CN212645345U - Crucible for induction melting of titanium and titanium alloy - Google Patents
Crucible for induction melting of titanium and titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN212645345U CN212645345U CN201921945832.5U CN201921945832U CN212645345U CN 212645345 U CN212645345 U CN 212645345U CN 201921945832 U CN201921945832 U CN 201921945832U CN 212645345 U CN212645345 U CN 212645345U
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Abstract
A crucible for induction melting of titanium and titanium alloys structurally comprises: the crucible induction coil is composed of a fan-shaped crucible furnace tube, a ceramic insulating layer, a crucible induction coil, a side wall self-furnace lining layer, a copper crucible furnace bottom and the like. The crucible wall is formed by splicing the pipe bodies of a plurality of fan-shaped pipes, a high-temperature heat-resistant ceramic insulator is arranged between every two adjacent fan-shaped pipes, each fan-shaped pipe is of a hollow structure, one end of each fan-shaped pipe is connected with a cooling water inlet, the other end of each fan-shaped pipe is embedded into a crucible bottom block, and the bottom block is of an integral cake-shaped structure. The crucible of the utility model melts titanium and titanium alloy furnace charge through the gap effect and the proximity effect, and forms a self-generating furnace liner through the skull, thereby solving the problems that the furnace liner has large pollution to titanium alloy liquid, the quality of the titanium alloy liquid is poor, and qualified titanium and titanium alloy cast ingots cannot be produced; the problems of low electric efficiency and low heating power of furnace burden of the induction smelting are solved, and the smelting efficiency is improved by 1.5 times compared with that of a vacuum consumable electrode electric arc furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a founding device for titanium and titanium alloy founding process belongs to non ferrous metal processing technology field, especially relates to a crucible of titanium and titanium alloy is smelted in response.
Background
Titanium is a refractory active metal, the melting point is 1668 ℃, the melting temperature is generally 1800-2000 ℃, and titanium alloy can not be melted by adopting general fuel and a heating method. The common refractory lining is Al2O3、MgO、SiO2Under the conditions of high temperature above 1700 ℃ and vacuum, the oxides of metals such as CaO, ZrO and the like can be softened and easily decomposed, so that the service life of the refractory lining is reduced and even the refractory lining is collapsed integrally, the decomposition products of oxygen and metallic aluminum, zirconium and the like can pollute molten metal of titanium and titanium alloy, and the decomposition reaction formula of the oxides is as follows:
2Al2O3= 4Al+3﹝O﹞
MgO= Mg+〔O〕
CaO= Ca+〔O〕
ZrO=Zr+〔O〕
under high temperature, titanium has extremely strong chemical activity, can deprive oxygen from refractory material furnace lining oxide, reduces the service life of the refractory furnace lining, and influences the quality of ingot casting products.
2 SiO2 +〔Ti〕= 2 SiO↑+ TiO2
2Al2O3 +3〔Ti〕= 4〔Al〕+3 TiO2
Under the condition of high temperature, aluminum in the alloy can perform a displacement reaction with a magnesium oxide furnace lining, generated magnesium metal is evaporated, the displacement reaction is accelerated, the furnace lining loss is accelerated, the service life of the refractory furnace lining is reduced, and the loss of the alloy element aluminum is increased.
3MgO +2〔Al〕= Mg↑+ Al2O3
Under the conditions of high temperature, vacuum and the like, refractory material furnace lining oxide can be softened and easily decomposed, titanium and alloy elements can also have violent chemical reaction with the refractory material furnace lining oxide to replace metals in the furnace lining oxide, so that alloy liquid absorbs oxygen to pollute titanium melt, and a common smelting device and a common refractory furnace lining cannot contain liquid metal titanium and cannot be smelted to obtain a qualified titanium alloy ingot.
When the electric arc furnace is adopted to smelt titanium and titanium alloy, the defects of large area of a molten pool, low melting point and high vapor pressure of alloy elements such as large volatilization loss exist; the molten pool is shallow, the alloy is kept for a very short time in a high-temperature period, and high-density and low-density impurities are solidified into the cast ingot without separation. Because the electron beam furnace has high melting temperature and high vacuum degree, the aluminum volatilization loss is large when the aluminum-containing alloy is melted, and the control of the alloy components is difficult.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a crucible for induction melting titanium and titanium alloy aiming at the defects.
The above object is achieved by the following principle: the crucible with a special structure is cooled by water, a layer of metal solidified shell is formed on the inner surface of the crucible, the metal solidified shell is used as a furnace lining, and titanium alloy on the inner side of the solidified shell are smelted by using an induction coil on the outer side of the crucible, so that the titanium alloy liquid can be prevented from being polluted by refractory materials and crucible metal.
The specific implementation scheme is as follows: the problem that the induction smelting process cannot be carried out is solved by firstly concentrating heat in a crucible area due to the skin effect of current and taking away most of heat of an induction furnace by cooling water. A self-generated furnace lining of a titanium alloy skull is formed between the inner wall of the crucible spliced by the fan-shaped pipes and the titanium alloy furnace burden, so that the melting power is mainly concentrated on the titanium and titanium alloy furnace burden, and the problems of low induction melting electric efficiency, large pollution of the furnace lining to titanium alloy liquid, poor quality of the titanium alloy liquid and incapability of producing qualified titanium and titanium alloy ingots are solved.
The utility model provides a crucible of induction melting titanium and titanium alloy which characterized in that, the device structure includes: 1# sector crucible furnace tube 1, 1# ceramic insulating layer 1a, 2# sector crucible furnace tube 2, 2# ceramic insulating layer 2a, 3# sector crucible furnace tube 3, 3# ceramic insulating layer 3a, 4# sector crucible furnace tube 4, 4# ceramic insulating layer 4a, 5# sector crucible furnace tube 5, 5# ceramic insulating layer 5a, 6# sector crucible furnace tube 6, 6# ceramic insulating layer 6a, 7# sector crucible furnace tube 7, 7# ceramic insulating layer 7a, 8# sector crucible furnace tube 8, 8# ceramic insulating layer 8a, 9# sector crucible furnace tube 9, 9# ceramic insulating layer 9a, 10# sector crucible furnace tube 10, crucible induction coil 11, induction coil power-in end 11a, induction coil power-out end 11b, side wall from furnace lining layer 12, copper crucible furnace bottom 13 and the like. An apparatus for induction melting of titanium and titanium alloys with self-lining function, see fig. 1.
The device is characterized in that the crucible wall for smelting titanium and titanium alloy is not an integral cylinder, but is a combined copper crucible formed by splicing a plurality of sector tube bodies, the crucible shown in figure 1 is formed by splicing 18 sector tube bodies (18 sector tube bodies such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and the like), a high-temperature heat-resistant ceramic insulator is arranged between every two adjacent sector tubes (the whole crucible has 18 high-temperature heat-resistant ceramic insulators such as 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a and the like), an induced current loop on the crucible wall is cut off by the high-temperature heat-resistant ceramic insulator, the current skin effect on the crucible is eliminated, the integral copper crucible is prevented from being heated firstly, the problems that the current on the crucible is too high, the heat of cooling water is too much and the heat efficiency is too low are solved, the smelting process can not be carried out.
The device is characterized in that the fan-shaped pipes forming the crucible are all of a hollow structure, one end of the pipe body is connected with cooling water inlets (1 b, 10b and the like), the other end of the pipe body is embedded into the bottom 13 of the copper crucible and is communicated with a water outlet loop at the bottom of the crucible, the middle parts of the pipes are cooling water channels (1 c, 10c and the like), and cooling water flows out from water outlets (1 d, 10 d) at the bottom of the crucible.
The device is characterized in that the bottom 13 of the copper crucible is of an integral cake-shaped structure, the periphery of the cake is provided with connecting ports 14 with fan-shaped pipes, each fan-shaped pipe is provided with an independent connecting port, and radial cooling water channels 14a are arranged along the radial direction of the bottom of the crucible, as shown in figure 2. The water outlet at the bottom of the crucible has two structures, one structure is that an annular water channel is arranged at the bottom of the whole crucible, cooling water enters the fan-shaped tube from the water inlets (1 b, 10b and the like) of the fan-shaped crucible furnace tube, enters the water channel 14a at the bottom of the crucible through the cooling water channels (1 c, 10c and the like) and the connecting port 14 of the crucible bottom and the fan-shaped tube, and flows out from the annular water outlet 14b at the bottom of the crucible, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3. One has a separate water outlet for each fan-shaped tube, and the cooling water at the bottom of the crucible flows out of the crucible from the water outlets (1 d, 10d, etc.) of the furnace tubes of the fan-shaped crucible, as shown in FIG. 3.
According to the above apparatus, when current flows in from the induction coil inlet end 11a of the crucible induction coil 11 and flows out from the induction coil outlet end 11b, no loop is formed on the whole crucible because the sector pipes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, etc. are insulated from each other, but induced current is generated in the cross section of each sector pipe 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, etc. and the induced current generated in the cross section of each two adjacent sector pipes is opposite in direction, due to the proximity effect of current, the magnetic field of induced current generated by each sector pipe passing through the adjacent slit is strengthened at the crucible hollow portion A, a strengthened magnetic field is formed at the crucible middle portion A, so that the electromagnetic effect of the crucible induction coil 11 acts on the titanium and titanium alloy burden at the crucible middle portion A, the more the sector pipes constituting the crucible wall, the more the slits 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, etc. are formed, the stronger the magnetic field strengthening effect by the slits is, and the strengthened electromagnetic field promotes the rapid melting of the charge.
According to the device, when the crucible melts titanium and titanium alloy furnace materials through the gap effect and the proximity effect, the fan- shaped pipes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and the like of the spliced crucible and the heat-resistant insulating ceramics 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a and the like are respectively cooled by water, so that the titanium and titanium alloy furnace materials in the middle of the crucible are melted, and an autogenous furnace lining of a titanium alloy skull is formed between the inner wall of the crucible and the titanium alloy furnace materials due to the cooling effect of the fan-shaped pipes, so that the problems that the furnace lining pollutes titanium alloy liquid greatly, the quality of the titanium alloy liquid is poor, and qualified titanium and titanium alloy ingots cannot be produced are solved.
According to the device, the method for splicing the crucible by the fan-shaped tube is characterized in that the fan-shaped tube and the fan-shaped tube are insulated, so that the melting power is mainly concentrated on titanium and titanium alloy furnace charges, the problems of low electric efficiency of induction melting and over-low heating power of the furnace charges are solved, and the melting efficiency is improved by 1.5 times compared with that of a vacuum consumable arc furnace.
According to above-mentioned device, its characterized in that, the cooling water among sector pipe and the insulating ceramic, quality of water are industrial soft water, prevent that the mineral substance that the aquatic dissolved from deposiing, scale deposit from blockking up the pipeline, influence the cooling effect and lead to supplying water to interrupt and cause the accident.
Use the utility model discloses a crucible of titanium and titanium alloy is smelted in response, when smelting titanium and titanium alloy, adopts the combination copper crucible that splices into by the body of polylith fan-shaped pipe, melts titanium and titanium alloy furnace charge through gap effect and adjacent effect, because of the cooling action of fan-shaped pipe, forms the autogenous furnace wall of titanium alloy skull, and it is big to have solved the furnace wall and has polluted titanium alloy liquid, and titanium alloy liquid quality is poor, the difficult problem of unable qualified titanium of production and titanium alloy ingot casting. The melting power is mainly concentrated on the titanium and titanium alloy furnace charge by insulation among the fan-shaped tubes, the problems of low electric efficiency of induction melting and over-low heating power of the furnace charge are solved, and the melting efficiency is improved by 1.5 times compared with that of a vacuum consumable electric arc furnace.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a crucible for induction melting of titanium and titanium alloys;
FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of a crucible for induction melting titanium and titanium alloy;
FIG. 3 is a sectional elevation view of an induction melting crucible for titanium and titanium alloy.
Detailed Description
The structure schematic diagram of the crucible device for induction melting titanium and titanium alloy is shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3.
The principle of the crucible for induction melting of titanium and titanium alloy is as follows: the crucible with a special structure is cooled by water, a layer of metal solidified shell is formed on the inner surface of the crucible, the metal solidified shell is used as a furnace lining, and titanium alloy on the inner side of the solidified shell are smelted by using an induction coil on the outer side of the crucible, so that the titanium alloy liquid can be effectively prevented from being polluted by refractory materials and crucible metal.
The specific implementation scheme is as follows: the problem that the induction smelting process cannot be carried out is solved by firstly concentrating heat in a crucible area due to the skin effect of current and taking away most of heat of an induction furnace by cooling water. A self-generated furnace lining of a titanium alloy skull is formed between the inner wall of the crucible spliced by the fan-shaped pipes and the titanium alloy furnace burden, so that the melting power is mainly concentrated on the titanium and titanium alloy furnace burden, and the problems of low induction melting electric efficiency, large pollution of the furnace lining to titanium alloy liquid, poor quality of the titanium alloy liquid and incapability of producing qualified titanium and titanium alloy ingots are solved.
The device structure includes: 1# sector crucible furnace tube 1, 1# ceramic insulating layer 1a, 2# sector crucible furnace tube 2, 2# ceramic insulating layer 2a, 3# sector crucible furnace tube 3, 3# ceramic insulating layer 3a, 4# sector crucible furnace tube 4, 4# ceramic insulating layer 4a, 5# sector crucible furnace tube 5, 5# ceramic insulating layer 5a, 6# sector crucible furnace tube 6, 6# ceramic insulating layer 6a, 7# sector crucible furnace tube 7, 7# ceramic insulating layer 7a, 8# sector crucible furnace tube 8, 8# ceramic insulating layer 8a, 9# sector crucible furnace tube 9, 9# ceramic insulating layer 9a, 10# sector crucible furnace tube 10, crucible induction coil 11, induction coil power-in end 11a, induction coil power-out end 11b, side wall from furnace lining layer 12, copper crucible furnace bottom 13 and the like. An apparatus for induction melting of titanium and titanium alloys with self-lining function, see fig. 1.
The crucible wall for smelting titanium and titanium alloy is not an integral cylinder, but a combined copper crucible formed by splicing a plurality of sector-shaped tube bodies, the crucible shown in figure 1 is formed by splicing 18 sector tube bodies (18 sector tube bodies such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and the like), a high-temperature heat-resistant ceramic insulator is arranged between every two adjacent sector tubes (18 high-temperature heat-resistant ceramic insulators such as 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a and the like are arranged in the whole crucible), an induced current loop on the crucible wall is cut off by the high-temperature heat-resistant ceramic insulator, the current skin effect on the crucible is eliminated, the whole copper crucible is prevented from being heated firstly, and the problems that the current on the crucible is too high, the heat quantity carried away by cooling water is too much, the heat efficiency is too low, and the smelting process cannot be carried out are solved.
The fan-shaped pipes forming the crucible are all of hollow structures, one end of each pipe body is connected with a cooling water inlet (1 b, 10b and the like), the other end of each pipe body is embedded into the bottom 13 of the copper crucible and is communicated with a water outlet loop at the bottom of the crucible, cooling water channels (1 c, 10c and the like) are arranged in the middle of each pipe, and cooling water flows out from water outlets (1 d, 10 d) at the bottom of the crucible.
The bottom 13 of the copper crucible is of an integral cake-shaped structure, connectors 14 with fan-shaped pipes are arranged on the periphery of the cake, each fan-shaped pipe is provided with an independent connector, and radial cooling water channels 14a are arranged along the radial direction of the bottom of the crucible, as shown in figure 2. The water outlet at the bottom of the crucible has two structures, one structure is that an annular water channel is arranged at the bottom of the whole crucible, cooling water enters the fan-shaped tube from the water inlets (1 b, 10b and the like) of the fan-shaped crucible furnace tube, enters the water channel 14a at the bottom of the crucible through the cooling water channels (1 c, 10c and the like) and the connecting port 14 of the crucible bottom and the fan-shaped tube, and flows out from the annular water outlet 14b at the bottom of the crucible, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3. One has a separate water outlet for each fan-shaped tube, and the cooling water at the bottom of the crucible flows out of the crucible from the water outlets (1 d, 10d, etc.) of the furnace tubes of the fan-shaped crucible, as shown in FIG. 3.
When current flows in from the induction coil inlet end 11a of the crucible induction coil 11 and flows out from the induction coil outlet end 11b, because the sector tubes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and the like are mutually insulated, no loop is formed on the whole crucible, but induced current is generated in the cross section of each sector tube 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and the like, the induced current generated in the cross section of each two adjacent sector tubes is opposite in direction, and because of the proximity effect of the current, the magnetic field of the induced current generated by each sector tube passing through the adjacent gap is strengthened at the hollow part A of the crucible, a strengthened magnetic field is formed at the middle part A of the crucible, so that the electromagnetic effect of the crucible induction coil 11 acts on titanium and titanium alloy furnace burden at the middle part A of the crucible, and the sector tubes forming the crucible wall are more, the more gaps 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, etc. are formed, the stronger the magnetic field strengthening effect formed by the gaps, and the strengthened electromagnetic field promotes the rapid melting of the charge.
When the crucible melts titanium and titanium alloy furnace burden through the gap effect and the proximity effect, the fan- shaped pipes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and the like of the spliced crucible and the heat-resistant insulating ceramics 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a and the like are respectively cooled by water, so that the titanium and titanium alloy furnace burden in the middle of the crucible is melted, and an autogenous furnace lining of a titanium alloy skull is formed between the inner wall of the crucible and the titanium alloy furnace burden due to the cooling effect of the fan-shaped pipes, so that the problems that the furnace lining pollutes titanium alloy liquid greatly, the quality of the titanium alloy liquid is poor, and qualified titanium and titanium alloy ingots cannot be produced are solved.
By adopting the method of splicing the crucible by the fan-shaped tube, the fan-shaped tube and the fan-shaped tube are insulated, so that the melting power is mainly concentrated on the titanium and titanium alloy furnace burden, the problems of low electric efficiency of induction melting and over-low heating power of the furnace burden are solved, and the melting efficiency is improved by 1.5 times compared with that of a vacuum consumable electrode electric arc furnace.
The cooling water in the fan-shaped pipe and the insulating ceramic, water quality is industrial soft water, prevents mineral substances dissolved in water from precipitating and scaling to block the pipeline, influences the cooling effect and even leads to water supply interruption and causes accidents.
The smelting process comprises the following steps:
charging granular titanium sponge and blocky alloy raw materials into a furnace, and ensuring that titanium and alloy elements are simultaneously melted by considering the influence of skin effect and circular effect on the temperature of different areas in the furnace when charging. In general, low-melting point alloy elements such as aluminum, antimony, lead, manganese and the like are loaded in the middle of the crucible, and titanium materials are loaded near the inner wall of the crucible.
After the furnace burden is loaded into the crucible, the furnace is sealed, vacuum pumping is carried out to a preset pressure, argon is backflushed into the furnace chamber to dilute the air in the furnace, and then vacuum pumping is carried out again to meet the process pressure requirement. And starting the intermediate frequency power supply to smelt. When the aluminum-containing titanium alloy is smelted, the influence of the heat release effect when metals are mutually smelted on the smelting temperature and the lining skull is considered, and a stepped loading mode is adopted after degassing to slowly heat up and heat. After the core aluminum furnace material is completely melted and alloyed, the melting power is rapidly increased, the electromagnetic stirring is enhanced, the material melting speed is increased, and after the furnace material is completely melted and the alloy temperature and the components are uniform, the casting can be carried out.
Use the utility model discloses a crucible of titanium and titanium alloy is smelted in response, when smelting titanium and titanium alloy, adopts the combination copper crucible that splices into by the body of polylith fan-shaped pipe, melts titanium and titanium alloy furnace charge through gap effect and adjacent effect, because of the cooling action of fan-shaped pipe, forms the autogenous furnace wall of titanium alloy skull, and it is big to have solved the furnace wall and has polluted titanium alloy liquid, and titanium alloy liquid quality is poor, the difficult problem of unable qualified titanium of production and titanium alloy ingot casting. The melting power is mainly concentrated on the titanium and titanium alloy furnace charge by insulation among the fan-shaped tubes, the problems of low electric efficiency of induction melting and over-low heating power of the furnace charge are solved, and the melting efficiency is improved by 1.5 times compared with that of a vacuum consumable electric arc furnace.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a crucible of titanium and titanium alloy is smelted in induction, characterized by structure includes: 1# sector crucible furnace tube (1), 1# ceramic insulating layer (1a), 2# sector crucible furnace tube (2), 2# ceramic insulating layer (2a), 3# sector crucible furnace tube (3), 3# ceramic insulating layer (3a), 4# sector crucible furnace tube (4), 4# ceramic insulating layer (4a), 5# sector crucible furnace tube (5), 5# ceramic insulating layer (5a), 6# sector crucible furnace tube (6), 6# ceramic insulating layer (6a), 7# sector crucible furnace tube (7), 7# ceramic insulating layer (7a), 8# sector crucible furnace tube (8), 8# ceramic insulating layer (8a), 9# sector crucible furnace tube (9), 9# ceramic insulating layer (9a), 10# sector crucible furnace tube (10), crucible induction coil (11), induction coil power-in end (11a), induction coil power-out end (11b), The side wall of the furnace is from a furnace lining layer (12) and a copper crucible furnace bottom (13).
2. The crucible for induction melting of titanium and titanium alloys as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crucible wall for melting titanium and titanium alloys is not an integral cylinder but a combined copper crucible formed by splicing a plurality of tube bodies of fan-shaped tubes, a high temperature heat-resistant ceramic insulator is arranged between every two adjacent fan-shaped tubes, and the high temperature heat-resistant ceramic insulator is used for cutting off an induced current loop on the crucible wall, so that the current skin effect on the crucible is eliminated.
3. The crucible for induction melting of titanium and titanium alloys as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sector pipes constituting the crucible are hollow, one end of the pipe body is connected to a cooling water inlet, the other end is embedded in the bottom (13) of the copper crucible and is communicated with a water outlet loop at the bottom of the crucible, a cooling water channel is formed in the middle of the pipe, and the cooling water is discharged from a water outlet at the bottom of the crucible.
4. A crucible for induction melting of titanium and titanium alloys as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom (13) of the copper crucible is of a monolithic cake structure, the periphery of the cake is provided with ports (14) for connection with the sector pipes, each sector pipe is provided with an independent port, and radial cooling channels (14a) are provided along the radial direction of the bottom of the crucible; the water outlet at the bottom of the crucible has two structures, one structure is that an annular water channel is arranged at the bottom of the whole crucible, cooling water enters the fan-shaped tube from the water inlet of the fan-shaped crucible furnace tube, enters the water channel (14a) at the bottom of the crucible through the cooling water channel and the connection port (14) of the crucible bottom and the fan-shaped tube, and flows out from the annular water outlet (14b) at the bottom of the crucible; a crucible has an independent water outlet for each fan-shaped tube, and cooling water at the bottom of the crucible flows out of the water outlet of the fan-shaped crucible furnace tube.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116499246A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-07-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Blending device for overheat and interface reaction of electromagnetic cold crucible smelting melt |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116499246A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-07-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Blending device for overheat and interface reaction of electromagnetic cold crucible smelting melt |
| CN116499246B (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-12-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Blending device for overheat and interface reaction of electromagnetic cold crucible smelting melt |
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