combination of feature described in brief summary of the invention can be incorporated to three-wheeled vehicle as needed.There is provided herein include this The deformation of invention and the other exemplary embodiment of alternate configuration.
Brief description
Attached drawing is incorporated herein to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and be incorporated into this specification and as this Part of specification shows embodiment of the present invention, and principle for explaining the present invention together with the description.
Fig. 1 shows the isometric view of exemplary three-wheeled vehicle as described herein.
Fig. 2 shows the side views of exemplary three-wheeled vehicle.
Fig. 3 shows the top view of exemplary three-wheeled vehicle.
Fig. 4 shows the isometric view of the exemplary three-wheeled vehicle of entrance door opening.
Fig. 5 shows the side view of the exemplary three-wheeled vehicle of side window family opening.
Fig. 6 shows the side view of the exemplary three-wheeled vehicle in upward or high profile position.
Fig. 7 shows the side view in downward or low section position exemplary three-wheeled vehicle.
Fig. 8 shows the side view of the exemplary three-wheeled vehicle in sectional median plane position.
Fig. 9 shows the side view of the exemplary three-wheeled vehicle in sectional median plane position.
Figure 10 shows the side view of the exemplary tricycle frame in upward profile position.
Figure 11 shows the side view in downward or low section position exemplary tricycle frame.
Figure 12 shows the side view of 90 degree of the rear wheel exemplary tricycle frames to zero turning radius axis.
Figure 13 shows the top view of 90 degree of the rear wheel exemplary tricycle frames to zero turning radius axis.
Figure 14 shows the bottom view of 90 degree of the rear wheel exemplary tricycle frames to zero turning radius axis.
Figure 15 A and 15B show the top view of exemplary zero turning radius of three-wheeled vehicle.
Figure 16 shows the top view of exemplary three-wheeled vehicle front-wheel drive and pivot configuration.
Figure 17 shows the isometric view of exemplary wheel and exemplary swing arm.
Figure 18 is shown, provided with the top view of the three-wheeled vehicle geometry of people's seating.
Figure 19 shows the isometric view of the wherein exemplary three-wheeled vehicle configured with intelligent electronic device.
Figure 20 shows the isometric view of the exemplary three-wheeled vehicle with lamp, flash lamp and mirror assembly.
Figure 21 shows the exemplary three-wheeled vehicle with the battery module for being configured to be removed and be easy to carry about with one by operator View.
Figure 22 shows the isometric view of the exemplary three-wheeled vehicle shell main body with top part.
Figure 23 shows the isometric view for pulling the exemplary three-wheeled vehicle of another three-wheeled vehicle.
Figure 24 is shown by the isometric view of the exemplary three-wheeled vehicle of automotive towing.
Figure 25 shows the side view of the demonstration sexual deviation input separator in low speed configuration.
Figure 26 shows the side view of the demonstration sexual deviation input separator in high-speed configuration.
Figure 27 A shows the side view of the demonstration sexual deviation input separator in high-speed configuration.
Figure 27 B shows the side view of the demonstration sexual deviation input separator in middling speed configuration.
Figure 27 C shows the side view of the demonstration sexual deviation input separator in low speed configuration.
Figure 28 shows the isometric view of exemplary rack and pinion transfer.
Figure 29 shows the isometric view of exemplary rack and pinion transfer.
Figure 30 shows the isometric view of exemplary rack and pinion transfer.
Figure 31 shows the top view of exemplary composite turning arm assembly.
Figure 32 shows the electrical form for turning to input separator ratio.
Figure 33 is shown as turning to the figure of the steering response of input function.
Figure 34 shows exemplary center differential configuration.
Figure 35 shows exemplary center differential configuration.
The rear-wheel that Figure 36 shows for controlling exemplary three-wheeled vehicle drag away from exemplary geometrical shapes.
Figure 37 A-37C show exemplary three-wheeled vehicle and rear-wheel drag away from geometry.
Specific embodiment
In several views of attached drawing, corresponding reference symbol indicates corresponding component.Attached drawing represents of the invention some The explanation of embodiment, and be understood not to limit the scope of the invention in any way.In addition, attached drawing is not necessarily to scale It draws, some features can be shown the details of specific components by lavishing praise on oneself.Therefore, specific structure and function details disclosed herein are not Should be understood it is restricted, and only as introduction those skilled in the art differently use representative basis of the invention.
As used herein, term " include (comprises) ", " include (comprising) ", " include (includes) ", " include (including) ", " with (has) ", " with (having) " or its any other deformation are intended to Cover nonexcludability includes.E.g., including process, method, article or the device of a series of elements are not necessarily limited to these Element, and may include obviously not listed or the process, method, article or the intrinsic other elements of device.Also, " one (a) " Or the use of " one (an) " is used to describe element and component as described herein.It does so merely for convenience, and provides this hair The general meaning of bright range.This description should be read to include one or at least one, and odd number also includes plural number, unless It is otherwise explicitly indicated.
It is described herein and certain exemplary embodiments the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings.Described embodiment is only For illustrating the present invention, and it is understood not to limit the scope of the invention.Invention technician is envisioned that of the invention its Certain modifications, combination and improvement of its embodiment and the embodiment, and all alternate embodiments, combination, Modification and improvement are within.
As shown in figure 1, exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10 includes two front-wheels 22,23 and a rear-wheel 20 and protective shell 17. The near front wheel 22 and off-front wheel 23 constitute two front-wheels.Three-wheeled vehicle shown in fig. 1, which has, surrounds three-wheeled vehicle, or substantially covers vehicle The protective shell of at least front of main body, rear portion, top and side.Protective shell 17 extends on two front-wheels, as Fig. 1 shows to 4 Out.The protective shell of three-wheeled vehicle is configured as aerodynamic and has lower resistance.The protective shell for surrounding three-wheeled vehicle may be simultaneously Not as shown in figure 1 as cover vehicle wheel.Weather proof can be formed by being configured as the protective shell substantially on entire three-wheeled vehicle Shell, or the complete enclosure around occupant as shown in Fig. 1 to 4 can be formed.When door and/or window, which are in, closes orientation, The inside that the air outside vehicle enters three-wheeled vehicle can be substantially prevented from.In addition, ventilation opening (not shown) can be configured in vehicle Front or any other suitable position, and can be opened with to operator provide heat dissipation.Protective shell is to prevent wind and Yu Tong The material crossed provides certain protection when contingency occurs, and may include the combination of any suitable material or material, packet It includes but is not limited to, polymer, polypropylene, glass, metal, fabric, composite material etc..Protective shell may include transparent part or window Family, operator or passenger can be looked out by shell whereby.In addition, one in more windows can be configured to open.Protective shell It can be configured in any part of three-wheeled vehicle.For example, protective shell can cover the front of vehicle and any side of vehicle Part.Protective shell may include the one or more coverboards that can be configured to be detachably connected to vehicle.Such as when weather is fine When, operator can determine to remove side plate, and when bad weather or too low temperature, addition add-in card is may be selected in operator.
As shown in Figure 2, exemplary three-wheeled vehicle has multiple windows, including front window 72 and side window family 74.Window can quilt Configuration is to open or be dismantled from vehicle.The shape of protective shell can be to be aerodynamic, it provides lower resistance whereby.In Fig. 1 to 4 The shape of the protective shell shown can be described as generally tear shape, and wherein outer surface is circular, and have from front part of vehicle to The continuous profile of vehicle rear, and its middle front part has the volume bigger than rear portion.Traditional automobile usually have it is multiple substantially Flat surface, wherein bonnet is parallel to the ground and is transitioned into and is configured as the windshield at an angle with ground level The surface of general planar, the profile whereby from bonnet to windshield are discrete profiles or fast with inflection point or slope Speed variation.
If Fig. 3 is shown, exemplary three-wheeled vehicle has the aerodynamic protective shell for surrounding vehicle.Protective shell has along outer The uneven surface at rear portion of the shell from the front of vehicle to vehicle.Exemplary three-wheeled vehicle shown in Fig. 1 to 4 is configured for One operator is without passenger.
If Fig. 4 is shown, exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10 includes front entrance 70, and front entrance 70 is opened to allow access into vehicle whereby Inside.Front entrance 70 may include front window 72 and can be considered as door 73.Front entrance 70 may be beaten in any suitable manner It opens, including being opened to side as shown in Figure 4, opened bottom-up using the pivot at the top along window, or along vehicle Profile sliding, front window is slided bottom-up whereby.Door can be configured in any suitable position, such as before vehicle Portion's (such as Fig. 4 is shown), the side along vehicle, or at the rear portion of vehicle.The front of vehicle is the part of vehicle face forward, and It is part of the vehicle above two front-wheels and before two front-wheels in one embodiment.
If Fig. 5 is shown, exemplary three-wheeled vehicle has the side window family 74 opened.Operator 11 is shown as in the car, Foot steps down on device with pedal 15.People can pushes pedals device with directly to vehicle provide power, or for example by generator give one A or multiple batteries 19 charge.Such as the manpower input unit 50 of device with pedal can be configured in any suitable position on vehicle It sets.If Fig. 5 is shown, device with pedal 51 includes armature 53 and the pedal 55 for being couple to it.Such as the manpower of device with pedal inputs dress Setting can couple with generator, and input power is converted to electric energy.This electric energy can be used for pushing vehicle, operation any suitable Vehicular system is stored in battery, or is fed to any other system, such as family as AC or DC electric power.Pedal dress Setting, which can be configured to, tramples described device using both arms for operator.Control system 13 can be provided to device with pedal 15 and vehicle The related resistance of speed, resistance is trampled with the offer of lower transmission ratio under the low speed whereby, and at the higher speeds with higher Transmission ratio tramples resistance with the comparable resistance offer of higher gear ratio.Control device can provide degree of physical exercise, foundation to people Protocol changes trample resistance, and the feedback characteristic of such as heart rate can be used to trample resistance to control for this agreement.For example, turning It may include the heart rate monitor for measuring the heart rate of operator to device.Control system can monitoring operation person heart speed Rate, and can be changed and trample resistance, the heart rate of operator is maintained or changed with agreement.Operator can ought be parked in red Pushes pedals device when before green light, to charge the battery.Operator can be used pedal input to control vehicle when necessary Forward speed.Device with pedal can be traditional rotary pedal device, and two pedals are rotated around in a manner of generally circular whereby. In an alternative embodiment, device with pedal may include arc-shaped a pair of pedals for moving reciprocatingly or advancing.
If Fig. 6 is shown, exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10 is for example in vertical section position as when parking.Section adjusts feature 14 Extend to improve the rear portion of three-wheeled vehicle.When vehicle is in parking configuration, the height H of three-wheeled vehicle may be maximum.Work as section When adjustment feature is in the upward position as shown in Fig. 6, the distance between the length L of vehicle and its wheelbase or front wheels and rear wheels It may be minimum.When three-wheeled vehicle is in upward profile position as shown in Figure 6, rear-wheel 20 is pulled closer to front-wheel 22,23 (not shown).When in upward profile position, turning radius will be minimum.
As Fig. 7 is shown, such as when with the traveling of raised speed, exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10 is in downward profile position. Section adjustment feature 14 extends outwardly to reduce three-wheeled vehicle, and pushes rear-wheel backward and further away from front-wheel.At vehicle When the configuration of downward section, the height H of three-wheeled vehicle may be minimum.When section adjustment feature is in as shown in Figure 7 to bottom When setting, the length L of vehicle may be maximum.When three-wheeled vehicle is in downward profile position as shown in Figure 7, rear-wheel 20 is by into one Step is forced away from front-wheel 22,23 (not shown).
If Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are shown, section adjustment feature can adjust the height of vehicle rear according to the speed of vehicle, and can have There is any number of position between the complete down position shown in the position fully upward shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.The change of section Shape can be continuous by control system and be automatically adjusted or it can have some or all operator's input controls.Operator can Profile control or some inputs under conditions of personal preference or specific type can be provided, for example, loose road environment or The environment blown.It may include one or more linear actuators (be not shown but show in Figure 10 to 14) that section, which adjusts feature, and One or more pivots enable to the height of adjustment vehicle, as Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are shown.The length of actuator is adjusted to change Become the height of vehicle, and when its change, wheelbase also changes, to enhance stability.
If Figure 10 is shown, tricycle frame includes the linear actuators for being couple to rear-wheel 20.If Figure 10 is shown, vehicle frame by Upper or vertical raising.Such as the upward position when three-wheeled vehicle parking allows to easily enter vehicle.If Figure 11 is shown, three Wheel vehicle frame is in down position.
If Figure 12 is shown, three-wheeled vehicle has rear-wheel 20, and rear-wheel 20 rotates 90 degree from zero turning radius.Zero turning radius exists Between two front-wheels, when the central point whereby when the rear portion of vehicle between two front-wheels rotates, two front-wheels are in opposite direction Rotation.For another example Figure 12 is shown, and course changing control 16 includes course changing control actuator 60, and course changing control actuator 60 is to be configured in behaviour Independent drawbar on each side of author 11.Course changing control actuator is pivoted substantially about ancon, and is configured to push or pull on and Steering and/or tilling vehicle.Steering controller of any suitable type, including wheel, control stick etc. can be used.Implement at one In scheme, three-wheeled vehicle as described herein substantially can be pivoted or be rotated by 360 ° in its own size.
If Figure 13 and 14 is shown, the rear-wheel 20 of tricycle frame rotates 90 degree to zero turning radius.
Figure 15 A and Figure 15 B show the figure of zero turning radius of three-wheeled vehicle.Rear-wheel 20 is rotated 90 degree and arrives front axle 27, Or the line between two front-wheels.Two front-wheels as wheel upward arrow indicate as move in opposite direction, wherein the near front wheel 22 to Preceding movement and off-front wheel 23 moves backward.This movement makes vehicle along front axle or the curved radius point 25 of zero-turn between two front-wheels Midpoint it is mobile.When vehicle is in upward profile position, or when rear-wheel is as close to front-wheel, three-wheeled vehicle may be configured with non- Normal small turning radius or substantially in its own size.Figure 15 B shows the turning radius 27 around the curved radius point 25 of zero-turn.
Figure 16 shows exemplary embodiment, wherein being moved backward by the actuator that accelerometer circuit (not shown) controls The cable or cuff of two swing arms are connected, to make vehicle roll (inclination), so that operator will not feel substantive side To or transverse acceleration.
Figure 17 shows two front-wheels 22,23 and rear-wheel 20 that it is configured to swing arm 28.The two preceding swing arms are Drag connecting rod swing arm.The front or the swing arm at least in the front of front axle that front-wheel is coupled in wheel.Similarly, Rear-wheel is coupled to the swing arm 28 ' configured in the front of rear-wheel.Cuff can connect swing arm.
If Figure 18 is shown, operator is configured in the vehicle frame of three-wheeled vehicle.The hand of operator is placed on handle-type and turns to control On device 16 processed.
If Figure 19 is shown, three-wheeled vehicle 10 includes the intelligent electronic device 34 of the part of controllable vehicle.Smart electronics dress Set to be a part of three-wheeled vehicle or the device for being couple to vehicle, such as phone or tablet computer.For example, user can enter Its smart phone is simultaneously installed to input jack, extension or the Docking station of three-wheeled vehicle and loads corresponding application program by vehicle. This application program can receive the input from vehicle sensors, and provide the control to vehicle operating.Inertia sensing can be used Device and/or speedometer control such as section adjustment feature.When speed increases, three-wheeled vehicle can be reduced.When second speed is big When First Speed, under First Speed, the first height of three-wheeled vehicle can be higher than the second height under second speed.For example, When vehicle enters turning, inertial sensor 36 can provide signal to actuator, to improve a wheel and reduce another wheel Son, to provide suitable and safe dose inclination when turning.Figure 19 also shows that wing drop feature, the wing drop feature packet Include inertial sensor 36, control system 13 and the wheel actuator 39 for being couple to the near front wheel and off-front wheel.Inertial sensor 36 can Actuator is controlled, the actuator controls the height of front-wheel as previously mentioned.Three electric motors 18 are configured to couple to three The wheel of wheeled vehicle.Electric motor may be coupled directly to wheel, such as hub motor 80 is connected to all of vehicle as shown Three wheels.It can be used and two are used only on any appropriate number of motor, such as two front-wheels, or use one on rear-wheel It is a.Electric motor can be couple to one or more wheels by any suitable mode, including by gear and drive shaft or Belt etc..Display 35 can for a part of detachable electronic device being connect with three-wheeled vehicle or its can be three-wheeled vehicle Permanent attachment component.
If Figure 20 is shown, exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10 has configuration in the lamp and mirror assembly 101 of vehicular sideview.Lamp and mirror Sub- assembly 101 includes the lamp 100 of such as high beam, and/or may include dipped headlight, and configures the mirror 103 on rear side of assembly. Assembly can also integrate flash lamp.Roll the position that correction cable 108 adjusts lamp assembly and/or mirror according to the height of vehicle.This It is simplified motion feature, headlamp and/or mirror are physically coupled to the position element of vehicle whereby.Headlamp and/or Mirror can adjust feature locations or the height of vehicle and the inclination or inclination of vehicle come adjust automatically, to change when vehicle according to section It provides when becoming orientation and effectively forwardly and rearwardly watches.Camera can be configured on vehicle with the side view for providing vehicle and backsight Image, and be shown on intelligent apparatus.Camera can also be coupled with correction cable is rolled.Lamp, mirror, camera or including this The assembly of any component can be configured to dismantle from three-wheeled vehicle in a little components, and can be configured in left side 120, the right side of vehicle 124 and/or top on.
If Figure 21 is shown, exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10 has the battery mould for being configured to be removed and be easy to carry about with one by operator Block 90.The module shown has battery module handle 93, whereby operator be convenient to remove battery modules from vehicle and incite somebody to action It is inserted into socket, such as 110 sockets.Battery module may include integrating charger and/or BMS (battery management system).Tricycle May include any amount of battery module, including one, two, three, more than three etc..Battery module may include any conjunction The battery of suitable quantity, including one, two, three, more than three, more than five, more than ten, and any ratio therebetween, And including listed number of batteries.
Figure 21 also shows that the window assembly 76 that the other side of vehicle is extended to from the side of vehicle.Window assembly can be bent It with the profile of substantially matching vehicle, and may include one or more window portions.In exemplary embodiment, window assembly base It is made of on this transparent window, window portion continuous whereby extends to the right side of vehicle on the left of vehicle.Opening option can To be only partially transparent, and part can also be structural formula.
If Figure 22 is shown, exemplary three-wheeled vehicle shell 17 include top part, front window 72 and independent side window family 74, 74'.In the case where toppling, top part 77 can provide improved safety to passenger.Independent side window family 74,74 ' can be to appoint What is suitably sized, and can be configured to for example open by sliding or pivot openings, and/or can be dismountable.Front window Family 72 can be any suitable shape, and can also be front entrance 74.Any part of front entrance may include any suitable shape and The window portion of size, and this window portion can be dismountable or be configured to open, such as pass through sliding opening or example Such as opened by hinge.In one embodiment, before the lower part of front entrance 74 is made of structural material, and window is configured in The top of entrance.
If Figure 23 is shown, exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10 pulls another three-wheeled vehicle 10 '.The drawbar of first three-wheeled vehicle 10 130 and second three-wheeled vehicle 10 ' drawbar 130 ' couple.At least one of drawbar is configured with pivot 134, such as in two vehicles Coupling point between.Drawbar can be configured to be locked to a position, or pivot around the point that drawbar is coupled to vehicle.Power coupling Clutch 132 is coupled between two vehicles, and provides the power transmission between the first vehicle and the second vehicle.As shown, dragging Drag that vehicle 10 is towed, and wherein rear-wheel is enhanced.
If Figure 24 is shown, exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10 is pulled by automobile 140.Three-wheeled vehicle is pulled by drawbar 130, drawbar 130 are fully deployed and extend to automobile from vehicle and be couple to sucker 142.Sucker is connected to the luggage-boot lid of automobile, but can position In any suitable position, including window, rear window, the top of vehicle or side, bumper etc..Connector not necessarily one Sucker, or can be made of multiple suckers.Restraining harness is also deployed between three-wheeled vehicle and automobile.Power coupler 132 Automobile is extended to from three-wheeled vehicle, and power can be provided to three-wheeled vehicle.For example, automobile can be mixing or electric vehicle, and three Wheeled vehicle can during towing or mixed function to automobile provide electric power, whereby three-wheeled vehicle push towing vehicle and/or with drag Vehicle is draged to brake together.When three-wheeled vehicle is towed, or only when pulling vehicle deceleration, three-wheeled vehicle can produce electric power.Three-wheel Inertial sensor 36 on vehicle can sense acceleration and deceleration, and can brake or provide power to three-wheeled vehicle.In this way, Three-wheeled vehicle can provide less resistance to automobile, and save the energy.
If Figure 25 is shown, demonstration sexual deviation input separator 150 is in low speed configuration, wherein compared with according to tilt actuators Rod piece 162, steering actuator rod piece 154 more input movement according to the steering from transfer rod piece 160.Section adjustment Rod piece 158 is coupled to steering gear ratio mechanism 151, and the adjustment of steering gear ratio mechanism 151 turns to the phase relative to inclination of vehicle To amount.Under the low speed, when section adjustment feature makes vehicle be in upward profile orientation, the balance of steering passed through rear-wheel without It is that the inclination of vehicle is weighted to steering.Under relatively high speed, section adjustment feature makes vehicle be in more downward profile orientation, The balance of steering is more become the inclination turned to by it.Section adjustment feature as described herein and steering input separator 150 section adjustment rod member 158 couples.Steering gear ratio mechanism 151 shown in Figure 25 and 26 is sliding part, whereby two bars The amount of movement of part (that is, tilt actuators rod piece 162 and steering actuator rod piece 152) with steering actuator pivot 154 along turn To the movement of transmission ratio mechanism 151 or slides and change.How the axial arrow display mechanism of steering actuator pivot is according to steering The steering of device rod piece 160 inputs rotation.Vehicle is shown in along the long four-headed arrow of steering actuator rod piece 152 in Figure 25 During low-speed handing, steering is occupied an leading position, and as Figure 26 is shown, when vehicle moves at the higher speeds, steering it is leading Status reduces, such as by the short arrow instruction along steering actuator rod piece 152.Similarly, along tilt actuators bar in Figure 25 It is smaller that the short four-headed arrow instruction of part 162 tilts the contribution made to steering under the low speed, and makees at the higher speeds to steering Contribution out is larger, sees the longer arrow of Figure 26.Section adjustment rod member 158 can be the physics rod piece of steering input separator 150 (such as Figure 25 and Figure 26 are shown) or its can be by measuring speed, section adjustment feature locations, wind condition and/or such as tyre slip Pavement behavior and the sensor of any combination thereof control.For example, speedometer can be couple to control system, and actuator can Mobile steering actuator pivot turns to input balance to adjust.
If Figure 26 is shown, demonstration sexual deviation input separator 150 is in high-speed configuration, wherein compared with according to tilt actuators Rod piece 162, steering actuator rod piece 154 less input movement according to the steering from transfer rod piece 160.
If Figure 27 A is shown, demonstration sexual deviation input separator 150 is in high-speed configuration, wherein compared with according to tilt-activated Device rod piece 162, steering actuator rod piece 154 less input movement according to the steering from transfer rod piece 160.
It is in middling speed configuration as Figure 27 B shows demonstration sexual deviation input separator 150, wherein compared with when in high-speed configuration When, steering actuator rod piece 152 more inputs movement according to the steering from transfer rod piece 160；And it is in compared with working as Low speed configuration, or when vehicle respectively at a relatively high speed or it is mobile compared with low velocity when, steering actuator rod piece 152 is less according to coming The steering of low damage device rod piece 160 inputs movement.Similarly, when steering input separator 150 is in middling speed configuration, than It rises when being in high-speed configuration, tilt actuators rod piece 154 is less inputted according to the steering from transfer rod piece 160 and moved It is dynamic；And configured compared with when in low speed, when vehicle respectively at a relatively high speed or it is mobile compared with low velocity when, tilt actuators rod piece 154 more input movement according to the steering from transfer rod piece 160.
If Figure 27 A is shown, demonstration sexual deviation input separator 150 is in high-speed configuration, wherein compared with when in compared with low speed When degree configuration, steering actuator rod piece 154 less inputs movement according to the steering from transfer rod piece 160.
If Figure 27 B is shown, demonstration sexual deviation input separator 150 is in middling speed configuration, wherein compared with when in compared with low speed When degree configuration, steering actuator rod piece 154 less inputs movement according to the steering from transfer rod piece 160.
If Figure 27 C is shown, demonstration sexual deviation input separator 150 is in low speed configuration, wherein compared with when in higher speed When degree configuration, steering actuator rod piece 154 more inputs movement according to the steering from transfer rod piece 160.
If Figure 28 is shown, exemplary rack and pinion transfer has rack gear 182 and gear 184.Rack gear can be couple to Steering actuator rod piece 152, as show Figure 25 to 27C, and gear can be couple to wheel.This rack and pinion and normal Rack and pinion, which turns to, to be compared on the contrary, because the movement of rack gear is to input, and the output for rotating wheel is pinion gear.This sets It sets to allow to drive under up to 90 degree even more than 90 degree of any angle in any direction and turn to, and swing arm angle will not be made At steering.
If Figure 29 is shown, exemplary rack and pinion transfer has rack gear 182 and gear 184.
If Figure 30 is shown, exemplary rack and pinion transfer has rack gear 182 and gear 184.
Figure 31 shows the alternative solution of rack and pinion, wherein above-mentioned shell and position are roughly the same.In this embodiment party In case, rack bar is replaced by simple bar (not shown), the simple bar moved along the short dash line of attached drawing lower right and It is pivotably connected to connecting rod 190.Connecting rod 190 is connected to the great circle for representing the memotron of swing arm.When bar moves back and forth, pendulum The steering tube of swing arm rotates, to make Vehicular turn.This embodiment is more powerful and cost is relatively low, and shares when swing arm The benefit of steering is not will cause when angulation change.It, which also has, provides the variable and advantageous advantage for turning to input sensitivity, makes It is proper close to right-angle steering when, biggish movement will cause lesser steering.When larger movement is required (such as in low speed Under) when, in larger steering angle, mechanism provides biggish movement.
Figure 32 shows the electrical form as described above for turning to input separator.The ratio shown is that side is compared in the adjustment turned to The actuator rod piece that inclines is mobile.It can such as find out from this example, in each direction, compared with when close to 90 degree, straight direction is all It encloses and the input more than 3 times is needed to turn to movement.It is symmetrical substantially about straight direction that data also show operation.That is, mechanism turn left and to Identical feature is provided when right-hand rotation.
Figure 33 is shown as turning to the figure of the steering response of input function.Figure also shows operation substantially about straight direction pair Claim.The identical feature that is, mechanism is turned left and provided when turning right.
Figure 34 shows exemplary center differential configuration.
Figure 35 shows exemplary center differential configuration.
Variable cross-sections vehicle another problem is that if do not control and drag away from relationship, rear-wheel drags away from will be Unfavorable, it may be unusable.Figure 36 and Figure 37 A-37C shows the passive solution of multi link, to pass through pole low-speed control (step Scanning frequency degree), by lower road speeds, by high speed maintain to drag away from being conducive to stop.This special setting is mentioned in parking For close to zero, 75-100 mm and when maximum speed, are up to when about 35mm, middle-grade speed when draging away from, extremely slow walking speed 133mm.Actuator is about 7.5 inches mobile.Another problem is that maintaining advantageous damper geometry.Particularly, vibration movement The mobile ratio with wheel.In one embodiment, the mobile ratio of higher vibration may be selected at the higher speeds to obtain Larger " rigidity ", and may be selected at lower speeds compared with low rate and " softer " response.
As used herein protective shell is the material for preventing wind and rain from passing through, and may include any suitable material or material The combination of material, including but not limited to, polymer sheet, glass, metal, fabric, composite material etc..Protective shell may include hyalomere Point or window, operator or passenger can look out whereby.Window can be configured to open.
Definition
Term " vehicle " can be used interchangeably throughout the specification with three-wheeled vehicle.
Phrase " by ... the wheel that forms is arranged " herein to describe the wheel on contact road surface or driving surface, without Including that can be stored or the spare wheel of a part as vehicle.
" section adjustment device " is defined as example moving rear-wheel by actuator or rotating arm as used herein To increase or decrease the device of vehicle.Section, which adjusts device, to adjust device for automatic section, and section adjusts device quilt whereby Configuration is and first high whereby to provide the first height of car under First Speed and provide under second speed the second height of car Degree is higher than the second height and First Speed is lower than the second speed.
Other embodiments:
A kind of three-wheeled vehicle of the side connection of pedal not from the centre of vehicle but from vehicle.A kind of folding of pedal is removed In order to the three-wheeled vehicle of disengaging.A kind of motor is controlled to for positioning so that the vehicle motor three-wheel synchronous with steering direction Vehicle.It is a kind of to be diverted through motor position and torque reaches and rear-wheel serves as the three-wheeled vehicle of free castor.A kind of main body is knot Configuration and the three-wheeled vehicle for serving as outside vehicle.A kind of three-wheeled vehicle that reinforcement is moulded with body shape.One kind is by moulding Before material filling mold by preform part (for example, pipe) be put into mold by hollow area and be for example used for air-flow, be routed and The pipeline of cable is molded into the three-wheeled vehicle in main body.This may include the insulating sleeve outside the conducting wire in pipe.A kind of pressure Mould and/or pipe and/or casting are used as the three-wheeled vehicle of reinforcement.It is a kind of to enter the three-wheeled vehicle of seat without lifting an eyebrow from door. Three-wheeled vehicle of the transverse magnetic flux motor/generator as hub motor a kind of in three wheels.
A kind of three-wheeled vehicle carrying out tilting vehicle using motor torque difference.For example, electric motor can be couple to two front-wheels Each of, such as hub motor, and these motors may at different rates driving wheel to cause on three-wheeled vehicle Torque simultaneously makes its inclination.This torque difference can be controlled by the control system of three-wheeled vehicle, and tilt quantity can be according to car speed Or transverse acceleration variation.Accelerometer device (for example, accelerometer, gyroscope or be integrated into Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)) It can be configured to measure transverse acceleration, or perpendicular to Vehicle length or the acceleration of the direction of motion, and can provide and be input to control System processed.The controllable motor for being couple to two front-wheels of this control system causes inclined torque difference to generate, and to drop The transverse acceleration that low and/or elimination vehicle operators are perceived.For example, three-wheeled vehicle can advance around curve, and can when low speed A small amount of transverse acceleration is measured, to introduce first a small amount of inclination.However, when three-wheeled vehicle with much higher rate around When same curve is advanced, accelerometer measures to much higher transverse acceleration, vehicle than tilting much more under the low speed.? Under both of these case, the transverse acceleration of operator's perception reduces the controlled inclination of vehicle of the function as transverse acceleration.
It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that can without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, to this Invention is carry out various modifications, combines and is deformed.Specific embodiment, feature and element as described herein may be with any suitable Mode is modified and/or is combined.Therefore, it is intended that the present invention and covers modification of the invention, combination and deformation, as long as these are repaired Change, combine and deforms they are in the range of appended claims and its equivalent.

Claims (20)

1. a kind of three-wheeled vehicle comprising:
A. wheel setting comprising:
I. two front-wheels are configured as being substantially parallel to each other；
Ii. a rear-wheel is configured to turn to the vehicle；
B. section adjusts device, is couple to the rear-wheel；
C. protective shell is at least configured on the front of the vehicle；
D. the wheelbase distance between described two front-wheels and one rear-wheel；
Wherein section adjustment device be configured to First Speed provide the first height of car and first axle away from distance and Second speed provides the second height of car and the second wheelbase distance, and wherein first height of car is higher than second vehicle Height, the first axle is less than the second wheelbase distance away from distance, and the First Speed is lower than the second speed；
The section adjustment device described whereby activates one rear-wheel toward and away from described two front-wheels, and changes whereby The wheelbase distance；With
E. rear-wheel is draged away from adjustment feature,
It is described to drag away from lower than under the fair speed of the three-wheeled vehicle wherein in low speed.
2. three-wheeled vehicle as described in claim 1, wherein section adjustment device is to include that the rear-wheel is draged away from adjustment spy The automatic section of sign adjusts device；And
Section adjustment device is configured to provide the first height of car in First Speed and provides the in second speed whereby Two height of cars, and the first height of car described whereby is higher than second height of car and the First Speed lower than described the Two speed.
3. three-wheeled vehicle as described in claim 1 further includes the front of the vehicle, and increase when the vehicle roll The device of the front of the vehicle.
4. three-wheeled vehicle as described in claim 1, wherein the protective shell is configured as substantially in the entire three-wheeled vehicle On, and extend on described two front-wheels.
5. three-wheeled vehicle as described in claim 1 further includes the door being configured in the front of the three-wheeled vehicle, whereby The door is configured to enter the front of the three-wheeled vehicle for occupant, and wherein the door includes translucent window part.
6. three-wheeled vehicle as described in claim 1, wherein turning to the turning rate of input with the tricycle according to cyclist Speed increase and reduce.
7. three-wheeled vehicle as described in claim 1 further includes at least one electric motor, wherein at least one electric motor It is configured at least one wheel.
8. three-wheeled vehicle as claimed in claim 7, further includes at least one battery, wherein at least one battery is configured as Can be removed from the three-wheeled vehicle, can be by being coupled to handle thereon with hand-held band and to be configured as through conventional electricity The charging of source plug；And
The three-wheel wheel further includes manpower input feature vector, and wherein at least one battery is filled by the manpower input feature vector Electricity.
It further include being couple to the drawbar at the rear portion of the three-wheeled vehicle, and wherein 9. three-wheeled vehicle as described in claim 1 The three-wheeled vehicle is configured to be pulled when the rear-wheel is increased by the drawbar.
10. three-wheeled vehicle as described in claim 1 further includes manpower input feature vector.
11. three-wheeled vehicle as claimed in claim 10, wherein the manpower input feature vector is reciprocating pedal device.
12. three-wheeled vehicle as described in claim 1 further includes wing drop feature, the front-wheel described whereby is adjusted height, To generate the inclination of three-wheeled vehicle, to reduce the side acceleration that occupant feels.
13. three-wheeled vehicle as described in claim 1, wherein the vehicle has zero turning radius, wherein the rear-wheel can From described two front-drives to 90 degree, and described two front-wheels can rotate in mutually opposite directions.
14. three-wheeled vehicle as described in claim 1 further includes at least one rearview mirror.
15. three-wheeled vehicle as claimed in claim 14 further includes rearview mirror adjustment feature, wherein the rearview mirror is with institute State section adjustment device adjust automatically.
16. three-wheeled vehicle as claimed in claim 15, wherein headlamp and rearview mirror are integrated into assembly.
17. three-wheeled vehicle as described in claim 1, wherein the protective shell provides substantial structure support for the vehicle.
18. a kind of three-wheeled vehicle comprising:
A. wheel setting comprising:
I. two front-wheels are configured as being substantially parallel to each other；
Ii. a rear-wheel is configured to turn to the vehicle；
B. altitude profile adjusts device, is couple to the rear-wheel；
C. the wheelbase distance between described two front-wheels and one rear-wheel；
Wherein the altitude profile adjustment device is configured to provide the first height of car and first axle away from distance in First Speed And the second height of car and the second wheelbase distance are provided in second speed, and wherein first height of car is higher than described the Two height of cars, the first axle is less than the second wheelbase distance away from distance, and the First Speed is lower than second speed Degree；
The altitude profile adjustment device described whereby activates one rear-wheel toward and away from described two front-wheels, and whereby Change the wheelbase distance；
D. protective shell is arranged approximately in above entire tricycle, and extends on described two front-wheels；With
E. rear-wheel is draged away from adjustment feature, wherein in low speed, it is described to drag away from lower than under the fair speed of the three-wheeled vehicle.
19. a kind of three-wheeled vehicle comprising:
A. wheel setting comprising:
I. two front-wheels are configured as being substantially parallel to each other；
Ii. a rear-wheel is configured to turn to the vehicle；
B. section adjusts device, is couple to the rear-wheel；
C. manpower input feature vector comprising pedal；
D. protective shell is configured on the substantially described entire three-wheeled vehicle and extends on described two front-wheels；
E. the vehicle wheel base length between described two front-wheels and one rear-wheel；
Wherein section adjustment device be configured to First Speed provide the first height of car and first axle away from distance and Second speed provides the second height of car and the second wheelbase distance, and wherein first height of car is higher than second vehicle Height, the first axle is less than the second wheelbase distance away from distance, and the First Speed is lower than the second speed；By This described section adjustment device activates one rear-wheel toward and away from described two front-wheels, and changes the axis whereby Away from distance；With
F. rear-wheel is draged away from adjustment feature, wherein in low speed, it is described to drag away from lower than under the fair speed of the three-wheeled vehicle.
20. three-wheeled vehicle as claimed in claim 19, wherein the manpower input feature vector and generator couple.
CN201480023027.0A 2013-03-15 2014-03-17 Three-wheeled vehicle Active CN105143027B (en)

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CN110217332A (en) 2019-09-10
EP2969719A1 (en) 2016-01-20
WO2014145878A1 (en) 2014-09-18

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