CN105120993A - 排气系统中的还原剂喷射 - Google Patents

排气系统中的还原剂喷射 Download PDF

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CN105120993A
CN105120993A CN201480020744.8A CN201480020744A CN105120993A CN 105120993 A CN105120993 A CN 105120993A CN 201480020744 A CN201480020744 A CN 201480020744A CN 105120993 A CN105120993 A CN 105120993A
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邓肯·J·阿罗史密斯
迭戈·西蒙达维拉
布赖恩·G·巴泰斯
尼古拉斯·贝莱
尼古拉斯·塔拉韦拉
雷日斯·沃纳勃
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Liebherr Machines Bulle SA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30Injector mixers
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    • B01F25/314Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3141Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30Injector mixers
    • B01F25/32Injector mixers wherein the additional components are added in a by-pass of the main flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/93Arrangements, nature or configuration of flow guiding elements
    • B01F2025/931Flow guiding elements surrounding feed openings, e.g. jet nozzles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
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    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

一种发动机排气系统包括:排气管(18),排气管(18)具有弯曲部,该弯曲部以弯曲的路径对排气流进行引导,该排气管具有内表面并且与弯曲部下游处的催化转换器(22)流体连通;喷射器(12),喷射器(12)安装至排气管(18)的外部并且具有喷射器喷嘴(28),喷射器喷嘴(28)在弯曲部处布置在排气管的内部内、用于将液体还原剂喷射到排气管中;护罩构件(4),护罩构件(4)安装在排气管中并且与排气管的内表面是间隔开的,该护罩构件包括具有敞开的近端(14)和敞开的远端(16)的大致管状或截头圆锥形结构,近端(14)布置成使得喷射器喷嘴(28)处于护罩构件(4)内部,远端(16)布置在排气管的中心线(26)处或者朝向排气管的中心线(26)布置;以及叶片(6),叶片(6)相对于护罩构件(4)安装,该叶片布置成适于以大致弧形的路径将来自弯曲部(30)的上游的排气流的一部分(24)引导到护罩构件(4)的近端(14)中。

Description

排气系统中的还原剂喷射
技术领域
本发明涉及用于将流体还原剂喷射到排气系统中的系统、操作该系统的方法以及用于在该系统中使用的导流装置。
背景技术
为了降低排气系统特别地柴油机排气系统中的NOx水平,已知的是将还原剂喷射到选择性催化还原(SCR)模块上游处的排气中。在SCR存在的情况下,还原剂将NOx转化成氮气和水。使用的还原剂常见的有氨或脲,其中,由于安全和处理的原因,通常优选使用脲。脲通过热分解转化成氨。
可以通过仅液体式定量给送系统或者通过空气辅助定量给送系统来喷射液体还原剂(例如,含水脲)。空气辅助定量给送通过中心线喷射提供的微滴尺寸较小且较均匀。
这种还原剂喷射的问题在于,来自喷射器喷嘴的微滴薄雾会沉积在排气管的壁上。这会降低处理效率,并且在脲和低温操作的情况下,这会导致产生沉积物,沉积物会部分或完全阻塞排气管。管壁上或管壁附近的高浓度的微滴会给下述工作带来很大的挑战:将还原剂混合在SCR催化剂处的排气中,并且使还原剂均匀地分布在SCR催化剂处的排气中。
US2010/0212292中提出了提供这样的一种给送连接器:还原剂经由该给送连接器被喷射,并且该给送连接器设置有进入口,该进入口用于产生沿着给送连接器的内壁的另外的气流以便提供气体屏障以阻止雾滴沉积在给送连接器或排气管的内壁上。WO2011/106487公开了这样的一种系统:该系统用于通过布置在排气管中并且布置成与排气管大致平行的内部圆锥体将液体还原剂喷射到排气中。还原剂喷射器与圆锥体流体连通。圆锥体具有孔,从而允许排气向内流动以对喷射出的液体还原剂产生阻力。该阻力会增加微滴从喷射器到SCR催化转换器的行进时间,允许脲或其它还原剂受到更长时间的加热并因此蒸发和/或热分解得更多。
将含水脲还原剂液体喷射在排气管中的弯曲部上具有一些性能实际益处,包括使下游混合长度最大化、提供更大程度的封装灵活性以及减少喷射器温度问题。然而,将喷射器置于弯曲部上会导致大部分喷雾跟随主排气流——特别地在微滴很细小(如空气辅助喷射系统中那样)的情况下。即使在微滴初始喷射速度很高的情况下,微滴惯性与主排气流施加的阻力相比依然很小。这会导致大部分微滴碰撞到排气管的壁上,失去了小微滴(在蒸发和紊流扩散时)混合和分解成氨的任何益处。
发明内容
独立权利要求中详细说明了本发明的方面。从属权利要求中详细说明了优选特征。
附图说明
现在将参照以下附图仅通过示例的方式对本发明进行进一步的描述,其中,在附图中:
图1至图3是用于在根据本发明的方面的排气系统中使用的组件的立体图;
图4示出了根据本发明的实施方式的排气系统;
图5和图6示出了图4的系统的一部分的细节;
图7是图4的系统的一部分的竖向截面图;以及
图8和图9示出了根据本发明的实施方式的系统中的气流的仿真结果。
具体实施方式
参照图4,发动机排气系统包括排气管18,排气管18具有弯曲部30,弯曲部30以弯曲的路径对排气流进行引导。排气管18具有内表面,并且与弯曲部30下游处的SCR催化转换器22流体连通。导流组件2(图1至图3以及图7中最佳地示出)用于将液体还原剂比如含水脲微滴喷射到排气流束中,在该示例中,所述微滴通过8片式混合器20(图5和图6中最佳地示出)可选地被进一步混合在排气流束中。
排气管的外部安装有喷射器12并且喷射器12具有喷射器喷嘴28(图7),喷射器喷嘴28在弯曲部30处布置在排气管18的内部内、用于将液体还原剂喷射到排气管18中。排气管18中安装有护罩构件4,并且护罩构件4与排气管的内表面是间隔开的。护罩构件4是大+致管状或(在该示例中)截头圆锥形结构,其具有敞开的近端14和敞开的远端16。近端14设置成使得喷射器喷嘴28位于护罩构件4内部。远端16设置在排气管18的中心线26处或者朝向排气管18的中心线26设置。护罩构件4上安装有叶片6,并且叶片6布置成适于将来自弯曲部上游处的排气流的一部分24(图8)以大致弧形的路径引导到护罩构件4的近端14中。
在该示例中,喷射器12是空气辅助系统,但本发明也能够与无气式系统一起使用并且可以提供沉积物在喷射器喷嘴28上累积的可能性降低的优点。
优选的是,护罩构件4呈截头圆锥形形状,其中,近端14比远端16窄,使得扩散的内壁更容易地适应来自喷射器喷嘴28的扩散的微滴喷雾而没有微滴与壁接触。
通过分离出排气流的一部分并且将该部分排气流导引成均匀地流动通过喷射器,该系统在喷射器12周围产生较均匀的流动。这个过程得到了这样的气流部分的帮助:该气流部分在护罩构件4后面被引导通过护罩构件4与排气管在护罩构件的下游侧上的相邻的内表面之间的空间32(图8)。
通过确保被引出的气体限定下述路径,能够使被引出的气流的大部分动量用于提供来自喷射器喷嘴28的中央还原剂微滴薄雾与护罩构件4的内表面之间的缓冲或屏蔽层:在所述路径中,存在从上游流沿着弯曲部的路径从护罩构件4的近端14后面进入护罩构件4的近端14中的平滑的过渡。被遮罩的微滴薄雾从护罩构件4的远端16向排气管18的中心线26传送。微滴大致沿着中心线26行进,有助于降低微滴碰撞到排气管的内表面上且形成液膜的可能性。这还提供微滴在排气内的良好的分布,减少了高NOx转化所需的、为了实现使还原剂均匀地分布在排气流内所需的进一步的混合。图9中用线——表示气流——示出了被引出的气体的平滑流通的仿真结果。被引出的气体在叶片6后面沿着大致弧形的路径行进,进入到护罩构件4中而损失极少的动量。
将一些气体通过空间32引出能够提供用以阻止还原剂微滴在离开护罩构件4的远端16之后与排气管18的下游内表面接触的额外的缓冲或屏蔽效果。通过减少液膜的形成,沉积以及因此对NOx减少的影响的风险得以降低。
在主排气流(外部流—图8)与来自喷射器12的流(内部流)结合的情况下,该系统因而有助于微滴分布以进一步混合。由于护罩4的尺寸以及位于护罩下面的空间32,主排气提供围绕喷射器内部流的外部流。
叶片6可以引导来自主排气流束的气体的10%至30%,优选地,大约15%。
在仿真结果中能够发现,在上游几何结构提供平滑的气流的情况下,护罩构件4和叶片6的组合足以实现将更大比例的还原剂微滴传送至催化转换器22这样的益处。然而,如果上游几何结构不太理想,例如,如果管具有一个或更多个弯曲部上游,那么进入的气流会有少许涡旋,由于使还原剂与排气管的内表面接触,因此这将导致系统的效率降低。
为了减小上游几何结构的影响,可以相对于护罩构件4安装一个或更多个整流构件8、10。在该示例中,护罩构件4上游处的叶片6上安装有一对上整流构件8,护罩构件4的下游处的叶片6上安装有一对下整流构件10。在该实施方式中,每个整流构件是安装在叶片6上并且设置成与叶片的局部平面大致垂直的壁或板。优选地,每个整流构件的主平面大致平行于排气管的内径。
该排气系统可以制造成使得导流组件2在弯曲部处安装在排气管中并且使得喷射器安装成使得喷射器喷嘴处于护罩构件中。然而,可以设想,能够对导流组件进行改型以应用于一些排气系统以实现本发明的益处。因此,本发明的另一方面提供用于安装在排气系统中的导流组件。
因此,本发明相应地提供用于提高发动机排气系统中还原剂到SCR催化剂的传送效率的系统及方法。
本文中,冠词“一”和“一个”用于意指“至少一个”,除非上下文另有要求。

Claims (15)

1.一种发动机排气系统,包括:
排气管,所述排气管具有弯曲部,所述弯曲部以弯曲的路径对排气流进行引导,所述排气管具有内表面并且与所述弯曲部下游处的催化转换器流体连通;
喷射器,所述喷射器安装至所述排气管的外部并且具有喷射器喷嘴,所述喷射器喷嘴在所述弯曲部处布置在所述排气管的内部内,用于将液体还原剂喷射到所述排气管中;
护罩构件,所述护罩构件安装在所述排气管中并且与所述排气管的所述内表面是间隔开的,所述护罩构件包括具有敞开的近端和敞开的远端的大致管状或截头圆锥形的结构,所述近端设置成使得所述喷射器喷嘴处于所述护罩构件内部,所述远端设置在所述排气管的中心线处或者接近所述排气管的所述中心线设置;以及
叶片,所述叶片相对于所述护罩构件安装,所述叶片布置成适于以大致弧形的路径将来自所述弯曲部上游的排气流的一部分引导到所述护罩构件的所述近端中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述叶片将所述排气流的一部分引导通过介于所述圆锥体的所述近端与所述排气管的邻近于所述喷射器的所述内表面之间的空间,并且引导通过介于所述护罩构件与所述排气管的在所述护罩构件的下游侧上的相邻内表面之间的空间。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述叶片布置成适于将排气流的量的10%至30%引导通过所述护罩构件和/或介于所述护罩构件与所述排气管的在所述护罩构件的下游侧上的所述相邻内表面之间的所述空间。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其中,所述叶片布置成适于引导所述量的大约15%。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的系统,其中,所述护罩构件设置成使得在使用时还原剂液滴将在所述排气管的大致中心线处离开所述远端,其中,所述还原剂液滴的行进方向大致沿着所述中心线。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的系统,还包括相对于所述护罩构件安装、用于减少来自所述护罩构件上游的排气流中的涡旋的至少一个整流构件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其中,所述至少一个整流构件是安装在所述叶片上并且设置成与所述叶片的局部平面大致垂直的壁或板。
8.根据权利要求6或权利要求7所述的系统,其中,在所述护罩构件上游处设置有至少一个整流构件,并且在所述护罩构件下游处设置有至少一个整流构件。
9.根据权利要求6或权利要求7所述的系统,其中,在所述护罩构件上游处设置有一对整流构件,并且在所述护罩构件下游处设置有一对整流构件。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的系统,其中,所述护罩构件是大致截头圆锥形的,其中,所述近端比所述远端窄。
11.一种导流组件,所述导流组件用于安装在发动机排气系统的排气管的弯曲部中,所述发动机排气系统具有喷射器,所述喷射器安装至所述排气管的外部并且具有喷射器喷嘴,所述喷射器喷嘴在所述弯曲部处布置在所述排气管的内部内,用于将液体还原剂喷射到所述排气管中;
所述导流组件包括:
护罩构件,所述护罩构件包括具有敞开的近端和敞开的远端的大致管状或截头圆锥形的结构,其中,所述近端用于接纳所述喷射器喷嘴;以及
叶片,所述叶片围绕所述护罩构件的所述近端、用于当在弯曲部处安装在排气管中进行使用时将排气的一部分引导到所述近端中;以及
至少一个整流构件,所述至少一个整流构件相对于所述护罩构件安装。
12.根据权利要求11所述的组件,其中,所述至少一个整流构件是安装在所述叶片上并且布置成与所述叶片的局部平面大致垂直的壁或板。
13.根据权利要求11或权利要求12所述的组件,其中,在所述叶片上设置有两对整流构件,所述护罩构件的每侧上设置有一对整流构件。
14.根据权利要求11至13中的任一项所述的组件,其中,所述护罩构件是大致截头圆锥形的。
15.一种用于将液体还原剂喷射到发动机排气系统中的方法,包括:
提供排气管,其中,所述排气管具有弯曲部,所述弯曲部以弯曲的路径对排气流进行引导,所述排气管具有内表面并且与所述弯曲部下游处的催化转换器流体连通;
提供喷射器,其中,所述喷射器安装至所述排气管的外部并且具有喷射器喷嘴,所述喷射器喷嘴在所述弯曲部处布置在所述排气管的内部内;
提供护罩构件,其中,所述护罩构件安装在所述排气管中并且与所述排气管的所述内表面是间隔开的,所述护罩构件包括具有敞开的近端和敞开的远端的大致管状或截头圆锥形的结构,所述近端布置成使得所述喷射器喷嘴处于所述护罩构件内部,所述远端布置在所述排气管的中心线处或者接近所述排气管的所述中心线布置;
提供叶片,其中,所述叶片相对于所述护罩构件安装,所述叶片布置成适于以大致弧形的路径将来自所述弯曲部的上游的排气流的一部分引导到所述护罩构件的所述近端中;以及
通过所述喷射器将液体还原剂朝向所述护罩构件的所述远端喷射。
CN201480020744.8A 2013-04-12 2014-03-24 排气系统中的还原剂喷射 Expired - Fee Related CN105120993B (zh)

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