CN105112082B - Pyrolysis device and pyrolysis equipment of coal - Google Patents
Pyrolysis device and pyrolysis equipment of coal Download PDFInfo
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- CN105112082B CN105112082B CN201510487206.6A CN201510487206A CN105112082B CN 105112082 B CN105112082 B CN 105112082B CN 201510487206 A CN201510487206 A CN 201510487206A CN 105112082 B CN105112082 B CN 105112082B
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 237
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 107
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004047 hole gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 138
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention provides a coal pyrolysis device and pyrolysis equipment, relates to a coal pyrolysis process, and solves the problem of high dust content in gas caused by direct heating of the conventional coal pyrolysis fluidization gas and coal. An apparatus for pyrolyzing coal, comprising: a housing; the housing defining an enclosed chamber having first and second opposing openings; at least one heating tube; the heating pipe is positioned in the cavity; a fluidization gas distribution plate; the fluidization gas distribution plate is located at the first opening of the cavity, a plurality of through holes are formed in the fluidization gas distribution plate, and the through holes are used for enabling fluidization gas and coal powder to flow from one side of the fluidization gas distribution plate to the other side of the fluidization gas distribution plate. The method is applied to coal pyrolysis equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pyrolytic process of coal more particularly to the pyrolysis installations and pyrolysis plant of a kind of coal.
Background technique
Coal resources in China rich reserves, and petroleum, natural gas resource relative shortage, therefore utilize reserves relative abundance
Coal resources production substitution oil product, chemical products and coal gas have important meaning to alleviate China to the pressure of oil and natural gas
Justice.And in world wide, the low-order coal with lignite, jet coal etc. for representative accounts for significant proportion again, works as this life in energy shortage
Boundary, the process change and comprehensive utilization for how improving coal have become focal issue concerned by people.
Shown in FIG. 1 is a kind of existing fluidized bed classification pyrolysis of coal equipment, including by low temperature pyrogenation room 14 and Gao Wenre
Pyrolysis chamber, divider wall 5, pyrolysis gas waste-heat recovery device 9, defeated device for coal 11, ash conveying device 13 that room 4 is constituted etc. is solved to constitute.Its
In, low temperature pyrogenation room 14 and high temperature pyrolysis room 4 are separated by divider wall 5, low temperature pyrogenation Room 14 and high temperature pyrolysis room 4 respectively every
Upper and lower part connection from wall 5.Defeated device for coal 11 and pyrolysis gas waste-heat recovery device 9 are placed in fluidized bed coal pyrolysis reactor heat
The top of room is solved, and the separation of the pyrolyzing coal 10 by transporting thereon blocks, more than top and the pyrolysis gas for making low temperature pyrogenation room 14
Heat recovery apparatus 9 is not connected directly logical, 9 phase of pyrolysis gas waste-heat recovery device on the top of high temperature pyrolysis room 4 and portion disposed thereon
Connection.
Pyrolyzing coal 10 successively enters low temperature pyrogenation room 14 after pyrolysis gas waste-heat recovery device 9 and defeated device for coal 11, high
Warm circulating ash 12 enters low temperature pyrogenation room 14 via ash conveying device 13, and in low temperature pyrogenation room, 14 lower part air distribution plate enters low temperature pyrogenation
Under the action of the low temperature pyrogenation room fluidized gas 15 of room 14, pyrolyzing coal 10 and high-temp circulating ash 12 are in the progress of low temperature pyrogenation room 14 low temperature
Partial heat is passed to pyrolyzing coal 10 by fluidisation mixing, high-temp circulating ash 12, and pyrolyzing coal 10 is under 300-650 DEG C of lower temperature
Pyrolytic reaction occurs, generates low temperature pyrogenation coal gas 7 and semicoke, low temperature pyrogenation coal gas 7 enters high temperature pyrolysis from the top of divider wall 5
The top of room 4, semicoke and high-temp circulating ash 12 enter the lower part of high temperature pyrolysis room 4 from the lower part of divider wall 5.In high temperature pyrolysis room
Under the action of fluidized gas 1, semicoke continues that pyrolytic reaction occurs under 600-950 DEG C of higher temperature, by the major part in semicoke
Fugitive constituent is precipitated, and generates high temperature pyrolysis coal gas 6 and the very low semicoke of volatile content.Bulky grain material 2 and small part in semicoke
High-temp circulating ash from the lower part discharge port output of high temperature pyrolysis room 4, the mixture 3 of most of high-temp circulating ash and semicoke composition from
The upper part discharge port of high temperature pyrolysis room 4 exports.The high temperature pyrolysis coal gas 6 of generation and entrance high temperature pyrolysis room 4 in high temperature pyrolysis room 4
Low temperature pyrogenation coal gas 74 top of high temperature pyrolysis room be mixed into medium temperature pyrolysis coal gas 8, medium temperature be pyrolyzed coal gas 8 enter pyrolysis gas
Waste-heat recovery device 9 and pyrolyzing coal 10 exchange heat, and transfer heat to pyrolyzing coal 10, and fluidized bed classification pyrolysis of coal equipment pyrolysis is anti-
The pyrolysis coal gas that should be generated enters after pyrolysis gas cleaning device so as to later use.
Fluidized bed classification pyrolysis of coal equipment shown in FIG. 1, using low temperature pyrogenation room and high temperature pyrolysis room, so that low temperature pyrogenation
The mixing of coal gas and high temperature pyrolysis coal gas realizes the secondary pyrolysis of tar in pyrolysis gas, increases the yield of pyrolysis coal gas.
But inventors have found that the existing technology has at least the following problems: first, due to using fluidizing gas and pyrolyzing coal
The method of direct contact heat transfer, it is therefore desirable to which the flow of fluidizing gas is big.Second, fluidizing gas and pyrolyzing coal are directly contacted and are changed
Heat causes the dustiness in gas high, to reduce the quality of gas and tar, increases the separating difficulty of tar.Third,
Circulating ash further increases the dustiness of gas and tar, reduces the quality of tar.4th, the pyrolysis temperature of above equipment
It is excessively high, tar yield is reduced, economic benefit is influenced.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides the pyrolysis installation and pyrolysis plant of a kind of coal, which is indirect heating, adds
Hot gas does not contact directly with pyrolyzing coal, can not only reduce gas flow, and dustiness is low in gas, improve the product of tar
Matter.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
On the one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of pyrolysis installations of coal, comprising:
Shell；The shell forms the chamber of an encirclement, and the chamber has opposite the first opening and the second opening；
At least one heating tube；The heating tube is located in the chamber；
Fluidized gas distribution grid；The fluidized gas distribution grid is located at the first opening of the chamber, the fluidized gas distribution
Multiple through-holes are formed on plate, the through-hole is used for so that fluidized gas and coal dust are flowed to from the side of the fluidized gas distribution grid
The other side.
Optionally, the heating tube is snake bend.
Optionally, further includes: the internal diameter of air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, the air inlet pipe and the escape pipe is greater than the heating
The internal diameter of pipe；The air inlet pipe and the escape pipe pass through the shell and protrude into the chamber, the both ends difference of the heating tube
It is connected to the air inlet pipe and the escape pipe.
Optionally, the heating tube is detachably connected to the escape pipe and the escape pipe.
Optionally, further includes: the fluidized gas distributor pipe being connected to the partial through holes on the fluidized gas distribution grid；
The fluidized gas distributor pipe includes opposite first end and second end, the first end and the fluidized gas distribution grid
On through-hole connection, the second end extends to second opening, is formed with multiple stomatas on the fluidized gas distributor pipe.
Optionally, the second end of the fluidized gas distributor pipe is provided with blast cap, and the blast cap is by the fluidized gas distributor pipe
Second end closing.
Optionally, the blast cap is frustroconical blast cap, and the big port radius of the blast cap is greater than the fluidized gas point
The outer diameter of stringing.
Optionally, further includes: the overflow pipe being connected to the partial through holes on the fluidized gas distribution grid；
The opposite end of the overflow pipe is located at the two sides of the fluidized gas distribution grid.
Optionally, the through-hole on the fluidized gas distribution grid is connected to fluidized gas distributor pipe or overflow pipe.
Optionally, the quantity of the fluidized gas distributor pipe is greater than the quantity of the overflow pipe.
Optionally, insulating layer is formed on the inner wall of the chamber.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of pyrolysis plants of coal, comprising:
Feed inlet, the pyrolysis chamber between the feed inlet and the discharge port, is located at the discharge port one at discharge port
The fluidisation port and air inlet of side and decomposition port and gas outlet positioned at the feed inlet side；
Wherein, the pyrolysis chamber include at least two it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention it is any as described in pyrolysis installation, institute
State at least two pyrolysis installations housings close connection, and the pyrolysis installation first opening towards the discharge port one
Side, the heating tube connection of two adjacent pyrolysis installations.
Optionally, the heating tube connection of two adjacent pyrolysis installations specifically:
The air inlet pipe of one of pyrolysis installation of two adjacent pyrolysis installations and another pyrolysis installation
Escape pipe connection.
Optionally, the air inlet pipe of one of pyrolysis installation of two adjacent pyrolysis installations and another pyrolysis
The escape pipe of device is detachable connection.
Optionally, further includes: feed space；The feed space and the pyrolysis chamber close to feed inlet one side closed connection,
The feed inlet is located at the feed space.
Optionally, the feed space includes heating tube, and the heating tube of the heating tube of the feed space and the pyrolysis chamber connects
It is logical.
Optionally, further includes: gas solid separation room；The gas solid separation room and the feed space closing connection and with described point
Port connection is solved, is provided with inward turning wind apparatus in the gas solid separation room；
The inward turning wind apparatus includes internal cyclone entrance and internal cyclone outlet, and the internal cyclone outlet stretches out in the gas
Gu separation chamber.
Optionally, further includes: discharge chamber；The discharge chamber and the pyrolysis chamber close to discharge port one side closed connection,
The discharge port is located at the discharge chamber.
Optionally, the discharge chamber includes heating tube, and the heating tube of the heating tube of the discharge chamber and the pyrolysis chamber connects
It is logical.
Optionally, further includes: inlet plenum；The inlet plenum and discharge chamber closing connect, and the discharge port is located at institute
State inlet plenum.
The embodiment of the present invention provides the pyrolysis installation and pyrolysis plant of a kind of coal, since coal dust is by adding in chamber
Heat pipe carries out heating and pyrolytic reaction occurs, and fluidized gas is in bubbling shape when fluidized gas enters chamber by through-hole, so that coal dust
It can carry out enough heating in the chamber pyrolytic reaction occurs, then the flow demand amount of one side fluidized gas is few；On the other hand,
Fluidized gas increases coal dust in the pyrolysis time of chamber, then in heating tube the temperature of heat gas can not need it is very high；Further
Aspect, coal dust are heated by heating tube, and gas not in the prior art and coal dust Direct Contact Heating, then the present invention is implemented
The dustiness of tar in example is low, can be improved the quality of tar.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is existing fluidized bed classification pyrolysis of coal equipment schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is a kind of pyrolysis installation schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the three-view diagram of pyrolysis installation shown in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is a kind of fluidized gas distribution grid schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the heating tube schematic diagram in pyrolysis installation shown in Fig. 2；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of a kind of fluidized gas distributor pipe and blast cap provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is a kind of pyrolysis plant schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the three-view diagram of pyrolysis plant shown in Fig. 7；
Fig. 9 is the enlarged drawing of part A shown in Fig. 7；
Figure 10 is a kind of schematic cross-section of gas solid separation room provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Appended drawing reference:
1- high temperature pyrolysis room fluidized gas；The bottom 2- bulky grain material；3- mixture；4- high temperature pyrolysis room；5- divider wall；6- high
Warm solution coal gas；7- low temperature pyrogenation coal gas；8- medium temperature is pyrolyzed coal gas；9- pyrolysis gas waste-heat recovery device；10- pyrolyzing coal；11- is defeated
Device for coal；12- high-temp circulating ash；13- ash conveying device；14- low temperature pyrogenation room；15- low temperature pyrogenation room fluidized gas；20- pyrolysis dress
It sets；21- shell；22- chamber；23- heating tube；24- fluidized gas distribution grid；25- air inlet pipe；26- escape pipe；27- fluidized gas point
Stringing；28- blast cap；29- overflow pipe；30- insulating layer；31- connecting tube；40- pyrolysis plant；41- feed inlet；42- discharge port；
43- fluidizes port；44- decomposes port；The pyrolysis chamber 45-；46- feed space；47- gas solid separation room；48- discharge chamber；49- air inlet
Room；241- through-hole；271- first end；272- second end；273- stomata；451- air inlet；The gas outlet 452-；471- internal cyclone dress
It sets.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of pyrolysis installations 20 of coal, as Figure 2-Figure 5, comprising:
Shell 21；Shell 21 forms the chamber 22 of an encirclement, and there is the first opposite opening 221 and second of chamber 22 to open
Mouth 222；
At least one heating tube 23；Heating tube 23 is located in chamber 22；
Fluidized gas distribution grid 24；Fluidized gas distribution grid 24 is located at the first opening 221 of chamber 33.As shown in figure 4, fluidisation
It is formed with multiple through-holes 241 on gas distribution grid 24, through-hole 241 is used for so that fluidized gas and coal dust are from the one of fluidized gas distribution grid 24
Effluent is to the other side.
It should be noted that shell forms the chamber of an encirclement, shell can be arbitrary shape, and the embodiment of the present invention is only
It is described in detail for shown in the drawings.Chamber has opposite the first opening and the second opening, then chamber is any one
A opening can be the first opening, then another opening is the second opening.In order to which pyrolysis installation reaches realization bubbling fluidization
The pyrolysis of bed, fluidized gas, which specifically can be from the first opening of chamber, enters chamber, then fluidized gas is from fluidized gas point
Fabric swatch flows to fluidized gas distribution grid close to the side of the second opening close to the side of the first opening, it can is flowed to outside chamber
In chamber.Coal dust, which specifically can be from the second of chamber the opening, enters chamber, then coal dust is from fluidized gas distribution grid close to the
The side of two openings flows to fluidized gas distribution grid close to the side of the first opening, it can is to flow to chamber out of chamber to be.
In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the maximum particle diameter of coal dust is less than the diameter of through-hole, it can by through-hole from fluidisation
The side of gas distribution grid flows to the pulverized coal particle of other side, and is not specifically limited to its specific partial size.For example, coal dust is from logical
Hole passes through, and maximum particle diameter can be different according to the difference of the diameter of through-hole.It therefore, in the actual production process, can basis
The size of the size selection pulverized coal particle of through-hole, cannot achieve pyrolysis to prevent coal dust from blocking through-hole.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of pyrolysis installations, are open from the second of pyrolysis installation defeated to the chamber of pyrolysis installation
Enter coal dust, be open from the first of pyrolysis installation and be passed through fluidized gas to pyrolysis installation, fluidized gas passes through logical on fluidized gas distribution grid
Hole enters chamber and coal dust is moved in the chamber, to be heated by heating tube to the coal dust in chamber, so that coal dust exists
Pyrolytic reaction occurs in chamber, while the coal dust after part generation pyrolytic reaction passes through fluidized gas distribution grid from through-hole, from pyrolysis
Device discharge.
Pyrolysis installation provided in an embodiment of the present invention, since coal dust is to carry out heating by heating tube heat occurs in chamber
Solution reaction, and fluidized gas is in bubbling shape when fluidized gas enters chamber by through-hole, so that coal dust can carry out enough in the chamber
Heating pyrolytic reaction occurs, then the flow demand amount of one side fluidized gas is few；On the other hand, fluidized gas increases coal dust and exists
The pyrolysis time of chamber, then the temperature of heat gas may not necessarily be very high in heating tube；In another aspect, coal dust is added by heating tube
Heat, and gas heating not in the prior art, then the dustiness of tar is low, can be improved the quality of tar.
Preferably, as shown in figure 4, heating tube 23 is snake bend.Specifically, heating tube can be as shown, having
Multiple back bending, row are wound in chamber.Multiple back bending can effectively absorb longitudinal high-temperature expansion.Heating tube can also be disk
Shape, row are wound in chamber.Heating tube is snake bend, to increase heating tube in the indoor length of chamber, the rate of heat addition is improved, to mention
The temperature of high chamber.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, pyrolysis installation 20 further include: air inlet pipe 25 and escape pipe 26, air inlet pipe 25 and go out
The internal diameter of tracheae 26 is greater than the internal diameter of heating tube 23；Air inlet pipe 25 and escape pipe 26 pass through shell 21 and protrude into chamber 22, heating tube
23 both ends are connected to air inlet pipe 25 and escape pipe 26 respectively.Due to including multiple heating tubes in chamber, for convenience to each
Heating tube is passed through gas, further includes air inlet pipe in pyrolysis installation.Similarly, facilitate discharge in order to facilitate gas in heating tube, be pyrolyzed
Device can also include escape pipe.
It should be noted that being connected to the circulation to connect and can realize air in the embodiment of the present invention.Specifically, to add
For heat pipe is connected to air inlet pipe, heating tube is connected to the specific heating tube that can be with air inlet pipe and welds together with air inlet pipe, heats
Pipe is connected to the circulation that can also realize air with air inlet pipe.
Exemplary, pyrolysis installation further includes air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, the both ends of heating tube respectively with air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe
Connection.Specifically, it can be as shown in figure 5, heating tube 23 is both connected in connecting tube 31, connecting tube 31 is connect with air inlet pipe 25,
So that heating tube 23 is connected to air inlet pipe 25.It is, of course, also possible to be after heating tube is bent, heating tube directly connects with air inlet pipe
It connects.
On the other hand, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the air inlet pipe 25 of pyrolysis installation 20 and escape pipe 26 pass through shell 21 and protrude into chamber
Room 22, i.e. air inlet pipe 25 and escape pipe 26 are located at the outside of chamber 22, then multiple pyrolysis installations 20 can pass through 25 He of air inlet pipe
Multi-stage heating is realized in the connection of escape pipe 26.Specifically it is described in detail in pyrolysis plant.
On the other hand, the pyrolysis installation in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 5, the both ends of heating tube 23 respectively with air inlet
Pipe 25 is connected to escape pipe 26, and heating tube 23 is hanging in chamber without other supports, i.e. heating tube, so as to effectively absorb
Lateral high-temperature expansion, to avoid the influence of deformation exchange heat pipe under high temperature.
Preferably, as shown in figure 5, heating tube 23 is detachably connected with escape pipe 26 and air inlet pipe 25.Specifically, heating tube
It can be with escape pipe and air inlet pipe and be detachably connected by realizations such as screw threads.If a wherein heating tube damage in this way, convenient
Replacement and maintenance.
Preferably, as shown in figure 4, pyrolysis installation 20 further includes being connected to the partial through holes 241 of fluidized gas distribution grid 24
Fluidized gas distributor pipe 27, as shown in fig. 6, fluidized gas distributor pipe 27 includes opposite first end 271 and second end 272, first end
271 connect with the through-hole 241 on fluidized gas distribution grid 24, and second end 272 extends to the second opening 222, fluidized gas distributor pipe 27
On be formed with multiple stomatas 273.I.e. fluidized gas enters chamber by fluidized gas distributor pipe, and fluidized gas can be distributed from fluidized gas
Stomata discharge on pipe, enhances the bubbling effect of gas.
It is further preferred that blast cap 28 will as shown in fig. 6, the second end 272 of fluidized gas distributor pipe 27 is provided with blast cap 28
The second end 272 of fluidized gas distributor pipe 27 is closed.Blast cap closes the second end of fluidized gas distributor pipe, so that coal dust be avoided to carry out
Fluidized gas is distributed blockage by fluidized gas distributor pipe.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 6, blast cap 28 is frustroconical blast cap, and the big port radius of blast cap 28 is greater than fluidized gas
The outer diameter of distributor pipe 27, i.e. b > a.It should be noted that truncated cones include upper bottom surface, bottom surface and side, wherein on
Bottom surface and bottom surface are circle, when the radius difference of upper bottom surface and bottom surface, the biggish bottom surface radius of radius is referred to as big
Port radius.The big port radius of blast cap is greater than the outer diameter of fluidized gas distributor pipe, i.e., the second end of fluidized gas distributor pipe is completely by blast cap
Masking, to prevent coal dust from flowing out from fluidized gas distributor pipe.
Preferably, as shown in figure 4, pyrolysis installation 20 further includes being connected to the partial through holes 241 on fluidized gas distribution grid 24
Overflow pipe 29, the opposite end of overflow pipe 29 is located at the two sides of fluidized gas distribution grid 24, so that coal dust is from fluidized gas
The side of distribution grid flows to the other side.It is discharged by the overflow pipe from chamber in the coal dust of chamber.It should be noted that coal dust
It is hanging under the bubbling effect of fluidized gas in pyrolysis installation, and fall under the effect of gravity, then the height of overflow pipe can root
It is adjusted according to the size of the fluidized gas in pyrolysis installation, so that part coal dust is discharged from the overflow pipe.
Preferably, the through-hole on fluidized gas distribution grid is connected to fluidized gas distributor pipe or overflow pipe.I.e. fluidized gas is distributed
Partial through holes on plate are connected to fluidized gas distributor pipe, and remaining partial through holes are connected to overflow pipe.And further, fluidized gas
The quantity of fluidized gas distributor pipe on distribution grid is greater than the quantity of overflow pipe.
Preferably, as shown in Fig. 2, being formed with insulating layer 30 on the inner wall of chamber 22.To carry out isolation heat preservation to chamber, increase
Add the heat insulation effect of chamber.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of pyrolysis plants of coal, comprising:
Feed inlet, discharge port, the pyrolysis chamber between inlet port and outlet port, the fluidisation port positioned at discharge port side
With air inlet and positioned at the decomposition port of feed inlet side and gas outlet；Wherein, pyrolysis chamber includes at least two such as present invention
The pyrolysis installation for any one that embodiment provides, the housings close connection of at least two pyrolysis installations, and the first of pyrolysis installation
Towards the side of discharge port, the heating tube of two adjacent pyrolysis installations is connected to opening.
It should be noted that the pyrolysis plant of coal provided in an embodiment of the present invention, has more between inlet port and outlet port
A pyrolysis installation, coal dust enter pyrolysis plant from feed inlet, by being discharged after multiple pyrolysis installations from discharge port, each pyrolysis dress
It sets and makes coal dust that pyrolytic reaction occur coal dust progress primary heating respectively, then multiple pyrolysis installations can enter to from feed inlet
Coal dust carry out Multi-stage heating, to improve the pyrolysis efficiency of coal dust, tar of generation etc. is from decomposing port discharge.Another party
Face, fluidisation port are located at the side of discharge port, and fluidisation port divides by the fluidized gas of pyrolysis installation provided in an embodiment of the present invention
It is formed and is bubbled after fabric swatch, that is, formed bubbling fluidization air-bed, be more advantageous to heating and pyrolysis of the coal dust in each pyrolysis installation, into
One step improves pyrolysis efficiency.
In the following, a kind of specific embodiment of the pyrolysis plant of coal provided in an embodiment of the present invention, during the present invention will be described in detail
Pyrolysis plant, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, a kind of pyrolysis plant 40 of coal includes:
Feed inlet 41, the pyrolysis chamber 45 between feed inlet 41 and discharge port 42, is located at discharge port 42 1 at discharge port 42
The fluidisation port 43 and air inlet 451 of side and decomposition port 44 and gas outlet 452 positioned at 41 side of feed inlet；
Wherein, pyrolysis chamber 45 includes that at least two such as embodiment of the present invention provide any pyrolysis installation 20, and at least two
The shell 21 of a pyrolysis installation 20 closes connection, and 20 first openings 221 of pyrolysis installation are towards the side of discharge port 42, phase
The heating tube 23 of two adjacent pyrolysis installations 20 is connected to.
It should be noted that gas outlet and air inlet can be in pyrolysis chamber, the embodiment of the present invention and attached drawing 7,8,
Pyrolysis installation further includes feed space 46 and discharge chamber 48, and feed space 46 and discharging Room 48 include heating tube, and feed space
46 and the heating tube of discharge chamber 48 be connected to the heating tube of pyrolysis chamber 45, then in Fig. 7, Fig. 8, the air inlet of pyrolysis chamber and discharging
The gas outlet of room connects, and the gas outlet of pyrolysis chamber and the air inlet of feed space connect, then as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, pyrolysis plant
Air inlet 452 is located at feed space 46, and gas outlet 451 is located at discharge chamber 48.
Specifically, the pyrolysis chamber between inlet port and outlet port, i.e. inlet port and outlet port are located at pyrolysis chamber
Two sides.Fluidisation port and discharge port are located at the same side of pyrolysis chamber, decompose port and feed inlet is located at the same side of pyrolysis chamber.
The housings closes of at least two pyrolysis installations connects, and the first opening of pyrolysis installation towards discharge port one
Side, the heating tube connection of two adjacent pyrolysis installations, the opposite end of overflow pipe are located at two adjacent pyrolysis installations,
I.e. coal dust can be expelled to another pyrolysis installation from a pyrolysis installation, and each pyrolysis installation can realize that level-one heats, at least
Multi-stage heating can be thus achieved in two pyrolysis installations, so that pyrolytic reaction of the coal dust in pyrolysis plant is complete, improves coal
Conversion and utilization rate.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, since shell is formed with outside flange in the first opening and the second opening, then
Adjacent two pyrolysis installations closing connection can be two adjacent pyrolysis installations are aligned after, turned over by screw
While fixing, so that the closing connection of two pyrolysis installations is realized, so that the assembling of pyrolysis installation is more convenient.
Preferably, when pyrolysis installation 20 includes air inlet pipe 25 and escape pipe 26, as shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 9, two adjacent heat
The heating tube 23 for solving device 20 is connected to specifically:
The air inlet pipe 25 of one of pyrolysis installation of two adjacent pyrolysis installations 20 and another pyrolysis installation
Escape pipe 26 is connected to.Since the air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe of pyrolysis installation is in the outside of pyrolysis installation, then by the air inlet of pyrolysis installation
Pipe is connected to the pipe of going out of another pyrolysis installation, facilitates the disassembly and connection of multiple pyrolysis installations.
Preferably, the air inlet pipe of one of pyrolysis installation of two adjacent pyrolysis installations and another pyrolysis installation
Escape pipe be detachably connected to.Specifically, it, which can be, realizes detachable connection by flange, to facilitate the disassembly of pyrolysis installation
And assembling.
Optionally, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, pyrolysis plant 40 further include: feed space 46；Feed space 46 and pyrolysis chamber 45 are close
The one side closed connection of feed inlet 41, feed inlet 41 are located at feed space 46.Specifically, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, the embodiment of the present invention
Middle feed space is that feed inlet is arranged simultaneously in pyrolysis installation provided in an embodiment of the present invention, to be pyrolyzed to coal dust.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, pyrolysis plant 40 further include: gas solid separation room 47；Gas solid separation room 47 and charging
The closing of room 46 is connected and is connected to port is decomposed, and as shown in Figure 10, inward turning wind apparatus 471 is provided in gas solid separation room 47,
Inward turning wind apparatus includes internal cyclone entrance and internal cyclone outlet, and internal cyclone outlet stretches out in gas solid separation room.Due to gas-solid point
It is connected to from room with port is decomposed, then in the case where pyrolysis plant further includes gas solid separation room, as shown in Fig. 8, Figure 10, internal cyclone
Outlet is to decompose port 44.It should be noted that the tar etc. that pyrolytic reaction generates, passes through inward turning by gas solid separation room 47
Wind apparatus 48 carries out gravitational settling and centrifugal sedimentation, reduces the dustiness in tar to greatest extent.About inward turning wind apparatus
Specific structure can refer to the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention is not construed as limiting it.
Optionally, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, pyrolysis plant 40 further include: discharge chamber 48；Discharge chamber 48 and pyrolysis chamber 45 are close
The one side closed connection of discharge port 42, discharge port 42 are located at discharge chamber 48.Specifically, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, the embodiment of the present invention
Middle discharge chamber is that discharge port is arranged simultaneously in pyrolysis installation provided in an embodiment of the present invention, to be pyrolyzed to coal dust.
Optionally, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, pyrolysis plant 40 further include: inlet plenum 49；Inlet plenum 49 and discharge chamber 48 are closed
Connection, fluidisation port 43 are located at inlet plenum 49.
Below with reference to the pyrolysis plant in the embodiment of the present invention, it is described in detail and the pyrolysis for carrying out coal is set using the pyrolysis
Process.
As shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, pyrolysis plant provided in an embodiment of the present invention is multilayer bubbling fluidization bed structure, from top to bottom
Including gas solid separation room 47, feed space 46, pyrolysis chamber 45, discharge chamber 48, inlet plenum 49.Wherein, feed space 46 is with charging
The pyrolysis installation 20 of mouth, discharge chamber 48 are the pyrolysis installation 20 with discharge port, and pyrolysis chamber 45 passes through flanged joint including multiple
Pyrolysis installation 20, pyrolysis chamber 45 is connected to the heating tube 23 of feed space and discharge chamber.Lead between the different sections of pyrolysis plant
Flanged joint is crossed to be convenient for changing
Coal dust enters feed space 46 from feed inlet 41, is circulated from top to bottom by overflow pipe 29；Fluidized gas self-fluidized type port
43 enter inlet plenum 49, are flowed up by fluidized gas distributor pipe 27, bubbling fluidized bed are mixed to form in pyrolysis installation, and flow
Change after gas often passes through one layer of pyrolysis installation 20 and redistributed by fluidized gas distributor pipe 27, to ensure that fluidized bed
Bed it is uniform and stable, avoid that bed layer pressure is excessively high and the generation of channel, dead zone.Meanwhile hot fume or hot combustion gas are by changing
The air inlet 451 of heat pipe lower end sequentially enter each pyrolysis installation serpentine heating pipe 23 and each layer of pyrolysis installation 20 coal dust into
In each pyrolysis installation 20 pyrolytic reaction occurs for row indirect heat exchange, coal dust, since hot fume do not contact with pyrolysis gas, does not mix
It closes, then pyrolysis gas quality is high, and coal dust occurs the tar that pyrolytic reaction generates and is easily isolated.Meanwhile the tar that pyrolytic reaction generates
Deng carrying out gravitational settling and centrifugal sedimentation by 48 device of internal cyclone by gas solid separation room 47, reduce coke to greatest extent
Dustiness in oil.
In addition, pulverized coal particle overflows to next layer of bubbling fluidization bed by each overflow pipe.By the charging for controlling fine coal
It can control the bed height of each fluidized-bed layer with discharging speed, thus reach control heat exchange, the mesh of pressure drop and treating capacity
's.
Pyrolysis plant provided in an embodiment of the present invention, flue gas air inflow are 600Nm3/h, and intake air temperature is 800 DEG C, outlet
Temperature is 350 DEG C, and fine coal treating capacity is 800kg/h；Needing fluidization gas is 300Nm3/h, and the tar of generation is 56kg/h, is produced
Raw pyrolysis gas is 120kg/h, and generation semicoke is 500kg/h.It is different with the mode that coal dust directly contacts with existing fluidized gas,
The temperature of existing fluidized gas is generally 600-950 DEG C of high temperature, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the intake air temperature of flue gas is generally
800 DEG C, air outlet temperature is generally 350 DEG C, and the temperature of flue gas is smaller, and coal dust can be realized multistage from feed inlet to discharge port
Heating, and heating temperature is gradually increased, coal dust stepped heating, improves the pyrolysis efficiency of coal dust.
The present invention had both taken full advantage of fluidized bed biography by the way that plurality of rows of serpentine heating pipe to be embedded in bubbling fluidized bed bed
The advantages that hot coefficient is high, and pyrolysis time is short realizes flue gas again and separates with pyrolysis gas, and it is big to avoid fluidized bed dust carrying amount, bed
The disadvantages of layer is unstable, obtained tar dustiness is few, is easily isolated.It can effectively be inhaled by using snakelike heat exchange tube simultaneously
Receive the bending deformation that expansion avoids heat exchanger tube under high temperature.Variant section of shell is detachably fixed, to realize modularization group
Dress, is easily changed.Finally, this pyrolysis plant can be handled less than 1mm fine coal, have treating capacity big, flexible operation, temperature is easy control
The advantages that processed.
In addition, in the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, the orientation of the instructions such as term " on ", "lower" or position are closed
System is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, rather than indicates
Or imply that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore cannot understand
For limitation of the present invention.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all contain
Lid is within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the described claims.
Claims (16)
1. a kind of pyrolysis installation of coal characterized by comprising
Shell；The shell forms the chamber of an encirclement, and the chamber has opposite the first opening and the second opening；
At least one heating tube；The heating tube is located in the chamber；The heating tube is snake bend；
Fluidized gas distribution grid；The fluidized gas distribution grid is located at the first opening of the chamber, on the fluidized gas distribution grid
Multiple through-holes are formed with, fluidized gas enters chamber by the through-hole, and the coal dust after pyrolytic reaction passes through fluidisation from the through-hole
Gas distribution grid is discharged from pyrolysis installation；
Further, the pyrolysis installation further include: the fluidized gas being connected to the partial through holes on the fluidized gas distribution grid point
Stringing；
The fluidized gas distributor pipe includes opposite first end and second end, in the first end and the fluidized gas distribution grid
Through-hole connection, the second end extend to second opening, are formed with multiple stomatas on the fluidized gas distributor pipe.
2. pyrolysis installation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include: air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, the air inlet pipe
It is greater than the internal diameter of the heating tube with the internal diameter of the escape pipe；The air inlet pipe and the escape pipe pass through the shell and protrude into
The chamber, the both ends of the heating tube are connected to the air inlet pipe and the escape pipe respectively.
3. pyrolysis installation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the heating tube detachably connects with the escape pipe
It is logical.
4. pyrolysis installation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the second end of the fluidized gas distributor pipe is provided with wind
Cap, the blast cap close the second end of the fluidized gas distributor pipe.
5. pyrolysis installation according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the blast cap is frustroconical blast cap, and described
The big port radius of blast cap is greater than the outer diameter of the fluidized gas distributor pipe.
6. pyrolysis installation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include: with the portion on the fluidized gas distribution grid
Divide the overflow pipe of through-hole connection；
The opposite end of the overflow pipe is located at the two sides of the fluidized gas distribution grid.
7. pyrolysis installation according to claim 6, which is characterized in that through-hole on the fluidized gas distribution grid with fluidisation
Gas distributor pipe or overflow pipe connection.
8. pyrolysis installation according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the quantity of the fluidized gas distributor pipe is greater than described overflow
The quantity of flow tube.
9. pyrolysis installation according to claim 1-8, which is characterized in that be formed with guarantor on the inner wall of the chamber
Warm layer.
10. a kind of pyrolysis plant of coal characterized by comprising
Feed inlet, discharge port, the pyrolysis chamber between the feed inlet and the discharge port, positioned at the discharge port side
Fluidize port and air inlet and decomposition port and gas outlet positioned at the feed inlet side；
Wherein, the pyrolysis chamber includes at least two such as the described in any item pyrolysis installations of claim 1-9, and described at least two
The housings close of pyrolysis installation connects, and side of the first opening of the pyrolysis installation towards the discharge port, adjacent
The heating tube connection of two pyrolysis installations；
Further, the pyrolysis plant further includes feed space；The feed space and the pyrolysis chamber are close to the side of feed inlet
Closing connection, the feed inlet are located at the feed space；
Further, the pyrolysis plant further includes gas solid separation room；The gas solid separation room and feed space closing connect
And be connected to the decomposition port, inward turning wind apparatus is provided in the gas solid separation room；
The inward turning wind apparatus includes internal cyclone entrance and internal cyclone outlet, and the internal cyclone outlet stretches out in the gas-solid point
From room.
11. pyrolysis plant according to claim 10, which is characterized in that two adjacent pyrolysis installations add
Heat pipe connection specifically:
The air inlet pipe of one of pyrolysis installation of two adjacent pyrolysis installations and the outlet of another pyrolysis installation
Pipe connection.
12. pyrolysis plant according to claim 11, which is characterized in that wherein the one of two adjacent pyrolysis installations
The air inlet pipe of a pyrolysis installation is detachably to be connected to the escape pipe of another pyrolysis installation.
13. pyrolysis plant according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the feed space includes heating tube, the charging
The heating tube of room is connected to the heating tube of the pyrolysis chamber.
14. pyrolysis plant according to claim 10, which is characterized in that further include:
Discharge chamber；Close to the one side closed connection of discharge port, the discharge port is located at described for the discharge chamber and the pyrolysis chamber
Discharge chamber.
15. pyrolysis plant according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the discharge chamber includes heating tube, the discharging
The heating tube of room is connected to the heating tube of the pyrolysis chamber.
16. pyrolysis plant according to claim 14, which is characterized in that further include:
Inlet plenum；The inlet plenum and discharge chamber closing connect, and the discharge port is located at the inlet plenum.
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| CN205099625U (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2016-03-23 | 航天长征化学工程股份有限公司 | Pyrolysis device and pyrolysis equipment of coal |
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| JP2014019835A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-02-03 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | Carbonization apparatus and carbonization method |
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| CN101486919A (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2009-07-22 | 北京海润川投资咨询有限公司 | Sectional temperature-controlled fluidized bed type biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor |
| CN102199437A (en) * | 2011-04-23 | 2011-09-28 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Large-scale low-order brown coal upgrading tower |
| CN102839001A (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2012-12-26 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Pyrolysis apparatus and method for production of light tar |
| CN102604683A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-07-25 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Method for co-production of synthetic gas and coal tar |
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