CN105114192B - 用于运行以天然气运行的机动车内燃机的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于运行以天然气运行的机动车内燃机(1)的方法。在λ传感器(4)失效的情况下,通过求取当前的废气温度(T实际)来推断天然气的品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行以天然气运行的机动车内燃机的方法。出于简化语言的原因接下来原则上仅仅论及内燃机。此外以天然气运行的内燃机的控制和调节机构以及以天然气运行的机动车内燃机是本发明的一部分。
背景技术
对使用压缩的气体例如天然气(CNG压缩天然气)作为燃料运行的机动车(所谓的燃气车辆)而言,通过喷射机构把用于燃烧的燃气空气混合物供应给内燃机。因为在常压下,燃气与传统的燃料如汽油或柴油相比具有更低的能量密度,因此在加注期间,天然气以200巴到260巴的压力输送到机动车的气体储箱内并得以储存。
根据不同供货方地点,天然气的品质变化很大。因此为燃气车辆研发了燃气品质匹配功能。只要内燃机在运行中,就能通过λ调节求取天然气品质,并且将内燃机的控制与该天然气的品质匹配,其中相应于所要求的λ值,通过λ调节来设定燃料供给或者说燃气空气混合物。该方法要求在催化器的上游布置λ传感器。这样所求取的用于燃气品质匹配的参数被存储并且应用在用于燃料供给或者说燃气空气混合物的计算的发动机控制机构中。该过程随着每一次的加注过程必须重复。
在λ传感器故障的情况下,不能再执行λ调节,因为缺失λ传感器的信号。因此燃气品质匹配也不再能够执行。这尤其对例如在λ=1.5情况下运行的稀燃发动机而言特别危险。如果例如对得到新鲜加注的车辆而言当前的天然气品质比之前的加注物差(更低的能量密度),这能够导致的是,在没有燃气品质匹配的情况下内燃机不能流畅地运行或者完全不运转。如果例如对得到新鲜加注的而车辆而言当前的天然气品质比之前的加注物好(更高的能量密度),那么在没有燃气品质匹配的情况下内燃机高温运行且受损。
为了阻止这种情况,为发动机控制所预定的废气(稀混合物)中的“稀燃极限”确保了内燃机中的燃烧的稳定性。以相应的方法,为发动机控制所预定的废气(浓混合物)中的“浓燃极限”确保内燃机免遭过热。
这意味着,在以天然气运行的内燃机中通过λ传感器不仅能求取废气的排放,而且λ传感器的信号还能额外用于天然气品质的监控。
发明内容
为了在λ传感器失效的情况下也能确定天然气的品质,提出一种方法,即在λ传感器失效的情况下通过求取当前的废气温度确定天然气的品质。
本发明所基于的思想在于,尽管λ传感器失效,但通过根据本发明的紧急运转方法以废气温度为基础在一定程度上对λ值利用所属的λ调节来建模,其中在根据本发明的方法中通过求取废气温度至少近似获得了与通过有效的λ传感器获取的传感器值相同的结果。接着依照传统的方法(利用有效的λ传感器)能够求取用于燃气品质匹配的参数,该燃气品质匹配用于按照规定运行以天然气运行的内燃机。优选地,该根据本发明的方法在每一次启动以天然气运行的内燃机后被激活。
另外必须在废气再处理机构中设置温度传感器,其传感器信号当然也能在其他方面使用,例如在对废气再处理机构中的排放进行处理的情况下使用。这样的温度传感器在现代的内燃机中本来就存在,因此并不产生额外的花费。
根据本发明的方法利用了在废气中的λ值和其中可达到的废气温度之间的物理上的相关性。可达到的废气温度除了天然气的品质之外另外还和天然气的压力有关。这种关系例如能通过特征曲线描述且在根据本发明的方法中得到分析。这意味着,在已知的天然气压力和通过温度传感器求取的实际废气温度下,通过特征曲线能够对相应的λ值建模。相反地,对所要求的λ值和已知的天然气压力而言,能够求取相应的可达到的废气温度。
在根据本发明的方法中,通过被预先设定用于按照规定运行以天然气运行的内燃发动机的λ值,经由特征曲线求取额定废气温度。通过温度传感器测得的实际废气温度被调整到该额定废气温度上。此外通过优选具有PI调节器的闭合的调节回路如此地改变用于内燃机的喷射量或者说燃气空气混合物,从而达到额定废气温度。根据本发明的方法在原理上对应已知的λ调节,然而不同的是,取代λ值而调整废气温度。于是从这样所设定的喷射量或者说从这样所设定的燃气空气混合物中能够足够准确地求取用于燃气品质匹配的参数,该燃气品质匹配用于按照规定运行以天然气运行的内燃机。
附图说明
接下来根据附图示例性地阐释本发明的实施方案。其中:
图1是以天然气运行的机动车的内燃发动机的示意图;
图2示出具有表示在λ值和一个可达到的废气温度之间的关系的特性曲线的图表;并且
图3示出用于执行根据本发明的用于运行以天然气运行的内燃机s的方法的调节回路。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一个以天然气运行的机动车的内燃机1的极简的示意图。优选地,使用天然气(CNG压缩天然气)运行内燃机1,该天然气在高压下(大约200至260巴)储存在一个未在图1中展示的气体储箱内。在内燃机1的进气端布置了具有构造用于喷射天然气的喷射机构6的进气管7。
在内燃机1的输出端上布置了具有被布置在催化器3之前的λ传感器4的废气再处理机构8。在催化器3之后又设置了另一个λ传感器5。λ传感器4和5的信号被供给电子的控制和调节机构2例如发动机控制器,该控制和调节机构分析并且相应地触发喷射机构6,以便产生用于以天然气运行的内燃机1的所期望的燃气空气混合物。此外优选地,控制和调节机构2包括用于执行根据本发明的方法的PI调节器10。
此外在废气再处理机构8内在催化器3之前安装温度传感器9。该温度传感器9也能够设置在催化器3之后。
在不同的供应方之间,天然气品质变化很大,这对于内燃机1的运行而言必须被顾及到。因此为以天然气运行的内燃机1研发了燃气品质匹配功能。只要内燃机1在运行中,就通过λ调节求取天然气品质并且将内燃机1的运行匹配到该天然气品质上,其中相应于所要求的λ值设定燃料供给或者说燃气空气混合物。对此优选地使用布置在催化器3前的λ传感器4。
这因此是必要的,因为对于天然气品质好(高能量含量)的情况来说,在没有燃气品质匹配的情况下内燃机1会高温运转且受损。如果天然气品质相对差,这会导致在没有燃气品质匹配的情况下内燃机1只会较差地或者完全不运转。
在λ传感器4故障的情况下,λ调节并因此传统的燃气品质匹配也不能再执行,因为缺失了λ传感器4的信号。
根据本发明的方法致力于在λ传感器4故障的情况下也保证内燃机1的功能性。此外以通过温度传感器9获得的废气温度为基础对λ值建模,其中在根据本发明的方法中通过求取废气温度至少近似获得了与通过有效的λ传感器4获取的传感器值相同的结果。优选地,根据本发明的方法在每一次启动内燃机1后被激活。
在根据本发明的方法中充分利用了在废气中的λ值和在此可以达到的废气温度之间的物理相关性。图2对此展示了尤其用于稀燃发动机(λ>1.0)的运行的相应的特征曲线。可以看出,在λ值上升的情况下,废气温度T首先也上升,在λ约为1.1的时候到达了最高的废气温度T,并且在λ值进一步上升的情况下废气温度T又下降。
在此,温度T也和天然气压力有关(参见在图2中所示出的针对2、4、7和10巴天然气压力的示例性的特征曲线)。该特征曲线以根据本发明的方法的基础。这意味着,在已知天然气压力和通过温度传感器9获取的废气温度T的情况下可以求取相应的λ值。相反地,对所要求的λ值而言能够求取相应的废气温度T。
根据本发明,在闭合的调节回路20内执行对废气温度T的调节。图3展示了闭合的调节回路20的功能框图。
PI调节器10、喷射机构6和带有废气再处理机构8的内燃机1表明了调节回路20的控制路径。框22表示调节回路20的干扰参量即不同的天然气品质,其影响着以天然气运行的内燃机1的运行。
调节回路20的输出参量是废气温度T实际 ,正如通过温度传感器9获取的一样。温度传感器9因而表示调节回路20的测量元件,其中输出参量T实际 通过联结24又引回到PI调节器10。
在联结24中,由温度传感器9获得的实际值T实际与由额定值设定器26提供的额定值T额定相减。
在额定值设定器26中,首先获取并存储废气额定温度T额定。废气额定温度T额定例如通过根据图2的特征曲线求取。T额定是废气温度,该废气稳定在顾及相应的天然气压力的情况下相应于与内燃机的按照规定的运行相配的λ值(例如λ=1.2)。
在联结24中,T额定和T实际之间产生的差值作为调节偏差供应给PI调节器10,该PI调节器依据预先规定的调节算法从中确定用于触发喷射机构6的调整参量。
如果T实际调整到T额定上,用于燃气品质匹配的参数就能够根据已知的方法利用有效的λ传感器求取,据此能够根据所要求的λ值设定燃料供给或者说燃气空气混合物。
Claims (8)
1.用于运行以天然气运行的机动车内燃机(1)的方法,其包括气体储箱,在所述气体储箱中存储压缩的天然气,还包括喷射机构(6),利用所述喷射机构将压缩的天然气喷射到所述内燃机(1)的进气管(7)内,并且包括带有催化器(3)和λ传感器(4)的废气再处理机构(8),利用所述λ传感器求取天然气的品质,其特征在于,在所述λ传感器(4)失效的情况下通过求取当前的废气温度(T实际)来推断出天然气的品质,其中额定的废气温度(T额定)和当前的废气温度(T实际)之间产生的差值作为调节偏差供应给PI调节器(10),该PI调节器依据预先规定的调节算法从中确定用于触发所述喷射机构(6)的调整参量,其中额定的废气温度(T额定)在顾及相应的天然气压力的情况下相应于与内燃机(1)的按照规定的运行相配的λ值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,为了按照规定运行所述内燃机(1)而将废气中所要求的λ值转化成建模的废气温度(T额定)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,经由调节回路(20)通过改变供应给所述内燃机(1)的喷射量将所述废气温度(T实际)调整到建模的废气温度(T额定)上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,从通过所述调节回路(20)改变的喷射量或者改变的燃气空气混合物中求取用于燃气品质匹配的参数,所述燃气品质匹配用于内燃机(1)的按照规定的运行。
5.以天然气运行的内燃机(1)的控制和调节机构(2),其特征在于,对所述控制和调节机构(2)进行编程,以便应用根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法。
6.根据权利要求5所述的控制和调节机构(2),其特征在于,所述控制和调节机构(2)包括PI调节器(10)。
7.以天然气运行的机动车内燃机(1),包括用于存储压缩的天然气的气体储箱、用于将所述压缩的天然气喷射到进气管(7)内的喷射机构(6)以及带有催化器(3)的废气再处理机构(8),其中在所述催化器(3)之前布置了λ传感器(4),其特征在于,所述内燃机(1)包括控制和调节机构(2),该控制和调节机构被编程,以便应用根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法。
8.按照权利要求7所述的以天然气运行的机动车内燃机(1),其特征在于,所述废气再处理机构(8)包括温度传感器(9)。
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