CN105140144A - 一种介质加压热退火混合键合方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种介质加压热退火混合键合方法。在常温常压下完成混合键合之后,进行特殊的介质加压热退火:在热退火环境中,使用良热导率的介质向键合后的晶圆施加压力,在完成热退火的同时,用压力抵消晶圆界面上的热膨胀所产生的内部压力,从而削弱晶圆表面不同介质热膨胀系数差异的影响。本发明可以削弱混合键合界面上金属和绝缘物质之间热膨胀系数的差异的影响,从而提高键合的成功率,同时提高混合键合技术在设计上的限制,例如:不需要考虑不同热膨胀系数材料在界面上的面积比。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体制造领域,具体涉及一种介质加压热退火混合键合方法。
背景技术
在超大规模集成电路发展日益接近物理极限的情况下,于物理尺寸和成本方面都具有优势的三维集成电路是延长摩尔定律并解决先进封装问题的有效途径。而晶圆键合技术正是三维电路集成的关键技术之一,尤其是混合键合技术可以在两片晶圆键合的同时实现数千个芯片的内部互联,可以极大改善芯片性能并节约成本。混合键合技术是指晶圆键合界面上同时存在金属和绝缘物质的键合方式。
混合键合在界面上同时存在金属和绝缘物质,在键合技术中,要通过高温退火才能让金属与金属,绝缘物质与绝缘物质之间形成稳定的键合。表1:半导体行业常见物质的热膨胀系数表,如表1所示金属和绝缘物质之间的热膨胀系数存在很大的差异。由于金属和绝缘物质之间热膨胀系数的差异,在进行高温退火后的晶圆上的金属部分比绝缘物质部分要膨胀的高,从而导致混合键合失败。图1至图3为混合键合在高温热退火中由于金属和绝缘物质热膨胀系数差异而导致键合失败的实施例剖面示意图;如图1至图3所示,晶圆1的键合界面上同时存在金属3和绝缘物质2;在高温情况下,金属3部分比绝缘物质2部分要膨胀的高,从而导致高温退火后晶圆混合键合失败。
表1:半导体行业常见物质的热膨胀系数表
类别 | 物质名称 | 热膨胀系数(百万分之一/每度) |
绝缘物质 | 二氧化硅 | 0.55 |
绝缘物质 | 氮化硅 | 3.2 |
金属 | 铜 | 16.7 |
金属 | 金 | 14.2 |
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种混合键合技术以解决混合键合技术中由于热膨胀系数的差异而在热退火过程中键合失败的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种介质加压热退火混合键合方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,提供两个待混合键合的晶圆;
步骤2,在晶圆表面沉积介质层,并进行图形化处理,获得图形化结构;
步骤3,利用金属沉积方法沉积金属填充所述图形化结构;
步骤4,采用化学机械研磨方法对晶圆表面进行平坦化处理,使晶圆表面金属和介质层表面在一个平面上;
步骤5,使采用以上方法制作的两晶圆相对放置,使两晶圆表面金属和介质层对准,并在常温常压环境下完成预键合,得到预键合晶圆;
步骤6,将预键合晶圆置于导热介质中进行热退火,利用通过导热介质向键合晶圆施加压力的条件抵消热退火中晶圆键合界面的热膨胀力,使两晶圆稳定的键合。
优选的,所述将键合晶圆置于导热介质中进行热退火,利用通过导热介质向键合晶圆施加压力的条件抵消热退火中晶圆键合界面的热膨胀力,实现两晶圆稳定的键合的步骤中,导热介质的材质为金属铁、铝、铜、钛、银、钨及其合金、化合物,非金属碳及其化合物,施加压力为10~100KN。
优选的,所述使两晶圆表面金属和介质层对准,并在常温常压环境下完成预键合,得到预键合晶圆的步骤中,常温常压环境的温度范围在0~40℃,压强范围在0.9~1.3*10^5Pa。
优选的,所述将键合晶圆置于导热介质中进行热退火,利用通过导热介质向键合晶圆施加压力的条件抵消热退火中晶圆键合界面的热膨胀力,实现两晶圆稳定的键合的步骤中,热退火的工艺参数为:退火温度范围在200~450℃,退火时间大于0.15小时。
本发明的有益效果是:可以削弱混合键合界面上金属和绝缘物质之间热膨胀系数的差异的影响,从而提高键合的成功率,同时提高混合键合技术在设计上的限制(不需要考虑不同热膨胀系数材料在界面上的面积比)。
附图说明
图1至图3为混合键合在高温热退火中由于金属和绝缘物质热膨胀系数差异而导致键合失败的实施例剖面示意图;
图4~图8为本发明提供的一个实施例对应的工艺流程剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
本发明一种介质加压混合键合方法,在常温常压下完成混合键合之后,进行特殊的介质加压热退火:在热退火环境中,使用良热导率的介质向键合后的晶圆施加压力,在完成热退火的同时,用压力抵消晶圆界面上的热膨胀所产生的内部压力;从而削弱晶圆表面不同介质热膨胀系数差异的影响。
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步说明。
图4~图8为本发明提供的一个实施例对应的工艺流程剖面示意图,为更好说明本发明,下面分步骤进行详细介绍。
(1)步骤1:如图4和图5所示,在待键合的晶圆101表面沉积介质层201,并进行图形化处理,获得图形化结构;在本实施例中介质层201的材质为氧化硅,沉淀方式CVD方式,图形化处理采用反应离子刻蚀的方式;
(2)步骤2:如图6所示,在步骤1完成的晶圆101表面实施金属沉积方法沉积金属填充所述图形化结构;
(3)步骤3:如图7所示,采用化学机械研磨方式处理晶圆101表面,使金属301与介质层201表面在平坦化处理后在一个平面上;
(4)步骤4:采用上述方法制作晶圆102,使晶圆102具有和晶圆101相似的结构,晶圆102包括:晶圆102表面的介质层202和金属302;将晶圆101和晶圆102相对,使两晶圆表面金属材料301、302和介质层201、202对准,并在常温常压环境下完成预键合,得到预键合晶圆;具体地,常温常压环境的操作条件为:温度范围在0~40℃,压强范围在0.9~1.3*10^5Pa。优选的实施例中,选择预键合温度为20℃,压强为1.0*10^5Pa,或者预键合温度为30℃,压强为1.2*10^5Pa。在实施预键合工艺之前,对待键合晶圆进行表面处理,如超声清洗,等离子清洗等,去除表面颗粒和氧化层,保证键合界面性能。
(5)步骤5:如图8所示,再将键合晶圆置于导热介质4中进行热退火;利用通过导热介质4向键合晶圆施加压力的条件抵消热退火中晶圆键合界面的热膨胀力,实现两晶圆稳定的键合。具体地,所述导热介质4的材质为金属铁、铝、铜、钛、银、钨及其合金、化合物,非金属碳及其化合物,根据选择材料的不同,所施加压力为10~100KN;所述热退火的工艺参数为:退火温度范围在200~450℃,退火时间大于0.15小时。例如铝合金导热介质压力设为10KN,退火温度设为300摄氏度,退火时间为45分钟;如果采用石英作为导热介质,压力可设置为50KN~100KN,退火温度为350摄氏度,退火时间为60min。
本发明所述方法可以削弱金属和绝缘物质之间热膨胀系数的差异的影响,从而提高键合的成功率,同时提高混合键合技术在设计上的限制,例如:不需要考虑不同热膨胀系数材料在界面上的面积比。
以上所述实施步骤和方法仅仅表达了本发明的一种实施方式,描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。在不脱离本发明专利构思的前提下,所作的变形和改进应当都属于本发明专利的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种介质加压热退火混合键合方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,提供两个待混合键合的晶圆;
步骤2,在晶圆表面沉积介质层,并进行图形化处理,获得图形化结构;
步骤3,利用金属沉积方法沉积金属填充所述图形化结构;
步骤4,采用化学机械研磨方法对晶圆表面进行平坦化处理,使晶圆表面金属和介质层表面在一个平面上;
步骤5,使采用以上方法制作的两晶圆相对放置,使两晶圆表面金属和介质层对准,并在常温常压环境下完成预键合,得到预键合晶圆;
步骤6,将预键合晶圆置于导热介质中进行热退火,利用通过导热介质向键合晶圆施加压力的条件抵消热退火中晶圆键合界面的热膨胀力,使两晶圆稳定的键合。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种介质加压热退火混合键合方法,其特征在于,所述步骤6中,导热介质的材质为金属铁、铝、铜、钛、银、钨及其合金、化合物,非金属碳及其化合物,施加压力为10~100KN。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述一种介质加压热退火混合键合方法,其特征在于,所述步骤5中,常温常压环境的温度范围在0~40℃,压强范围在0.9~1.3*10^5Pa。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述一种介质加压热退火混合键合方法,其特征在于,所述步骤6中,热退火的工艺参数为:退火温度范围在200~450℃,退火时间大于0.15小时。
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US11011494B2 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2021-05-18 | Invensas Bonding Technologies, Inc. | Layer structures for making direct metal-to-metal bonds at low temperatures in microelectronics |
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CN114293263A (zh) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 广东省科学院半导体研究所 | 防止高温热退火下表面分解和杂质并入的保护装置及方法 |
US11393779B2 (en) | 2018-06-13 | 2022-07-19 | Invensas Bonding Technologies, Inc. | Large metal pads over TSV |
US11728313B2 (en) | 2018-06-13 | 2023-08-15 | Adeia Semiconductor Bonding Technologies Inc. | Offset pads over TSV |
US11804377B2 (en) | 2018-04-05 | 2023-10-31 | Adeia Semiconductor Bonding Technologies, Inc. | Method for preparing a surface for direct-bonding |
US11929347B2 (en) | 2020-10-20 | 2024-03-12 | Adeia Semiconductor Technologies Llc | Mixed exposure for large die |
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CN107154450A (zh) * | 2016-03-02 | 2017-09-12 | 映瑞光电科技(上海)有限公司 | 一种用于垂直结构led芯片的多层键合方法 |
CN106571334B (zh) * | 2016-10-26 | 2020-11-10 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | 一种硅片间的混合键合方法 |
CN106571334A (zh) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-04-19 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | 一种硅片间的混合键合方法 |
US11552041B2 (en) | 2017-09-24 | 2023-01-10 | Adeia Semiconductor Bonding Technologies Inc. | Chemical mechanical polishing for hybrid bonding |
US10840205B2 (en) | 2017-09-24 | 2020-11-17 | Invensas Bonding Technologies, Inc. | Chemical mechanical polishing for hybrid bonding |
US11804377B2 (en) | 2018-04-05 | 2023-10-31 | Adeia Semiconductor Bonding Technologies, Inc. | Method for preparing a surface for direct-bonding |
US11955445B2 (en) | 2018-06-13 | 2024-04-09 | Adeia Semiconductor Bonding Technologies Inc. | Metal pads over TSV |
US11749645B2 (en) | 2018-06-13 | 2023-09-05 | Adeia Semiconductor Bonding Technologies Inc. | TSV as pad |
US11728313B2 (en) | 2018-06-13 | 2023-08-15 | Adeia Semiconductor Bonding Technologies Inc. | Offset pads over TSV |
US11393779B2 (en) | 2018-06-13 | 2022-07-19 | Invensas Bonding Technologies, Inc. | Large metal pads over TSV |
US11011494B2 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2021-05-18 | Invensas Bonding Technologies, Inc. | Layer structures for making direct metal-to-metal bonds at low temperatures in microelectronics |
CN112956011B (zh) * | 2018-08-31 | 2022-07-26 | 伊文萨思粘合技术公司 | 微电子学中在低温下进行直接金属间键合的层结构 |
CN112956011A (zh) * | 2018-08-31 | 2021-06-11 | 伊文萨思粘合技术公司 | 微电子学中在低温下进行直接金属间键合的层结构 |
US11158573B2 (en) | 2018-10-22 | 2021-10-26 | Invensas Bonding Technologies, Inc. | Interconnect structures |
US11756880B2 (en) | 2018-10-22 | 2023-09-12 | Adeia Semiconductor Bonding Technologies Inc. | Interconnect structures |
US11929347B2 (en) | 2020-10-20 | 2024-03-12 | Adeia Semiconductor Technologies Llc | Mixed exposure for large die |
CN113054517A (zh) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-29 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | 激光碟片晶体的键合方法 |
CN114293263A (zh) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 广东省科学院半导体研究所 | 防止高温热退火下表面分解和杂质并入的保护装置及方法 |
US12125784B2 (en) | 2023-08-17 | 2024-10-22 | Adeia Semiconductor Bonding Technologies Inc. | Interconnect structures |
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