CN105112082A - Pyrolysis device and pyrolysis equipment of coal - Google Patents
Pyrolysis device and pyrolysis equipment of coal Download PDFInfo
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- CN105112082A CN105112082A CN201510487206.6A CN201510487206A CN105112082A CN 105112082 A CN105112082 A CN 105112082A CN 201510487206 A CN201510487206 A CN 201510487206A CN 105112082 A CN105112082 A CN 105112082A
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- coal
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 242
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 143
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention provides a coal pyrolysis device and pyrolysis equipment, relates to a coal pyrolysis process, and solves the problem of high dust content in gas caused by direct heating of the conventional coal pyrolysis fluidization gas and coal. An apparatus for pyrolyzing coal, comprising: a housing; the housing defining an enclosed chamber having first and second opposing openings; at least one heating tube; the heating pipe is positioned in the cavity; a fluidization gas distribution plate; the fluidization gas distribution plate is located at the first opening of the cavity, a plurality of through holes are formed in the fluidization gas distribution plate, and the through holes are used for enabling fluidization gas and coal powder to flow from one side of the fluidization gas distribution plate to the other side of the fluidization gas distribution plate. The method is applied to coal pyrolysis equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pyrolytic process of coal, particularly relate to a kind of pyrolysis installation and pyrolysis plant of coal.
Background technology
Coal resources in China rich reserves, and oil, natural gas source relative shortage, therefore utilize the coal resources of reserves relative abundance to produce alternative oil product, Chemicals and coal gas significant to alleviate the pressure of China to oil and natural gas.And in world wide, the low-rank coal being representative with brown coal, long-flame coal etc. accounts for again significant proportion, in the energy-intensive world today, how to improve the process change of coal and fully utilize the focal issue having become people and paid close attention to.
Shown in Fig. 1 is existing a kind of fluidized bed classification pyrolysis of coal equipment, comprises the pyrolysis chamber, divider wall 5, pyrolysis gas waste-heat recovery device 9, defeated device for coal 11, ash conveying device 13 etc. that are made up of low temperature pyrogenation room 14 and high temperature pyrolysis room 4 and forms.Wherein, low temperature pyrogenation room 14 and high temperature pyrolysis room 4 are separated by divider wall 5, and low temperature pyrogenation 14 Room is communicated with in the upper and lower of divider wall 5 respectively with high temperature pyrolysis room 4.Defeated device for coal 11 and pyrolysis gas waste-heat recovery device 9 are placed in the top of fluidized bed coal pyrolysis reactor pyrolysis chamber, and pass through the separation shutoff of the pyrolyzing coal 10 that it transports, the top of low temperature pyrogenation room 14 is not directly connected with pyrolysis gas waste-heat recovery device 9, and the top of high temperature pyrolysis room 4 is connected with the pyrolysis gas waste-heat recovery device 9 being located thereon portion.
Pyrolyzing coal 10 successively enters low temperature pyrogenation room 14 after pyrolysis gas waste-heat recovery device 9 and defeated device for coal 11, high-temp circulating ash 12 enters low temperature pyrogenation room 14 via ash conveying device 13, under the effect of low temperature pyrogenation room fluidized gas 15 that bottom, low temperature pyrogenation room 14 air distribution plate enters low temperature pyrogenation room 14, pyrolyzing coal 10 carries out low temperature fluidized mixing with high-temp circulating ash 12 in low temperature pyrogenation room 14, partial heat is passed to pyrolyzing coal 10 by high-temp circulating ash 12, pyrolyzing coal 10 issues raw pyrolytic reaction at the lesser temps of 300-650 DEG C, produce low temperature pyrogenation coal gas 7 and semicoke, low temperature pyrogenation coal gas 7 enters the top of high temperature pyrolysis room 4 from the top of divider wall 5, semicoke and high-temp circulating ash 12 enter the bottom of high temperature pyrolysis room 4 from the bottom of divider wall 5.Under the effect of high temperature pyrolysis room fluidized gas 1, semicoke continues pyrolytic reaction occurs under the comparatively high temps of 600-950 DEG C, is separated out by the most of fugitive constituent in semicoke, produces high temperature pyrolysis coal gas 6 and the very low semicoke of volatile content.Macrobead material 2 in semicoke and small part high-temp circulating ash export from the bottom discharge port of high temperature pyrolysis room 4, and the compound 3 of most of high-temp circulating ash and semicoke composition exports from the upper part discharge port of high temperature pyrolysis room 4.The high temperature pyrolysis coal gas 6 produced in high temperature pyrolysis room 4 and the low temperature pyrogenation coal gas 7 warm solution coal gas 8 in top, high temperature pyrolysis room 4 is mixed into entering high temperature pyrolysis room 4, in warm solution coal gas 8 enter pyrolysis gas waste-heat recovery device 9 and pyrolyzing coal 10 heat exchange, transfer heat to pyrolyzing coal 10, so that later use after the pyrolysis coal gas that this fluidized bed classification pyrolysis of coal equipment pyrolytic reaction produces enters pyrolyzing coal air purifying apparatus.
Fluidized bed classification pyrolysis of coal equipment shown in Fig. 1, adopts low temperature pyrogenation room and high temperature pyrolysis room, makes the mixing of low temperature pyrogenation coal gas and high temperature pyrolysis coal gas, achieve the secondary pyrolysis that pyrolysis gas is coal-tar middle oil, add the output of pyrolysis coal gas.
But contriver finds, prior art at least exists following problem: the first, owing to have employed the method for fluidizing agent and pyrolyzing coal direct contact heat transfer, therefore needs the flow of fluidizing agent large.The second, fluidizing agent and pyrolyzing coal direct contact heat transfer, cause the dustiness in gas high, thus reduce the quality of gas and tar, add the separating difficulty of tar.3rd, circulating ash further increases the dustiness of gas and tar, reduces the quality of tar.4th, the pyrolysis temperature of aforesaid device is too high, reduces tar yield, affects economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of pyrolysis installation and pyrolysis plant of coal, and this pyrolysis installation is indirect heating, and heated air does not directly contact with pyrolyzing coal, not only can reduce gas flow, and in gas, dustiness are low, improve the quality of tar.
For achieving the above object, embodiments of the invention adopt following technical scheme:
On the one hand, embodiments provide a kind of pyrolysis installation of coal, comprising:
Housing; Described housing forms a chamber surrounded, and described chamber has the first relative opening and the second opening;
At least one heating tube; Described heating tube is positioned at described chamber;
Fluidized gas grid distributor; Described fluidized gas grid distributor is positioned at the first opening part of described chamber, and described fluidized gas grid distributor is formed with multiple through hole, and described through hole is provided for fluidized gas and coal dust flows to opposite side from the side of described fluidized gas grid distributor.
Optionally, described heating tube is snake bend.
Optionally, also comprise: inlet pipe and escape pipe, the internal diameter of described inlet pipe and described escape pipe is greater than the internal diameter of described heating tube; Described inlet pipe and described escape pipe stretch into described chamber through described housing, and the two ends of described heating tube are communicated with described escape pipe with described inlet pipe respectively.
Optionally, described heating tube is detachably communicated with described escape pipe with described escape pipe.
Optionally, also comprise: the fluidized gas distribution pipe be communicated with the partial through holes on described fluidized gas grid distributor;
Described fluidized gas distribution pipe comprises relative first end and the second end, and described first end is connected with the through hole on described fluidized gas grid distributor, and described second end extends to described second opening, and described fluidized gas distribution pipe is formed with multiple pore.
Optionally, the second end of described fluidized gas distribution pipe is provided with blast cap, and the second end of described fluidized gas distribution pipe is closed by described blast cap.
Optionally, described blast cap is frustroconical blast cap, and the large port radius of described blast cap is greater than the external diameter of described fluidized gas distribution pipe.
Optionally, also comprise: the upflow tube be communicated with the partial through holes on described fluidized gas grid distributor;
The opposite end of described upflow tube lays respectively at the both sides of described fluidized gas grid distributor.
Optionally, the through hole on described fluidized gas grid distributor is all communicated with fluidized gas distribution pipe or upflow tube.
Optionally, the quantity of described fluidized gas distribution pipe is greater than the quantity of described upflow tube.
Optionally, the inwall of described chamber is formed with thermal insulation layer.
On the other hand, embodiments provide a kind of pyrolysis plant of coal, comprising:
Opening for feed, discharge port, the pyrolysis chamber between described opening for feed and described discharge port, the fluidisation gas port being positioned at described discharge port side and inlet mouth and be positioned at decomposition gas port and the air outlet of described opening for feed side;
Wherein, described pyrolysis chamber comprise at least two as the embodiment of the present invention provide arbitrary as described in pyrolysis installation, the housings close of described at least two pyrolysis installations connects, and the first opening of described pyrolysis installation is all towards the side of described discharge port, the heating tube of two adjacent described pyrolysis installations is communicated with.
Optionally, the heating tube connection of described two adjacent described pyrolysis installations is specially:
The inlet pipe of one of them pyrolysis installation of two adjacent described pyrolysis installations is communicated with the escape pipe of another one pyrolysis installation.
Optionally, the inlet pipe of one of them pyrolysis installation of two adjacent described pyrolysis installations and the escape pipe of another one pyrolysis installation are for be detachably communicated with.
Optionally, also comprise: feed chamber; Described feed chamber is connected near the one side closed of opening for feed with described pyrolysis chamber, and described opening for feed is positioned at described feed chamber.
Optionally, described feed chamber comprises heating tube, and the heating tube of described feed chamber is communicated with the heating tube of described pyrolysis chamber.
Optionally, also comprise: gas solid separation room; Described gas solid separation room is closed with described feed chamber and is connected and is communicated with described decomposition gas port, and described gas solid separation indoor are provided with internal cyclone device;
Described internal cyclone device comprises internal cyclone entrance and internal cyclone outlet, and described internal cyclone outlet stretches out in described gas solid separation room.
Optionally, also comprise: discharge chamber; Described discharge chamber is connected near the one side closed of discharge port with described pyrolysis chamber, and described discharge port is positioned at described discharge chamber.
Optionally, described discharge chamber comprises heating tube, and the heating tube of described discharge chamber is communicated with the heating tube of described pyrolysis chamber.
Optionally, also comprise: inlet plenum; Described inlet plenum is closed with described discharge chamber and is connected, and described discharge port is positioned at described inlet plenum.
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of pyrolysis installation and pyrolysis plant of coal, because coal dust is carry out heating by heating tube pyrolytic reaction occurs in chamber, and fluidized gas when entering chamber by through hole fluidized gas be bubbling shape, to make coal dust can carry out enough heating in the chamber there is pyrolytic reaction, then the traffic demand amount of fluidized gas is few on the one hand; On the other hand, fluidized gas adds the pyrolysis time of coal dust at chamber, then in heating tube, the temperature of heated air can not need very high; Again on the one hand, coal dust is heated by heating tube, and is not gas of the prior art and coal dust Direct Contact Heating, then the dustiness of the tar in the embodiment of the present invention is low, can improve the quality of tar.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is existing fluidized bed classification pyrolysis of coal equipment schematic diagram;
A kind of pyrolysis installation schematic diagram that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the three-view diagram of pyrolysis installation shown in Fig. 2;
A kind of fluidized gas grid distributor schematic diagram that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the heating tube schematic diagram in pyrolysis installation shown in Fig. 2;
The schematic diagram of a kind of fluidized gas distribution pipe that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention and blast cap;
A kind of pyrolysis plant schematic diagram that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the three-view diagram of pyrolysis plant shown in Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the enlarged view of the A of local shown in Fig. 7;
The schematic cross-section of a kind of gas solid separation room that Figure 10 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numeral:
1-high temperature pyrolysis room fluidized gas; Macrobead material bottom 2-; 3-compound; 4-high temperature pyrolysis room; 5-divider wall; 6-high temperature pyrolysis coal gas; 7-low temperature pyrogenation coal gas; Warm solution coal gas in 8-; 9-pyrolysis gas waste-heat recovery device; 10-pyrolyzing coal; The defeated device for coal of 11-; 12-high-temp circulating ash; 13-ash conveying device; 14-low temperature pyrogenation room; 15-low temperature pyrogenation room fluidized gas; 20-pyrolysis installation; 21-housing; 22-chamber; 23-heating tube; 24-fluidized gas grid distributor; 25-inlet pipe; 26-escape pipe; 27-fluidized gas distribution pipe; 28-blast cap; 29-upflow tube; 30-thermal insulation layer; 31-pipe connecting; 40-pyrolysis plant; 41-opening for feed; 42-discharge port; 43-fluidisation gas port; 44-decomposes gas port; 45-pyrolysis chamber; 46-feed chamber; 47-gas solid separation room; 48-discharge chamber; 49-inlet plenum; 241-through hole; 271-first end; 272-second end; 273-pore; 451-inlet mouth; 452-air outlet; 471-internal cyclone device.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiments provide a kind of pyrolysis installation 20 of coal, as Figure 2-Figure 5, comprising:
Housing 21; Housing 21 forms a chamber 22 surrounded, and chamber 22 has the first relative opening 221 and the second opening 222;
At least one heating tube 23; Heating tube 23 is positioned at chamber 22;
Fluidized gas grid distributor 24; Fluidized gas grid distributor 24 is positioned at the first opening 221 place of chamber 33.As shown in Figure 4, fluidized gas grid distributor 24 is formed with multiple through hole 241, through hole 241 is provided for fluidized gas and coal dust flows to opposite side from the side of fluidized gas grid distributor 24.
It should be noted that, housing forms a chamber surrounded, and housing can be arbitrary shape, and the embodiment of the present invention is only described in detail for shown in the drawings.Chamber has the first relative opening and the second opening, then any one opening of chamber can be the first opening, then another one opening is the second opening.In order to pyrolysis installation reaches the pyrolysis realizing bubbling fluidized bed, fluidized gas can be specifically enter chamber from the first opening of chamber, then namely fluidized gas is flow to the side of fluidized gas grid distributor near the second opening from fluidized gas grid distributor near the side of the first opening, namely can be flow in chamber from chamber.Coal dust can be specifically enter chamber from the second opening of chamber, then namely coal dust is flow to the side of fluidized gas grid distributor near the first opening from fluidized gas grid distributor near the side of the second opening, namely can be in chamber, flow to chamber be.
In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the maximum particle diameter of coal dust is less than the diameter of through hole, namely can be flowed to the pulverized coal particle of other side by through hole from the side of fluidized gas grid distributor, and be not specifically limited its concrete particle diameter.Such as, coal dust passes through from through hole, and its maximum particle diameter can be different according to the difference of the diameter of through hole.Therefore, in actual production process, the size of pulverized coal particle can be selected according to the size of through hole, cannot pyrolysis be realized to prevent coal dust from blocking through hole.
Embodiments provide a kind of pyrolysis installation, from the second opening of pyrolysis installation to the chamber of pyrolysis installation input coal dust, fluidized gas is passed into pyrolysis installation from the first opening of pyrolysis installation, fluidized gas enters chamber by the through hole on fluidized gas grid distributor and coal dust is moved in the chamber, to be heated the coal dust in chamber by heating tube, coal dust is made in the chamber pyrolytic reaction to occur, coal dust after pyrolytic reaction occurs part simultaneously passes fluidized gas grid distributor from through hole, discharges from pyrolysis installation.
The pyrolysis installation that the embodiment of the present invention provides, because coal dust is carry out heating by heating tube pyrolytic reaction occurs in chamber, and fluidized gas when entering chamber by through hole fluidized gas be bubbling shape, to make coal dust can carry out enough heating in the chamber there is pyrolytic reaction, then the traffic demand amount of fluidized gas is few on the one hand; On the other hand, fluidized gas adds the pyrolysis time of coal dust at chamber, then in heating tube, the temperature of heated air can be very high; Again on the one hand, coal dust is heated by heating tube, and is not gas heating of the prior art, then the dustiness of tar is low, can improve the quality of tar.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 4, heating tube 23 is snake bend.Concrete, heating tube can be as shown in the figure, has multiple back bending, arranges around in chamber.Multiple back bending can effectively absorb longitudinal high-temperature expansion.Heating tube can also be disc, arranges around in chamber.Heating tube is snake bend, to increase the length of heating tube in chamber, improves heating rate, to improve the temperature of chamber.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, pyrolysis installation 20 also comprises: inlet pipe 25 and escape pipe 26, and the internal diameter of inlet pipe 25 and escape pipe 26 is greater than the internal diameter of heating tube 23; Inlet pipe 25 and escape pipe 26 stretch into chamber 22 through housing 21, and the two ends of heating tube 23 are communicated with escape pipe 26 with inlet pipe 25 respectively.Owing to comprising multiple heating tube in chamber, conveniently pass into gas to each heating tube, also comprise inlet pipe at pyrolysis installation.In like manner, conveniently in heating tube, gas is convenient discharges, and pyrolysis installation can also comprise escape pipe.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, be communicated with for connecting and the circulation of air can being realized.Concrete, be communicated with inlet pipe for heating tube, it can be specifically that together with heating tube welds with inlet pipe, heating tube is communicated with the circulation that can also realize air with inlet pipe that heating tube and inlet pipe are communicated with.
Example, pyrolysis installation also comprises inlet pipe and escape pipe, and the two ends of heating tube are communicated with escape pipe with inlet pipe respectively.Specifically, can be as shown in Figure 5, heating tube 23 be all connected on pipe connecting 31, and pipe connecting 31 is connected with inlet pipe 25, is communicated with inlet pipe 25 to make heating tube 23.Certainly, can also be that after heating tube bends, heating tube is directly connected with inlet pipe.
On the other hand, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, inlet pipe 25 and the escape pipe 26 of pyrolysis installation 20 stretch into chamber 22 through housing 21, and namely inlet pipe 25 and escape pipe 26 are positioned at the outside of chamber 22, then multiple pyrolysis installation 20 can realize Multi-stage heating by the connection of inlet pipe 25 and escape pipe 26.Specifically be described in detail in pyrolysis plant.
On the other hand, pyrolysis installation in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 5, the two ends of heating tube 23 are communicated with escape pipe 26 with inlet pipe 25 respectively, heating tube 23 supports without other, namely heating tube is unsettled in chamber, thus can effectively absorb horizontal high-temperature expansion, thus under avoiding high temperature, the impact of heat pipe is exchanged in deformation.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 5, heating tube 23 removably connects with escape pipe 26 and inlet pipe 25.Concrete, heating tube and escape pipe and inlet pipe can be realize removably connecting by screw thread etc.If so wherein a heating tube damages, be convenient for changing and keep in repair.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 4, pyrolysis installation 20 also comprises the fluidized gas distribution pipe 27 be communicated with the partial through holes 241 of fluidized gas grid distributor 24, as shown in Figure 6, fluidized gas distribution pipe 27 comprises relative first end 271 and the second end 272, first end 271 is connected with the through hole 241 on fluidized gas grid distributor 24, and the second end 272 extends to the second opening 222, fluidized gas distribution pipe 27 is formed with multiple pore 273.Namely fluidized gas enters chamber by fluidized gas distribution pipe, and fluidized gas can be discharged from the pore fluidized gas distribution pipe, strengthens the bubbling effect of gas.
Preferred further, as shown in Figure 6, the second end 272 of fluidized gas distribution pipe 27 is provided with blast cap 28, and the second end 272 of fluidized gas distribution pipe 27 is closed by blast cap 28.Second end of fluidized gas distribution pipe is closed by blast cap, thus avoids coal dust to carry out fluidized gas distribution pipe being blocked by fluidized gas distribution pipe.
Optionally, as shown in Figure 6, blast cap 28 is frustroconical blast cap, and the large port radius of blast cap 28 is greater than the external diameter of fluidized gas distribution pipe 27, i.e. b > a.It should be noted that, truncated cones comprises upper bottom surface, bottom surface and side, and wherein, upper bottom surface and bottom surface are circle, when upper bottom surface is different with the radius of bottom surface, bottom surface radius larger for radius is called large port radius.The large port radius of blast cap is greater than the external diameter of fluidized gas distribution pipe, and namely the second end of fluidized gas distribution pipe is covered by blast cap completely, flows out from fluidized gas distribution pipe to prevent coal dust.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 4, pyrolysis installation 20 also comprises the upflow tube 29 be communicated with the partial through holes 241 on fluidized gas grid distributor 24, and the opposite end of upflow tube 29 lays respectively at the both sides of fluidized gas grid distributor 24, flows to opposite side to make coal dust from the side of fluidized gas grid distributor.Namely discharged from chamber by this upflow tube at the coal dust of chamber.It should be noted that, coal dust is unsettled under the bubbling effect of fluidized gas in pyrolysis installation, fall under gravity again, then the height of upflow tube can regulate according to the size of the fluidized gas in pyrolysis installation, discharges from this upflow tube to make part coal dust.
Preferably, the through hole on fluidized gas grid distributor is all communicated with fluidized gas distribution pipe or upflow tube.Namely the partial through holes on fluidized gas grid distributor is communicated with fluidized gas distribution pipe, and remaining partial through holes is communicated with upflow tube.And further, the quantity of the fluidized gas distribution pipe on fluidized gas grid distributor is greater than the quantity of upflow tube.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 2, the inwall of chamber 22 is formed with thermal insulation layer 30.To carry out isolation insulation to chamber, increase the heat insulation effect of chamber.
Embodiments provide a kind of pyrolysis plant of coal, comprising:
Opening for feed, discharge port, the pyrolysis chamber between opening for feed and discharge port, the fluidisation gas port being positioned at discharge port side and inlet mouth and be positioned at decomposition gas port and the air outlet of opening for feed side; Wherein, pyrolysis chamber comprises the pyrolysis installation of any one that at least two provide as the embodiment of the present invention, the housings close of at least two pyrolysis installations connects, and the first opening of pyrolysis installation is all towards the side of discharge port, and the heating tube of two adjacent pyrolysis installations is communicated with.
It should be noted that, the pyrolysis plant of the coal that the embodiment of the present invention provides, multiple pyrolysis installation is had between opening for feed and discharge port, coal dust enters pyrolysis plant from opening for feed, by discharging from discharge port after multiple pyrolysis installation, each pyrolysis installation once heats coal dust respectively and makes coal dust generation pyrolytic reaction, then multiple pyrolysis installation can carry out Multi-stage heating to the coal dust entered from opening for feed, thus improving the pyrolysis efficiency of coal dust, the tar of generation etc. are discharged from decomposition gas port.On the other hand, fluidisation gas port is positioned at the side of discharge port, forms bubbling, namely form bubbling fluidization air-bed after the fluidized gas grid distributor of the pyrolysis installation that fluidisation gas port provides through the embodiment of the present invention, more be conducive to the heating of coal dust in each pyrolysis installation and pyrolysis, improve pyrolysis efficiency further.
Below, the specific embodiment of the pyrolysis plant of a kind of coal that the embodiment of the present invention provides, describe the pyrolysis plant in the present invention in detail, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, a kind of pyrolysis plant 40 of coal comprises:
Opening for feed 41, discharge port 42, the pyrolysis chamber 45 between opening for feed 41 and discharge port 42, the fluidisation gas port 43 being positioned at discharge port 42 side and inlet mouth 451 and be positioned at decomposition gas port 44 and the air outlet 452 of opening for feed 41 side;
Wherein, pyrolysis chamber 45 comprises at least two as the embodiment of the present invention provides arbitrary pyrolysis installation 20, and the housing 21 of at least two pyrolysis installations 20 closes connection, and 20 first openings 221 of pyrolysis installation are all towards the side of discharge port 42, and the heating tube 23 of two adjacent pyrolysis installations 20 is communicated with.
It should be noted that, air outlet and inlet mouth can be positioned at pyrolysis chamber, the embodiment of the present invention and accompanying drawing 7, in 8, pyrolysis installation also comprises feed chamber 46 and discharge chamber 48, and feed chamber 46 and discharging 48 Room include heating tube, and the heating tube of feed chamber 46 and discharge chamber 48 is communicated with the heating tube of pyrolysis chamber 45, then Fig. 7, in Fig. 8, the inlet mouth of pyrolysis chamber is connected with the air outlet of discharge chamber, the air outlet of pyrolysis chamber is connected with the inlet mouth of feed chamber, then as Fig. 7, shown in Fig. 8, the inlet mouth 452 of pyrolysis plant is positioned at feed chamber 46, air outlet 451 is positioned at discharge chamber 48.
Concrete, pyrolysis chamber between opening for feed and discharge port, namely opening for feed and discharge port lay respectively at the both sides of pyrolysis chamber.Fluidisation gas port and discharge port are positioned at the same side of pyrolysis chamber, and decomposition gas port and opening for feed are positioned at the same side of pyrolysis chamber.
The housings close of at least two pyrolysis installations connects, and the first opening of pyrolysis installation is all towards the side of discharge port, the heating tube of two adjacent pyrolysis installations is communicated with, the opposite end of upflow tube lays respectively at two adjacent pyrolysis installations, namely coal dust can be expelled to another pyrolysis installation from a pyrolysis installation, each pyrolysis installation can realize one-level heating, namely at least two pyrolysis installations can realize Multi-stage heating, thus make the pyrolytic reaction of coal dust in pyrolysis plant complete, improve conversion and the utilization ratio of coal.
Concrete, in the embodiment of the present invention, because housing is formed with outside flange at the first opening and the second opening, it can be after adjacent two pyrolysis installations are carried out contraposition that two then adjacent pyrolysis installations close connection, by screw, its flange is fixed, thus realize the closed connection of two pyrolysis installations, make the assembling of pyrolysis installation convenient.
Preferably, when pyrolysis installation 20 comprises inlet pipe 25 and escape pipe 26, as shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 9, heating tube 23 connection of two adjacent pyrolysis installations 20 is specially:
The inlet pipe 25 of one of them pyrolysis installation of two adjacent pyrolysis installations 20 is communicated with the escape pipe 26 of another one pyrolysis installation.Because the inlet pipe of pyrolysis installation and escape pipe are in the outside of pyrolysis installation, then the inlet pipe of pyrolysis installation are communicated with the pipe of going out of another pyrolysis installation, facilitate dismounting and the connection of multiple pyrolysis installation.
Preferably, the inlet pipe of one of them pyrolysis installation of two adjacent pyrolysis installations is detachably communicated with the escape pipe of another one pyrolysis installation.Concrete, it can be realize detachable connection, to facilitate dismounting and the assembling of pyrolysis installation by flange.
Optionally, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, pyrolysis plant 40 also comprises: feed chamber 46; Feed chamber 46 is connected near the one side closed of opening for feed 41 with pyrolysis chamber 45, and opening for feed 41 is positioned at feed chamber 46.Concrete, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, in the embodiment of the present invention, feed chamber arranges opening for feed, to carry out pyrolysis to coal dust for the pyrolysis installation provided in the embodiment of the present invention simultaneously.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, pyrolysis plant 40 also comprises: gas solid separation room 47; Gas solid separation room 47 is connected with the closed of feed chamber 46 and be communicated with decomposition gas port, as shown in Figure 10, be provided with internal cyclone device 471 in gas solid separation room 47, internal cyclone device comprises internal cyclone entrance and internal cyclone outlet, and internal cyclone outlet stretches out in gas solid separation room.Because gas solid separation room is communicated with decomposition gas port, then when pyrolysis plant also comprises gas solid separation room, as shown in Fig. 8, Figure 10, internal cyclone outlet is decomposes gas port 44.It should be noted that the tar etc. that pyrolytic reaction produces carries out gravity settling and centrifugal settling by gas solid separation room 47 through internal cyclone device 48, reduces the dustiness in tar to greatest extent.Concrete structure about internal cyclone device can refer to prior art, and the embodiment of the present invention is not construed as limiting it.
Optionally, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, pyrolysis plant 40 also comprises: discharge chamber 48; Discharge chamber 48 is connected near the one side closed of discharge port 42 with pyrolysis chamber 45, and discharge port 42 is positioned at discharge chamber 48.Concrete, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, in the embodiment of the present invention, discharge chamber arranges discharge port, to carry out pyrolysis to coal dust for the pyrolysis installation provided in the embodiment of the present invention simultaneously.
Optionally, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, pyrolysis plant 40 also comprises: inlet plenum 49; Inlet plenum 49 is closed with discharge chamber 48 and is connected, and fluidisation gas port 43 is positioned at inlet plenum 49.
Below in conjunction with the pyrolysis plant in the embodiment of the present invention, describe in detail and adopt this pyrolysis that the process of carrying out the pyrolysis of coal is set.
As shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, the pyrolysis plant that the embodiment of the present invention provides is multilayer bubbling fluidization bed structure, comprises gas solid separation room 47, feed chamber 46, pyrolysis chamber 45, discharge chamber 48, inlet plenum 49 from top to bottom.Wherein, feed chamber 46 is for having the pyrolysis installation 20 of opening for feed, and discharge chamber 48 is for having the pyrolysis installation 20 of discharge port, and pyrolysis chamber 45 comprises multiple pyrolysis installation 20 by Flange joint, and pyrolysis chamber 45 is communicated with the heating tube 23 of feed chamber and discharge chamber.Between the different sections of pyrolysis plant by Flange joint to be convenient for changing
Coal dust enters feed chamber 46 from opening for feed 41, is circulated from top to bottom by upflow tube 29; Fluidized gas self-fluidized type gas port 43 enters inlet plenum 49, upwards flowed by fluidized gas distribution pipe 27, bubbling fluidized bed is mixed to form in pyrolysis installation, and namely fluidized gas often by redistributing by fluidized gas distribution pipe 27 after one deck pyrolysis installation 20, thus ensure that the uniform and stable of the bed of fluidized-bed, avoid the generation in the too high and channel of bed layer pressure, dead band.Simultaneously, the serpentine heating pipe 23 that heat smoke or hot combustion gas enter each pyrolysis installation successively by the inlet mouth 451 of heat transfer tube lower end carries out indirect heat exchange with the coal dust of every one deck pyrolysis installation 20, pyrolytic reaction is there is in coal dust at each pyrolysis installation 20, because heat smoke does not contact with pyrolysis gas, do not mix, then pyrolysis gas quality is high, and the tar that coal dust generation pyrolytic reaction produces is easy to be separated.Meanwhile, the tar etc. that pyrolytic reaction produces, carries out gravity settling and centrifugal settling by gas solid separation room 47 through internal cyclone 48 device, reduces the dustiness in tar to greatest extent.
In addition, pulverized coal particle overflows to lower one deck bubbling fluidized bed layer by each upflow tube.The bed height of each fluidized-bed layer can be controlled by the charging and discharging speed controlling fine coal, thus reach control heat exchange, the object of pressure drop and treatment capacity.
The pyrolysis plant that the embodiment of the present invention provides, flue gas air input is 600Nm3/h, and inlet air temperature is 800 DEG C, and air outlet temperature is 350 DEG C, and fine coal treatment capacity is 800kg/h; Need fluidization gas to be 300Nm3/h, the tar of generation is 56kg/h, and the pyrolysis gas of generation is 120kg/h, and generation semicoke is 500kg/h.The mode directly contacted with existing fluidized gas and coal dust is different, the temperature of existing fluidized gas is generally the high temperature of 600-950 DEG C, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the inlet air temperature of flue gas is generally 800 DEG C, air outlet temperature is generally 350 DEG C, the temperature of flue gas is less, and coal dust is from opening for feed to discharge port, Multi-stage heating can be realized, and Heating temperature increases gradually, coal dust stepped heating, improves the pyrolysis efficiency of coal dust.
By to be imbedded in bubbling fluidized bed bed by the serpentine heating pipe arranged, both to have taken full advantage of fluid-bed heat transfer coefficient high more in the present invention, the advantages such as pyrolysis time is short achieve again flue gas with pyrolysis gas and are separated, avoid fluidized-bed dust carrying amount large, the shortcomings such as bed is unstable, the tar dustiness obtained is few, is easy to be separated.Avoid the flexural deformation of heat transfer tube under high temperature by adopting snakelike heat exchange tube effectively to absorb to expand simultaneously.The housing of variant section is detachably fixed, thus achieves modularization assembling, is easy to change.Finally, this pyrolysis plant can process and be less than 1mm fine coal, has treatment capacity large, flexible operation, the advantages such as easy control of temperature.
In addition, in describing the invention, it will be appreciated that, term " on ", the orientation of the instruction such as D score or position relationship be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization, instead of indicate or imply that the device of indication or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of described claim.
Claims (20)
1. a pyrolysis installation for coal, is characterized in that, comprising:
Housing; Described housing forms a chamber surrounded, and described chamber has the first relative opening and the second opening;
At least one heating tube; Described heating tube is positioned at described chamber;
Fluidized gas grid distributor; Described fluidized gas grid distributor is positioned at the first opening part of described chamber, and described fluidized gas grid distributor is formed with multiple through hole, and described through hole is provided for fluidized gas and coal dust flows to opposite side from the side of described fluidized gas grid distributor.
2. pyrolysis installation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described heating tube is snake bend.
3. pyrolysis installation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises: inlet pipe and escape pipe, and the internal diameter of described inlet pipe and described escape pipe is greater than the internal diameter of described heating tube; Described inlet pipe and described escape pipe stretch into described chamber through described housing, and the two ends of described heating tube are communicated with described escape pipe with described inlet pipe respectively.
4. pyrolysis installation according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described heating tube is detachably communicated with described escape pipe with described escape pipe.
5. pyrolysis installation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises: the fluidized gas distribution pipe be communicated with the partial through holes on described fluidized gas grid distributor;
Described fluidized gas distribution pipe comprises relative first end and the second end, and described first end is connected with the through hole on described fluidized gas grid distributor, and described second end extends to described second opening, and described fluidized gas distribution pipe is formed with multiple pore.
6. pyrolysis installation according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the second end of described fluidized gas distribution pipe is provided with blast cap, and the second end of described fluidized gas distribution pipe is closed by described blast cap.
7. pyrolysis installation according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described blast cap is frustroconical blast cap, and the large port radius of described blast cap is greater than the external diameter of described fluidized gas distribution pipe.
8. pyrolysis installation according to claim 5, is characterized in that, also comprises: the upflow tube be communicated with the partial through holes on described fluidized gas grid distributor;
The opposite end of described upflow tube lays respectively at the both sides of described fluidized gas grid distributor.
9. pyrolysis installation according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the through hole on described fluidized gas grid distributor is all communicated with fluidized gas distribution pipe or upflow tube.
10. pyrolysis installation according to claim 9, is characterized in that, the quantity of described fluidized gas distribution pipe is greater than the quantity of described upflow tube.
11. pyrolysis installations according to any one of claim 1-10, is characterized in that, the inwall of described chamber is formed with thermal insulation layer.
The pyrolysis plant of 12. 1 kinds of coals, is characterized in that, comprising:
Opening for feed, discharge port, the pyrolysis chamber between described opening for feed and described discharge port, the fluidisation gas port being positioned at described discharge port side and inlet mouth and be positioned at decomposition gas port and the air outlet of described opening for feed side;
Wherein, described pyrolysis chamber comprises at least two pyrolysis installations as described in any one of claim 1-10, the housings close of described at least two pyrolysis installations connects, and the first opening of described pyrolysis installation is all towards the side of described discharge port, the heating tube of two adjacent described pyrolysis installations is communicated with.
13. pyrolysis plants according to claim 12, is characterized in that, the heating tube connection of described two adjacent described pyrolysis installations is specially:
The inlet pipe of one of them pyrolysis installation of two adjacent described pyrolysis installations is communicated with the escape pipe of another one pyrolysis installation.
14. pyrolysis plants according to claim 13, is characterized in that, the inlet pipe of one of them pyrolysis installation of two adjacent described pyrolysis installations and the escape pipe of another one pyrolysis installation are for be detachably communicated with.
15. pyrolysis plants according to claim 11, is characterized in that, also comprise:
Feed chamber; Described feed chamber is connected near the one side closed of opening for feed with described pyrolysis chamber, and described opening for feed is positioned at described feed chamber.
16. pyrolysis plants according to claim 15, is characterized in that, described feed chamber comprises heating tube, and the heating tube of described feed chamber is communicated with the heating tube of described pyrolysis chamber.
17. pyrolysis plants according to claim 15, is characterized in that, also comprise:
Gas solid separation room; Described gas solid separation room is closed with described feed chamber and is connected and is communicated with described decomposition gas port, and described gas solid separation indoor are provided with internal cyclone device;
Described internal cyclone device comprises internal cyclone entrance and internal cyclone outlet, and described internal cyclone outlet stretches out in described gas solid separation room.
18. pyrolysis plants according to claim 11, is characterized in that, also comprise:
Discharge chamber; Described discharge chamber is connected near the one side closed of discharge port with described pyrolysis chamber, and described discharge port is positioned at described discharge chamber.
19. pyrolysis plants according to claim 17, is characterized in that, described discharge chamber comprises heating tube, and the heating tube of described discharge chamber is communicated with the heating tube of described pyrolysis chamber.
20. pyrolysis plants according to claim 18, is characterized in that, also comprise:
Inlet plenum; Described inlet plenum is closed with described discharge chamber and is connected, and described discharge port is positioned at described inlet plenum.
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