CN1051360C - Hydraulic force moment changing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

A hydrodynamic torque converter having a housing (2) containing the pump wheel (7), turbine wheel (10), guide disc (12) and bridging clutch (15) with a ring piston (17), comprises a chamber (18, 20) which can be filled with oil and is formed either side of the ring piston. The ring piston supports at least one friction face (22) which can be brought into friction engagement with a counter friction face (21). The first (18) of the chambers is formed radially inside the friction faces between the ring piston and a component part (4) supporting the counter friction surface. Channels (25) are provided in the radial area of the friction faces in at least one of the components forming or supporting the friction faces. These channels even with axial contact between the friction faces allow a cooling oil flow from chamber (20) through the channels radially inwards in the direction of the rotary axis of the torque converter. The oil flow after leaving the channels is directed radially inwards within at least one guide channel (18a) and the component parts (17), (24) defining the guide channel are supported axially relative to each other in relation to the axial forces acting as a result of the oil pressure so that a closed circuit force flow is provided between these component parts, i.e. the metal plate (24) carrying the face (22) is axially supported on the piston (17).

Description

Fluid torque converter

The present invention relates to a kind ofly in a shell, be provided with pump impeller, turbine, guide wheel and have the fluid torque converter of the bridging clutch of annular piston, wherein the both sides of annular piston respectively constitute a chamber that can be marked with oil, this annular piston supports a rubbing surface at least, it can form rubbing contact with a relative rubbing surface, wherein in the inner radial of rubbing surface and at annular piston and be equipped with between the parts of relative rubbing surface and constitute first Room, this external at least one be equipped with and constitute in the parts of rubbing surface and be provided with conduit or hole or outlet so that produce an oil stream that radially inwardly flows towards the rotating shaft of torque-converters via these grooves or hole or outlet from second Room.

By EP0078651 known a kind of torque-converters that has bridging clutch, wherein on the side of carrying friction pad or rubbing surface of annular piston, be provided with conduit, this conduit by the hole on the one hand with shell radial wall and annular piston axially between first Room of formation be connected, be connected with second Room that is provided with turbine and pump impeller on the other hand.An oil that has formed from second Room to first Room through this conduit flows, and it is used for cooling off the viscous clutch that is located at torque chain between annular piston and the turbine hub.

By US-PS4,969,453 also disclose a kind of fluid torque converter with bridging clutch, wherein annular piston its rubbing surface or with the coefficient friction pad of this face in be provided with conduit, it can make an oil stream flow into first Room that is limited by annular piston and shell radial wall from second Room that comprises turbine at least under the bridging clutch jointing state.This oil stream is used in the case reducing because the slippage of bridging clutch and in parts, the heat load that especially occurs in the zone of friction pad or rubbing surface.

Another kind has the bridging clutch that is used for fluid torque converter that conduit is set in rubbing surface or friction pad be known by JP-OS58-30532.

The also known method of operation with torque-converters bridging clutch of slippage work, the design of power train wherein and/or be associated with the speed change level that drops into and/or with the working state of the coefficient transmission device of torque-converters, this slippage can be to take place as (continuing slippage) on the whole working zone at torque-converters when the shift process or in fact in short-term.When slippage during the stage, in the region generating of friction pad or rubbing surface the loss power of hot form, this loss power may be very big when certain working state and has some kilowatts.When this working state for example appears at the hill path up-hill journey that has trailer, will produce very big loss power at this state through after the long period, and from the non-cross-over connection state exchange of converter clutch during to the cross-over connection state, because temporary transient high slippage may produce very large loss power or heat in the short time lag.

Illustrate that as prior art the measure that forms the oil stream that the heat load to torque-converters reduces is known.

But owing to making, the dynamic or dynamic (dynamical) process that occurs in oil stream reduced by the transferable moment of bridging clutch by the oil stream that these known measures produce.In the case, the torque-transfer capability of bridging clutch will be descended.Under the situation of the torque-converters that should form complete cross-over connection from a definite rotating speed, it is quite high that the pressure of system must be designed to be thus so that some parts especially piston must be reinforced and need a kind of high efficiency pump.In addition, because higher pressure makes the oily flow that by volume calculates increase again, added losses have been formed thus.The decline of described in addition torque-converters bridging clutch torque transfer capability be because that in dynamic process, produce and act on radially on the oil body that inwardly flows so that in the oil power of increased pressure cause.This power produces an axial component, and it acts on the piston on the direction that clutch is opened.

So far another shortcoming of known measure is: the pressure difference that this oil stream depends on the temperature of oil and viscosity and forms in torque-converters piston both sides very much.According to US-PS4,969, in 543 the solution, promptly must under critical condition, design the fluid resistance that produces by groove, only can make a certain amount of oil stream discharge these grooves even Here it is when the oil temperature of maximum possible, this oil mass can not make the system pressure in the torque-converters be impaired on the unallowed low water-mark.Similarly, according to US-PS4, the oil stream of crossing by concentrated flow during 969,543 technology solves also directly depends on two pressure differences between the chamber.This pressure difference is to be used for the regulated quantity of clutch torque and therefore can not to be used to regulate needed volume flowrate.In order to make the loss in the torque-converters be limited in just must being limited in the oil volume flow that occurs when maximum pressure differential is largest clutch moment on the value that does not have to dispute on.Thus, though cold oil stream may be decided enough greatly to largest clutch moment, the occasion of the volume flowrate that occurs during for many applications that is for medium and low torque is owing to low pressure difference but too little.

US4986397 has described a kind of fluid torque converter, and the oil flow channel of this torque-converters is arranged between two parts that have rubbing surface, and therefore, oil stream produces active force between above-mentioned two parts, influenced the combination between these two parts.

Therefore, the objective of the invention is to: above-mentioned bridging clutch is improved, avoid above-mentioned oil stream in movement process, two clutch parts in the clutch to be produced clutch action simultaneously.

In a shell, be provided with pump impeller, turbine, guide wheel and have the fluid torque converter of the bridging clutch of annular piston, wherein the both sides of annular piston respectively constitute a chamber that can be marked with oil, this annular piston supports a rubbing surface at least, its rubbing surface relative with one can form rubbing contact, wherein in the inner radial of rubbing surface and at annular piston and be equipped with between the parts of relative rubbing surface and constitute first Room, be provided with conduit in the radial zone of rubbing surface and being equipped with at least or constituting among of parts of rubbing surface, it also can make an oil stream radially inwardly flow to the rotating shaft of torque-converters via these conduits from second Room when rubbing surface axially contacts; Its improvement is: this oil stream water conservancy diversion radially inwardly in a guide channel at least after leaving conduit, and described pilot flow has two relative wall spares, and the parts that have described rubbing surface constitute maximum wall spares of described guide channel.

Task of the present invention is: the known fluid torque converter that has bridging clutch is so far made improvements, particularly by improving torque transfer capability and reduce heat load, and especially reduce the heat load in the bridging clutch rubbing surface zone, make improvements.Also should reduce the heat load of oil in addition.Another target of the present invention is on the whole working zone of torque-converters the cold oil stream by converter clutch to be made optimization, and in the rubbing surface zone of bridging clutch improvement is made in the heat exchange between the oily and adjacent parts.The slippage that also should make the transferable torque of bridging clutch by measure according to the present invention in addition and occur in bridging clutch can be conditioned or control better, so that can make in transmission system or the nonuniformity of torque ripple that occurs or momentum is cushioned better by slippage, will improve comfort level thus in internal-combustion engine.Also should be able to be according to fluid torque converter of the present invention with simple and economic especially mode manufacturing.

To realize this task like this according to a solution of the present invention, the oil that promptly ought radially inwardly guide stream after leaving conduit at least one guide channel by water conservancy diversion radially inwardly, and make the wall portion or the member that limit this guide channel relative at least, promptly form a power transfer chain that seals itself because oil pressure acts on axial force axially mounting or the connection so toward each other above them.Can accomplish that by measure according to the present invention the dynamic force that acts on the oil owing to radially oily stream at least substantially reaches at least in the axial direction and can be stopped when torque-converters rotates.Can be implemented in thus and in fact do not act on the axial force component that produces because of the dynamic force that occurs on the piston, this axial force component otherwise can cause the transferable moment of bridging clutch to descend.Also promptly by configuration of the present invention, make to produce that oil pressure increases and can have been offseted at least in part to the clutch power dynamic force that exert an influence, that act on oil that acts on the piston.

Not only be interpreted as the passage that radially extends of cross section sealing itself but also can be the chamber that ring extends radially inwardly for guide channel.The chamber of this ring also can be separated into a plurality of passages that radially extend, and wherein these passages can have a cross section that seals itself.Also can use a tubular part to be used as guide channel, it is connected with at least one conduit outlet side in being located at the rubbing surface radial zone.Also the oil of promptly discharging from least one such conduit can be through a radially inside water conservancy diversion of pipe quilt, and wherein the current drainage side of this pipe can be led to first Room again or also can be led in the special backflow guiding device.A kind of like this reflux guiding device for example can by be located in the driven wheel hub of turbine and the gearbox input shaft longitudinally passage constitute.This according to the present invention when the bridging clutch of torque-converters engages radially inwardly the conduit of conduction oil can be located in first Room or in second Room.

When guide channel by a member that is provided with rubbing surface for example when shell or annular piston supporting, be particularly advantageous for the structure of torque-converters.What meet the requirements in addition is that the conduit that is passed in the guide channel can make an oil stream flow into first Room from second Room.For this reason, in parts adjacent with rubbing surface or that constitute rubbing surface, corresponding hole or drainage port are set.These holes or drainage port can constitute in the case in this wise, and promptly it is the effect throttling form or that play similar nozzle.In order to guarantee to hold cutting best owing to dynamic process increased pressure of appearance in oil stream, particularly advantageous is wall spare axially relative fixed, the i.e. connection in fact rigidly at least each other each other that limits guide channel.In order to constitute guide channel or guide chamber, available simple mode is provided with the radially Oil Guide wall with its axial restraint on the parts that constitute a chamber, the radial zone of this Oil Guide wall and these parts defines a formation guide channel that radially extends or the space of guide chamber at least.Oil flows quilt water conservancy diversion radially inwardly in this passage or this chamber.These available in the case favourable modes of wall that limit guide channel are connected with parts that are equipped with rubbing surface rigidly.

By a radial wall of annular piston and shell axially between arrange that first Room can obtain a simple especially structure.The practice that meets the requirements in this case be with annular piston be located at the radial wall of shell and turbine axially between.Favourable in addition situation is that guide channel or the Oil Guide wall that limits this passage are by piston support.

The training wall that limits guide channel or guide chamber can be located at favourable mode in first Room, and wherein this wall can constitute and arrange like this, and promptly this first Room is separated into two locellus.Yet for some application, when the Oil Guide wall is arranged on the side of carrying first Room of annular piston, also meet the requirements, also be about to it and be arranged on a side of the annular piston of turbine.

In second Room, can hold turbine, pump impeller at least and under a stable condition, also comprise guide wheel.

A kind of particularly advantageous structure can obtain by on parts that are equipped with rubbing surface a friction pad being set at least.This friction pad can support by piston or by a wall district of radially extending of shell.This friction pad is fixed in can be by for example bonding the realization on the corresponding member.What meet the requirements when using friction pad is that some conduits are directly limited by friction pad at least in part.For this reason, these conduits can be located in the friction pad.These conduits at least can be partly be made of the coined area at least one friction pad or otch or groove.By such configuration, can between this two Room, produce the oil stream that continues, this oil stream is via the friction pad water conservancy diversion.No matter formed good especially heat exchange thus between rubbing surface and oil body, therefore always it seems, be that parts or the oil body that constitutes rubbing surface all produces low or lower heat load.

What conform with purpose especially is: the inlet of set conduit is positioned at the outside of its outlet diametrically in the rubbing surface radial zone, and these conduits lead in a guide channel or the guide chamber.This guide channel or guide chamber at least extend through first Room radially extend 50% of size.This radially stretches longer, and then the reaction force that acts on the bridging clutch piston that produces owing to the dynamic process that acts on oil body is just little.

For oil is supplied in the conduit, the favourable practice is: the corresponding inlet side of conduit is connected with axial introduction hole in being located at annular piston and/or Oil Guide wall.The outlet side of conduit can be connected with the axial tap hole in being located at annular piston and/or Oil Guide wall, and this hole itself is passed in the guide channel.In passing through friction pad and/or under the conduit situation of groove in the rubbing surface zone of parts or otch formation, the corresponding outlet side of conduit also can constitute in this wise, and promptly this outlet side can directly be communicated in the guide channel.

In order to reach especially effectively heat exchange, the conduit that is provided with in the rubbing surface radial zone can constitute flexuose or undulatory.Can accomplish thus in the rubbing surface zone oil is had long as far as possible guiding length.The length of conduit and cross section thereof must be determined according to required oil volume flow in the case.For this reason, the practice that meets the requirements is to do the groove or the otch that constitute these conduits quite dark, and this degree of depth is extended on the actual whole thickness of friction pad.Particularly advantageous to this is that these conduits are to be made of the microscler punching out groove in pad.The corresponding inlet side of these conduits can be located in the radially outward edge zone of friction pad and its corresponding outlet side can be located in the radially inward edge zone of friction pad in an advantageous manner.For the heat exchange between rubbing surface and the oil, what meet the requirements is that formation flexuose or undulatory conduit extend on the circumferencial direction of friction pad in addition, so that on the radial width of friction pad, oil repeatedly radially leads to and fro.These conduits at least respectively are provided with two turnovers for this reason, and it is suitable to be indicated as when wherein conduit has at least four turnovers.

Can be particularly advantageous when use is equipped with the bridging clutch of conical friction face, at this moment friction pad be made into and has the taper developed surface, wherein closes up by two ora terminalis with the taper developed surface just to have constituted conical in shape.Yet the annular friction pad also can be made up of a plurality of fan-shaped or sickle shaped friction pad unit, and their capable assembling ground forms a configuration annular or the rescinded angle taper.By using the friction pad fan-shaped section that material consumption is reduced, because the tankage that produce when making reduce significantly.Particularly advantageous is that the raw material of working as friction pad are coated with one deck stickup thin layer before punching press, because can guarantee the simpler processing of finished product pad thus.

In friction pad when punching out raceway groove or groove, no matter situation about meeting the requirements is at its radial outside or radially inner side is equipped with a profile that links up, because can guarantee in fact not had the processing of modification like this, therefore and when friction pad being bonded on its carrier such as the piston, can not produce the distortion of any infringement bridging clutch function.

According to another configuration of torque-converters of the present invention, the oily flow that flows by conduit can be regulated by at least one valve with according at least one running parameter of gearbox machine torque-converters and/or that drive it and/or that driven by torque-converters.A kind of like this parameter for example can be made of the driving rotating speed of oil temperature, machine or the driven rotating speed of torque-converters or the input speed of gearbox.Can adopt two pressure differences between the chamber as parameter with particularly advantageous mode in addition.What meet the requirements especially is that this valve is provided with a control characteristic, and it can guarantee oil (volume) flow actual constant on the whole working zone of torque-converters when the bridging clutch jointing state, the promptly constant flow that by volume calculates.But for some application, the characteristic curve of volume flowrate being arranged to other also conforms with purpose, especially such characteristic, and promptly volume flowrate depends on the slippage of bridging clutch or depends on because the heat that the oil difference forms.A kind of simple especially structure can obtain like this, and promptly this valve is configured to the volume flow metered valve, and it can regulate required volume flowrate according to the pressure difference that exists between two chambers.

Valve of the present invention can be arranged on the inlet side and/or the outlet side of a corresponding conduit or a guide channel with advantageous manner.Yet a kind of like this valve also can be located in the inlet side and the zone between the outlet side of a conduit or a guide channel.

According to the another kind of configuration of conduit, these conduits also can by at least one formation or be equipped with the member of rubbing surface such as annular piston and/or shell in the moulding such as the groove that are provided with constitute.

A kind of volume flowrate to cold oil is especially simply regulated and can be realized like this, promptly the cross-sectional flow area of valve can change relatively with the pressure difference between two chambers according to the present invention, what wherein meet the requirements is, along with the cross-sectional flow area of the increase valve of pressure difference between these two chambers reduces.This valve can constitute with favourable mode and arrange in this wise, and it on the function in fact with act on that centrifugal force on it does not have any relation or only be very little relation.This in addition valve can also be provided with a volume flow with favourable mode, and this flow is not the square root that is proportional to pressure difference between two chambers.

This oil flow control valve also can be made of solenoid valve.

Can in the rubbing surface zone of the annular friction pad of the bridging clutch of a fluid torque converter, be provided for the groove of water conservancy diversion cooling liquid according to another independent design of the present invention.The thickness of friction pad and the ratio between the mean depth of the groove that vertically stretches of groove can advantageously be located at the order of magnitude between 2.7 and 1.3.In the case the degree of depth of groove can be taken at 0.2 and 0.8mm between the order of magnitude, be preferably 0.3 and 0.6mm between quantity.These grooves can have the actual identical degree of depth on its whole extension size.Yet for some application, what meet the requirements is its variable depthization on the longitudinal extension size of groove.Groove has identical width at least in fact on the longitudinal extension of groove in addition.But the variable-widthization of its longitudinal extension groove also meets the requirements.

Constitute mild jagged and can produce throttling along the groove that extends on the whole width of friction pad substantially to cold oil stream according to the present invention.Groove can have straight substantially local length between the turnover of groove, and it can have and is about 10 to 40mm one vertical size of extending.The width of groove can 3 and 10mm between the order of magnitude in.Maximum is about 10 liters/minute flow when in order to guarantee to obtain many applications pressure that be fit to, that form being about 5 crust on the side of piston towards turbine, and the degree of depth of groove is proved to be to meet the requirements on the quantity of 0.3mm.These radial outside zones from friction pad are about 4 to 12 to each flexuose of radially inner side zone extension or the number of corrugated groove, and their are close at least and are evenly distributed on the circumference of friction pad.The ratio of the calibration on the same radial side of friction pad between two turning points of groove or the radial overall height of spacing and corrugated groove is preferably in the order of magnitude between 0.6 to 1.3, preferably in the order of magnitude between 0.8 and 1.1.

In order to improve cooling effect, in radially outward edge zone of filling up and/or radially inward edge zone, offer the ditch or the groove of bag shape.The moulding of these bags shape be radially outward and radially inwardly open wide and can have the height roughly the same with cooling bath.But these moulding are also extensible on the height of whole pad, so they can manufacturedly come out or utilize cutting to be made in when pad of creating friction with plain mode.The moulding of these bags shape can be arranged on each between two adjacent turnovers (from circular direction) with favourable mode.

For the heat in the rubbing surface contact area that makes the torque-converters bridging clutch is derived, being proved to be the friction pad that meets the requirements is: the ratio of area that these grooves and/or bag shape moulding are shared and left pad rubbing surface is from 0.7 to 1.8 the order of magnitude approximately, preferably in the order of magnitude between 1 and 1.5.

Just can cooling in the bridging clutch rubbing contact zone is improved and improve by bag shape moulding is set in the radially outward edge of friction pad and radially inward edge zone because of having made full use of drag flow.Particularly advantageous is that from the sense of rotation of friction pad, the radially outer of cooling bath inlet follows the inner radial outlet in this cooling bath relatively closely.When consistent, being favourable from the direction of the liquid flow path direction of friction pad circumferencial direction by groove and drag flow.In a torque-converters structure, wherein friction pad be by the parts that can rotate with turbine as piston support, this drag flow will be produced as bending moment wall portion especially by the parts of the relative rubbing surface that constitutes friction pad.When in the bridging clutch of torque-converters, slippage occurring, as long as there is torque to be delivered on the driven member from driving motor, the rotating speed of converter housing just greater than the speed of the friction pad that is provided with groove, is therefore just quickened by converter housing or the very fast relative rubbing surface that rotates by the groove cooling medium flowing.By the layout and the guiding of groove structure of the present invention, make over unescapable, to being clearly better or having been avoided to a great extent by the influential rotating speed problem of the moment of clutch transmits.

For example can be according to friction pad of the present invention by being adhesively fixed on pump side or on a face that constitutes by converter housing.The piston of bridging clutch then only has the relative rubbing surface of a metal.

In addition, these also can directly be provided with from the material that constitutes piston and/or converter housing according to groove configuration of the present invention.In a this configuration, can use the friction pad of not establishing groove.But also can make friction pad be provided with groove, but wherein these groove configurations must be different from the described groove of the application.

Situation about meeting the requirements especially is, on the length of groove, appears at when the motor vehicle that torque-converters is housed travel operation in the zone of pressure at groove of the input side of groove and outlet side and forms an eddy current in fact.These grooves also can constitute in this wise, and promptly the pressure difference that exists between the input side of these grooves and outlet side produces an eddy current in groove.This eddy current that produces in groove can produce active influence by corresponding groove guiding and groove configuration.

According to another configuration possibility of the present invention, in the fluid torque converter of the described type of a kind of aforementioned part, when the bridging clutch rubbing surface axially contacts, forming an oil that flows to first Room from second Room flows, wherein in first Room, be provided with a radial wall, it is axially fixed on an opposite that limits the radial wall of first Room, wherein should oil stream between these two radial walls by water conservancy diversion radially inwardly.These two walls also can be relatively turnable each other in the case.The wall that is provided with in this chamber can axially be fixed on the opposite of shell with advantageous manner.The latter can be for example by corresponding wall portion axially mounting is realized on turbine hub.This wall can be connected with the turbine hub rigidly with advantageous manner in the case.

Below will the invention will be further described by Fig. 1 to 12.Its accompanying drawing is:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of apparatus of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is bridging clutch torque characteristic curve figure;

Fig. 3 is a possibility scheme that has the torque-converters of bridging clutch according to of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the another one possibility scheme that has the torque-converters of bridging clutch according to of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is another the possibility scheme that has the torque-converters of bridging clutch according to of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a kind of possibility scheme of a friction pad configuration of the bridging clutch according to the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the another possibility scheme of the friction pad configuration of bridging clutch according to the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a detail section of the bridging clutch according to the present invention;

Fig. 8 a is the figure that regulates the valve of oil volume flow and the bridging clutch of this valve is housed;

Fig. 9 is the figure that regulates the valve of oil volume flow;

Fig. 9 a is another one embodiment's the figure that regulates the valve of oil volume flow;

Figure 10 is the figure that the valve of adjusting oil volume flow is in the embodiment of clutch another one position;

Figure 11 is another one embodiment's the figure that regulates the valve of oil volume flow.

Figure 12 is another possibility scheme of a friction pad configuration of the bridging clutch according to the present invention;

The device 1 that Fig. 1 represents to have a shell 2 and is contained in a fluid torque converter 3 in this shell.This shell 2 can be connected with a driving shaft, this driving shaft can by live axle for example the bent axle of an internal-combustion engine constitute.Be connected and can realize with antitorque commentaries on classics between the shell 2 at driving shaft by a driver blade, this driver blade radially the inside can be with driving shaft radially outer can form antitorque commentaries on classics with shell 2 and be connected, a kind of like this driver blade is for example known by JP-OS58-30532.

Shell 2 is to be made of housing alms bowl 4 and another housing alms bowl 5 that fixes with this housing alms bowl 4 adjacent with driving shaft or internal-combustion engine.These two housing alms bowls 4 and 5 form the fixedly connected of sealing at radial outside each other by welded structure 6.In illustrated embodiment, directly utilize housing alms bowl 5 to constitute the shell of pump impeller 7.For this reason, blade 8 is fixed on the housing alms bowl 5 in known manner.Housing alms bowl 5 is in axially being plugged on the outside shell-like zone 4a of housing alms bowl 4.Axle looks up, and is provided with a turbine 10 between the radial wall 9 of pump impeller 7 and housing alms bowl 4, and this turbine and a driven wheel hub 11 form fixing or rigidity is antitorque is connected, and the latter then can be connected with the input shaft formation torsion proof of a gearbox by an internal gear.Radially the inside of pump impeller and turbine between the zone axially on be provided with a guide wheel 12.The wheel hub 13 that housing alms bowl 5 has a sleeve shape at radially inner side, this wheel hub reaches in the shell that is bearing in a gearbox hermetically rotationally.Also be provided with a bridging clutch 15 in the interior space 14 that is made of two housing alms bowls 4,5, this clutch relative torque-converters 3 on function is set up in parallel.Bridging clutch 15 can make driven wheel hub 11 and initiatively form the moment of torsion clutch between the housing alms bowl 4.One has the flexible buffer 16 of rotation to be connected in series mutually with bridging clutch 15 on function, and it is arranged between the annular piston 17 and driven wheel hub 11 of bridging clutch 15 in illustrated embodiment.This has the flexible buffer 16 of rotation to include the accumulator of helical spring form in known manner.Radially wall extension 9 and turbine 10 axially between the radially inner side of the annular piston 17 that is provided with can limitedly be bearing in movably on the driven wheel hub 11 in the axial direction.Annular piston 17 is separated into one first Room 18 and one second Room 20 with interior space 14, first Room 18 be the inner radial in the rubbing contact zone 19 of bridging clutch 15 and annular piston 17 and radially shell wall 9 axially between form, then hold pump impeller 7, turbine 10 and guide wheel 12 in second Room 20.

Its radial outside zone of housing alms bowl 4 usefulness constitutes a conical friction face 21, and the imaginary vertex of a cone of this conical surface deviates from turbine 10 ground orientations in the axial direction.Conical friction face 21 can form frictional engagement with a friction pad 22 by conical region 23 supportings of a supporting slice 24.Supporting slice 24 itself is again that annular piston 17 by the tinsel deep drawing molding is supporting equally.

Be used for for example new departure of a kind of transmission system of Motor Vehicle, bridging clutch has the work of slippage ground on the major part that is at least the fluid torque converter working zone, wherein when the slippage in rubbing contact district 19 during the stage, energy loss generates with the form of heat, and this loss meeting is very high under certain working state, can be thousands of watts.This working state for example occurs in the clutch of trailer mountain-climbing up-hill journey and torque-converters when never the cross-over connection state exchange is to actual cross-over connection state.The bridging clutch programme of work of this torque-converters that has a slippage is for example by proposing among German patent application P4228137.7-12 and the P4235070.0-12.

Unallowed high-temperature in the rubbing contact zone 19, and be to avoid the part of trapped fuel in friction pad surface and the interior space 14 destroyed, in illustrated embodiment, adopted the measure of in friction pad 22, arranging oil groove or oil duct 25, by these oil grooves, when bridging clutch 15 actual engagement, can between second Room 20 and first Room 18, form the oil stream that continues.In the case, this oil stream is with diversed friction pad 22 and the rubbing surface 21 crossed.This oil duct 25 will be optimized in shape in this wise at it, promptly the zone play the parts of rubbing contact effect in 19 and the oil that flows through between should be able to form good heat exchange.A kind of preferred configuration to oil duct 25 will further describe in conjunction with Fig. 6 and 7.

Be connected with second Room 20 by passage in piston 17 and the supporting slice 24 or through hole 26 at filler opening radially than the oil duct 25 in the outside, and radially the outlet of inboard oil duct 25 be connected with first Room 18.

Combining with the radial zone of piston 17 with the fixedly connected supporting slice 24 of piston 17 has in the axial direction constituted a locellus 18a, it as guiding channel be used for when bridging clutch 15 engages by oil duct 25 towards rotating shaft 27 radially on the guiding of the oil that flows.This guide channel 18a is connected with the end regions of the radially inner side of oil duct 25 by opening or the through hole 28 that is located in the supporting slice 24.The radially inner side of supporting slice 24 is provided with axial coined area 29, and it is as the spacing holder between supporting slice 24 and the annular piston 17.Between these coined area 29, the guide channel 18a that in fact constitutes annular chamber becomes and radially inwardly opens wide, and is communicated with having formed at the locellus 18b that radially constitutes between shell zone 9 and the supporting slice 24 thus.In illustrated embodiment, piston sheet 17 utilizes rivet to be connected to each other with supporting slice 24 in the zone of coined area 29.At the radial outside of guide channel 18a, annular piston 17 has a ring shaped axial coined area 30, and it is similarly as the spacing holder between other zone of supporting slice 24 and annular piston 17.By this coined area 30 the resistance to deformation intensity of the supporting slice 24 in the rubbing contact zone 19 is improved.In the annular region of coined area 30, between two members 17 and 24, formed a kind of radial seal.When bridging clutch 15 engaged, cold oil flowed from second Room 20, and via through holes 26, oil duct 25, hole 28 and guide channel 18a radially inwardly arrive in the zone of driven wheel hub 11.This cold oil stream is for example discharged via the passage of a hollow shaft or setting for this reason in the zone of driven wheel hub 11 then, and preferably is discharged into earlier in the oil cooler.Oil from this oil cooler led get back to the oil groove and again therefrom turn back to that fluid power is regulated and control loop in.

The member 17 and 24 that constitutes guide channel 18a is axially mounting and being connected to each other so relative to one another, promptly the oil that radially inwardly flows therein can be to not applying any axial thrust load by axially movable piston 17, this axial thrust load can cause the change of bridging clutch 15 torque transfer capability, especially makes its decline.This point is achieved like this, and the meeting that is formed in oil by the oil stream that radially inwardly flows causes that on piston 17 and supporting slice 24 power of axial thrust load or pressure increase will axially be tackled, so that has formed the riding chain of a sealing.In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, this is axially to be guaranteed by the supporting of piston 17 by supporting slice 24.

This is described, trace back to the power and the consequent pressure that form in oil in the dynamic process increases, in the fluid torque converter structure example that has bridging clutch as by US-PS4, be to make along with the growth of rotating speed to produce very significantly to descend in 969, the 543 disclosed structures by the maximum moment that bridging clutch transmits.In known hydraulic moment changeable (stream) device with cold oil stream, when the radially shell wall and the oil between the piston of the bridging clutch of jointing state flow by radial outside when radially inner side flows actually, with the loss of machine of torque that occurs producing, this loss will be increased by dynamic process.The reason that the moment of torsion transfer capacity of bridging clutch descends along with the increase of rotating speed or oil volume flow may be to cause at oil acts on oil when radial outside flows to the inside section's formula acceleration, and this acceleration is because being rotated in that sense of rotation acts on that oil is gone up and can radially causing increased pressure towards rotating shaft 27 in the mobile oil of hydraulic moment changeable (stream) device.

In the present invention, because increased pressure that radially oily stream causes and the axial force that therefore produces on oily conductance primer component axially will supported in this wise, promptly in fact the engaging force of bridging clutch 15 is not produced any influence or slight influence at least in fact, and do not exert an influence for the moment of transmitting by its thus or produce slight influence.These undesirable pressure and power are subjected to axial counteracting according to the present invention.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, supporting slice 24 and guide channel 18a radially extend to driven wheel hub 11 always, promptly extend to inside quite far.Yet for some application, when only extending in regional the going up of a part of annular piston 17 radial extension, guide channel 18a also meets the requirements, so that can make the moment of transmitting by bridging clutch 15 have definite variation along with the growth of rotating speed and the growth of volume flowrate.For most of situation, when guide channel 18a extends on the circumferentially extending size of at least 50% annular piston 17, also meet the requirements.A part of oil is flowed through by guide channel 18a water conservancy diversion, and remaining part is radially inwardly flowed via locellus 18b.For this reason, can be at the attachment hole that is provided with on the supporting slice 24 between locellus 18b and the guide channel 18a.The visual required effect of these attachment holes is done the structure setting, and is disposed on 27 1 definite radial distances of rotating shaft.

On the plotted curve of Fig. 2, horizontal ordinate is represented the rotating speed of hydraulic moment changeable (stream) device or shell 2, and ordinate is represented the ratio of the moment transmitted by bridging clutch 15 and the pressure difference of torque-converters piston 17 both sides existence.Straight line 31 be illustrated on the piston of a traditional torque-converters bridging clutch be one given when being constant compression force difference Δ P with respect to the M curve of rotating speed, this traditional torque-converters bridging clutch is a kind of like this bridging clutch, when its jointing state without any oil stream from an effluent of piston to opposite side.As can be seen, on a kind of like this bridging clutch, transferable moment keeps constant at least basically with respect to rotating speed under the situation of given Δ P.Fluid torque converter with this bridging clutch for example is described in US-PS4, in 649,763.

Fluid torque converter of straight line 32 expression by the possible change procedure of bridging clutch 15 transferable moment relative rotation speeds, exists the oil stream from Room 18 20 to first, second Room in this fluid torque converter when given Δ P.This fluid torque converter is for example from US-PS4,445,599 and US-PS 5,056,631 in known.Be provided with passage or hole in this structure and in the zone of the friction pad of bridging clutch and/or piston, their allow oil stream to flow to first Room that is limited by shell radial wall and piston from second Room that holds pump impeller and turbine at least.This oil stream or oily flux will cause a relative given Δ P, can be produced by the maximum moment that the torque-converters bridging clutch transmits in theory to descend, and this is owing to enter and flow back to and the flow loss when flowing through torque-converters causes.This point can be known by inference by Fig. 2, and when slow speed for same Δ P, according to the respective torque of curve 32 transferable maximum moments less than curve 31 when the same revolution.The dynamic loss that also will superpose in the loss of this static state, it similarly makes and can be descended by the moment that bridging clutch transmits.This is owing to radially inside oily stream in first Room causes.Change procedure by curve 32 can be known by inference, when given Δ P by the transferable moment of bridging clutch, because dynamic loss reduces significantly with the increase of rotating speed.

By the supporting structure of the present invention for power that in chamber 18, produces because of radially inner oil stream and pressure increase, to reach when given Δ P by the transferable moment of bridging clutch is not to descend according to curve 32 with respect to the rotating speed of fluid torque converter, but keeps constant according to dotted line 33 is actual at least basically.Decide on required bridging clutch characteristic, yet curve 33 also can have other change procedure.Also can accomplish if necessary makes transferable torque value have certain decline on the rotating speed of being considered.In the optimal design of the guide channel 18a that at least one is used for oil stream, can accomplish, compare with the ideal situation of curve 31 corresponding relevant transmission of torque and quiescent dissipation in fact only occurs.

The above mode of considering is Utopian, because do not consider the friction in the fluid, and the friction between fluid and guide wall.

Form of implementation according to Fig. 3 is with respect to its difference of the form of implementation among Fig. 1: member 117 radially outers do not extend on the external frame of supporting slice 124 and in inner radial always can not make the axial displacement leading on driven wheel hub 111.But 17 similar, the footpath of annular piston is installed on the driven wheel hub 111 with upwards centrally and axially going up finite displacement among supporting slice 124 and Fig. 1.On the form of implementation in Fig. 3, the piston annular construction member 117 that sheet 124 reality have constituted bridging clutch 115 then constitutes the reinforcer of a sheet 124.

In form of implementation, on a side that deviates from first Room 218 of annular piston 217, be provided with the qualification member with formation guide channel 218a of ring segment 224 forms according to Fig. 4.Piston 217 has hole 228 in the radial outside zone of guide channel 218a, it is connected with conduit 225 in the friction pad 222.Be provided with drain hole 234 in the radially inner side zone of guide channel 218a and in piston 217, it leads in first Room 218.

As has been described, in fact guide channel 18a, 118a, 218a have constituted doughnut.Yet a plurality of passages that radially extend also can be set, and they are connected with at least one introduction hole 28,228 respectively.Also can replace guiding piece 24,224 with each tubule, one in the radially outer of these tubules and the hole 28,228 is connected, and extends in the rotating shaft in radial inward.Equally do not need to make radially inner oily conductance to get back among first Room 218 or the locellus 18b yet, and can make the current drainage of flowing by this ad hoc backflow part is realized for the oil that radially inwardly flows to.For example should can discharge by at least one radial hole that is located in the driven wheel hub 11 by oil stream, this radial hole leads in the current drainage channel.

In fluid torque converter shown in Figure 5 303, also be provided with one first Room 318 and one second Room 320, they are separated each other by the piston 317 of bridging clutch 315.Annular piston 317 centrally also can be arranged on the driven wheel hub 311 with moving axially.Be provided with in the torque chain between driven wheel hub 311 and annular piston 317 and have tensionally elastic buffer 316.Under the situation that bridging clutch 315 engages, between second Room 320 and first Room 318, there is an oil stream, it is radially inside water conservancy diversion in chamber 318.For this reason, be provided with at least one hand-hole 326 on piston 317, it is to be made of a nozzle or an orifice plate 326a who is supported by piston 317 in this illustrated embodiment.The oil that flows through by this hole 326 will be directed in groove or the passage 325 in the rubbing contact zone 319 between the rubbing surface of the rubbing surface 321 of shell 302 and friction pad 322.The outlet side of groove or passage 325 spontaneously after enter into first Room 318 and radially inwardly flow.This oil stream in the case will be between shell wall 309 and radial ringed supporting slice 324 water conservancy diversion radially inwardly.This supporting slice 324 is fixed on the driven wheel hub 311, and in the axial direction towards piston 317 and axially mounting on wheel hub 311.The effect of this supporting structure is: in fact the increased pressure that occurs in the oil that radially inwardly flows does not act on the piston 317, because because the axial force that increased pressure produces is supported sheet 324 tackles.

This Oil Guide sheet or supporting slice 324 can not be connected with driven wheel hub yet but axially are connected with housing alms bowl 304.So also may there be a closed power transfer chain relevant own with the axial force that occurs.

Oil groove or oil duct 25,225,325 can not be provided in a side of in the friction pad 22,222,322 at least in part yet, and are provided in a side of adjacent shell wall and/or in the piston of bridging clutch, and/or for example in the support plate 24,124 in Fig. 1 and 3 forms of implementation.Piston with oil guide slot is for example by US-PS5, and 056,631 is disclosed.

According to the present invention, to the oily radially inner guiding that flows between second Room and first Room and related therewith the impulsive force that occurs in the oil or the supporting or the compensation of increased pressure are not limited on these forms of implementation, oily stream is directly to occur in the rubbing surface zone of bridging clutch of torque-converters in these forms of implementation, and also can be applied on the other structure, for example by US-PS4,493,406 and US-PS4,445,599 known structures.

Represented a friction pad 422 in Fig. 6, it can be applicable in the torque-converters bridging clutch according to Fig. 1 and 3 to 5.This friction pad 422 comprises the radial outside zone 422a and the radially inner side zone 422b who is coherent extension in a circumferential direction equally that link up and extend on circumference.Be provided with fluting 435 among the zone line 422c between this outside and medial region 422a, 422b, these flutings have flexuose or corrugated curve.These flutings 435 are the corrugated or the shape ground setting of crawling on the circumferencial direction of friction pad 422 in the illustrated embodiment.435 pairs of diversed oil of a kind of fluting of guiding setting have guaranteed long especially flow channel length like this, have realized good heat exchange thus between the member of mobiloil and formation bridging clutch rubbing surface.No matter then can reach thus is rubbing surface or the member that constitutes it or the oil that exists in the rubbing surface zone all bears a low heat load.

These ditches or slot 435 length dimension and shape structure must determine in this wise, promptly the flow resistance that occurs therein is according to the critical working condition design of torque-converters and bridging clutch, even this means under the oil tender feeling condition of maximum possible, only have certain oil mass to be drained into first Room, and this oil mass can not destroyed the system pressure of torque-converters from second Room.What meet the requirements is to be depended on the situation of oil temperature as small as possible by the cold oil stream of fluting or ditch 435 guiding.

In illustrated embodiment, this friction pad 422 has nine equally distributed ditch or grooves 435 on circumference.What conform with purpose is that three such zigzag fashion ditch or grooves are set on friction pad 422 at least.

Represent that in its plan-position of 422 usefulness of the friction pad shown in Fig. 6 it will be posted on the zone that makes truncated cone shape of corresponding annular piston or corresponding supporting slice or corresponding housing alms bowl.Therefore this friction pad 422 is made into the taper planation surface, has just formed the shape of a taper or truncated cone shape when two end regions 436,437 butt joints are got up.Utilization is divided into a plurality of fan-shaped parts 438 with friction pad 422, can reach few especially material and use.They are indicated among Fig. 7.The sector 438 of these friction pads will be attached on the corresponding load-bearing member then.For this reason, particularly advantageous situation is that material or the original blank that fills up was coated with last layer album leave layer at least single face before going out fluting 435.Can guarantee simple processing thus.At the sector 438 of pad or fill up 422 radial outside and radially inner side is provided with a zone that links up and stretch, also help this processing.

In the form of implementation of Fig. 6 and 7, ditch or groove 435 radially inwardly reach radially outward and seal.This will be by the fixed friction pad the respective configuration of member realize.This configuration must be realized in this wise: can flow into oil duct 435 and can flow out at its radial inner end 440 place's oil at radial outer end 439 place's oil of groove 435.For this reason, be provided with corresponding hole or opening in according to the embodiment of Fig. 1 and 3 to 5 on adjacent parts, they are connected with the respective end of groove 435.But on these corresponding parts hole or opening can be set also but be provided with groove or coined area, they guarantee respective end portions 439 and/or 440 with corresponding chamber 320 and/or 318 be communicated with for example.Dot corresponding connection in Fig. 5, it is to constitute by the groove in the piston 317 441.This moulding or groove misplace in a circumferential direction with respect to the inlet side 326 of oil and settle and be connected with the radial inner end zone of a conduit 325.

What meet the requirements is that conduit 435 has two turnovers at least on its length, also promptly have three limits or two arcs at least.In the form of implementation of Fig. 6, conduit has six turnovers and therefore seven limits is arranged.When a kind of sinusoidal shape of conduit 435 or the wire of crawling guiding, it will have six arcs connected to one another.

In Fig. 8, represented another kind of at a friction pad 422 radial inner end 440 and first Room 18 that between shell 2 and annular piston 17, constitutes between the possibility that is communicated with of formation.This connection is by guaranteeing at a housing alms bowl or an axial step 2a on lid 4.Here this step 2a arranges that so promptly it extends beyond the end regions 440 of corresponding conduit 435 radially outwardly.But this step 2a looping, promptly extend on the whole circumference, therefore, the terminal area 440 of all conduits 435 all is connected with first Room 18.

In order to make in the dependence of the oily volume that flows between second Room and first Room and oily temperature or oil viscosity and make this oil volume and the dependence of the pressure difference that exists weakens between first Room and second Room, another configuration according to the present invention is provided with a device at least, and the pressure difference that it can depend between oily temperature and viscosity and/or the piston pressure at both sides is adjusted volume flowrate.

This device of having represented valve 542 forms at Fig. 8 a to 10.

In Fig. 8 a, this valve 542 is by piston 517 supportings.Valve 542 has a shell 543, and this shell is fixed on this piston on a side that deviates from friction pad 522 of piston 517.For this reason, shell 543 has the outer shoulder 544 of an annular in the illustrated embodiment, and this outer shoulder in the hole 545 that is placed on annular piston 517 and with it is fixed, and for example fixes by press fit.

As can be seen from Figure 9, in the shell 543 of valve 542, accommodate an axially displaceable piston 546.Piston 546 has an axial element 547, and it can lead in the outside hole 548 axially mobile at one.By moving axially of piston 546 cross-section area of outlet 549 is changed, this cross-section area forms between hole 548 and axial element 547.The variation of this cross-section area here is that the respective configuration with axial element 547 and/or hole 548 realizes.In this illustrated embodiment, hole 548 is that the cross section a ring-type is to constitute in the axle sleeve 550 of L shape, and it extend in the cylindrical space 552 with its axial element 551 and is fixed on the shell 543.Place a calibrating spring 553 on axial element 551, it loads piston 546 direction of 554 at the bottom of the shell.Guaranteed thus: when being less pressure difference between two chambers such as chamber 20 and 18 or between chamber 20 and the guide channel 18a, can flow through many relatively oil stream by this valve.This valve 542 has inlet 555, and it makes second Room 20 (Fig. 1) be communicated with cylindrical space 552 formation.The hole 548 that constitutes valve 542 outlets is connected or forms with at least one the Oil Guide road 535 that is provided with in rubbing contact zone 519 and is connected.Be to form like this to connect in the case, the oil that flows out by this valve 542 is preferably from the diversed the other end to this groove of an end of a conduit 535, and then radially flows to the rotating shaft of corresponding torque-converters therefrom.

In this illustrated embodiment, the axial element 547 of piston 546 is provided with a groove 556, and this groove has a kind of like this geometrical shape or a kind of like this layout, i.e. increase along with piston 546 axial displacement left reduces the cross-section area 549 of outlet.By the respective configuration of groove 546 and the power of spring 553---the design of stroke characteristic can be implemented on whole application regions of corresponding torque-converters flows through actual constant volume flowrate via valve 542.This point can so be accomplished, promptly forms a volume flow, makes it in fact irrelevant with the difference of bridging clutch piston pressure at both sides.Yet when needed, also can realize other characteristic volume flowrate by the respective configuration of axial element 547, hole 548 and accumulator 553.For example the valve 542 by respective configuration the volume of oil flow of formation is increased along with increasing to of pressure difference is rare or at least the utmost point reduce minutely.If necessary, this volume flowrate is interrupted fully from predetermined pressure differential between two chambers.But preferably come design discharge modulating valve 542 like this, constant even in fact volume flowrate keeps, and in fact irrelevant thus with the fluctuation that exists at inlet 555 places for flowing pressure or induced pressure.This flow control valve also has such advantage: it can be provided with to such an extent that the temperature variation in the oil is compensated as best one can, this means volume flowrate to a great extent with oil in temperature variation irrelevant.

This flow control valve 542 is set at the inlet side or the section start of cold oil stream.

Can use the flow control valve 642 shown in Fig. 9 a to come alternative valve 542, wherein the placement on piston must be made corresponding change to valve body, or replaces throttle valve or orifice plate 326a with it.This valve 642 has a shell 643, and it has constituted a cylindrical space 652 that is used for piston 646.Open side at shell 643 is partly being sealed by a disk that is provided with hole 650a.At the bottom of the shell 654 and piston 646 between be provided with a spring that is calibrated 653.This spring 653 is set among the axial notch 646a of piston 646 at least in part.Cylindrical space 652 is divided into two spaces by piston 646, and wherein right space 652a is supplied to oil by hole 650a, and the pressure that this oil has is corresponding to the pressure in second Room that has pump impeller and turbine at least.Left space 652b is by being located at throttle orifice between two space 652a and the 652b or orifice plate 657 for stream.This hole or orifice plate 657 are as the oil mass orifice plate of regulating pressure difference Δ P between two space 652a and the 652b.Adjusting the oily flow of calculating by volume that orifice plate 658 be connected in series mutually with measuring diaphragm 657 and basis has pressure versus flow goes out to adjust orifice plate 658 for one in the 542a of chamber adjusts.This so realizes, promptly by the cross-section area of regulating orifice plate 658 the pressure differential deltap P between two space 652a and the 652b is adjusted on the value of a regulation.In this invention, it is constant that this value preferably keeps, so that obtain in fact constant volume flowrate.Regulating orifice plate 658 is to be made of the radial hole 648 that is provided with on shell 543, and its cross-sectional flow area can change by the axial displacement of piston 646.If when the pressure in the 652a of chamber increased, 646 power that overcome spring 653 of piston were moved to the left, the cross-sectional flow area in hole 648 will diminish thus.Make the pressure among the 652b of chamber arrive higher level so again, and set up the pressure difference between two chamber 652a and the 652b again, this has just guaranteed to flow through desirable oily flow by hole 648.

In an embodiment according to Figure 10, friction pad 722 is by housing 704 supportings.Be provided with a support plate 704a in Figure 10, it is fixed on the housing alms bowl or covers on 704 for this reason, and is fixed by riveted structure 760.This riveted structure 760 is to constitute in riveting post that constitutes by the material by shell 704 and the respective aperture that snaps in plate 704a.These pad supports parts 704a radially leaves to cover 704 radial wall 709 tapered layouts outward in the axial direction, thereby the cross section that constitutes an annular is the medial compartment 761 of wedge shape.Placed a volume Flow valve 742 in medial compartment 761, this valve-supporting is on parts 704a.Medial compartment 761 forms a part that is communicated with or becomes second Room with second Room of fluid torque converter.This its radially outer of discoid pad supports parts 704a (from circumferencial direction) can be connected with the radial outer wall of shell 704 at least in part, has strengthened the axial rigidity of parts 704a thus.The piston 717 of bridging clutch 715 has a zone 730 that is arranged to taper equally, and it constitutes rubbing surface and can engage with friction pad 722 formation.Under the situation that bridging clutch 715 engages, the cold oil of a definite amount fills by valve 742 and flow in the ditch or groove 725 set in pad 722 zones.

A kind of structure of expression in Figure 11, it can make each oil groove or the oil duct 825 that are located on pad 822 circumferential surfacies come fuel feeding by an independent valve 842.For this reason, in illustrated embodiment, on piston 817, fixed the member 862 of an annular cover form, constitute one thus in the chamber 863 that circumferencial direction stretches between this lid 862 and annular piston 817, this chamber forms with the corresponding filler opening of each oil groove 825 by hole 826 and is communicated with.Decide on the application, a plurality of valves 842 also can be set, but wherein the number of valve can be less than the number of each oil groove or oil duct 825.

According to the present invention of Figure 11 design, promptly a plurality of oil grooves or oil duct 825 utilize identical valve 842 fuel feeding, can be applied on the structure according to Fig. 1 with simple especially mode, and at this moment in the zone of the through hole 26 of piston 17 a corresponding valve are set.Thus just can be by 26 pairs of all conduits 25 fuel feeding in hole on annular space 17a and the member 24.

What meet the requirements is valve 542,642,742 or 842 is constituted in this wise and/or to arrange that the influence that promptly acts on the centrifugal force on the valve should be as much as possible little, and required function is guaranteed.This can by use light as far as possible piston and by the moving direction that makes piston be arranged in torque-converters axially on guarantee.Can accomplish that by back one measure not having any centrifugal force component that acts on the respective valve acts on the direction of valve spring.Piston should be done as far as possible for a short time and be made by a kind of light material such as plastics or aluminium.In form of implementation shown in Figure 11, the receptance of valve 842 relative centrifugal force effects is lowered in this wise, is about to this valve and is arranged on the relatively little radius.

The application of the device by the present invention being regulated cold oil stream can realize: can regulate oil stream on the torque-converters bridging clutch, making it is not the square root that is proportional to piston pressure at both sides difference.

For example by US-PS4,969, has such shortcoming in the 543 disclosed fluid torque converters, promptly under the situation that bridging clutch engages, the volume flowrate that flows out through clutch depends on rotating speed very much, wherein the flow that by volume calculates is along with the increasing of rotating speed and since stated dynamically or the process learned of exactly oily medium power and reducing significantly.This concerning the function of hydraulic moment changeable substantial shortcoming can be overcome at least basically by the water conservancy diversion configuration of the radially inner volume flowrate of the present invention.Can be adjusted to a smaller volume flow when the slow-speed of revolution by a kind of configuration of the present invention for given or required system pressure in the fluid torque converter, and therefore can use a miniature pump.

Express an annular friction pad 922 in Figure 12 partly, it has corrugated or jagged groove 935, and they extend on the circumferencial direction of friction pad 922 and have a configuration similar to the groove 435 in Fig. 6 and 7.These diametrically the groove 935 of flexuose or the wire of crawling on its length, have substantially the same width, and available favourable mode constitutes identical flow cross to cold oil at least basically on its length is extended.In this illustrated embodiment, no matter these grooves 935 are radially to outer rim 922a or radially all open wide to inner edge 922b, rather than resemble according to sealing among the embodiment of Fig. 6 and 7.

Groove that these are provided with in friction pad or friction ring 922 or raceway groove 935 can promptly be fixed on friction pad a support unit processed the forming of when pad that create friction, and are made before going up as annular piston or thin dish.But groove that structure is established according to the present invention or raceway groove also can friction pad is fixing as utilize when pasting on the support unit or in friction pad, made fixing later on.Even also a friction pad very usually at first is fixed on the corresponding annular piston as 922, and this fixedly the time or thereafter in corresponding friction ring or friction pad punching out go out raceway groove or groove.

Particularly advantageous situation may be, the corner cut of the radial outside of groove 935 or radially inner side turnover 946, it represents with label 945 in Figure 12, its order of magnitude between 120 to 30 degree, the preferred order of magnitude be 45 and 70 spend between.This angle 945 is about 60 degree in Figure 12.In a favourable mode, each groove 935 that distributes on friction pad 922 circumference is such sizings, and promptly the length from groove 935 forms a substantial eddy current at least.Can realize thus heat is delivered on the cold oil better.According to a modified embodiment of the present invention, form this eddy current by respective configuration along the turnover zone 946 of groove 935.Owing to active influence is played in the cooling that forms by cold oil in the rubbing contact zone that makes repeatedly leading of groove 935 on friction pad 922 radial width in respective clutch equally.Guiding by raceway groove of the present invention or groove can be implemented in the rubbing contact zone of clutch the water conservancy diversion of long cooling medium relatively, can reach the good transfer of heat to cooling medium thus.

In order in groove 935, to realize eddy current, to the groove sizing time, must consider the differential pressure that between the suction side 939 of groove and outlet side 940, exists.Like this differential pressure is equivalent to pressure difference between set chamber, the both sides of torque-converters bridging clutch (among Fig. 1 18 and 20) in the torque-converters bridging clutch.

In order to improve cooling effect, the groove or the depression 947,948 of bag shape can be set in the radially outward edge of friction pad and/or radially inward edge zone.The moulding 947,948 of these bags shape can use the mode similar to groove 935 to make.The moulding 947,948 of these bags shape is made into triangle in according to embodiment shown in Figure 12.Yet this moulding 947,948 also can have other configuration, for example is crescent shaped or semicircle.In addition, these moulding 947,948 reach with respect to radius 949 and also can be made into asymmetrical from circumference.In the illustrated embodiment, from circumferencial direction, each of these bags shape moulding 947,948 is arranged between the adjacent turnover 946.When friction pad 922 rotates, can make the cooling medium stream in the bag 947,948 form eddy current.As can be seen from Figure 12, these bags shape moulding 947,948 and groove 935 intersect at least in part diametrically.Because the structure and the layout of cooling bath 935 and cooling bag 947,948, the rubbing surface zone of leaving between these cooling structures 935,947 and 948 950 is flexuose or undulatory configuration equally.

The present invention is not limited among the embodiment of illustrated and description, but comprises these modification yet, and they especially can be by the modification that combination constituted in conjunction with the described various features of different forms of implementation or parts and functional mode.In addition, itself the independent taking-up of each feature or function mode of describing in conjunction with the accompanying drawings just can be used as an independently invention.Therewith relatively, especially can be provided with cooling structure in them, for example groove and/or bag with reference to the configuration of friction pad.In addition can be with reference to the application of the valve and throttling element or the orifice plate that are used to control cooling medium consumption.The present invention can also consider in the prior art scope of enumerating or with them in combination, and these considerations should be as replenishing the application.

In addition, the applicant still remain with to so far only in specification disclosed feature with invention essential meaning continue to submit to the right protected.

Claims (37)

1, in a shell, be provided with pump impeller, turbine, guide wheel and have the fluid torque converter of the bridging clutch of annular piston, wherein the both sides of annular piston respectively constitute a chamber that can be marked with oil, this annular piston supports a rubbing surface at least, its rubbing surface relative with one can form rubbing contact, wherein in the inner radial of rubbing surface and at annular piston and be equipped with between the parts of relative rubbing surface and constitute first Room, be provided with conduit in the radial zone of rubbing surface and being equipped with at least or constituting among of parts of rubbing surface, it also can make an oil stream radially inwardly flow to the rotating shaft of torque-converters via these conduits from second Room when rubbing surface axially contacts; It is characterized in that:

This oil stream water conservancy diversion radially inwardly in a guide channel at least after leaving conduit, described pilot flow has two relative wall spares, and the parts that have described rubbing surface constitute maximum wall spares of described guide channel.

2, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: guide channel is only by a parts carry that is provided with rubbing surface.

3, torque-converters according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: conduit can make an oil stream flow to first Room from second Room.

4, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the axial each other relative fixed of wall spare that limits guide channel.

5, torque-converters according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: one of the parts carry and its axial restraint radially Oil Guide wall spare together that constitute a chamber, the radial zone of this wall spare and above-mentioned parts limits the guide chamber of the formation guide channel that radially extends of knowing clearly at least, and oil flows quilt water conservancy diversion radially inwardly in this chamber.

6, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the wall spare that limits guide channel forms with parts that are equipped with rubbing surface and is rigidly connected.

7, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: first Room be formed in annular piston and shell a radial wall axially between.

8, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: annular piston be arranged on radial wall of shell and turbine axially between.

9, torque-converters according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: guide channel is by piston support.

10, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Oil Guide wall spare is by piston support.

11, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Oil Guide wall spare is contained in first Room.

12, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Oil Guide wall spare is arranged on annular piston and the side that chamber deviates from mutually.

13, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: accommodate turbine and pump impeller in second Room at least.

14, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: first Room is separated into two axial adjacent chambers by Oil Guide wall spare.

15, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: have a friction pad at least on one of parts that are equipped with rubbing surface are individual.

16, torque-converters according to claim 15, it is characterized in that: conduit is limited by friction pad.

17, according to claim 15 or 16 described torque-converters, it is characterized in that: conduit is located in the friction pad.

18, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the inlet of conduit is positioned at the outside of its outlet diametrically, and these conduits are communicated in a guide channel or the guide chamber.

19, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: guide channel on the rotor shaft direction of torque-converters at least extend through first Room radially extend 50% of size.

20, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: conduit is made of coined area at least one friction pad or groove.

21, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: conduit is connected with an axial input hole in being arranged on piston and/or Oil Guide wall spare.

22, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the outlet side of conduit is connected with a tap hole in being arranged on annular piston and/or Oil Guide wall, and this hole is led in the guide channel.

23, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: at least one friction pad is provided with flexuose or undulatory conduit.

24, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the inlet side of conduit is located in the outer edge region of friction pad, and the outlet side of conduit is located in the radially inward edge zone of friction pad.

25, according to claim 23 or 24 described torque-converters, it is characterized in that: constitute flexuose or undulatory conduit and extend on the circumferencial direction of friction pad.

26, according to claim 23 or 24 described torque-converters, it is characterized in that: conduit has at least two replicated structures.

27, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: friction pad is made up of a plurality of falculate friction pad sections.

28, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with valve on the inlet side of at least one conduit or outlet side.

29, torque-converters according to claim 28 is characterized in that: the oil mass that flows by conduit can be regulated according at least one running parameter of gearbox machine torque-converters and/or that drive it and/or that driven by torque-converters by at least one valve.

30, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: conduit is by comprising that at the parts that constitute rubbing surface the structure that is provided with at least one parts in annular piston and/or the shell constitutes.

31, torque-converters according to claim 28 is characterized in that: the cross-sectional flow area of valve can change according to the pressure difference between two chambers.

32, torque-converters according to claim 31 is characterized in that: the cross-sectional flow area of valve diminishes along with the increase of the pressure difference between two chambers.

33, according to claim 28 described torque-converters, it is characterized in that: the movable direction of piston is arranged to be made of plastics or aluminium with the axial consistent or described valve of described torque-converters in the valve.

34, torque-converters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is not the subduplicate volume flowrate that is proportional to pressure difference between two chambers that valve has one.

35, torque-converters according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, it also can make an oil stream flow to first Room from second Room when rubbing surface axially contacts, wherein in first Room, be provided with an other radial wall, it axially is fixed on an opposite that limits the radial wall of first Room, and wherein oily flow path is to water conservancy diversion between these two axial each other relatively-stationary wall spares upcountry.

36, torque-converters according to claim 35 is characterized in that: be arranged on the opposite that wall in first Room axially is fixed on shell.

37, according to claim 35 or 36 described torque-converters, it is characterized in that: wall is axially fixed by a turbine hub.

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