CN105114127A - Safety linkage control method and system of tunnel under-passing railway - Google Patents
Safety linkage control method and system of tunnel under-passing railway Download PDFInfo
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- CN105114127A CN105114127A CN201510459238.5A CN201510459238A CN105114127A CN 105114127 A CN105114127 A CN 105114127A CN 201510459238 A CN201510459238 A CN 201510459238A CN 105114127 A CN105114127 A CN 105114127A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
Abstract
The invention discloses a safety linkage control method of a tunnel under-passing railway. The method includes: monitoring deformation condition of an existing railway in real time, dividing a whole construction process into a normal state, a forewarning state and a warning state according to the deformation condition of the railway, and continuing construction if the construction is in the normal state; if the construction is in the forewarning state, sending out a warning, and continuing construction after adjusting constructional parameters; if the construction is in the warning state, performing stopping, carrying out feasible suggestions proposed by experts, canceling the warning, and resuming work to control safety implementation of the tunnel under-passing railway. The invention further discloses a system implementing the method, which system comprises a full-automatic monitor module, a construction parameter acquisition module, a data sharing platform and a forewarning platform. Safety hazards occurring in the construction process are solved quickly and efficiently; by using the system, the defect that traditionally a single department independently solves problems is overcome, and inter-department safety awareness is enhanced; tunneling safety and efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to underground construction, field of measuring technique, relate to safety interaction control method and the system of a kind of tunnel undercrossing tunnel.
Background technology
Current railway has become one of intercity very important hinge mode of transportation of domestic connection, once have an accident, consequence is hardly imaginable.Simultaneously, subway plays more and more important effect because of features such as its transport capacity are large, speed is fast in daily life, for alleviation traffic above-ground pressure, effect is irreplaceable especially, and therefore new subway wears the situation of existing railway under unavoidably will running into.
The construction of newly built tunnels can produce disturbance to surrounding soil, and cause soil movement, distortion is upwards delivered to track structure, causes guideway irregularity, affects the safe operation of railway.Past often adopts the theoretical calculation method or model determined to carry out engineering safety analysis in geotechnical engineering, and thinking that loading condition, mechanical properties of materials etc. involved in engineering is all determined, is can obtain exact value by certain means.In actual newly built tunnels work progress, the analysis of entirely accurate can not be carried out to the condition of work on railway basis and loading condition, rock-soil material initial and have larger uncertainty and variability etc. by the physical and mechanical property after construction disturbance, makes to utilize original theoretical calculation model can not the safety of Accurate Prediction high-speed railway.Based on this, need to set up a set of be applicable to tunnel under wear the safety interaction system of existing railway, namely the distortion of Tunnel during Construction existing railway is monitored, analyzes and is forecast.
Summary of the invention
In order to make up the deficiency of existing research, improving safety, the high efficiency of constructing tunnel, the object of this invention is to provide safety interaction control method and the system of a kind of tunnel undercrossing tunnel.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The safety interaction control method of a kind of tunnel undercrossing tunnel, comprise the following steps: the first deformation of Real-Time Monitoring existing railway, then according to the deformation of railway, whole work progress is divided into normally, early warning and warning three states, if proceed construction when construction is in normal condition; If when construction is in alert status, send early warning alarm, after adjustment construction parameter, continue construction; If when construction is in alarm condition, stop work, report to the police after implementing the feasible suggestion of expert's proposition the police that disappears, and returns to work the security implementation controlling tunnel undercrossing tunnel.
The deformation of described Real-Time Monitoring existing railway is by the distortion of existing railway in the whole process of monitoring side's Real-Time Monitoring constructing tunnel, and monitored data is analyzed, pretreatment, on the one hand monitored data is regularly sent to contractor, safety management side, on the other hand by being analyzed monitored data and control criterion, the safety of work progress is forecast.
The deformation of described railway obtains by contrasting the early warning value 1mm of the railway sedimentation and deformation value S recorded and settlement control standard and alarming value 2mm.
If S<1mm, construction is in normal condition.
If 1mm≤S≤2mm, construction is in alert status; Now, monitoring side continues to send monitored data to safety management side and contractor, and safety management direction contractor sends early warning simultaneously, and the construction parameter analyzing reception proposes new construction parameter for its adjustment to contractor; Monitoring side continues monitoring railway deformation simultaneously, and research and application data calculate the accumulated deformation W of a day, if W≤2mm, safety management side cancels early warning, and monitoring side continues monitoring, and contractor continues construction according to construction parameter now; If W>2mm, construction is in alarm condition; Information feed back to safety management side, and is sent shut-down requirement by safety management direction contractor by monitoring side, and safety management side organizes expert to hold discussion simultaneously, proposes feasible suggestion; Safety management side carries out the police that disappears reported to the police, and sends suggestion of returning to work to contractor simultaneously.
If S>2mm, construction is in alarm condition; Now, information feed back to safety management side, and is sent shut-down requirement by safety management direction contractor by monitoring side, safety management side organizes expert to hold discussion simultaneously, propose feasible suggestion, safety management side carries out the police that disappears reported to the police, and sends suggestion of returning to work to contractor simultaneously.
Implement a safety interaction control system for the tunnel undercrossing tunnel that said method adopts, comprise auto monitoring and measurement module, construction parameter acquisition module, data sharing platform and pre-alarm platform; Described auto monitoring and measurement module is used for the existing railway distortion in the whole work progress in Real-Time Monitoring tunnel, and processes monitored data, analyzes, stores, and regularly sends monitored data; Described construction parameter acquisition module is used for the construction parameter in real time record constructing tunnel process, and processes the construction parameter collected, analyze, stores, and is carried out by the construction parameter of record transmitting to ensure shared construction parameter; Described data sharing platform is used to the Construction State reacting a certain moment in constructing tunnel process, analyzes the security reliability of construction further; Described pre-alarm platform is used for monitored data analysis, organizes expert to hold discussion meeting, provides rational suggestion in time, with realize engineering safe, effectively implement.
Described auto monitoring and measurement module comprises auto monitoring and measurement unit, data transfer unit, Measurement and Data Processing unit and deformation data shared port; Described auto monitoring and measurement unit is the monitoring system of monitoring side, by the deformation data of existing railway during this unit acquisition constructing tunnel; Described data transfer unit is the department that monitoring direction data sharing platform transmits monitored data; Described Measurement and Data Processing unit is that monitoring side is used for carrying out pretreated department to the initial data of monitoring; Described deformation data shared port is the passage that monitored data is transmitted to data sharing platform.
Described construction parameter acquisition module comprises raw data acquisition unit, original data transmissions unit, primary data analysis unit and construction parameter shared port; Described raw data acquisition unit is the system that contractor obtains the construction parameter of constructing tunnel overall process; Described original data transmissions unit is that contractor transmits the department of construction parameter to data sharing platform; Described primary data analysis unit is the department that contractor is used for carrying out constructing tunnel parameter preanalysis; Described construction parameter shared port is the passage that construction parameter transmits to data sharing platform.
Described data sharing platform comprises data-in port, identity authenticating unit, Data Management Unit and data-out port; The passage that described data-in port is monitored data, construction parameter transmits to data sharing platform; Described identity authenticating unit is the voucher that monitoring side, contractor and safety management side obtain data, to ensure the safety of data; Described Data Management Unit is the system stored monitored data and construction parameter; Described data-out port is the passage that transmits to it of data will stored after monitoring side, safety management side or contractor are by authentication.
Described pre-alarm platform comprises data-in port, data discrimination unit, alert assessment unit, expert system and instruction administrative unit; Described data-in port, described data discrimination unit are the systems that safety management side receives the necessary passage of data that monitoring side and contractor send and the data discrimination true and false; Described alert assessment unit is the safety that safety management side is used for analyzing constructing tunnel; Described expert system be safety management side receive that monitoring side sends exceed the monitored data of alarm limits after, holding expert's discussion can necessary system; Described instruction administrative unit is after safety management side organizes expert's discussion meeting, proposes reasonably suggestion to contractor.
Owing to adopting technique scheme, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
Safety interaction control system of the present invention, can make the potential safety hazard occurred in work progress be able to solve rapidly, efficiently; System solves the drawback of single department solving problems by themselves in the past, considers the interaction between all participating departments, proposes the method for controlling security that a kind of all departments participate in jointly, strengthens awareness of safety each other.
The data sharing platform that the present invention proposes, decrease data transmission work loaded down with trivial details between data despatch department and data receiver department, storage and the acquisition of data can be carried out separately each other by data sharing platform, improve freedom and the efficiency of participating department's work.
The present invention can guarantee that in constructing tunnel process, all departments all participate in the security decision of this project, also improve the efficiency of construction while ensure that safety for tunnel engineering.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the safety interaction control system of the tunnel undercrossing tunnel of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the operation chart of the safety interaction control system of the tunnel undercrossing tunnel of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Embodiment 1
The safety interaction control method of a kind of tunnel undercrossing tunnel, comprise the following steps: the first deformation of Real-Time Monitoring existing railway, then according to the deformation of railway, whole work progress is divided into normally, early warning and warning three states, if proceed construction when construction is in normal condition; If when construction is in alert status, send early warning alarm, after adjustment construction parameter, continue construction; If when construction is in alarm condition, stop work, report to the police after implementing the feasible suggestion of expert's proposition the police that disappears, and returns to work the security implementation controlling tunnel undercrossing tunnel.
The safety interaction control system of tunnel undercrossing tunnel is the soup-to-nuts service of constructing tunnel, and this system is responsible for by the side of monitoring, contractor, safety management side tripartite, covers above-mentioned correlation three party.Concrete content comprises:
(1) distortion of Real-Time Monitoring existing railway: this process is by the distortion of existing railway in the whole process of the side's of monitoring Real-Time Monitoring constructing tunnel, and monitored data is analyzed, pretreatment, on the one hand monitored data is regularly sent to contractor, safety management side, on the other hand by being analyzed monitored data and control criterion, the safety of work progress is forecast.
(2) the sending of pre-alarm: monitoring side is first according to the railway sedimentation value that Real-Time Monitoring obtains, contrast with settlement Control standard, and determine whether send early warning or warning, contact with contractor, safety management side simultaneously, finally propose feasible security strategy by manager.
(3) collection of constructing tunnel parameter: contractor needs to carry out record to construction parameter from constructing tunnel, and timing sends to monitoring side and safety management side, guarantee monitoring side, safety management side also collect the construction parameter in constructing tunnel overall process.When running into existing railway and producing excessive deformation, tripartite by discussing to the construction parameter of record, can propose rational construction parameter changing value or suggestion on this basis.
(4) settlement monitoring data, the sharing of constructing tunnel parameter: this shared platform for monitored data to contractor, safety management side and construction parameter to monitoring side, safety management side's transmission service, make all departments grasp the construction in tunnel more easily dynamic.
As shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 is the operation chart of the safety interaction control system of the tunnel undercrossing tunnel of the embodiment of the present invention in concrete enforcement.In whole constructing tunnel process, contractor needs construction parameter and safety management side and monitoring side's Real-Time Sharing; Monitoring side will accomplish to keep synchronous with constructing tunnel simultaneously, and namely monitoring is parallel with construction, also will carry out monitored data with contractor and safety management side simultaneously and share.Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) first, monitoring side is by processing monitored data, analyzing, namely the monitored data after being processed by existing railway sedimentation value and sedimentation early warning value 1mm, alarming value 2mm contrast, and are divided into by whole work progress normally, early warning and warning three states.
(2) distortion of root according to set monitoring frequency Real-Time Monitoring existing railway is monitored, by contrasting the early warning value 1mm of the railway sedimentation and deformation value S recorded and settlement control standard and alarming value 2mm, if S<1mm, constructing tunnel is very little on the impact of existing railway, and construction is in normal condition.Now, contractor is according to the construction parameter normal construction of regulation, and monitoring side continues monitoring construction, and timing sends monitored data to safety management side and contractor.Meanwhile, contractor also wants timing to send construction parameter to reach data sharing to safety management side and monitoring side.
(3) distortion of root according to set monitoring frequency Real-Time Monitoring existing railway is monitored, and the early warning value 1mm and alarming value 2mm that monitor railway sedimentation and deformation value S and the settlement control standard obtained are contrasted, if S >=1mm but be no more than the early warning value of 2mm, then constructing tunnel has a certain impact to existing railway, and construction is in alert status.Now, monitoring side still will send monitored data to safety management side and contractor, and safety management side will send early warning to contractor simultaneously, and the construction parameter analyzing reception proposes new construction parameter for its adjustment to contractor.But monitoring side will continue to monitor railway deformation, and research and application data calculate the accumulated deformation W of a day, if W≤2mm now will carry out early warning cancellation in safety management side, monitoring side continues monitoring, and contractor continues construction according to construction parameter now; If the alarming value of W>2mm, then constructing tunnel has larger impact to existing railway, and construction is in alarm condition.Now, information is fed back to safety management side by monitoring side in time, and sends shut-down requirement by safety management direction contractor, and safety management side organizes the expert with certain qualification to hold discussion simultaneously, proposes feasible suggestion.The contractor while of police also that disappears that safety management side carries out reporting to the police is returned to work.
(4) distortion of root according to set monitoring frequency Real-Time Monitoring existing railway is monitored, and the early warning value 1mm and alarming value 2mm that monitor railway sedimentation and deformation value S and the settlement control standard obtained are contrasted, if the alarming value of S>2mm, then constructing tunnel has larger impact to existing railway, and construction is in alarm condition.Now, information is fed back to safety management side by monitoring side in time, and sends shut-down requirement by safety management direction contractor, and safety management side organizes the expert with certain qualification to hold discussion simultaneously, proposes feasible suggestion.Safety management side carry out reporting to the police disappear alert while send to contractor suggestion of returning to work.
As shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the safety interaction control system of the tunnel undercrossing tunnel of the embodiment of the present invention.
Implement a safety interaction control system for the tunnel undercrossing tunnel that said method adopts, comprise auto monitoring and measurement module, construction parameter acquisition module, data sharing platform and pre-alarm platform; Described auto monitoring and measurement module is used for the existing railway distortion in the whole work progress in Real-Time Monitoring tunnel, and processes monitored data, analyzes, stores, and regularly sends monitored data; Described construction parameter acquisition module is used for the construction parameter in real time record constructing tunnel process, and processes the construction parameter collected, analyze, stores, and is carried out by the construction parameter of record transmitting to ensure shared construction parameter; Described data sharing platform is used to the Construction State reacting a certain moment in constructing tunnel process, analyzes the security reliability of construction further; Described pre-alarm platform is used for monitored data analysis, organizes expert to hold discussion meeting, provides rational suggestion in time, with realize engineering safe, effectively implement.
Described auto monitoring and measurement module comprises auto monitoring and measurement unit, data transfer unit, Measurement and Data Processing unit and deformation data shared port; Described auto monitoring and measurement unit is the monitoring system of monitoring side, by the deformation data of existing railway during this unit acquisition constructing tunnel; Described data transfer unit is the department that monitoring direction data sharing platform transmits monitored data; Described Measurement and Data Processing unit is that monitoring side is used for carrying out pretreated department to the initial data of monitoring; Described deformation data shared port is the passage that monitored data is transmitted to data sharing platform.
Described construction parameter acquisition module comprises raw data acquisition unit, original data transmissions unit, primary data analysis unit and construction parameter shared port; Described raw data acquisition unit is the system that contractor obtains the construction parameter of constructing tunnel overall process; Described original data transmissions unit is that contractor transmits the department of construction parameter to data sharing platform; Described primary data analysis unit is the department that contractor is used for carrying out constructing tunnel parameter preanalysis; Described construction parameter shared port is the passage that construction parameter transmits to data sharing platform.
Described data sharing platform comprises data-in port, identity authenticating unit, Data Management Unit and data-out port; The passage that described data-in port is monitored data, construction parameter transmits to data sharing platform; Described identity authenticating unit is the voucher that monitoring side, contractor and safety management side obtain data, to ensure the safety of data; Described Data Management Unit is the system stored monitored data and construction parameter; Described data-out port is the passage that transmits to it of data will stored after monitoring side, safety management side or contractor are by authentication.
Described pre-alarm platform comprises data-in port, data discrimination unit, alert assessment unit, expert system and instruction administrative unit; Described data-in port, described data discrimination unit are the systems that safety management side receives the necessary passage of data that monitoring side and contractor send and the data discrimination true and false; Described alert assessment unit is the safety that safety management side is used for analyzing constructing tunnel; Described expert system be safety management side receive that monitoring side sends exceed the monitored data of alarm limits after, holding expert's discussion can necessary system; Described instruction administrative unit is after safety management side organizes expert's discussion meeting, proposes reasonably suggestion to contractor.
Above-mentioned is can understand and apply the invention for ease of those skilled in the art to the description of embodiment.Person skilled in the art obviously easily can make various amendment to these embodiments, and General Principle described herein is applied in other embodiments and need not through performing creative labour.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to embodiment here, those skilled in the art, according to announcement of the present invention, do not depart from improvement that scope makes and amendment all should within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the safety interaction control method of a tunnel undercrossing tunnel, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: the first deformation of Real-Time Monitoring existing railway, then according to the deformation of railway, whole work progress is divided into normally, early warning and warning three states, if proceed construction when construction is in normal condition; If when construction is in alert status, send early warning alarm, after adjustment construction parameter, continue construction; If when construction is in alarm condition, stop work, report to the police after implementing the feasible suggestion of expert's proposition the police that disappears, and returns to work the security implementation controlling tunnel undercrossing tunnel.
2. the safety interaction control method of tunnel according to claim 1 undercrossing tunnel, it is characterized in that: the deformation of described Real-Time Monitoring existing railway is by the distortion of existing railway in the whole process of monitoring side's Real-Time Monitoring constructing tunnel, and monitored data is analyzed, pretreatment, on the one hand monitored data is regularly sent to contractor, safety management side, on the other hand by being analyzed monitored data and control criterion, the safety of work progress is forecast.
3. the safety interaction control method of tunnel according to claim 1 undercrossing tunnel, is characterized in that: the deformation of described railway obtains by contrasting the early warning value 1mm of the railway sedimentation and deformation value S recorded and settlement control standard and alarming value 2mm.
4. the safety interaction control method of tunnel according to claim 3 undercrossing tunnel, is characterized in that: if S<1mm, and construction is in normal condition;
Preferably, if 1mm≤S≤2mm, construction is in alert status; Now, monitoring side continues to send monitored data to safety management side and contractor, and safety management direction contractor sends early warning simultaneously, and the construction parameter analyzing reception proposes new construction parameter for its adjustment to contractor; Monitoring side continues monitoring railway deformation simultaneously, and research and application data calculate the accumulated deformation W of a day, if W≤2mm, safety management side cancels early warning, and monitoring side continues monitoring, and contractor continues construction according to construction parameter now; If W>2mm, construction is in alarm condition; Information feed back to safety management side, and is sent shut-down requirement by safety management direction contractor by monitoring side, and safety management side organizes expert to hold discussion simultaneously, proposes feasible suggestion; Safety management side carries out the police that disappears reported to the police, and sends suggestion of returning to work to contractor simultaneously.
5. the safety interaction control method of tunnel according to claim 3 undercrossing tunnel, is characterized in that: if S>2mm, and construction is in alarm condition; Now, information feed back to safety management side, and is sent shut-down requirement by safety management direction contractor by monitoring side, safety management side organizes expert to hold discussion simultaneously, propose feasible suggestion, safety management side carries out the police that disappears reported to the police, and sends suggestion of returning to work to contractor simultaneously.
6. implement the claims a safety interaction control system for the tunnel undercrossing tunnel that 1 ~ 5 arbitrary described method adopts, it is characterized in that: comprise auto monitoring and measurement module, construction parameter acquisition module, data sharing platform and pre-alarm platform; Described auto monitoring and measurement module is used for the existing railway distortion in the whole work progress in Real-Time Monitoring tunnel, and processes monitored data, analyzes, stores, and regularly sends monitored data; Described construction parameter acquisition module is used for the construction parameter in real time record constructing tunnel process, and processes the construction parameter collected, analyze, stores, and is carried out by the construction parameter of record transmitting to ensure shared construction parameter; Described data sharing platform is used to the Construction State reacting a certain moment in constructing tunnel process, analyzes the security reliability of construction further; Described pre-alarm platform is used for monitored data analysis, organizes expert to hold discussion meeting, provides rational suggestion in time, with realize engineering safe, effectively implement.
7. the safety interaction control system of tunnel according to claim 6 undercrossing tunnel, is characterized in that: described auto monitoring and measurement module comprises auto monitoring and measurement unit, data transfer unit, Measurement and Data Processing unit and deformation data shared port; Described auto monitoring and measurement unit is the monitoring system of monitoring side, by the deformation data of existing railway during this unit acquisition constructing tunnel; Described data transfer unit is the department that monitoring direction data sharing platform transmits monitored data; Described Measurement and Data Processing unit is that monitoring side is used for carrying out pretreated department to the initial data of monitoring; Described deformation data shared port is the passage that monitored data is transmitted to data sharing platform.
8. the safety interaction control system of tunnel according to claim 6 undercrossing tunnel, is characterized in that: described construction parameter acquisition module comprises raw data acquisition unit, original data transmissions unit, primary data analysis unit and construction parameter shared port; Described raw data acquisition unit is the system that contractor obtains the construction parameter of constructing tunnel overall process; Described original data transmissions unit is that contractor transmits the department of construction parameter to data sharing platform; Described primary data analysis unit is the department that contractor is used for carrying out constructing tunnel parameter preanalysis; Described construction parameter shared port is the passage that construction parameter transmits to data sharing platform.
9. the safety interaction control system of tunnel according to claim 6 undercrossing tunnel, is characterized in that: described data sharing platform comprises data-in port, identity authenticating unit, Data Management Unit and data-out port; The passage that described data-in port is monitored data, construction parameter transmits to data sharing platform; Described identity authenticating unit is the voucher that monitoring side, contractor and safety management side obtain data, to ensure the safety of data; Described Data Management Unit is the system stored monitored data and construction parameter; Described data-out port is the passage that transmits to it of data will stored after monitoring side, safety management side or contractor are by authentication.
10. the safety interaction control system of tunnel according to claim 6 undercrossing tunnel, is characterized in that: described pre-alarm platform comprises data-in port, data discrimination unit, alert assessment unit, expert system and instruction administrative unit; Described data-in port, described data discrimination unit are the systems that safety management side receives the necessary passage of data that monitoring side and contractor send and the data discrimination true and false; Described alert assessment unit is the safety that safety management side is used for analyzing constructing tunnel; Described expert system be safety management side receive that monitoring side sends exceed the monitored data of alarm limits after, holding expert's discussion can necessary system; Described instruction administrative unit is after safety management side organizes expert's discussion meeting, proposes reasonably suggestion to contractor.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510459238.5A CN105114127B (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2015-07-30 | The safety interaction control method of tunnel undercrossing tunnel and system |
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| CN201510459238.5A CN105114127B (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2015-07-30 | The safety interaction control method of tunnel undercrossing tunnel and system |
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| CN105114127B CN105114127B (en) | 2016-12-28 |
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| CN108564268A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-09-21 | 中铁十二局集团第二工程有限公司 | Building risk management method is worn under water conservancy tunnel |
| CN110020731A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-07-16 | 青岛理工大学 | A kind of subway third party monitoring system and method |
| CN112983441A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-18 | 中铁六局集团有限公司交通工程分公司 | Construction method for super-close side-crossing existing operation subway line |
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| CN112983441A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-18 | 中铁六局集团有限公司交通工程分公司 | Construction method for super-close side-crossing existing operation subway line |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105114127B (en) | 2016-12-28 |
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