CN105104047A

CN105104047A - Cultivation method for noodle rice varieties

Info

Publication number: CN105104047A
Application number: CN201510602833.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王学华; 李合松
Original assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2015-09-21
Filing date: 2015-09-21
Publication date: 2015-12-02

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for noodle rice varieties. The method comprises the steps that the early noodle rice varieties of Hunan early rice number 33, Hunan early rice number 24, Hunan early rice number 32, Hunan early rice number 29 and Nongda early rice 26 are selected; seed sowing is performed from the last ten days of March to the beginning of April, and the rice is mature on the middle ten days of July; the wide and narrow row spacing planting mode is adopted, wherein according to the specifications, the row spacing is 13.3 cm, the narrow line spacing is 16.7 cm, the width line spacing is 33.3 cm, and three seedlings are planted in each hole; according to soil fertility, pure nitrogen is applied with the density being 5.0-7.5 kg/667m<2>, and the ratio of N to P2O5 to K2O is 1:0.8:1.2; organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are applied in a combined mode, applied base fertilizer accounts for 60% before transplanting, and applied tillering fertilizer accounts for 40% in 5-7 days after transplanting; or the applied base fertilizer accounts for 50% before transplanting, the applied tillering fertilizer accounts for 40% in 5-7 days after transplanting, and applied heading fertilizer accounts for 10% in 25 days before heading; after full heading, a mixed solution of 25mg/L gibberellin and choline chloride with the concentration being 0.1% is sprayed, and the spraying standard is 30 kg/667 m<2>; harvesting is performed in time 25 days after full heading. The planting effect is good.

Description

Ground rice rice varieties cultivation method

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, relate to a kind of ground rice rice varieties cultivation method.

Background technology

At present, a lot of with the food of rice making both at home and abroad, ground rice is one of them.Ground rice is a kind of time-honored traditional food of south China, it with soft tasty and refreshing, instant like by broad masses.Along with the raising of people's living standard, ground rice is a dark horse in diet structure, not only in breakfast, can't do without it, and the dining table of Chinese meal, dinner and even food there has also been one seat.Ground rice has become large, the economical and practical fast food of a kind of demand.

China is the first in the world Chan Dao big country, and rice is consumed mainly as grain ration, but the Indica rice of the main cultivation in the Yangtze river basin, on the one hand technological quality is poor, as large in chalkiness degree, chalkness ratio is high, and rice structure is crisp, head rice rate is low, and rice processing enterprises processing early long-grain nonglutinous rice is profitless; Edible quality is poor on the other hand, and show that rice is loose, viscoplasticity is poor, and mouthfeel is bad, so early indica rice market outlet is not smooth.

The annidation of paddy rice refers to that paddy rice and ecotope obtain balanced ability.It it is emphasised that have certain adaptability and the resistivity to adverse circumstance under different ecological conditions, thus shows the characteristic of stable and high yields and high-quality.Ecological factor due to natural environment is intrinsic, and paddy rice be made to play maximum growth vigor, and the research of its annidation is necessary.

Different latitude and height above sea level are by temperature action in paddy rice, and the rising of elevation and latitude causes temperature to reduce, and require that paddy rice has stronger cold tolerance, and at low altitude area and low latitudes, the temperature capacity of paddy rice just seem extremely important.Research shows, Indica rice Varieties In The Seedling Stage cold resistance and its temperature-sensitive index significant correlation, the kind temperature-sensitive index that cold resistance is stronger is less, and annidation is stronger.Rice Heading blooming stage pollen is very responsive to high temperature, loses activity fertilization rate is reduced by temperatures involved, be in the milk its shorten, or cause flower pesticide not ftracture, pollen quantity reduce and pollen can not normally sprout, have a strong impact on solid.Under the research such as MATSUIT shows hot conditions, pollen sterility degree mainly ftractures relevant with pollen sac, and has notable difference between different cultivars.The ultra microstructure also may damaging rice chloroplast under high temperature stress causes chloroplast to degrade, and causes chloroplast to reduce the capturing ability of light, thus reduces photosynthetic rate.

Suitable sowing time is the prerequisite of paddy rice robust growth, safety heading, normal Grain Filling.Early rice or the single cropping rice suitably postpone date of seeding can make rice LAI be improved, and is conducive to high yield; Suitable postponement date of seeding, can make the growth of paddy rice more be in the season of warmer climate, illumination abundance, is conducive to photosynthetic product like this and is formed in a large number, and rice plant growth is coordinated more, root system activity force paddy rice absorption function strengthen; Date of seeding, suitably can make field damage by disease and insect be alleviated in advance, thus reduces the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, and this also has definite meaning to reduction agriculture production cost.So the Suitable Sowing Period of paddy rice will carry out Comprehensive Assessment according to the change of the growth characteristics of concrete planting environment, different cultivars and weather.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of ground rice rice varieties cultivation method, solve problems of the prior art.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of ground rice rice varieties cultivation method, specifically carries out according to following steps: in free of contamination area, selects the rice field that irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil fertility is medium; Select Xianzaoxian33, Hunan early No. 24, Xian, Hunan early No. 32, Xian, Hunan early No. 29, Xian and agricultural university early 26 early rice powder rice varieties; According to the breeding time of kind and the Thermo-Photo sensitive of grown place, sowing at the beginning of late March to 4 month, mid-July are ripe; Adopt wide-and narrow-row planting system, specification: spacing in the rows 13.3cm, narrow row distance 16.7cm, wide line-spacing 33.3cm, every cave 3 seedling; According to soil fertility, execute purity nitrogen 5.0 ~ 7.5kg/667m ², N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o=1: 0.8: 1.2; Organo-mineral combined fertilization, before transplanting, basal dressing accounts for 60%, within 5-7 days, executing tillering fertilizer accounts for 40% afterwards in transplanting; Or basal dressing 50%, transplanting are executed tillering fertilizer 40% in 5-7 days afterwards, are eared and execute ear manuer 10% in first 25 days before transplanting; Qi Suihou, sprays with the Choline Chloride mixed solution that gibberellin 25mg/L and concentration are 0.1%, spraying standard 30kg/667m ²; Within after Qi Sui 25 days, gather in the crops in time.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: with more than 30 rice varieties for material, by ground rice processing and field variety comparative test, analyze the correlation of rice quality and ground rice quality, propose the leading indicator of screening ground rice rice varieties, filter out the ground rice rice varieties of a collection of suitable planting, and from aspects such as planting system, basic seedling amount, fertilizer application, chemical regulation, harvesting periods, system research ground rice rice high yield and high quality On Comprehensive Technique.Main result is as follows:

(1) ground rice processing, quality of rice noodles detection, rice quality mensuration and quality of rice noodles and rice quality correlation analysis show, Rice Amylose content and quality of rice noodles index closely related, gelatinization point and ground rice acidity, strip-breaking rate, tell slurry value in extremely significantly positive correlation, gel consistence and quality of rice noodles also have obvious correlation, and protein content is less on quality of rice noodles impact.The leading indicator of screening ground rice rice varieties is: amylose content higher (20% ~ 26%), gelatinization point lower (1 ~ 3 grade), gel consistence lower (< 40mm), annidation are stronger.

(2) ground rice rice annidation result of the test shows, ground rice rice varieties is planted in planted in different ecological areas, and breeding time, yield and quality all show larger difference.According to the test of ground rice rice annidation and machining experiment result, find Xianzaoxian33, Hunan early No. 24, Xian, Hunan early No. 29, Xian, Hunan early No. 32, Xian, agricultural university early 26 and 99 morning 677 etc., the Varieties In Late Rice such as early-paddy brown rice (strain) and remaining red 231-8, V77 can be used as noodle rice kind.

(3) planting system and Basic Seedling result of the test show, 1. planting system has a significant effect to ground rice rice yield composition.Wide-and narrow-row cultivation can make ground rice rice form good group structure, promotes that the dry-matter accumulation of ground rice rice late growth stage and later stage stem sheath store the output of material, increases assimilation products and accumulate in fringe portion; 2. Basic Seedling affects ground rice rice yield and quality, and every cave 6 seedling process dry-matter accumulation and output are significantly higher than the seedling process of every cave 3, but every cave 3 seedling process ground rice rice rice quality is better than the seedling process of every cave 6; 3. planting system significantly affects ground rice rice rice quality.Wide-and narrow-row cultivation can improve ground rice rice brown rice yield, polished rice rate, protein content and amylose content, reduces chalky grain rate, and on gel consistence, gelatinization point impact not quite, and Basic Seedling increase causes ground rice rice Rice gel consistency obviously to rise.

(4) fertilizer amount and proportioning test result show, fertilizer amount and proportioning obviously affect ground rice rice output and economic characters, significantly affect rice whiteness measuring and head rice rate; Fertilizer type and Dressing date significantly affect ground rice rice output, significantly affect rice head rice rate and chalkiness degree, but all show obvious Differences.Visible, ground rice rice yield and quality characters can be regulated and controled by fertilizer, but different cultivars must formulate different measures of fertilizer.In the rice field that soil fertility is higher, from the angle improving output, the best fertilizer applications of Xianzaoxian33 is for executing purity nitrogen 7.5kg/667m ², N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o=1: 0.8: 1.2, if consider output and economic benefit two aspects, the best fertilizer applications of Xianzaoxian33 and 01 morning 5202 is for executing purity nitrogen 5kg/667m ², N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o=1: 0.6: 1.

(5) fertilizer type and fertilizing time result of the test show, different ground rice rice varieties requires different to fertilizer type; And on fertilizing time, the highest with the output that point three times (base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer) is used, disposable employed output is minimum.Fertilizer type and fertilizing time affect little on ground rice rice brown rice yield and polished rice rate, affect significantly, and show variant between kind on the impact of amylose content on head rice rate and chalkiness degree.On the whole, the process of " fertilizer+compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy " process and " base manure 60%, tillering fertilizer 40% " is conducive to chalkiness degree reduction.

(6) simple substance chemical regulator result of the test shows: chemical regulation has no significant effect ground rice rice brown rice yield, polished rice rate, polished rice length and amylose content, protein content, but significantly affect that head rice rate, polished rice are wide, chalky grain rate, chalk fine flour sum chalkiness degree, significantly reduce gel consistence.On the whole, simple substance chemical regulator can not improve the quality of ground rice rice comprehensively.

(7) composite chemical adjusting control agent result of the test shows: in 3 kinds of compound adjusting control agents, M3 process (GA ₃25mg/L+ Choline Chloride 0.1% mixed solution 30kg/667m ²) ground rice rice output and amylose content can be significantly improved, significantly reduce protein content, be conducive to promoting ground rice rice high yield and high quality.

(8) gather in period on ground rice rice output and rice quality impact significantly, consider ground rice rice output, ground rice crudy and warm light resources make full use of and rear season paddy rice high yield, early ground rice rice is advisable with 25 days results after neat fringe season.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is Xianzaoxian33 LAI Dynamic Graph.

Fig. 2 is the distribution map of different disposal dry matter weight of aerial parts each breeding time.

Fig. 3 is the effect diagram of chemical regulator to brown rice yield.

Fig. 4 is the effect diagram of chemical regulator to polished rice rate.

Fig. 5 is the effect diagram of chemical regulator to head rice rate.

Fig. 6 is the effect diagram of chemical regulator to polished rice length.

Fig. 7 is the effect diagram of chemical regulator to polished rice aspect ratio.

Fig. 8 is the effect diagram of chemical regulator to chalky grain rate.

Fig. 9 is the effect diagram that chemical regulator amasss chalk fine flour.

Figure 10 is the effect diagram of chemical regulator to chalkiness degree.

Figure 11 is the effect diagram of chemical regulator to amylose content.

Figure 12 is the effect diagram of chemical regulator to protein content.

Figure 13 is the effect diagram of chemical regulator to gel consistence.

Embodiment

A kind of ground rice rice varieties cultivation method, specifically carries out according to following steps:

In good, the free of contamination area of ecotope, select the rice field that irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil fertility is medium;

Select Xianzaoxian33, Hunan early No. 24, Xian, Hunan early No. 32, Xian, Hunan early No. 29, Xian and agricultural university's early rice powder rice varieties that early 26 breeding times were suitable for, amylose content is higher;

According to the breeding time of kind and the Thermo-Photo sensitive of grown place, sowing at the beginning of late March to 4 month, mid-July are ripe;

Adopt wide-and narrow-row planting system, specification: spacing in the rows 13.3cm, narrow row distance 16.7cm, wide line-spacing 33.3cm, every cave 3 seedling;

According to soil fertility, execute purity nitrogen 5.0 ~ 7.5kg/667m ², N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o=1: 0.8: 1.2 (nitrogen, phosphorus potash fertilizer calculate by scale, and such as urea is containing pure N46%; Superphosphate is containing P ₂o ₅12%; Potassium chloride K ₂o60%; Ratio between three is just by 1: 0.8: 1.2.If every mu is executed pure N5kg (being equivalent to urea 5 ÷ 46%=10.87kg), just P should be executed ₂o ₅5 × 0.8=4kg (being equivalent to superphosphate 4 ÷ 12%=33.33kg), K ₂o5 × 1.2=6kg (6 ÷ 60%=10 are)).Organo-mineral combined fertilization, before transplanting, basal dressing accounts for 60%, within 5-7 days, executing tillering fertilizer accounts for 40% afterwards in transplanting; Or basal dressing 50% before transplanting, transplant after within 5-7 days, execute tillering fertilizer 40%, ear and within first 25 days, execute ear manuer 10% (about before and after May 20);

Qi Suihou, with gibberellin (GA ₃, commodity by name 920) and 25mg/L is 0.1% with concentration Choline Chloride mixed solution is sprayed, spray standard 30kg/667m ².

Within after Qi Sui 25 days, gather in the crops in time.

Wherein, selected Xianzaoxian33, Hunan early No. 24, Xian, Hunan No. 32, Xian morning, Hunan No. 29, Xian morning and agricultural university early 26 show stable high yield performance, and average yield is at 460kg/667m ²above, the daily output is at 4.5kg/667m ²more than d.

Adopt wide-and narrow-row planting system, increase production 17.8kg/667m respectively than conventional cultivation ².

Planting system on season morning ground rice rice team innovation impact in table 1.

The different planting system of table 1 is on the impact of season morning ground rice rice rice group structure

Note: A3, B3, A6, B6 represent the seedling process of wide-and narrow-row every cave 3, the seedling process of wide row every cave 3, the seedling process of wide-and narrow-row every cave 6, the seedling process of wide row every cave 6 respectively; ZA-ZB represents in same kind, and wide-and narrow-row is planted the difference of planting with wide row; M3-M6 represents in same kind, the difference of the seedling process of every cave 3 and every cave 6 seedling process.

Xianzaoxian33 LAI dynamically as shown in Figure 1.

As can be seen from Table 1, the cumulative process of different planting system to ground rice rice dry matter has certain influence.In fertility in earlier stage, the dry-matter accumulation amount that wide-and narrow-row is planted is less than wide row and plants, but heading stage to the maturing stage then plants a little more than wide row, illustrates that wide-and narrow-row planting system can promote the dry-matter accumulation of ground rice rice in the fertility intermediary and later stages.And check variety Hunan early No. 31, Xian, in whole breeding time, the accumulation of dry matter is all that wide-and narrow-row planting system is slightly less than wide row planting system, illustrates the treatment effect of planting system because rice varieties difference difference to some extent.Ground rice rice dry-matter accumulation seedling number of also being planted affects, the dry-matter accumulation amount of each growthdevelopmental stage be all the seedling process of every cave 3 lower than the seedling process of every cave 6 (two kinds are basically identical), the cultivation of ground rice rice is described, Basic Seedling is unsuitable very few.

The distribution of ground rice rice varieties Xianzaoxian33 different disposal dry matter weight of aerial parts each breeding time as shown in Figure 2.In tillering stage, booting stage and maturing stage, the percentage that dry matter in blade takes up an area top gross dry weight is that wide-and narrow-row is planted and planted greatly than wide row, and heading stage is then contrary.This is consistent with the change of LAI, and illustrate that wide-and narrow-row is planted and be conducive to the growth of ground rice rice individual growth, colony is coordinated better with individual.From Basic Seedling, dry matter in ground rice rice blade takes up an area the percentage of top gross dry weight, except heading stage, other each growthdevelopmental stages are all that the seedling process of every cave 3 is larger than the seedling process of every cave 6, show that prometaphase 3 seedling process is better than 6 seedling process ontogeny, after heading, in every cave 3 seedling process blade, nutrient switching-out rate is higher, and this may be due to the lower cause of total biological yield of 3 seedling process.

Planting system is on the impact of ground rice rice breeding time season morning

As can be seen from Table 2, each process only differs 1-2d the time of infertility, illustrates that plant specification and Basic Seedling process do not have a significant effect the breeding time to ground rice rice and check variety.

Table 2 planting system is on the impact of ground rice rice breeding time season morning

Planting system is on the impact of season morning ground rice rice Yield and yield components

To season morning ground rice rice and the output that respectively processes of check variety carry out variance analysis in table 3, result shows, between two Basic Seedling process, volume variance is extremely remarkable, and namely every seedling process output pole, cave 6 is significantly higher than the seedling process of every cave 3; Between two kinds, slightly high with Xianzaoxian33 output, but difference does not reach significance level; Between two kinds of planting systems, slightly high with wide-and narrow-row output of planting, but difference does not reach significance level yet.

Table 3 early respectively processes Yield compari@in season

To season morning ground rice rice and the output that respectively processes of check variety carry out variance analysis in table 4, result shows, between two Basic Seedling process, volume variance is extremely remarkable, and namely every seedling process output pole, cave 6 is significantly higher than the seedling process of every cave 3; Between two kinds, slightly high with Xianzaoxian33 output, but difference does not reach significance level; Between two kinds of planting systems, slightly high with wide-and narrow-row output of planting, but difference does not reach significance level yet.

Table 4 early respectively processes Yield compari@in season

As can be seen from yield component (table 5), ground rice rice adopts wide-and narrow-row to plant, the highest seedling number and number of productive ear are all less than wide row and plant, but the percentage of earbearing tiller is planted high than wide row, and every total grain panicle number is also planted more than wide row, ripening rate is slightly planted lower than wide row, and thousand kernel weight then both differences is not obvious.From actual production, wide-and narrow-row is planted and to be planted a little more than wide row, and variance analysis shows, difference is remarkable, and check variety Hunan early No. 31, Xian also shows same trend.

The economic characters that table 5 early respectively processes in season and Yield compari@

In basic seedling amount, although the percentage of earbearing tiller of every cave 3 seedling is higher, because the highest seedling number wants much less than the seedling process of every cave 6, effective fringe is caused to be less than every cave 6 seedling, and ripening rate is also lower than the seedling process of every cave 6, the output that final actual production is is that the seedling process of every cave 6 is higher than the seedling process of every cave 3.The output of check variety Hunan early No. 31, Xian be also the seedling process of every cave 6 higher than the seedling process of every cave 3, reason be every cave 3 seedling process number of productive ear very little.

As can be seen from Table 6, planting system has impact to a certain degree to ground rice rice quality trait.In 9 rice quality indexs, brown rice yield, polished rice rate, protein content and amylose content, be all wide-and narrow-row planting system higher than wide row planting system, chalky grain rate is then contrary, wide row is higher than wide-and narrow-row, and planting system affects little on gel consistence and gelatinization point.

In Basic Seedling, the seedling process more every cave 3 seedling process of every cave 6 mainly improves the brown rice yield of rice, chalky grain rate, gelatinization point and gel consistence, reduces chalkiness degree and amylose content.Because ground rice rice rice is mainly used in processing ground rice (or claiming rice noodles), to its type, the exterior quality such as chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree has no special requirements.And amylose content, gelatinization point and gel consistence are the important indicators of ground rice rice rice quality, and rear two indexs and ground rice crudy are remarkable negative correlation.

Visible, under this experimental condition, wide-and narrow-row is planted and is conducive to improving ground rice rice rice quality, and the seedling process of Basic Seedling every cave 6 is compared with the seedling process of every cave 3, and ground rice rice rice quality declines to some extent.

The grain quality trait that table 6 early respectively processes in season

Planting system is on the impact of season in evening ground rice rice group structure

Different planting system process has a certain impact to season in evening ground rice rice group structure, each process at the interim leaf area index (LAI) of different bearing all by ascending, rule change descending again, reaches maximum booting stage, after this reduces gradually.The LAI of wide-and narrow-row process is all greater than wide row relax in each breeding time; The percentage of earbearing tiller of each process is also that wide-and narrow-row process is higher than wide row relax.

Planting system is on the impact of season in evening ground rice rice dry-matter accumulation

Wide-and narrow-row process is generally greater than wide row at the dry-matter accumulation of each breeding time, but there are differences because kind (combination) is different.To the maturing stage, the dry-matter accumulation of remaining red 231-8 shows wide row and is greater than wide-and narrow-row trend, and the excellent 77 performance wide-and narrow-rows of prestige are greater than wide row trend.This shows that wide-and narrow-row process is conducive to ground rice rice dry-matter accumulation.

Seedling number process of planting also has certain influence to ground rice rice dry-matter accumulation.Giving birth to the dry-matter accumulation amount of every cave 3 seedling process in early stage lower than the seedling process of every cave 6, in the seedling process of late growth stage every cave 3 higher than the seedling process of every cave 6, V2 has same trend, and this shows that ground rice rice is for obtaining high yield, should participate Basic Seedling.

As can be seen from dry matter in each position allocation proportion, ground rice rice is stored in stem sheath and is assigned to the dry matter ratio in fringe, and V1 is larger than wide-and narrow-row in wide row relax, and wide row is conducive to ground rice rice later stage dry-matter accumulation and shifts to fringe portion.And V2 shape situation is just the opposite.

Planting system is on the impact of season in evening ground rice rice Yield and yield components

Variance analysis shows, between kind (combination), to plant between specification and between Basic Seedling, volume variance all reaches significantly or pole significance level.Wide-and narrow-row process is significantly increased production than wide row; The seedling process of every cave 3 is extremely significantly increased production than the seedling process of every cave 1, illustrates that wide-and narrow-row is configured with and is beneficial to colony's ventilation and penetrating light, and late rice ground rice rice culture is planted favourable to high yield with the every root and stem of certain plants of wide-and narrow-row 3 paddy seedlings.

As can be seen from Table 7, between different cultivars, effective fringe is fewer than V1 with V2, and 3 seedling process are more than 1 seedling process, many than wide row that wide-and narrow-row is planted; Fringe type is larger than V1 kind with V2 kind; The seedling process of every cave 1 is large compared with the seedling process of every cave 3, and wide-and narrow-row process is larger than wide row relax; Thousand kernel weight is greater than V1 with V2, and the ripening rate of wide row and wide-and narrow-row process shows same variation tendency.The output of each process is the highest with wide-and narrow-row, and wide row is minimum.In addition, the process output that basic seedling amount is more is higher.Same explanation season in evening ground rice rice culture is with slotting wide-and narrow-row, and it is favourable to high yield to participate Basic Seedling.

Table 7 season in evening ground rice rice economic characters and output

Note: in table, the 1st row A, B represents wide-and narrow-row and wide row two kinds of specifications of planting respectively; V ₁, V ₂the remaining red 231-8 of representative and the excellent 77 liang of kinds of prestige respectively; Numeral 1,3,6 represents Basic Seedling every cave 1 seedling, 3 seedlings, 6 seedlings respectively.Following table is same.

Planting system is on the impact of season in evening ground rice rice quality trait

As known from Table 8, the gel consistence of planting system major effect season in evening ground rice rice, gelatinization point and chalkness ratio, but impact is little.In experimental cultivar (combination), V1 wide-and narrow-row process chalkness ratio is obviously higher, and every cave 3 seedling process gelatinization point is higher, and gel consistence is also larger; In the process of V2 wide-and narrow-row, chalkness ratio is higher, and every cave 1 seedling process gelatinization point is higher, and gel consistence is larger.The impact of different planting systems on amylose content is not obvious.

The quality trait that table 8 season in evening ground rice rice matter respectively processes

Evening season ground rice rice culture mode better with wide-and narrow-row process.Wide-and narrow-row is transplanted and is first improved group structure, and field ventilation and penetrating light condition is obviously improved, and colony's light situation is good, and photosynthetic production capacity is strong.It is to the effect having front short rear control of tillering, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, and colony is moderate is conducive to the large fringe of strong stalk; Meanwhile, because later stage population photosynthesis production capacity is strong, in stem sheath, available Non-structure carbohydrate output quantity is large, is conducive to kernel grouting and enriches, and the basis of the large fringe of strong stalk reaches the object of heavy fringe, therefore has obvious production-increasing function.

In this test, prestige excellent 77 is better than remaining red 231-8, and the effect of wide-and narrow-row 3 seedling process is better, therefore, season in evening ground rice rice cultivating superior high-yield under the prerequisite choosing breeding, wide-and narrow-row planting system should be selected, and participates Basic Seedling.

In actual applications, give full play to the effect that wide-and narrow-row is planted, must determine according to conditions such as breediness, soil fertility and Fertilization Level spacing in the rows, line-spacing and basic seedling amount that ground rice rice is planted, in proper range, strengthen planting density, thus reach the object of good quality and high output.

Sum up: 1. planting system and ground rice rice group structure

Different planting system has impact to ground rice rice group structure.For wide row planting system, adopt wide-and narrow-row to be planted in and all can improve ground rice rice colony LAI (leaf area index) each breeding time, increase full heading time Grain leaf ratio and single stem stem sheath weight, the percentage of earbearing tiller also significantly improves; In addition according to season morning result of the test, the process of Basic Seedling every cave 6 seedling is at the LAI of each breeding time all than the height of every cave 3 seedling, and along with the propelling of growing process, between process, gap diminishes.This illustrates that ground rice rice adopts wide-and narrow-row planting system to form good group structure, makes the ontogeny of ground rice rice and group structure, nourishes and grows and to be coordinated preferably with the contradiction of reproductive growth, thus lays good basis for high yield and high quality.

With regard to Basic Seedling, early quarterly test is tested and is only provided with every cave 3 seedling and every cave 6 seedling two process, and every cave 6 seedling process is than every cave 3 seedling process volume increase, but every cave 3 seedling process ground rice rice rice quality is better than the seedling process of every cave 6.Therefore, be obtain high yield and high quality, perhaps every cave 4-5 seedling of planting is more suitable, and this needs to study confirmation further from now on.

2. planting system and ground rice rice dry-matter accumulation and output

Rice Population Dry Matter Production is the basis and the prerequisite that form certain output, and first the high yield of paddy rice depends on higher biological yield.This test adopts wide-and narrow-row planting system plantation ground rice rice, in fertility dry-matter accumulation amount in early stage not as good as wide row planting system, but from heading to the maturing stage, then a little more than the latter, this shows that wide-and narrow-row is planted in the dry-matter accumulation that late growth stage can promote ground rice rice, the output of later stage stem sheath storage material can be promoted simultaneously, increase assimilation products and accumulate in fringe portion.

In addition, the basic seedling amount of planting is different, and also have a certain impact to ground rice rice dry-matter accumulation, seedling number of planting is the height of dry-matter accumulation amount than every cave 3 seedling of every cave 6 seedling.Output is also significantly higher than the seedling process of every cave 3, and this is because Basic Seedling is very few, in the breeding time that early rice is shorter, can not form enough effective fringes and be difficult to reach high yield.So make ground rice rice obtain high yield, wide-and narrow-row planting system should be adopted.Also can consider to throw cultivation mode in addition to cultivate, because throw the effect of planting and naturally reaching wide-and narrow-row because seeding row spacing is irregular, and throw cultivation saving of labor, can cost-saving synergistic be realized.

3. planting system and ground rice rice quality

Ground rice rice quality comprises exterior quality, edible quality, nutritional quality and processing quality, and by the joint effect of gene, envirment factor and cultivation step, they exist comparatively complicated relation each other.Generally believe, increase planting density, have impact to field ventilation and penetrating light, easily cause lodging, and then have influence on grouting and Grain Filling, make exterior quality, processing quality and Cooking Quality become bad; Gong Yuqin thinks, excessive close planting makes paddy rice seal row too early, and disease increases the weight of, and the short grain of tassel is little, and ripe irregular blighted grain is many, and add exterior quality variation in man-hour, head rice rate declines.Liu Jian, Wu Kui think, increase basic seedling amount, can reduce Coarse Rice Rate, polished rice rate and head rice rate, increase chalk rice grain, reduce transparency, improve direct-connected content of starch and gel consistence.

This experimental study is basically identical with forefathers, and increase Basic Seedling can cause amylose content decline and gel consistence obviously rises, because the gel consistence of powder material rice can not be too high, therefore in ground rice rice produces, and too much Basic Seedling of should not planting.In addition, adopt wide-and narrow-row cultivation can improve brown rice yield, polished rice rate, amylose content and protein content, chalky grain rate declines to some extent, and affects little on gelatinization point and gel consistence, so ground rice rice High-quality Cultivation should adopt wide-and narrow-row planting system.

It is worthy of note, in paddy growth physiological property, to there is the remarkable interaction between kind and planting type.Therefore, at planting type in the impact of the yield and quality of ground rice rice, also should carry out for many years, multi items test.

Fertilizer amount and proportioning are on the impact of ground rice rice quality and yield

Test and early carried out in Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Inst. experimental field in season in 2004.Experimental field soil fertility is high.

Land for growing field crops adopts split block experiment design, and repeat for 3 times, take Fertilization Level as primary area, kind is secondary area, and fertilizer ratio is split plot, primary area area 80m ², secondary area area 40m ², split plot area 20m ².Primary area Latin square arranges, the order arrangement of secondary area, split plot.

Experimental cultivar: A-Xianzaoxian33;

B-01 early 5202.

Fertilizer ratio: X-N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o=1: 0.6: 1;

Y—N∶P ₂O ₅∶K ₂O＝1∶0.8∶1.2。

Fertilization Level: 1-667m ²execute pure N5kg;

2-667m ²execute pure N7.5kg;

3-667m ²execute pure N10kg.

Each straight fertilizer is respectively urea (production of Dongting Lake, Hunan nitrogen fertilizer plant), superphosphate (Hunan phosphorous chemical industry head factory (Liuyang) production) and potassium chloride (Russia produces).

Each process fertilizer and proportioning list in table 6-1.

Table 6-1 respectively processes fertilizer amount and proportioning

Two kinds are all in sowing on March 23, and April 21 transplanted.Culturable standard 16.7cm × 20cm.Phosphate fertilizer all makes base manure, and 60% of nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer is made base manure, 30% and made tillering fertilizer, 10% and make ear manuer.Other management are with general land for growing field crops.

Observation content: maturing stage species test, survey are produced and rice matter is analyzed.

Fertilizer type and fertilizing time are on the impact of ground rice rice quality and yield

Test and carry out in Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Inst. experimental field in season in evening in 2004.Land for growing field crops adopts split block experiment design, and repeat for 3 times, take fertilizing time as primary area, kind is secondary area, and fertilizer type is split plot, primary area area 80m ², secondary area area 40m ², split plot area 20m ².Primary area Latin square arranges, the order arrangement of secondary area, split plot.

Experimental cultivar: C-prestige excellent 77;

D-remaining red 231-8.

Fertilizer type: R-compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy 50kg/667m ²(containing N, P ₂o ₅, K ₂o is respectively 12%, 14%, 14%)+urea 5kg/667m ²;

S-fertilizer (cake-shaped rape seed dregs) 50kg/667m ²+ compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy 50kg/667m ².

Fertilizing time: 1-all make base manure;

2-base manure 60%, tillering fertilizer 40%;

3-base manure 50%, tillering fertilizer 30%, ear manuer 20%.

Two kinds are all in sowing on June 22, and July 15 transplants.Culturable standard 20cm × 20cm.Fertilizer is all as base manure.Other management are with general land for growing field crops.

Fertilizer amount and proportioning are on the impact of ground rice rice output

Fertilizer amount and proportioning on the impact of ground rice rice Xianzaoxian33 output in Table 6-2.From table, two kinds of fertilizer ratio Method compare, the output of Y process (1: 0.8: 1.2) is a little more than X process (1: 0.6: 1), but difference is not remarkable.3 Fertilization Level compare, with middle fertile horizontal processing (every 667m ²execute purity nitrogen 7.5kg) output the highest, low fertile horizontal processing (every 667m ²execute purity nitrogen 5kg) take second place, high fertile horizontal processing (every 667m ²execute purity nitrogen 10kg) output is minimum, and wherein, between middle fertile horizontal processing and low fertile horizontal processing, difference is remarkable, but both are all significantly higher than high fertile horizontal processing.

Table 6-2 fertilizer amount and proportioning are on the impact of ground rice rice Xianzaoxian33 output

Composite fertilizer consumption and proportioning two factors, with the highest (549kg/667m of Y2 process output ²), Y1 process occupies secondly (545kg/667m ²), between the two without significant difference, but both output poles are significantly higher than Y3 process; Simultaneously visible, between Y1, Y2 and X1, X2 process, output is all without significant difference.Therefore, from the angle improving output, the best fertilizer applications of Xianzaoxian33 is: execute purity nitrogen 7.5kg/667m ², N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o=1: 0.8: 1.2; If consider output and economic benefit two aspects, the best fertilizer applications of Xianzaoxian33 is for executing purity nitrogen 5kg/667m ², N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o=1: 0.6: 1.

Table 6-3 fertilizer amount and proportioning are on the impact of ground rice rice 01 5202 output morning

Fertilizer amount and proportioning on the impact of ground rice rice 01 early 5202 output in Table 6-3.From table, two kinds of fertilizer ratio Method compare, the output pole of X process (1: 0.6: 1) is significantly higher than Y process (1: 0.8: 1.2).3 Fertilization Level compare, with low fertile horizontal processing (every 667m ²execute purity nitrogen 5kg) the highest, middle fertile horizontal processing (every 667m ²execute purity nitrogen 7.5kg) output take second place, high fertile horizontal processing (every 667m ²execute purity nitrogen 10kg) output is minimum, and difference all reaches significance level, wherein, low, middle fertilizer process pole is significantly higher than high fertile process.

Composite fertilizer consumption and proportioning two factors, higher with process output such as X2, X1, Y1, all at 520kg/667m ²above, all low 30kg/667m of all the other process output ²above.Therefore, consider output and economic benefit two aspects, the best fertilizer applications of 01 morning 5202 is for executing purity nitrogen 5kg/667m ², N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o=1: 0.6: 1.

Fertilizer amount and proportioning are on the impact of ground rice rice economic characters

Fertilizer amount and proportioning on the impact of ground rice rice Xianzaoxian33 economic characters in Table 6-4.Number of productive ear performance Y process is higher than the low nitrogen process of nitrogen process > in X process, high nitrogen process >; Every total grain panicle number performance rule is consistent with number of productive ear; Ripening rate general performance improves with nitrogen amount applied and declines, and X process is higher than Y process; Thousand kernel weight performance X process is higher than nitrogen process > height nitrogen process in Y process, low nitrogen process >.

Table 6-4 fertilizer amount and proportioning are on the impact of ground rice rice Xianzaoxian33 economic characters

Fertilizer amount and proportioning on the impact of ground rice rice 01 early 5202 economic characters in Table 6-5.Number of productive ear performance X process is higher than the low nitrogen process of nitrogen process > in Y process, high nitrogen process >; It is very little that every total grain panicle number manages a difference throughout; Ripening rate general performance improves with nitrogen amount applied and declines, and performance X process is higher than Y process trend; Thousand kernel weight performance increases with amount of nitrogen and declines, and performance X process is less than Y process trend.

Consolidated statement 6-4 and 6-5 fertilizer amount and proportioning on ground rice rice varieties Xianzaoxian33 and 01 early 5202 economic characters to affect result visible, fertilizer amount and proportioning have a significant effect to ground rice rice economic characters, but each factor performance is not too consistent, and has different between kind.

Table 6-5 fertilizer amount and proportioning are on the impact of ground rice rice 01 5202 economic characters morning

Fertilizer amount and proportioning are on the impact of ground rice rice quality

Fertilizer amount and proportioning on the impact of ground rice rice Xianzaoxian33 rice quality in Table 6-6.From table, fertilizer amount and proportioning have no significant effect ground rice rice Xianzaoxian33 brown rice yield and polished rice rate; Head rice rate without significant difference, but increases with amount of nitrogen and declines between two fertilizer ratio process, and high nitrogen process is significantly lower than low, middle nitrogen process; Chalkiness degree performance Y process remarkable lower than X process, middle nitrogen process significantly lower than low nitrogen process and high nitrogen process; Between each process, amylose content does not have significant difference.

Visible, fertilizer amount and the impact of proportioning on ground rice rice Xianzaoxian33 rice quality are mainly manifested on chalkiness degree and head rice rate, are to reduce chalkiness degree, with nitrogen (7.5kg/667m in adopting ²) and Y proportioning (1: 0.8: 1.2) be advisable.

Fertilizer amount and proportioning on the impact of ground rice rice 01 early 5202 rice qualities in Table 6-7.From table, early 5202 browns rice yield and polished rice rate have no significant effect to ground rice rice 01 for fertilizer amount and proportioning; Head rice rate without significant difference, but shows high nitrogen process and is significantly higher than low, middle nitrogen process between two fertilizer ratio process; Chalkiness degree performance Y process is significantly higher than X process, middle nitrogen process significantly lower than low nitrogen process and high nitrogen process; Amylose content performance X process is significantly higher than Y process, without significant difference between nitrogen amount applied.

Table 6-6 fertilizer amount and proportioning are on the impact of ground rice rice Xianzaoxian33 rice quality

Visible, fertilizer amount and the impact of proportioning on ground rice rice 01 5202 rice qualities morning are mainly manifested on chalkiness degree, head rice rate and amylose.

Consolidated statement 6-6 and table 6-7 finds, fertilizer amount and the impact of proportioning on ground rice rice rice quality show obvious Differences.Visible, in the cultivation of ground rice rice, different measures of fertilizer need be formulated according to different cultivars.

Table 6-7 fertilizer amount and proportioning are on the impact of ground rice rice 01 5202 rice qualities morning

Fertilizer type and fertilizing time are on the impact of ground rice rice output

Fertilizer type and fertilizing time on the impact of ground rice rice V77 output in Table 6-8.Between two kinds of soil fertility quality, output is higher with R process (compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy+urea), but and without significant difference between S process (fertilizer+compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy).Between fertilizing time, the highest to process 3 (base manure 50%, tillering fertilizer 30%, ear manuer 20%), secondly process 2 (base manure 60%, tillering fertilizer 40%) occupies, and process 1 (all making base manure) output is minimum, wherein, process 3 poles and be significantly higher than process 1.Composite fertilizer kind and fertilizing time two factors, the highest with R3 process output, R1 and S1 process output is minimum, and difference reaches significance level.

Visible, on fertilizer type, R is slightly better than S, and namely paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer and urea are joined to execute and is better than cake-shaped rape seed dregs and adds paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer, but difference is not remarkable; On fertilizing time, what point three times (base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer) was used be better than, and a point secondary (base manure, tillering fertilizer) is used, and the output of single fertilization is minimum.

Table 6-8 fertilizer type and fertilizing time are on the impact of ground rice rice V77 output

Fertilizer type and fertilizing time on the impact of red 231-8 output more than ground rice rice varieties in Table 6-9.Between two kinds of soil fertility quality, output performance S process (fertilizer+compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy) is significantly higher than R process (compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy+urea).Between fertilizing time, the highest to process 3 (base manure 50%, tillering fertilizer 30%, ear manuer 20%), it is significantly higher than process 2 (base manure 60%, tillering fertilizer 40%) and process 1 (all making base manure), and pole is significantly higher than process 1.Composite fertilizer kind and fertilizing time two factors, the highest with R3 and S3 process output, R1 process output is minimum, and difference reaches pole significance level.

Visible, on fertilizer type, S is better than R, and namely cake-shaped rape seed dregs adds paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer and is better than paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer and urea and joins and execute, and its difference reaches significance level; On fertilizing time, what point three times (base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer) was used be better than, and a point secondary (base manure, tillering fertilizer) is used, and the output of single fertilization is minimum.

Consolidated statement 6-8 and table 6-9, under this experimental condition, different ground rice rice varieties requires different to fertilizer type; And on fertilizing time, the output that two kinds are all used with point three times (base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer) is the highest, disposable employed output is minimum.

Table 6-9 fertilizer type and fertilizing time are on the impact of red 231-8 output more than ground rice rice

Fertilizer type and fertilizing time are on the impact of ground rice rice quality

Fertilizer type and fertilizing time on the impact of ground rice rice V77 rice quality in Table 6-10.Fertilizer type and fertilizing time are on the impact of ground rice rice V77 brown rice yield, polished rice rate and amylose content not quite; Head rice rate is significant difference (R process is significantly higher than S process) between fertilizer type, between fertilizing time process, difference reaches pole significant difference level (process 2,3 remarkable poles are significantly higher than process 1), in 6 process, R2 process is the highest, secondly S3 process occupies, and R1 process is minimum; Chalkiness degree performance S process is significantly lower than R process, and process 2 is significantly lower than process 3 and process 1.

On the whole, fertilizer type and the impact of fertilizing time on ground rice rice V77 rice quality are mainly manifested on head rice rate and chalkiness degree; On fertilizer type, R process can improve head rice rate, but chalkiness degree also improves, and S process can reduce chalkiness degree, but head rice rate significantly declines; On fertilizing time, can obtain ideal result, head rice rate is the highest namely to process 2 (base manure 60%, tillering fertilizers 40%), and chalkiness degree is minimum.

Fertilizer type and fertilizing time affect table 6-11 to red 231-8 rice quality more than ground rice rice.From table, on red 231-8 brown rice yield more than ground rice rice and the impact of polished rice rate not quite, all there is not significant difference between process in fertilizer type and fertilizing time; Between two kinds of soil fertility quality, head rice rate significant difference, S process is significantly higher than R process, and between fertilizing time process, difference is not remarkable; Chalkiness degree performance S process is extremely remarkable in R process, and process 2 is significantly lower than process 3; Amylose content is significant difference (S process pole is significantly higher than R process) between two kinds of soil fertility quality, but difference is not remarkable between 3 fertilizing time process.

Table 6-10 fertilizer type and fertilizing time are on the impact of ground rice rice V77 rice quality

On the whole, fertilizer type and fertilizing time are mainly manifested on head rice rate, chalkiness degree and amylose content on the impact of red 231-8 rice quality more than ground rice rice; On fertilizer type, S process can significantly improve head rice rate, and chalkiness degree significantly reduces, and is conducive to the raising of meter matter; On fertilizing time, process 2 (base manure 60%, tillering fertilizer 40%) chalkiness degree is minimum.

Table 6-11 fertilizer type and fertilizing time are on the impact of red 231-8 rice quality more than ground rice rice

The result of consolidated statement 6-10 and 6-11, fertilizer type and fertilizing time affect little on ground rice rice brown rice yield and polished rice rate, affect significantly, and show variant between kind on the impact of amylose content on head rice rate and chalkiness degree.On the whole, S process (fertilizer+compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy) and process 2 (base manure 60%, tillering fertilizers 40%) are conducive to the reduction of chalkiness degree.

Simple substance adjusting control agent is on the impact of ground rice rice quality

Season in evening in 2004 adopts 5 kinds of simple substance adjusting control agents, i.e. phytic acid (A), paclobutrazol (B), ethrel (C), Choline Chloride (D) and gibberellin (E), and in new town, MiLuo city, Cong Yang village tests.Test adopts the horizontal randomized block experiment design of two-factor three, 5 kinds of adjusting control agents respectively establish 3 spraying concentrations, separately add blank 1, totally 16 process: A1-phytic acid 100ml/L, A2-phytic acid 150ml/L, A3-phytic acid 200ml/L, B1-paclobutrazol 200mg/L, B2-paclobutrazol 300mg/L, B3-paclobutrazol 400mg/L, C1-ethrel 0.05%, C2-ethrel 0.1%, C3-ethrel 0.2%, D1-Choline Chloride 500mg/L, D2-Choline Chloride 1000mg/L, D3-Choline Chloride 2000mg/L, E1-gibberellin 15mg/L, E2-gibberellin 25mg/L, E3-gibberellin 35mg/L, CK-blank (clear water).Repeat for 3 times, plot area 20m ².This is tested and carries out in season in evening in 2004, and experimental cultivar prestige excellent 77 is in sowing on June 22, and July 18 transplanted, the specification 20cm that plants × 20cm.Carry out test process in flowering stage (September 15), every community sprays adjusting control agent solution 1500ml (i.e. 50L/667m by design concentration ²).Other cultivation management measures are with general land for growing field crops.Maturing stage every community sampling 0.5kg, preserves and carries out rice quality mensuration after 3 months.

Compound adjusting control agent is on the impact of ground rice rice quality

The individual different compound adjusting control agent formula of Ji Yisan morning in 2005 supplies examination, i.e. T1, phytic acid (concentration 200ml/L)+paclobutrazol (concentration 300mg/L), every 667m ²spray solution 30 kilograms; T2, Choline Chloride (concentration 0.1%)+ethrel (concentration 1000mg/L), every 667m ²spray solution 30 kilograms; T3, GA3 (concentration 25mg/L)+Choline Chloride (concentration 0.1%), every 667m ²spray solution 30 kilograms; CK, blank (every 667m ²spray 30 kilograms, clear water).Test carries out field trial in Agricultural University Of Hunan experimental field and Xin Yuan village of eastern suburb township of Xiangxiang City respectively.If 3 times are repeated, plot area 20m ², carry out cultivation management by ground rice rice standardized production technology.Spray in rice ear sprouting period (June 13), maturing stage species test, survey are produced, are sampled and analyze its rice quality.

Key instrument: constant water bath box, baking oven, high speed Universalpulverizer, electronic analytical balance, visible spectrophotometer, conventional nitrogen apparatus, disappear and boil stove, rice huller, rice mill.

Main agents: 95% ethanol, 1.00mol/LNaOH, 1.00mol/L acetic acid, 0.09mol/LNaOH, composite catalyst (K ₂sO ₄/ CuSO ₄/ selenium powder=100/10/1), 40%NaOH, the concentrated sulfuric acid, 2% boric acid, 0.01NH ₂sO ₄standard liquid, iodine liquid.

Assay method

Brown rice yield, total polished rice rate, head rice rate measure by GB1350.1999.

The method that head rice rate detects: take a certain amount of brown rice of paddy test agent → shelling → weighing brown rice total amount → therefrom take → wear into national standard first-class polished rice → except chaff → sort out again head milled rice grain → weigh.

H (%) = \frac{W 3}{W 0 \times \frac{W 2}{W 1}} \times 100

In formula: H is head rice rate;

W0 is paddy sample mass (g);

W1 is brown rice gross mass (g);

W2 is that the best of experiment rice mill is milled quality (g);

W3 is head milled rice grain quality (g).

Measure 2 times, if error is no more than 1.0%, its mean value is as assay.

Chalkiness degree, chalky grain rate, grain type, amylose content, gel consistence measure by GB/T17891.1999; Namely random selecting high quality paddy polished rice sample or two parts, complete rice sample, 100 every part, sort out the grain of rice that chalk is white, repeat once, get the mean value of twice mensuration, be chalky grain rate.Chalkiness size represents that grain chalk fine flour amasss the percentage accounting for whole grain projected area.Chalkiness degree (%)=chalky grain rate × Chalkiness size.

The mensuration of amylose content adopts NY147-88 meter matter assay method.

The mensuration of crude protein content takes Kjeldahl nitrogen determination.Accurately take sample (repeating for 2 times) 0.300g, boiling in disappearing in pipe, adding mixed catalyst 1.7g, dense H ₂sO ₄5ml.Shake up that being placed on disappears gently and boil temperature in stove to disappear and boil, after limpid, take off cooling, rear adding distil water is settled to 50ml, therefrom draws 10ml and joins and determine nitrogen distilling apparatus and distill, add NaOH5ml, absorb the ammonia distillated, then use 0.01NH with 2% borate ₂sO ₄standard liquid titration it, and according to consumed 0.01NH ₂sO ₄the volume of standard liquid, calculates full N content, is converted into crude protein content.

Computing formula:

N-H ₂sO ₄equivalent concentration

V-consumption H ₂sO ₄the volume (ml) of standard liquid;

W-example weight (g)

And adopt DPSv3.01 professional version Software of Data Statistics to carry out data statistics to surveyed achievement data.

Results and analysis

Simple substance chemical regulator is on the impact of ground rice rice milling quality

Table 7-1 chemical regulator is on the impact of milling quality

Note: in table numeral mark " ^*" expression and contrast difference remarkable, mark " ^*" expression and contrast difference extremely remarkable.

Brown rice yield: total trend uses chemical regulator brown rice yield is increased, improving maximum is A3 process (phytic acid 200ml/L), improve 1.03 percentage points, the brown rice yield only having C2 (ethene 10%), B2 (paclobutrazol 300mg/L) and E1 (gibberellin 15mg/L) etc. 3 to process decreases, reducing maximum is E1 process (gibberellin 15mg/L), reduce 0.64 percentage point, statistical analysis, all process all with contrast without significant difference.As shown in Figure 3.

Polished rice rate: the total polished rice rate having 10 to process increases than contrast, but difference is not remarkable, and what total polished rice rate was the highest is A3 (phytic acid 200ml/L) process, higher 0.94 percentage point than contrast; The total polished rice rate having 5 to process is lower than contrast, and that minimum is E1 process (gibberellin 15mg/L), lower 0.63 percentage point than contrast, and difference is not remarkable, as Fig. 4.

Head rice rate: after regulation and control, the total trend of head rice rate declines.Only has the head rice rate of A2 (phytic acid 150ml/L) and A3 (phytic acid 200ml/L) two process higher than contrast, that the highest is A3, higher 3.3 percentage points than contrast, namely when phytic acid working concentration is higher, have the effect promoting that head rice rate improves, but variance analysis difference is not remarkable; There are 13 head rice rates processed lower than contrast, wherein E1 (gibberellin 15mg/L) process is lower 8.7 percentage points than contrast, significant difference, and what head rice rate was minimum is D3 (Choline Chloride 2000mg/L) process, lower 14.36 percentage points than contrast, difference is extremely remarkable.As Fig. 5.

Simple substance chemical regulator is on the impact of ground rice rice exterior quality

Table 7-2 chemical regulator is on the impact of ground rice rice exterior quality

Polished rice is long: adjusting control agent is very small on the impact of polished rice length, and the longest 7.06mm (C1, C2, A3), only adds 0.06mm than contrast, and the shortest 6.96mm (A1), only shortens 0.04mm than contrast, and difference is all not remarkable.In Table 7-2 and Fig. 6.

Polished rice is wide: adjusting control agent has significant impact to polished rice width.The polished rice width of all process is all less than contrast, wherein B3 (paclobutrazol 400mg/L) process reaches pole significance level with contrast difference, separately has D3, B2, C1, D2, D1, A3, C3, B1, E3 and A2 etc. 10 to process and reaches significance level with contrast difference.

Polished rice aspect ratio: all regulation and control process all increase the aspect ratio of polished rice, but difference is all not remarkable.See Fig. 7.

Chalky grain rate: after using adjusting control agent, chalky grain rate raises to some extent, wherein processes D2 (Choline Chloride 1000mg/L) and E2 (gibberellin 25mg/L) and reaches significance level with contrast difference.See Fig. 8.

Chalk fine flour amasss: adjusting control agent has certain influence to chalk fine flour is long-pending, wherein, the chalk fine flour of D3 process (Choline Chloride 2000mg/L) is long-pending to be enlarged markedly than contrast, the chalk fine flour of A3, C3, E3 process amasss and contrasts quite, and other process chalk fine flours are long-pending is all less than contrast, wherein A2 process declines remarkable.See Fig. 9.

Chalkiness degree: adjusting control agent has a significant effect to chalkiness degree, wherein, the chalk fine flour that D3 (Choline Chloride 2000mg/L) and E3 (gibberellin 35mg/L) two processes is long-pending than the remarkable expansion of contrast, and A2 process declines significantly, and the chalk fine flour of other process is long-pending not remarkable with contrast difference.See Figure 10.

Simple substance chemical regulator is on the impact of ground rice rice nutritional quality and cooking quality

Amylose content (AC): 5 kinds of adjusting control agents have certain regulating action to amylose content, 12 amylose contents processed are had higher than contrast in 15 process, wherein the highest is E2 (gibberellin 25mg/L) process, amylose content is 21.97%, higher 1.1 percentage points than contrast; Have 3 amylose contents processed lower than contrast, minimum is D3 (Choline Chloride 2000mg/L) process, lower 0.7 percentage point than contrast.But all process and the difference contrasted are all not remarkable.From adjusting control agent kind, phytic acid and ethrel very micro-to the regulating and controlling effect of amylose; Paclobutrazol reduces amylose content when low concentration (200mg/L), when higher concentration (more than 300mg/L), then improves amylose content; Choline Chloride only improves amylose content slightly when intermediate concentration, under low concentration and high concentration, all reduce amylose content; Gibberellin, regardless of concentration level, can heighten amylose content, but during high concentration, effect is slightly poor.In Table 7-3 and Figure 11.

Table 7-3 chemical regulator is on the impact of ground rice rice nutritional quality and cooking quality

Protein content: have 11 protein contents processed to increase than contrast, but difference is not remarkable; 4 are had to process protein content lower than contrast, wherein E2 (gibberellin 25mg/L) and E1 (gibberellin 15mg/L) two process protein content is minimum, be respectively 5.46%, 5.42%, lower 0.68 and 0.72 percentage point respectively than contrast, and difference reaches significance level.See Figure 12.

Gel consistence: after using chemical regulator, gel consistence all declines, except E2 (gibberellin 25mg/L) and A3 (phytic acid 200ml/L) two processes, 13 process reach significance level with the difference contrasted, and wherein E1 (gibberellin 15mg/L), A2 (phytic acid 150ml/L), B2 (paclobutrazol 300mg/L) and D1 (Choline Chloride 500mg/L) etc. 4 process and reach pole significance level with the difference contrasted.See Figure 13.

Composite chemical adjusting control agent is on the impact of ground rice rice yield and quality

Within 2005, early carried out three different composite adjusting control agent formulas season to the research of ground rice rice varieties Xianzaoxian33 chemical quality impact, table 7-4 is the impact of composite chemical adjusting control agent on ground rice rice Yield Characters.From table, compared with the control, composite chemical adjusting control agent makes Xianzaoxian33 plant height slightly decline, but difference is not remarkable; Spike length is slightly increased, but difference is not remarkable; Have certain influence to ripening rate and thousand kernel weight, but difference is all not remarkable yet; But because adjusting control agent is on the impact of number of productive ear and grain number per spike, composite chemical adjusting control agent is remarkable to Xianzaoxian33 yield effect, wherein, T3 process (GA ₃25mg/L+ Choline Chloride 0.1% mixed solution 30kg/667m ²) output be significantly higher than contrast and T1 process (phytic acid 200ml/L+ paclobutrazol 300mg/L mixed solution 30kg/667m ²), T2 process (Choline Chloride 0.1%+ ethrel 1000mg/L mixed solution 30kg/667m ²) a little more than contrast but difference is remarkable, but be significantly higher than T1 process; T1 process is lower than contrast but difference is not remarkable.

Visible, in 3 kinds of compound adjusting control agents, T3 significantly increases production, and the remarkable underproduction of T1, T2 volume increase is not remarkable.

Table 7-4 composite chemical adjusting control agent is on the impact of ground rice rice Yield Characters

Table 7-5 is the impact of composite chemical adjusting control agent on ground rice rice amylose content.From table, composite chemical adjusting control agent has a significant effect to ground rice rice amylose content, wherein, and T3 process (GA ₃25mg/L+ Choline Chloride 0.1% mixed solution 30kg/667m ²) amylose content comparatively contrasts raising 1.21 percentage points, significant difference, meanwhile, T3 process amylose content comparatively T1 and T2 high 0.75 and 2.63 points hundred points respectively, significant difference; T1 process amylose content comparatively contrasts and slightly improves (0.46 percentage point), and difference is not remarkable; And T2 process amylose content comparatively contrasts and T1 and T3 process significantly reduction.Test is carried out in agricultural university and two, Xiangxiang point simultaneously, but result performance is consistent.

Visible, in the impact on ground rice rice amylose content, T3 process improves Be very effective and improves, and T2 process reduces remarkable, and T1 process is improved effect but not remarkable.

Table 7-5 composite chemical adjusting control agent is on the impact (%) of ground rice rice amylose content

Table 7-6 is the impact of composite chemical adjusting control agent on ground rice rice protein content.From table, composite chemical adjusting control agent shows the mensuration of ground rice rice protein content and statistical analysis, T3 process (GA ₃25mg/L+ Choline Chloride 0.1% mixed solution 30kg/667m ²) protein content of ground rice rice can be reduced significantly in pole, agricultural university's pilot performance is more obvious, and this is favourable to the mouthfeel improving ground rice; And T1 process and T2 process do not have positive effect.

Table 7-6 composite chemical adjusting control agent is on the impact of ground rice rice protein content

Table 7-7 composite chemical adjusting control agent is on the impact of ground rice rice caustic SCC

Table 7-7 is the impact of composite chemical adjusting control agent on ground rice rice caustic SCC.From table, Xiangxiang pilot ground rice rice caustic SCC common comparatively agricultural university pilot is high, but compared with the control, composite chemical adjusting control agent is little on ground rice rice caustic SCC (gelatinization point) impact, and agricultural university is consistent with the performance of Liang Ge test site, Xiangxiang.

Harvesting period is on the impact of ground rice rice economic characters and output

Harvesting period on the impact of ground rice rice economic characters and output in Table 9-1.From table, from July 2 to July 19, once, postpone period with harvesting, grain yield improves every 5 ~ 7d results gradually, and July 2, crop was only 290kg/667m ², July 7, crop reached 400kg/667m ², July 12, crop reached 488kg/667m ², July 19, crop was the highest, reached 494kg/667m ²comparatively improve 79%, 30% and 1.2% respectively first three period, the results of analysis of variance show July 19 results process comparatively July 12 results process difference not remarkable, but pole be significantly higher than July 7 process and July 2 process, July 12 results process also pole be significantly higher than July 7 process and July 2 process.Visible, in 4 water content in harvest, output with July 12 and results process on July 19 higher, due between two process without significant difference, consider the high yield of warm light resources and late rice, this research is thought with July 12, namely within 25 days, gathers in the crops as well after fringe together.

Different harvesting period is on the impact (table 9-1) of ground rice rice yield component: harvest time affects less on ground rice rice number of productive ear, number of grain per ear and thousand kernel weight, affect significantly on Defined daily doses and ripening rate, general performance was postponed with harvest time, and Defined daily doses and ripening rate significantly improve.This postpones the major reason causing output increased harvest time.

Correlation analysis shows, number of productive ear, number of grain per ear, Defined daily doses, ripening rate and thousand kernel weight correlation all and between actual production, correlation coefficient is respectively 0.7084,0.7422,0.9978,0.9823,0.9957, visible, to yield effect maximum be Defined daily doses, be secondly thousand kernel weight and ripening rate.This is that water content in harvest is postponed, the reason that output significantly improves.

Table 9-1 different harvesting period is on the impact of ground rice rice yield forming

Table 9-2 affects result to ground rice rice grain quality trait at harvesting period, visible harvesting is postponed period, ground rice rice brown rice yield, polished rice rate, gelatinization point, amylose content, chalkiness degree etc. all significantly improve, and the change of head rice rate, chalky grain rate is less, but crude protein content declines.On the whole, the ground rice rice milled rice rate that July 12 gathered in the crops later is higher, and alkaline hydrolysis value is comparatively large, and amylose content is higher.Therefore, from ground rice rice quality, July 12, results were better later.

Table 9-3 is that harvesting period is on the impact of ground rice rice opaque amount.From table, the ground rice rice opaque amount overall evaluation difference of different water content in harvest is comparatively large, and best with what gathered in July 12, its comprehensive grading reaches 7.9 points, apparently higher than all the other each water content in harvest process; July 7, results process occupied second (7.1 points), results process 6.6 points on July 19, results process only 5.9 points on July 2.Illustrate that the suitableeest water content in harvest of ground rice rice Xianzaoxian33 is July 12 from raising ground rice quality point, namely after neat fringe, 25 days results are best.

Table 9-2 different harvesting period is on the impact of ground rice rice grain quality trait

Table 9-3 gathers in period to the impact of ground rice rice opaque amount

Note: comprehensive grading is got by weighted average calculation such as telling slurry value is marked, disconnected bar scoring, moisture scoring, shaping scoring, outward appearance scoring, the scoring of stranding powder, and every weight is respectively 0.15,0.3,0.05,0.15,0.2 and 0.15.

Claims

1. a ground rice rice varieties cultivation method, is characterized in that, specifically carries out according to following steps:

(1) in free of contamination area, the rice field that irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil fertility is medium is selected;

(2) Xianzaoxian33, Hunan early No. 24, Xian, Hunan early No. 32, Xian, Hunan early No. 29, Xian and agricultural university early 26 early rice powder rice varieties are selected;

(3) according to the breeding time of kind and the Thermo-Photo sensitive of grown place, sowing at the beginning of late March to 4 month, mid-July are ripe;

(4) wide-and narrow-row planting system is adopted, specification: spacing in the rows 13.3cm, narrow row distance 16.7cm, wide line-spacing 33.3cm, every cave 3 seedling;

(5) according to soil fertility, purity nitrogen 5.0 ~ 7.5kg/667m is executed ², N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o=1: 0.8: 1.2; Organo-mineral combined fertilization, before transplanting, basal dressing accounts for 60%, within 5-7 days, executing tillering fertilizer accounts for 40% afterwards in transplanting; Or basal dressing 50%, transplanting are executed tillering fertilizer 40% in 5-7 days afterwards, are eared and execute ear manuer 10% in first 25 days before transplanting;

(6) Qi Suihou, sprays with the Choline Chloride mixed solution that gibberellin 25mg/L and concentration are 0.1%, spraying standard 30kg/667m ²;

(7) within 25 days, gather in the crops in time after neat fringe.