CN105132705A - Method and device for remelting and refining metals by vacuum magnetic-control arc - Google Patents
Method and device for remelting and refining metals by vacuum magnetic-control arc Download PDFInfo
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- CN105132705A CN105132705A CN201510550879.1A CN201510550879A CN105132705A CN 105132705 A CN105132705 A CN 105132705A CN 201510550879 A CN201510550879 A CN 201510550879A CN 105132705 A CN105132705 A CN 105132705A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for remelting and refining metals by a vacuum magnetic-control arc. According to the method and the device, a magnetic field generator is applied on the tail end of a vacuum arc remelting electrode and the periphery of a metal melting pool; the magnetic field generator is composed of two groups of concentric coils; a direct current and an alternating current are charged respectively; and a static magnetic field component generated by charging the direct current forms an inhibition effect on charged particles which radially move, thus delaying generations of an inter-electrode ion-lacking phenomenon and anode spots, reducing the voltage and the energy of the arc, and preventing that an agglomerated arc is formed to remelt so that the local temperature of the electrode is too high to generate serious fusion and vaporization to influence metallurgical quality; meanwhile, the alternating magnetic field component generated by charging the alternating current is capable of forming a certain pressure gradient in the metal melting pool, and generating pressure wave broken dendrites; in additional, a certain included angle always exists between the alternating magnetic field and the current of the direct-current arc, so that a certain oscillation Lorentz force is formed, thus contributing to break dendrites, refine solidification structures and reduce cast ingot segregations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of secondary refining method and device, particularly relate to a kind of method and apparatus of Electro-Magnetic Metallurgy secondary refining, be applied to the preparation of metallic substance Electro-Magnetic Metallurgy and metallic substance Quality Control Technology field.
Background technology
Traditional vacuum arc remelting processing is metal electrode bar prepared by common smelting process, is melted rapidly under without slag vacuum condition and carry out resolidification by the high temperature action of direct current arc in water cooled copper mould crystallizer.When liquid metal forms the arc zone of molten drop by nearly 5000K in transition in crystallizer and process of setting with thin layer form, there is a series of physical-chemical reaction, vacuum, to stop the pollution to steel and alloy such as outside air and slag without melting under the condition of slag, the gas in steel and in alloy and low melting point harmful metal impurity can also be reduced, improve the cleanliness factor of seasoning metal, vacuum arc remelting process can reduce the content of hydrogen in metal, lead, bismuth, silver etc. effectively, and has certain denitrification ability.Make the scaling loss of the active element such as aluminium, titanium in reflow process few under the condition that in working chamber, oxygen partial pressure is extremely low, because arc district temperature is high, so can melting high melting point alloy.As a kind of desirable special material Secondary Refining Technology, in vacuum arc remelting process molten metal consecutive solidification from bottom to top and making fast regenerate in process of setting inclusion size tiny, be evenly distributed.By the conservative control of alloy solidification and crystallization process, can improve by alloy solidified structure, obtain the high-quality spindle that segregation degree is low, density is high.
Vacuum arc remelting is one of the gordian technique of the special material such as superalloy of smelting easy segregation, infusibility, achieves in the industrial production and applies comparatively widely.But, traditional vacuum arc remelting still comes with some shortcomings, can be divided into two types because the electric arc that produces under vacuum condition heavily divides by shape: divergent contour vacuum arc and gather shape vacuum arc, the former mainly occurs in low current process, and the latter occurs under higher current condition.According to correlation theory, the generation of vacuum arc is primarily of the spot electron emission that negative electrode is formed and produce metallic vapor, electronics and metallic vapor collide and produce new electronics and positive ion, thus formation arc plasma, can spread in charged particle anode moving process in vacuum electric arc column, thus form the coniform arc column that cone apex angle is 60 degree.Along with electric current increases, cathode spot increases, adjacent centrum overlaps, the particle bombardment anode be on the increase makes its surface temperature raise rapidly and produce anode spot, thus eject metallic vapor and the positive ion of positively charged, charged particle in vacuum electric arc column is sharply increased, specific conductivity increases, the arc stream of the arc column at anode spot place declines, the arc stream corresponding to other cathode spots is caused not maintain and to extinguish, cathode surface is only left the cathode spot with anode spot right opposite, is thus formed and gathers shape vacuum arc.Gathering shape vacuum arc makes anode cathode surface local heating violent, and cause serious fusion to be vaporized, alloying constituent is lost seriously and metallurgical quality is had a strong impact on.Take nickel base superalloy as the superalloy of representative, its complex chemical composition, very harsh to the control of component content.Therefore, how to strengthen and prevent from occurring in reflow process gathering shape vacuum arc, improve metallurgical quality further and remain vacuum arc remelting technique technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve prior art problem, the object of the invention is to the deficiency overcoming prior art existence, a kind of method and device of vacuum magnetic control electric arc remelting refining metal are provided, especially be applicable to high efficient secondary refining superalloy, effectively can improve the refining effect of superalloy and reduce ingotism.Because in traditional vacuum arc remelting fusion process, electric arc is easily excessively dispersed, cause interpolar ion deficient, arc voltage and arc energy sharply raise, bring out the formation of anode spot and occur gathering shape vacuum arc, make electrode surface non-uniform temperature, local heating is violent, causes serious fusion to be vaporized, and alloying constituent is lost seriously and metallurgical quality is subject to extreme influence.After the additional steady magnetic field of the present invention, vacuum arc electric current is subject to the charged particle that lorentz's force effect inhibits radial motion, serve stabilising arc effect, delay the generation of phenomenon that between electrode, ion is poor and anode spot, avoided the formation of and gather shape vacuum arc and " burning " phenomenon causing electrode local temperature too high.In addition, the present invention also produces electromagnetism squeezing action by additional alternating magnetic field to metal pool, and effective broken dendrite, plays Grain Refinement Effect, is conducive to the homogenizing of alloy composition, reduces ingotism.
Create object for reaching foregoing invention, the present invention conceives as follows:
Apply a magnetic field generator in vacuum arc remelting water cooled copper mould crystallizer periphery and provide magnetic field, utilize magnetic field and Interaction Law of Electric Current to produce lorentz's force, steady magnetic field effectively can avoid the formation of and gather shape vacuum arc generation electrode " burning " phenomenon.The present invention also induces induced current by alternating magnetic field in metal melt, forms electromagnetism squeezing action, be conducive to broken dendrite, thinning metal solidification texture by electromagnetic force to metal melt, reduces ingotism.
According to foregoing invention design, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of method of vacuum magnetic control electric arc remelting refining metal, adopt vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, to treat that the metal electrode bar of remelting refining is as consumable electrode, in vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus periphery, magnetic field generator is set, controlling magnetic field producer provides magnetic field to vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, to make bottom the metal pool band of position in consumable electrode bottom end region, crystallizer and consumable electrode and between the metal pool in crystallizer, region is all under the action of a magnetic field, specifically comprise the steps:
A. will treat that the metal electrode bar of refining is installed in the vacuum chamber of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, place one deck bottom the crystallizer internal cavity arranged in vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus and the metallic pack-ing that the metal electrode bar composition of refining is identical will be treated, by the aspirating hole of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus external vacuum pump, vacuum chamber is evacuated, regulate magnetic field generator to provide magnetic field, complete the preparation work of vacuum arc remelting;
B. after the preparation work of the vacuum arc remelting of completing steps a, metal electrode bar is driven to decline by the electrode feed mechanism of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, and the metallic pack-ing that in the bottom of metal electrode bar and crystallizer internal cavity, bottom is laid in advance is triggered, produce electric arc, start vacuum arc remelting;
C. after step b vacuum arc remelting starts, in the subsequent process of the vacuum arc remelting of metal electrode bar, by adjustment the action of a magnetic field region, relative position between metal electrode bar and resmelting ingot, keep the melting area of metal electrode bar, the solid-liquid interface of arc district and resmelting ingot is all arranged in the action of a magnetic field region, control arc melting electric current and metal electrode bar feed rate simultaneously, bottom metal electrode bar, termination produces stable electric arc, metal electrode bar is continued fusing, constantly to melt along with metal electrode bar and resmelting ingot constantly upwards grows, make the action of a magnetic field region gradually on move, metal electrode bar melting process and resmelting ingot process of setting is kept to be in all the time under the action of a magnetic field, until complete vacuum arc remelting process, namely vacuum arc remelting ingot is obtained.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, magnetic field generator provides magnetic induction density to be the magnetic field of 0.01 ~ 30T, the alternating magnetic field that magnetic field generator can produce stationary magnetic field, frequency is 0.01 ~ 10000Hz and frequency are the mixed magnetic field of any one magnetic field in the pulsed magnetic field of 0.01 ~ 10000Hz or any several magnetic field components, and field direction and metal electrode bar axial direction due are the angle of 0 ~ 180 degree.
As technical scheme preferred in technique scheme, magnetic field generator produces the mode generating magnetic field and adopts the combined method of any one method following or any several method: one adopts permanent magnet to gather magnetic mode to produce, also have one to be adopt solenoid, electro-magnet or iron yoke to produce magnetic field, separately have one be adopt superconducting coil and Bitter coil separately or mixing produce.
As technical scheme preferred in technique scheme, magnetic field generator forms with core coil by two groups, respectively to galvanic current logical in coil and alternating current, two groups provide time magnetic line of force direction to be steady magnetic field along metal electrode bar axis and axial alternating magnetic field with core coil simultaneously, by controlling magnetic field intensity, the concussion lorentz's force utilizing electromagnetic interaction to produce carries out induction stirring to the metal pool at resmelting ingot top, the solidified structure of refinement resmelting ingot.
As technical scheme preferred in technique scheme, treat that the material of the metal electrode bar of remelting refining is the alloy of any one active metal in titanium, zirconium, molybdenum and tungsten or any several metal.
As technical scheme preferred in technique scheme, treat that the material of the metal electrode bar of remelting refining is high temperature steel, stainless steel, tool steel or bearing steel.
The present invention also provides a kind of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, comprise electrode feed mechanism, vacuum (-tight) housing, aspirating hole, water cooled copper mould crystallizer, cooling water jacket of crystallizer device and power supply, vacuum (-tight) housing becomes vacuum chamber as the shell closed of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, aspirating hole is arranged on vacuum (-tight) housing, vacuum chamber connects vacuum pump by aspirating hole, in For Remelting Metals process, vacuum chamber is continued to vacuumize, to treat that the metal electrode bar of remelting refining is installed on the bottom inboardend of the electrode feed mechanism in vacuum chamber as consumable electrode, metal electrode bar carries out position control by electrode feed mechanism and rising or falling speed controls, cooling water jacket of crystallizer device is arranged at water cooled copper mould crystallizer outer wall surrounding, cooling water jacket of crystallizer device is provided with water-in and the water outlet of recirculated water, water-in connects the water source of recirculated water, water outlet connects outer water trough, by recirculated water, water cooled copper mould crystallizer wall is cooled, in water cooled copper mould crystallizer, the molten metal that after metal electrode bar fusing, drippage is formed solidifies formation resmelting ingot, the positive pole of power supply and negative pole to conduct electricity with metal electrode bar and water cooled copper mould crystallizer wall with cable respectively and are connected, arc melting process is in vacuum chamber carry out, arc stability in vacuum chamber is kept by control electrode feed mechanism and power supply, and magnetic field generator formation vacuum magnetic control electric arc remelting system is set in vacuum (-tight) housing periphery, controlling magnetic field producer applies magnetic field in vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, make metal electrode bar bottom end region, electric arc formation zone bottom the metal melt band of position in water cooled copper mould crystallizer and metal electrode bar and between the metal pool in water cooled copper mould crystallizer is all under the action of a magnetic field, when carrying out vacuum arc melting, in water cooled copper mould crystallizer internal cavity, bottom is placed one deck and will be treated the metallic pack-ing that the metal electrode bar composition of refining is identical in advance, metal electrode bar is driven to decline by electrode feed mechanism, and the metallic pack-ing laid in advance bottom metal electrode bar bottom end and water cooled copper mould crystallizer internal cavity is triggered, produce electric arc, start vacuum arc remelting, in follow-up vacuum arc remelting process, by adjustment the action of a magnetic field region, relative position between metal electrode bar and resmelting ingot, keep the melting area of metal electrode bar, arc district and resmelting ingot top solid-liquid interface are all arranged in the action of a magnetic field region, control arc melting electric current and the metal electrode bar feed rate of power supply output simultaneously, bottom metal electrode bar, termination produces stable electric arc, metal electrode bar is continued fusing, constantly to melt along with metal electrode bar and resmelting ingot constantly upwards grows, make the action of a magnetic field region gradually on move, keep metal electrode bar melting process and resmelting ingot process of setting to be in all the time under the action of a magnetic field and carry out vacuum arc remelting process.
As technical scheme preferred in technique scheme, magnetic field generator adopts permanent magnet to gather magnetic mode and produce magnetic field, or adopts solenoid, electro-magnet or iron yoke to produce magnetic field, or adopt superconducting coil and Bitter coil separately or mixing produce magnetic field.
As technical scheme preferred in technique scheme, magnetic field generator forms with core coil by two groups, respectively to galvanic current logical in coil and alternating current, two groups provide time magnetic line of force direction to be steady magnetic field along metal electrode bar axis and axial alternating magnetic field with core coil simultaneously, by regulating magnetic field generator controlling magnetic field intensity, the concussion lorentz's force utilizing electromagnetic interaction to produce carries out induction stirring to the metal pool at resmelting ingot top, the nascent solidified structure of refinement resmelting ingot.
As technical scheme preferred in technique scheme, power acquisition adjusting pressuring dc power, for vacuum arc remelting process provides galvanic current.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following apparent outstanding substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage:
1. compare traditional vacuum arc remelting technique, the present invention controls vacuum arc remelting by externally-applied magnetic field, wherein adopting mixed magnetic field to control the steady magnetic field composition of vacuum arc remelting can stable arc, prevent electric arc from excessively dispersing or excessively assembling, and then delayed the generation of ion scarcity and anode spot between electrode, avoid the formation of and gather shape vacuum arc and " burning " phenomenon causing the too high generation of electrode local temperature, thus effectively inhibit metal electrode partial melting to vaporize, prevent alloying constituent from losing serious and metallurgical quality and be affected;
2. the present invention is in vacuum arc remelting process, arc length is the important parameter affecting remelting refining effect, not only determine the electrical parameter of current supply circuit, also determine the melting rate of metal electrode, under the prerequisite keeping arc stability, suitably carry out short electric arc remelting to be conducive to improving remelting efficiency, reduce energy consumption, reduce electric arc fluctuation, thus promote resmelting ingot quality, but during short electric arc remelting due to metal electrode and metal pool surface gap less, easily cause short circuit because of the gathering of molten drop;
3. the present invention acts on electric arc reflow process by additional mixed magnetic field, wherein alternating magnetic field composition induces induced current in molten drop, squeezing action is formed to molten drop, electromagnetic induction principle is utilized to form electromagnetic exciting effect to molten drop, molten drop is impelled to drip, prevent the gathering of large molten drop and realize short arc melting, improving refining effect, reducing energy consumption;
4. the alternating magnetic field composition in the additional mixed magnetic field of the present invention can induce induced current in Metal Melting, electromagnetism squeezing action is formed, effective broken dendrite, thinning metal solidification texture because Electromagnetic heating effect produces Flow Modalisy of Molten Metal, accelerate Bath Heat-Transfer, reduce ingotism.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of preferred embodiment of the present invention vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus.
Fig. 2 is that the preferred embodiment of the present invention improves the form schematic diagram applying vacuum arc before and after magnetic field when electric arc outwards disperses.
Fig. 3 is the form schematic diagram that the preferred embodiment of the present invention applies vacuum arc before and after magnetic field when improving electric arc concentrations.
Fig. 4 is that schematic diagram is solidified in the ingot casting vertical section of the additional mixed magnetic field of the preferred embodiment of the present invention to the thin brilliant effect of metal melt.
Fig. 5 is A-A direction view in Fig. 4.
Embodiment
Details are as follows for the preferred embodiments of the present invention:
In the present embodiment, see Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 5, a kind of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, comprise electrode feed mechanism 1, vacuum (-tight) housing 2, aspirating hole 4, water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6, cooling water jacket of crystallizer device and power supply 11, power supply 11 adopts adjusting pressuring dc power, vacuum (-tight) housing 2 becomes vacuum chamber 3 as the shell closed of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, aspirating hole 4 is arranged on vacuum (-tight) housing 2, vacuum chamber 3 connects vacuum pump by aspirating hole 4, in For Remelting Metals process, vacuum chamber 3 is continued to vacuumize, to treat that the metal electrode bar 5 of remelting refining is installed on the bottom inboardend of the electrode feed mechanism 1 in vacuum chamber 3 as consumable electrode, metal electrode bar 5 carries out position control by electrode feed mechanism 1 and rising or falling speed controls, water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 internal diameter is Φ 500mm, cooling water jacket of crystallizer device is arranged at water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 outer wall surrounding, cooling water jacket of crystallizer device is provided with water-in 9 and the water outlet 10 of recirculated water, water-in 9 connects the water source of recirculated water, water outlet 10 connects outer water trough, by recirculated water, water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 wall is cooled, in water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6, the molten metal that metal electrode bar 5 melts rear drippage formation solidifies formation resmelting ingot 8, the positive pole of power supply 11 and negative pole to conduct electricity with metal electrode bar 5 and water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 wall with cable respectively and are connected, arc melting process is in vacuum chamber 3 carry out, the electric arc 12 generated in vacuum chamber 3 is kept to stablize by control electrode feed mechanism 1 and power supply 11, and magnetic field generator 7 is set in vacuum (-tight) housing 2 periphery forms vacuum magnetic control electric arc remelting system, controlling magnetic field producer 7 applies magnetic field in vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, make metal electrode bar 5 bottom end region, electric arc formation zone bottom the metal melt band of position in water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 and metal electrode bar 5 and between the metal pool in water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 is all under the action of a magnetic field, when carrying out vacuum arc melting, place one deck at water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 intracavity bottom in advance and the metallic pack-ing that metal electrode bar 5 composition of refining is identical will be treated, metal electrode bar 5 is driven to decline by electrode feed mechanism 1, and the metallic pack-ing that in metal electrode bar 5 bottom end and water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 inner chamber, bottom is laid in advance is triggered, produce electric arc 12, start vacuum arc remelting, in follow-up vacuum arc remelting process, by adjustment the action of a magnetic field region, relative position between metal electrode bar 5 and resmelting ingot 8, keep the melting area of metal electrode bar 5, arc district and resmelting ingot 8 top solid-liquid interface are all arranged in the action of a magnetic field region, control arc melting electric current and metal electrode bar 5 feed rate of power supply 11 output simultaneously, bottom metal electrode bar 5, termination produces stable electric arc 12, metal electrode bar 5 is continued fusing, along with metal electrode bar 5, constantly fusing and resmelting ingot 8 constantly upwards grow, make the action of a magnetic field region gradually on move, keep metal electrode bar 5 melting process and resmelting ingot 8 process of setting to be in all the time under the action of a magnetic field and carry out vacuum arc remelting process.
In the present embodiment, see Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 5, magnetic field generator 7 forms with core coil by two groups, respectively to galvanic current logical in coil and alternating current, two groups provide time magnetic line of force direction to be steady magnetic field along metal electrode bar 5 axis and axial alternating magnetic field with core coil simultaneously, by regulating magnetic field generator 7 controlling magnetic field intensity, the metal pool at the concussion lorentz's force utilizing electromagnetic interaction to produce 15 pairs of resmelting ingot 8 tops carries out induction stirring, the nascent solidified structure of refinement resmelting ingot 8.Apply axial steady magnetic field and alternating magnetic field in crystallizer periphery in electric arc reflow process simultaneously, utilize the compound action of magnetic field and electric current, stabilization is played to electric arc 12, avoid gathering the formation of shape vacuum arc and produce " burning " phenomenon, electromagnetism squeezing action is formed to metal pool, effective broken dendrite, thinning solidification structure, reduce ingotism, improve secondary refining effect.The present embodiment, by controlling magnetic field intensity, suppresses to gather shape electric arc and produces, utilize electromagnetism extrusion effect by dendrite fragmentation, refinement resmelting ingot solidified structure.
In the present embodiment, see Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 5, a kind of method of vacuum magnetic control electric arc remelting refining metal, adopt the present embodiment vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, to treat that the GCr15 bearing steel of remelting refining is as consumable electrode material, GCr15 bearing steel is cast by Φ 300mm, the metal electrode bar 5 of length 1000mm, keep the arc stability generated in vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, and magnetic field generator 7 is set in vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus periphery, controlling magnetic field producer 7 applies magnetic field in vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, make metal electrode bar 5 bottom end region, region is all under the action of a magnetic field bottom the metal pool band of position in water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 and water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 and between the metal pool in water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6, specifically comprise the steps:
A. will treat that the metal electrode bar 5 of refining is installed in the vacuum chamber 3 of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 intracavity bottom arranged in vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus is placed one deck and will be treated the GCr15 bearing steel bedding and padding that metal electrode bar 5 composition of refining is identical, by the aspirating hole of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus external vacuum pump, vacuum chamber 3 is evacuated, water coolant is passed into from water-in 9, metal electrode bar 5 upper end and water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 are connected respectively positive pole and the negative pole of power supply 11 with cable, direct current and alternating-current is led to in core coil respectively toward two in magnetic field generator 7 group, make two groups of coils produce axial steady magnetic field and alternating magnetic field respectively simultaneously, regulate size of current, the steady magnetic induction density produced is 0.5T, alternating magnetic field intensity is 0.8T, direction is parallel to the axis of electrode bar 5 metal to be refined, complete the preparation work of vacuum arc remelting,
B. after the preparation work of the vacuum arc remelting of completing steps a, metal electrode bar 5 is driven to decline by the electrode feed mechanism 1 of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, and the GCr15 bearing steel bedding and padding that in the bottom of metal electrode bar 5 and water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 inner chamber, bottom is laid in advance are triggered, produce electric arc, start vacuum arc remelting;
C. after step b vacuum arc remelting starts, in the subsequent process of the vacuum arc remelting of metal electrode bar 5, by adjustment the action of a magnetic field region, relative position between metal electrode bar and resmelting ingot, make the melting area of the metal electrode bar 5 of the GCr15 bearing steel treating refining, arc district, the solid-liquid interface on resmelting ingot 8 top is all arranged in the action of a magnetic field region, control arc melting electric current and metal electrode bar 5 feed rate simultaneously, bottom metal electrode bar 5, termination produces stable electric arc, metal electrode bar 5 is continued fusing, controlling magnetic field intensity, along with metal electrode bar 5, constantly fusing and resmelting ingot constantly upwards grow, make the action of a magnetic field region gradually on move, metal electrode bar 5 melting process and resmelting ingot process of setting is kept to be in all the time under the action of a magnetic field, at the end of electric arc remelting, powered-down 11, at the end of to be solidified, close magnetic field generator 7, after resmelting ingot 8 cools completely, close water-in 9 and water outlet 10, from water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6, take out resmelting ingot 8, can high cleanliness be obtained, the GCr15 bearing steel vacuum arc remelting ingot of low degree of segregation, grain refining.
Adopt the method for refining superalloy of the present invention, a magnetic field generator 7 is applied in crystallizer periphery, apply axial steady magnetic field and axial alternating magnetic field in water cooled copper mould crystallizer 6 periphery, the magnetic line of force 13 that steady magnetic field produces can retrain vacuum arc 12, avoids electric arc to disperse simultaneously.As shown in Fig. 2 ~ Fig. 5, when not applying magnetic field, easily occur in vacuum arc that charged particle is radially dispersed or the phenomenon of inside concentrations, this all can cause gathering the appearance of shape electric arc and produce serious " scaling loss " to metallic element, owing to being subject to lorentz's force effect in steady magnetic field, charging particle movement track is forced to change, thus fly to metal melt with spiral trajectory, thus make electric arc 12 comparatively stable, be dispersed in more uniformly between metal electrode bar 5 and metal melt.Simultaneously, the magnetic line of force 18 that alternating magnetic field produces can induce induced current 14 in metal melt, the magnetic line of force 13 that induced current 14 and steady magnetic field produce interacts, produce totally centripetal alternation lorentz's force 15, pressure wave 16 is produced in metal melt 8 under the concussion of alternation lorentz's force 15, under the compound action of alternation lorentz's force 15 and pressure wave 16, the dendrite 17 that forward position, broken solidification of metal melt interface is growing.The steady magnetic field composition that in the coil of the present embodiment, logical galvanic current produces is to the charged particle restraining effect of radially moving, delay the generation of the poor phenomenon of ion and anode spot between electrode, reduce arc voltage and arc energy, prevent formation from gathering shape electric arc and carry out remelting and cause electrode local temperature too high and produce serious fusion vaporization and affect metallurgical quality.Meanwhile, the alternating magnetic field that in coil, indirect current miscarriage is raw can form certain pressure gradient in metal pool, produces the broken dendrite of pressure wave.In addition, always there is certain angle in alternating magnetic field and direct current arc electric current, therefore can form certain concussion lorentz's force 15, contribute to smashing dendrite, thinning solidification structure, reduces ingotism.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated above; but the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment; multiple change can also be made according to the object of innovation and creation of the present invention; change, the modification made under all spirit according to technical solution of the present invention and principle, substitute, combination or simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence; as long as goal of the invention according to the invention; only otherwise deviate from the method for vacuum magnetic control electric arc remelting refining metal of the present invention and the know-why of device and inventive concept, all protection scope of the present invention is belonged to.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a vacuum magnetic control electric arc remelting refining metal, adopt vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, to treat that the metal electrode bar of remelting refining is as consumable electrode, it is characterized in that, in vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus periphery, magnetic field generator is set, controlling magnetic field producer provides magnetic field to vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, to make bottom the metal pool band of position in consumable electrode bottom end region, crystallizer and consumable electrode and between the metal pool in crystallizer, region is all under the action of a magnetic field, specifically comprise the steps:
A. will treat that the metal electrode bar of refining is installed in the vacuum chamber of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, place one deck bottom the crystallizer internal cavity arranged in vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus and the metallic pack-ing that the metal electrode bar composition of refining is identical will be treated, by the aspirating hole of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus external vacuum pump, vacuum chamber is evacuated, regulate magnetic field generator to provide magnetic field, complete the preparation work of vacuum arc remelting;
B. after the preparation work of vacuum arc remelting completing described step a, metal electrode bar is driven to decline by the electrode feed mechanism of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, and the metallic pack-ing that in the bottom of metal electrode bar and crystallizer internal cavity, bottom is laid in advance is triggered, produce electric arc, start vacuum arc remelting;
C. after described step b vacuum arc remelting starts, in the subsequent process of the vacuum arc remelting of metal electrode bar, by adjustment the action of a magnetic field region, relative position between metal electrode bar and resmelting ingot, keep the melting area of metal electrode bar, the solid-liquid interface of arc district and resmelting ingot is all arranged in the action of a magnetic field region, control arc melting electric current and metal electrode bar feed rate simultaneously, bottom metal electrode bar, termination produces stable electric arc, metal electrode bar is continued fusing, constantly to melt along with metal electrode bar and resmelting ingot constantly upwards grows, make the action of a magnetic field region gradually on move, metal electrode bar melting process and resmelting ingot process of setting is kept to be in all the time under the action of a magnetic field, until complete vacuum arc remelting process, namely vacuum arc remelting ingot is obtained.
2. the method for vacuum magnetic control electric arc remelting refining metal according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: magnetic field generator provides magnetic induction density to be the magnetic field of 0.01 ~ 30T, the alternating magnetic field that magnetic field generator can produce stationary magnetic field, frequency is 0.01 ~ 10000Hz and frequency are the mixed magnetic field of any one magnetic field in the pulsed magnetic field of 0.01 ~ 10000Hz or any several magnetic field components, and field direction and metal electrode bar axial direction due are the angle of 0 ~ 180 degree.
3. the method for vacuum magnetic control electric arc remelting refining metal according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the mode that magnetic field generator produces magnetic field adopts the combined method of any one method following or any several method: one adopts permanent magnet to gather magnetic mode to produce, also have one to be adopt solenoid, electro-magnet or iron yoke to produce magnetic field, separately have one be adopt superconducting coil and Bitter coil separately or mixing produce.
4. according to the method for vacuum magnetic control electric arc remelting refining metal described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: magnetic field generator forms with core coil by two groups, respectively to galvanic current logical in coil and alternating current, two groups provide time magnetic line of force direction to be steady magnetic field along metal electrode bar axis and axial alternating magnetic field with core coil simultaneously, by controlling magnetic field intensity, the concussion lorentz's force utilizing electromagnetic interaction to produce carries out induction stirring to the metal pool at resmelting ingot top, the solidified structure of refinement resmelting ingot.
5., according to the method for vacuum magnetic control electric arc remelting refining metal described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described in treat that the material of the metal electrode bar of remelting refining is the alloy of any one active metal in titanium, zirconium, molybdenum and tungsten or any several metal.
6., according to the method for vacuum magnetic control electric arc remelting refining metal described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described in treat that the material of the metal electrode bar of remelting refining is high temperature steel, stainless steel, tool steel or bearing steel.
7. a vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, comprise electrode feed mechanism (1), vacuum (-tight) housing (2), aspirating hole (4), water cooled copper mould crystallizer (6), cooling water jacket of crystallizer device and power supply (11), described vacuum (-tight) housing (2) becomes vacuum chamber (3) as the shell closed of vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, described aspirating hole (4) is arranged on vacuum (-tight) housing (2), vacuum chamber (3) connects vacuum pump by aspirating hole (4), in For Remelting Metals process, vacuum chamber (3) is continued to vacuumize, to treat that the metal electrode bar (5) of remelting refining is installed on the bottom inboardend of the electrode feed mechanism (1) in vacuum chamber (3) as consumable electrode, metal electrode bar (5) carries out position control by described electrode feed mechanism (1) and rising or falling speed controls, described cooling water jacket of crystallizer device is arranged at described water cooled copper mould crystallizer (6) outer wall surrounding, described cooling water jacket of crystallizer device is provided with water-in (9) and the water outlet (10) of recirculated water, described water-in (9) connects the water source of recirculated water, described water outlet (10) connects outer water trough, by recirculated water, described water cooled copper mould crystallizer (6) wall is cooled, in described water cooled copper mould crystallizer (6), the molten metal that after metal electrode bar (5) fusing, drippage is formed solidifies and forms resmelting ingot (8), the positive pole of described power supply (11) and negative pole to conduct electricity with described metal electrode bar (5) and described water cooled copper mould crystallizer (6) wall with cable respectively and are connected, arc melting process is in vacuum chamber (3) carry out, it is characterized in that: keep vacuum chamber (3) interior electric arc (12) to stablize by control electrode feed mechanism (1) and power supply (11), and magnetic field generator (7) formation vacuum magnetic control electric arc remelting system is set in vacuum (-tight) housing (2) periphery, control described magnetic field generator (7) and apply magnetic field in vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus, make metal electrode bar (5) bottom end region, the metal melt band of position in water cooled copper mould crystallizer (6) and metal electrode bar (5) bottom and water cooled copper mould crystallizer (6) in metal pool between electric arc formation zone be all under the action of a magnetic field, when carrying out vacuum arc melting, in water cooled copper mould crystallizer (6) inner chamber, bottom is placed one deck and will be treated the metallic pack-ing that metal electrode bar (5) composition of refining is identical in advance, metal electrode bar (5) is driven to decline by electrode feed mechanism (1), and the metallic pack-ing that in metal electrode bar (5) bottom end and water cooled copper mould crystallizer (6) inner chamber, bottom is laid in advance is triggered, produce electric arc (12), start vacuum arc remelting, in follow-up vacuum arc remelting process, by adjustment the action of a magnetic field region, relative position between metal electrode bar (5) and resmelting ingot (8), keep the melting area of metal electrode bar (5), arc district and resmelting ingot (8) top solid-liquid interface are all arranged in the action of a magnetic field region, control arc melting electric current that power supply (11) exports and metal electrode bar (5) feed rate simultaneously, stable electric arc (12) is produced in termination, metal electrode bar (5) bottom, metal electrode bar (5) is continued fusing, along with metal electrode bar (5), constantly fusing and resmelting ingot (8) constantly upwards grow, make the action of a magnetic field region gradually on move, keep metal electrode bar (5) melting process and resmelting ingot (8) process of setting to be in all the time under the action of a magnetic field and carry out vacuum arc remelting process.
8. vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described magnetic field generator (7) adopts permanent magnet to gather magnetic mode and produces magnetic field, or adopt solenoid, electro-magnet or iron yoke to produce magnetic field, or adopt superconducting coil and Bitter coil separately or mixing produce magnetic field.
9. vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described magnetic field generator (7) forms with core coil by two groups, respectively to galvanic current logical in coil and alternating current, two groups provide time magnetic line of force direction to be along the axial steady magnetic field of metal electrode bar (5) and axial alternating magnetic field with core coil simultaneously, by regulating magnetic field generator (7) controlling magnetic field intensity, the metal pool of concussion lorentz's force (15) to resmelting ingot (8) top utilizing electromagnetic interaction to produce carries out induction stirring, the nascent solidified structure of refinement resmelting ingot (8).
10. according to vacuum electric arc remelting apparatus described in any one in claim 7 ~ 9, it is characterized in that: described power supply (11) adopts adjusting pressuring dc power, for vacuum arc remelting process provides galvanic current.
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| CN105624419A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-06-01 | 应达工业（上海）有限公司 | Vacuum arc remelting furnace |
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